Demographic Proﬁle: Blakely - Georgia Cities · Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 Demographic Proﬁles? The short answer is that the 2010 Census form

Demographic Profile:Blakely

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2013-17 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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BLAKELY Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

85 and over

75−79

70−74

60−64

65−69

35−39

40−44

25−29

55−59

20−24

45−49

30−34

50−54

5−9

Under 5

10−14

15−19

200 100 0 100 200

Males

Females

Blakely

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile BLAKELY

Race and Latino Origin

33%

64%

1%2%1%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Blakely

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

26%

22%

41%

10%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Blakely

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

35%

35%

30%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Blakely

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

31%

49%

17%

3%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Blakely

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 5,068 100.0%

Under 5 years 385 7.6%5 to 9 years 408 8.1%10 to 14 years 412 8.1%15 to 19 years 434 8.6%20 to 24 years 315 6.2%25 to 29 years 299 5.9%30 to 34 years 277 5.5%35 to 39 years 294 5.8%40 to 44 years 302 6.0%45 to 49 years 303 6.0%50 to 54 years 344 6.8%55 to 59 years 289 5.7%60 to 64 years 234 4.6%65 to 69 years 223 4.4%70 to 74 years 175 3.5%75 to 79 years 152 3.0%80 to 84 years 113 2.2%85 years and over 109 2.2%

Median age (years) 35.1 (X)

16 years and over 3,764 74.3%18 years and over 3,594 70.9%21 years and over 3,354 66.2%62 years and over 915 18.1%65 years and over 772 15.2%

Male population 2,277 44.9%Under 5 years 185 3.7%5 to 9 years 211 4.2%10 to 14 years 199 3.9%15 to 19 years 217 4.3%20 to 24 years 153 3.0%25 to 29 years 138 2.7%30 to 34 years 104 2.1%35 to 39 years 139 2.7%40 to 44 years 144 2.8%45 to 49 years 133 2.6%50 to 54 years 149 2.9%55 to 59 years 127 2.5%60 to 64 years 104 2.1%65 to 69 years 83 1.6%70 to 74 years 75 1.5%75 to 79 years 52 1.0%80 to 84 years 36 0.7%85 years and over 28 0.6%


16 years and over 1,624 32.0%18 years and over 1,529 30.2%21 years and over 1,425 28.1%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 334 6.6%65 years and over 274 5.4%

Female population 2,791 55.1%Under 5 years 200 3.9%5 to 9 years 197 3.9%10 to 14 years 213 4.2%15 to 19 years 217 4.3%20 to 24 years 162 3.2%25 to 29 years 161 3.2%30 to 34 years 173 3.4%35 to 39 years 155 3.1%40 to 44 years 158 3.1%45 to 49 years 170 3.4%50 to 54 years 195 3.8%55 to 59 years 162 3.2%60 to 64 years 130 2.6%65 to 69 years 140 2.8%70 to 74 years 100 2.0%75 to 79 years 100 2.0%80 to 84 years 77 1.5%85 years and over 81 1.6%


16 years and over 2,140 42.2%18 years and over 2,065 40.7%21 years and over 1,929 38.1%62 years and over 581 11.5%65 years and over 498 9.8%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 5,068 100.0%

One Race 5,024 99.1%White 1,704 33.6%Black or African American 3,252 64.2%American Indian and Alaska Native 15 0.3%Asian 26 0.5%

Asian Indian 10 0.2%Chinese 9 0.2%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 6 0.1%Other Asian 1 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 1 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 1 0.0%

Some Other Race 26 0.5%Two or More Races 44 0.9%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 4 0.1%White; Asian 3 0.1%White; Black or African American 12 0.2%White; Some Other Race 9 0.2%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 1,734 34.2%Black or African American 3,279 64.7%American Indian and Alaska Native 31 0.6%Asian 33 0.7%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 3 0.1%Some Other Race 36 0.7%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 5,068 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 102 2.0%Mexican 69 1.4%Puerto Rican 9 0.2%Cuban 1 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 23 0.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 4,966 98.0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 5,068 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 102 2.0%White alone 46 0.9%Black or African American alone 16 0.3%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 5 0.1%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 26 0.5%Two or More Races 9 0.2%

Not Hispanic or Latino 4,966 98.0%White alone 1,658 32.7%Black or African American alone 3,236 63.9%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 10 0.2%Asian alone 26 0.5%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 1 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 35 0.7%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 5,068 100.0%

In households 4,896 96.6%Householder 1,839 36.3%Spouse 638 12.6%Child 1,663 32.8%

Own child under 18 years 1,179 23.3%Other relatives 550 10.9%

Under 18 years 256 5.1%65 years and over 43 0.8%

Nonrelatives 206 4.1%Under 18 years 13 0.3%65 years and over 18 0.4%

Unmarried partner 97 1.9%

In group quarters 172 3.4%Institutionalized population 172 3.4%

Male 114 2.2%Female 58 1.1%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 1,839 100.0%

Family households (families) 1,281 69.7%With own children under 18 years 592 32.2%

Husband-wife family 638 34.7%With own children under 18 years 239 13.0%

Male householder, no wife present 93 5.1%With own children under 18 years 41 2.2%

Female householder, no husband present 550 29.9%With own children under 18 years 312 17.0%

Nonfamily households 558 30.3%Householder living alone 489 26.6%

Male 165 9.0%65 years and over 59 3.2%

Female 324 17.6%65 years and over 192 10.4%

Households with individuals under 18 years 723 39.3%Households with individuals 65 years and over 558 30.3%

Average household size 2.66 (X)Average family size 3.23 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 2,054 100.0%

Occupied housing units 1,839 89.5%Vacant housing units 215 10.5%

For rent 79 3.8%Rented, not occupied 4 0.2%For sale only 21 1.0%Sold, not occupied 2 0.1%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 20 1.0%All other vacants 89 4.3%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.1 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 8.5 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 1,839 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 988 53.7%Population in owner-occupied housing units 2,378 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.41 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 851 46.3%Population in renter-occupied housing units 2,518 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.96 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

BLAKELY ACS 2013-17 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Blakely Early County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2013-17 Profile BLAKELY

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

Family households (families) 1,095 ±121 65.9% ±5.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 459 ±102 27.6% ±5.7

Married-couple family 496 ±131 29.8% ±7.5With own children of the householder under 18 years 190 ±72 11.4% ±4.2

Male householder, no wife present, family 57 ±38 3.4% ±2.3With own children of the householder under 18 years 18 ±24 1.1% ±1.4

Female householder, no husband present, family 542 ±109 32.6% ±6.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 251 ±68 15.1% ±3.9

Nonfamily households 567 ±135 34.1% ±7.7Householder living alone 521 ±129 31.3% ±7.365 years and over 297 ±94 17.9% ±5.5

Households with one or more people under 18 years 611 ±101 36.8% ±5.3Households with one or more people 65 years and over 542 ±111 32.6% ±6.1

Average household size 2.75 ±0.23 (X) (X)Average family size 3.54 ±0.49 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 4,567 ±81 4,567 (X)

Householder 1,662 ±181 36.4% ±3.9Spouse 496 ±121 10.9% ±2.6Child 1,818 ±233 39.8% ±5.1Other relatives 462 ±164 10.1% ±3.6Nonrelatives 129 ±66 2.8% ±1.4

Unmarried partner 84 ±57 1.8% ±1.2

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 1,521 ±121 1,521 (X)

Never married 637 ±110 41.9% ±6.4Now married, except separated 518 ±120 34.1% ±7.4Separated 51 ±52 3.4% ±3.4Widowed 134 ±75 8.8% ±4.9Divorced 181 ±86 11.9% ±5.6

Females 15 years and over 1,976 ±136 1,976 (X)Never married 877 ±150 44.4% ±6.9Now married, except separated 524 ±155 26.5% ±7.6Separated 73 ±39 3.7% ±2.0Widowed 337 ±92 17.1% ±4.5Divorced 165 ±95 8.4% ±4.8

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

70 ±69 70 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 15 ±25 21.4% ±28.8Per 1,000 unmarried women 19 ±31 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 65 ±63 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±79 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 44 ±59 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 123 ±157 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

227 ±95 227 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 122 ±75 53.7% ±24.2Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±8.11 or 2 years 48 ±52 21.1% ±21.13 or 4 years 2 ±5 0.9% ±2.25 or more years 72 ±62 31.7% ±23.9

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

122 ±75 122 (X)

Who are female 70 ±48 57.4% ±17.4Who are married 99 ±67 81.1% ±23.0

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 1,383 ±152 1,383 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 88 ±60 6.4% ±4.3Kindergarten 194 ±78 14.0% ±5.4Elementary school (grades 1-8) 576 ±123 41.6% ±7.7High school (grades 9-12) 352 ±86 25.5% ±5.6College or graduate school 173 ±69 12.5% ±4.8

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 2,792 ±143 2,792 (X)

Less than 9th grade 239 ±85 8.6% ±3.09th to 12th grade, no diploma 332 ±108 11.9% ±3.8High school graduate (includes equivalency) 1,117 ±172 40.0% ±5.8Some college, no degree 467 ±122 16.7% ±4.3Associate’s degree 169 ±77 6.1% ±2.7Bachelor’s degree 300 ±101 10.7% ±3.6Graduate or professional degree 168 ±71 6.0% ±2.5

Percent high school graduate or higher 79.5% ±8.2 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 16.8% ±4.4 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 3,234 ±133 3,234 (X)

Civilian veterans 140 ±83 4.3% ±2.6

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 4,567 ±81 4,567 (X)With a disability 581 ±141 12.7% ±3.1

Under 18 years 1,464 ±169 1,464 (X)With a disability 51 ±53 3.5% ±3.6

18 to 64 years 2,469 ±203 2,469 (X)With a disability 216 ±105 8.7% ±4.2

65 years and over 634 ±112 634 (X)With a disability 314 ±78 49.5% ±8.7

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 4,692 ±42 4,692 (X)

Same house 4,407 ±150 93.9% ±3.1Different house in the U.S. 285 ±134 6.1% ±2.8

Same county 203 ±126 4.3% ±2.7Different county 82 ±44 1.7% ±0.9Same state 73 ±43 1.6% ±0.9Different state 9 ±10 0.2% ±0.2

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

Native 4,547 ±124 96.4% ±2.6Born in United States 4,547 ±243 96.4% ±5.1State of residence 3,916 ±190 83.0% ±4.0Different state 631 ±152 13.4% ±3.2

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3

Foreign born 170 ±121 3.6% ±2.6

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 170 ±121 170 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 45 ±45 26.5% ±18.6Not a U.S. citizen 125 ±83 73.5% ±71.6

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 170 ±121 170 (X)

Native 0 ±26 0 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 .% ±.Entered before 2010 0 ±23 .% ±.

Foreign born 170 ±121 170 (X)Entered 2010 or later 22 ±33 12.9% ±17.1Entered before 2010 148 ±78 87.1% ±77.2

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

170 ±121 170 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.6Asia 56 ±89 32.9% ±46.8Africa 51 ±67 30.0% ±33.1Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.6Latin America 63 ±51 37.1% ±14.3Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.6

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 4,348 ±78 4,348 (X)

English only 4,248 ±251 97.7% ±5.5Language other than English 100 ±89 2.3% ±2.1

Speak English less than ’very well’ 22 ±82 0.5% ±1.9Spanish 25 ±31 0.6% ±0.7Speak English less than ’very well’ 22 ±46 0.5% ±1.0

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±0.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±0.9

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±0.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±0.9

Other languages 75 ±78 1.7% ±1.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±0.9

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

American 585 ±260 12.4% ±5.5Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Dutch 7 ±13 0.1% ±0.3English 176 ±96 3.7% ±2.0French (except Basque) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3French Canadian 7 ±13 0.1% ±0.3German 32 ±24 0.7% ±0.5Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Irish 103 ±60 2.2% ±1.3Italian 4 ±7 0.1% ±0.1Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Polish 4 ±7 0.1% ±0.1Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Scotch-Irish 9 ±15 0.2% ±0.3Scottish 25 ±26 0.5% ±0.6Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Subsaharan African 51 ±67 1.1% ±1.4Swedish 9 ±15 0.2% ±0.3Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Welsh 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

With a computer 986 ±170 59.3% ±9.1With a broadband Internet subscription 848 ±155 51.0% ±8.4

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 3,436 ±122 3,436 (X)

In labor force 1,637 ±210 47.6% ±5.9Civilian labor force 1,637 ±210 47.6% ±5.9Employed 1,429 ±191 41.6% ±5.4Unemployed 208 ±123 6.1% ±3.6

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±1.7Not in labor force 1,799 ±246 52.4% ±6.9

Civilian labor force 1,637 ±210 1,637 (X)Unemployment Rate 12.7% ±7.4 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 1,930 ±134 1,930 (X)In labor force 903 ±161 46.8% ±7.7

Civilian labor force 903 ±161 46.8% ±7.7Employed 789 ±145 40.9% ±7.0

own children of the householder under 6 years 483 ±104 483 (X)All parents in family in labor force 324 ±143 67.1% ±25.9

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 870 ±132 870 (X)All parents in family in labor force 736 ±184 84.6% ±16.8

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 1,426 ±180 1,426 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 1,289 ±176 90.4% ±4.7Car, truck, or van – carpooled 93 ±55 6.5% ±3.8Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.9Walked 21 ±25 1.5% ±1.7Other means 23 ±32 1.6% ±2.2Worked at home 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.9

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 23.7 ±2.7 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,429 ±191 1,429 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 404 ±126 28.3% ±7.9Service occupations 209 ±67 14.6% ±4.3Sales and office occupations 362 ±103 25.3% ±6.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

185 ±80 12.9% ±5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 269 ±97 18.8% ±6.3

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,429 ±191 1,429 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 203 ±77 14.2% ±5.0Construction 83 ±50 5.8% ±3.4Manufacturing 162 ±78 11.3% ±5.2Wholesale trade 57 ±47 4.0% ±3.2Retail trade 144 ±68 10.1% ±4.6Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 67 ±52 4.7% ±3.6Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.3Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 44 ±41 3.1% ±2.9Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

73 ±52 5.1% ±2.9

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 390 ±119 27.3% ±2.9Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

100 ±55 7.0% ±3.7

Other services, except public administration 35 ±37 2.4% ±2.5Public administration 71 ±39 5.0% ±2.6

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,429 ±191 1,429 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 991 ±166 69.3% ±7.0Government workers 331 ±108 23.2% ±6.9Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 107 ±66 7.5% ±4.5Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.3

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INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)Less than $10,000 208 ±88 12.5% ±5.2$10,000 to $14,999 250 ±98 15.0% ±5.8$15,000 to $24,999 370 ±128 22.3% ±7.5$25,000 to $34,999 190 ±80 11.4% ±4.7$35,000 to $49,999 197 ±76 11.9% ±4.7$50,000 to $74,999 167 ±68 10.0% ±4.7$75,000 to $99,999 158 ±69 9.5% ±4.1$100,000 to $149,999 84 ±55 5.1% ±3.3$150,000 to $199,999 26 ±32 1.6% ±1.9$200,000 or more 12 ±19 0.7% ±1.1Median household income (dollars) 25,125 ±6,777 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 40,470 ±6,548 (X) (X)

With earnings 1,050 ±136 63.2% ±6.4Mean earnings (dollars) 45,073 ±8,960 (X) (X)

With Social Security 797 ±143 48.0% ±7.7Mean Social Security income (dollars) 15,685 ±1,710 (X) (X)

With retirement income 248 ±75 14.9% ±4.4Mean retirement income (dollars) 18,033 ±4,454 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 58 ±43 3.5% ±2.6Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 8,362 ±4,327 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 21 ±20 1.3% ±1.2Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 2,405 ±1,535 (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 583 ±122 35.1% ±6.8

Families 1,095 ±121 1,095 (X)Less than $10,000 119 ±65 10.9% ±5.8$10,000 to $14,999 77 ±67 7.0% ±6.1$15,000 to $24,999 294 ±122 26.8% ±10.7$25,000 to $34,999 123 ±61 11.2% ±5.5$35,000 to $49,999 124 ±55 11.3% ±4.9$50,000 to $74,999 119 ±64 10.9% ±5.8$75,000 to $99,999 117 ±63 10.7% ±5.6$100,000 to $149,999 84 ±55 7.7% ±5.0$150,000 to $199,999 26 ±32 2.4% ±2.9$200,000 or more 12 ±19 1.1% ±1.7Median family income (dollars) 32,556 ±12,076 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 47,400 ±9,890 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 15,292 ±2,199 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 567 ±135 567 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 14,827 ±4,595 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 25,841 ±4,639 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 23,479 ±3,065 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

39,479 ±7,821 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

22,870 ±5,417 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 4,567 ±81 4,567 (X)With health insurance coverage 3,679 ±282 80.6% ±6.0With private health insurance 1,701 ±271 37.2% ±5.9With public coverage 2,275 ±241 49.8% ±5.2No health insurance coverage 888 ±196 19.4% ±4.3

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 1,559 ±124 1,559 (X)No health insurance coverage 36 ±46 2.3% ±2.9

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 2,374 ±163 2,374 (X)In labor force: 1,449 ±166 1,449 (X)Employed: 1,282 ±174 1,282 (X)With health insurance coverage 1,030 ±166 80.3% ±7.0With private health insurance 947 ±169 73.9% ±8.6With public coverage 83 ±53 6.5% ±4.0No health insurance coverage 252 ±86 19.7% ±6.2

Unemployed: 167 ±97 167 (X)With health insurance coverage 64 ±45 38.3% ±15.2With private health insurance 16 ±23 9.6% ±12.6With public coverage 48 ±43 28.7% ±19.6No health insurance coverage 103 ±89 61.7% ±39.5

Not in labor force: 925 ±198 925 (X)With health insurance coverage 428 ±120 46.3% ±8.4With private health insurance 171 ±74 18.5% ±7.0With public coverage 281 ±130 30.4% ±12.5No health insurance coverage 497 ±176 53.7% ±15.2

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 31.4% ±6.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 41.1% ±8.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only57.6% ±20.9 (X) (X)

Married couple families 7.5% ±6.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 14.2% ±11.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±33.3 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 56.6% ±8.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 69.3% ±8.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only86.1% ±18.8 (X) (X)

All people 37.0% ±6.2 (X) (X)Under 18 years 51.8% ±7.7 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 51.8% ±9.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 62.3% ±15.1 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 48.3% ±11.2 (X) (X)

18 years and over 30.0% ±5.4 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 31.7% ±6.3 (X) (X)65 years and over 23.2% ±10.1 (X) (X)

People in families 36.2% ±6.8 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 41.2% ±7.4 (X) (X)

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Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,911 ±125 1,911 (X)

Occupied housing units 1,662 ±133 87.0% ±4.0Vacant housing units 249 ±87 13.0% ±4.5

Homeowner vacancy rate 0.0 ±1.4 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 6.8 ±5.1 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,911 ±125 1,911 (X)

1-unit, detached 1,320 ±168 69.1% ±7.51-unit, attached 8 ±16 0.4% ±0.82 units 59 ±42 3.1% ±2.23 or 4 units 173 ±65 9.1% ±3.35 to 9 units 24 ±30 1.3% ±1.610 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.720 or more units 15 ±15 0.8% ±0.8Mobile home 312 ±94 16.3% ±4.8Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,911 ±125 1,911 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Built 2010 to 2013 5 ±8 0.3% ±0.4Built 2000 to 2009 194 ±70 10.2% ±3.6Built 1990 to 1999 278 ±117 14.5% ±3.6Built 1980 to 1989 302 ±89 15.8% ±4.5Built 1970 to 1979 402 ±103 21.0% ±5.2Built 1960 to 1969 370 ±110 19.4% ±5.6Built 1950 to 1959 119 ±66 6.2% ±3.4Built 1940 to 1949 75 ±53 3.9% ±2.8Built 1939 or earlier 166 ±74 8.7% ±3.8

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,911 ±125 1,911 (X)

1 room 174 ±83 9.1% ±4.32 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.73 rooms 156 ±79 8.2% ±4.14 rooms 316 ±99 16.5% ±5.15 rooms 578 ±127 30.2% ±6.36 rooms 288 ±106 15.1% ±5.57 rooms 187 ±88 9.8% ±4.68 rooms 59 ±46 3.1% ±2.49 rooms or more 153 ±74 8.0% ±3.8Median rooms 5.0 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,911 ±125 1,911 (X)

No bedroom 174 ±83 9.1% ±4.31 bedroom 53 ±42 2.8% ±2.22 bedrooms 499 ±115 26.1% ±5.83 bedrooms 981 ±130 51.3% ±5.94 bedrooms 168 ±74 8.8% ±3.85 or more bedrooms 36 ±39 1.9% ±2.0

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HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

Owner-occupied 920 ±157 55.4% ±8.3Renter-occupied 742 ±146 44.6% ±8.0

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.36 ±0.54 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 3.23 ±0.79 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

Moved in 2015 or later 177 ±107 10.6% ±6.4Moved in 2010 to 2014 526 ±121 31.6% ±6.8Moved in 2000 to 2009 429 ±138 25.8% ±8.0Moved in 1990 to 1999 153 ±82 9.2% ±4.9Moved in 1980 to 1989 135 ±59 8.1% ±3.5Moved in 1979 or earlier 242 ±77 14.6% ±4.5

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

No vehicles available 160 ±88 9.6% ±5.21 vehicle available 725 ±171 43.6% ±9.72 vehicles available 441 ±121 26.5% ±7.03 or more vehicles available 336 ±106 20.2% ±6.2

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

Utility gas 330 ±132 19.9% ±7.8Bottled, tank, or LP gas 53 ±43 3.2% ±2.6Electricity 1,274 ±136 76.7% ±5.4Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8Wood 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8No fuel used 5 ±8 0.3% ±0.5

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.8No telephone service available 24 ±34 1.4% ±2.0

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,662 ±133 1,662 (X)

1.00 or less 1,467 ±220 88.3% ±11.21.01 to 1.50 60 ±37 3.6% ±2.21.51 or more 135 ±70 8.1% ±4.1

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 920 ±157 920 (X)

Less than $50,000 222 ±87 24.1% ±8.5$50,000 to $99,999 350 ±124 38.0% ±11.8$100,000 to $149,999 122 ±70 13.3% ±7.3$150,000 to $199,999 165 ±69 17.9% ±6.9$200,000 to $299,999 36 ±38 3.9% ±4.1$300,000 to $499,999 17 ±23 1.8% ±2.5$500,000 to $999,999 8 ±18 0.9% ±2.0$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±2.4Median (dollars) 83,300 ±11,226 (X) (X)

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MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 920 ±157 920 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 397 ±121 43.2% ±10.9Housing units without a mortgage 523 ±117 56.8% ±8.2

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 397 ±121 397 (X)

Less than $500 27 ±43 6.8% ±10.7$500 to $999 212 ±94 53.4% ±17.3$1,000 to $1,499 136 ±78 34.3% ±16.8$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.3$2,000 to $2,499 22 ±31 5.5% ±7.6$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.3$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±5.7Median (dollars) 953 ±78 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 523 ±117 523 (X)Less than $250 88 ±63 16.8% ±11.4$250 to $399 162 ±62 31.0% ±9.6$400 to $599 200 ±85 38.2% ±13.8$600 to $799 37 ±29 7.1% ±5.3$800 to $999 28 ±31 5.4% ±5.8$1,000 or more 8 ±32 1.5% ±6.1Median (dollars) 408 ±42 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

397 ±129 397 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 120 ±71 30.2% ±15.020.0 to 24.9 percent 38 ±38 9.6% ±9.025.0 to 29.9 percent 38 ±35 9.6% ±8.230.0 to 34.9 percent 10 ±12 2.5% ±2.935.0 percent or more 191 ±94 48.1% ±17.7

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

505 ±128 505 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 169 ±77 33.5% ±12.710.0 to 14.9 percent 114 ±64 22.6% ±11.315.0 to 19.9 percent 43 ±35 8.5% ±6.620.0 to 24.9 percent 50 ±32 9.9% ±5.825.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.630.0 to 34.9 percent 40 ±29 7.9% ±5.435.0 percent or more 89 ±55 17.6% ±10.0


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 683 ±143 683 (X)

Less than $500 225 ±99 32.9% ±12.8$500 to $999 358 ±127 52.4% ±15.0$1,000 to $1,499 100 ±63 14.6% ±8.7$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.9$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.9$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.9$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.7Median (dollars) 623 ±74 (X) (X)

No rent paid 59 ±56 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

620 ±163 620 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 49 ±36 7.9% ±5.515.0 to 19.9 percent 131 ±78 21.1% ±11.320.0 to 24.9 percent 42 ±42 6.8% ±6.525.0 to 29.9 percent 133 ±70 21.5% ±9.830.0 to 34.9 percent 24 ±37 3.9% ±5.935.0 percent or more 241 ±105 38.9% ±13.5


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

Male 2,079 ±135 44.1% ±2.9Female 2,638 ±133 55.9% ±2.8Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 78.8 ±3.2 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 369 ±79 7.8% ±1.75 to 9 years 510 ±108 10.8% ±2.310 to 14 years 341 ±113 7.2% ±2.415 to 19 years 389 ±117 8.2% ±2.520 to 24 years 316 ±108 6.7% ±2.325 to 34 years 488 ±96 10.3% ±2.035 to 44 years 457 ±137 9.7% ±2.945 to 54 years 561 ±155 11.9% ±3.355 to 59 years 258 ±67 5.5% ±1.460 to 64 years 332 ±87 7.0% ±1.865 to 74 years 405 ±111 8.6% ±2.475 to 84 years 174 ±62 3.7% ±1.385 years and over 117 ±53 2.5% ±1.1

Median age (years) 33.5 ±4.3 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 1,483 ±196 31.4% ±4.216 years and over 3,436 ±122 72.8% ±2.618 years and over 3,234 ±317 68.6% ±6.721 years and over 3,070 ±307 65.1% ±6.562 years and over 913 ±153 19.4% ±3.265 years and over 696 ±138 14.8% ±2.9

18 years and over 3,234 ±317 3,234 (X)Male 1,442 ±211 44.6% ±4.9Female 1,792 ±237 55.4% ±4.9Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 80.5 ±5.1 (X) (X)

65 years and over 696 ±138 696 (X)Male 285 ±98 40.9% ±11.5Female 411 ±97 59.1% ±7.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 69.3 ±17.3 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

One race 4,692 ±50 99.5% ±0.9Two or more races 25 ±43 0.5% ±0.9One race 4,692 ±50 99.5% ±0.9

White 1,518 ±237 32.2% ±5.0Black or African American 2,981 ±247 63.2% ±5.2American Indian and Alaska Native 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.1Cherokee tribal grouping 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.1Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3

Asian 56 ±89 1.2% ±1.9Asian Indian 56 ±89 1.2% ±1.9Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±0.4Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±1.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±0.8

Some other race 134 ±106 2.8% ±2.2Two or more races 25 ±43 0.5% ±0.9

White and Black or African American 25 ±43 0.5% ±0.9White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

White 1,543 ±247 32.7% ±5.2Black or African American 3,006 ±240 63.7% ±5.1American Indian and Alaska Native 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.1Asian 56 ±89 1.2% ±1.9Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Some other race 134 ±106 2.8% ±2.2

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 4,717 ±27 4,717 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 134 ±106 2.8% ±2.2Mexican 134 ±106 2.8% ±2.2Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±0.6

Not Hispanic or Latino 4,583 ±113 97.2% ±2.3White alone 1,518 ±237 32.2% ±5.0Black or African American alone 2,981 ±247 63.2% ±5.2American Indian and Alaska Native alone 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.1Asian alone 56 ±89 1.2% ±1.9Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Two or more races 25 ±43 0.5% ±0.9Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.3Two races excluding Some other race, and 25 ±43 0.5% ±0.9Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 3,109 ±202 3,109 (X)

Male 1,382 ±137 44.5% ±3.3Female 1,727 ±149 55.5% ±3.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-17 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2013-2017 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Blakely - Georgia Cities · Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 Demographic Proﬁles? The short answer is that the 2010 Census form

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