DEMOCRACY VS. COMMUNISM UNITED STATES VS. SOVIET UNION
DEMOCRACY VS. COMMUNISM
UNITED STATES VS. SOVIET UNION
CONTAIN COMMUNISM TRUMAN DOCTRINE: $400m to help
Greece and Turkey- help people resist communism
MARSHALL PLAN aka
EUROPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM (ERP) Stop the spread of Communism July 1947 and operated for 4 years 13 billion $$$ to rebuild Europe after WWII Offered to S.U. but rejected because they had to
make political reforms and accept outside controls
CONTAIN COMMUNISM CONT. WWII ENDS- Sept 1945
COLD WAR- 1945-1991 DEMOCRACY (U.S) VS. COMMUNISM (U.S.S.R)
TRUMAN DOCTRINE- MARCH 1947-1950 $400 MILLION TO GREECE AND TURKEY “…it must be the policy of the United States to
support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
MARSHALL PLAN- JUNE 1947-1951 “…not against any country or doctrine but against
hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.”
CONTAIN COMMUNISM N.A.T.O.: North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
defensive military alliance between W. European nations, U.S. and Canada. 1st time in history the U.S. entered into a military alliance during peacetime.
WARSAW PACT: alliance between communist countries in E. Europe.
CONTAINMENT: STOP the spread of communism.
Iron Curtain: term created by Churchill: invisible wall that separated E (communism) and W (democracy) Europe
BERLIN AIRLIFTJune 1948 – May 1949 first major international crises of the COLD WAR. Stalin blockades access to W. Berlin. 327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies airlifted to West Berlin. May 1949 Stalin lifted blockade and Democracy is maintained
CHINA
MAO ZEDONG•$$$$ FROM U.S.S.R•COMMUNIST•PROMISED LAND TO PEASANTS•IMPLEMENTED LITERACY & FOOD PROGRAMS•STRONG MILITARY EXPERIENCE •EXPERIENCED AND STRONG LEADERSHIP
CHIANG KAI-SHEK•$$$$ FROM U.S. •NATIONALIST•HIGH INFLATION•FAILING ECONOMY•WEAK LEADERSHIP•POOR MORAL•EXTREMELY CORRUPT GOVERNMENT
KOREAN WAR: JUNE 1950-JULY 1953 Korea was controlled by Japan from 1910 to 1945
End of WWII: Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to SU troops:
SU took control of NORTH Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US
troops: US took control of SOUTH At the end of WWII, US withdrew most troops and the SU
concluded that the US would not defend the territory. June 25, 1950 North Korean forces attacked South
Korea; the conflict that followed became known as the Korean War.
The U.N. agreed to help: 16 nations sent 520,000 troops to aid S. Korea and troops were led by General Douglas MacArthur
KOREA IS A PENISULA OFF OF CHINA 38TH PARALLEL- LINE THAT
DIVIDES COMMUNIST NORTH KOREAFROM DEMOCRATIC SOUTH KOREA
McCarthyism•Most famous anti-communist activist•“Communist Witch-hunt”•Ineffective legislator needed issue to win re-election•Attacked and accused people without evidence• McCarthy claims Communists in State Department and U.S. Army: resulted in nationally televised investigation•Joseph McCarthy was seen as bully and was alienated by senate and public
Cuba: REVOLUTION 1956-1959
Guerilla movement
Fidel Castro leader US recognizes
new government Conflicts with US
led Castro to rely
On USSR for
support
BAY OF PIGS:CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba. April 1961 1300 to 1500 Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba to overthrow government. US paid Castro $53 million in food and medical supplies for release of hostages
The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962SOVIETS set up missiles in CubaAimed at U.S. US responded by setting up missiles in Turkey aimed at SU. Both nations removed missiles: CLOSEST THE U.S. AND U.S.S.R CAME TO ACTUAL WAR
KHRUSHCHEV VS. KENNEDY
VIETNAM WAR
North: Communist North and Viet Cong South: US and Democracy GOAL: STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA 1968: TET OFFENSIVE led by North Viet Cong’s largest and most damaging campaign of
the war Encouraged Anti-War protests throughout the
United States COLLEGE CAMPUSES PUSH TO END DRAFT DEMANDED THE REMOVAL ALL AMERICAN TROOPS
FROM VIETNAM