David Bergvinson Presented at NAAS 2015 Silver Jubilee Lecture 3 June 2015 Demand-Driven Innovation in Agriculture: Creating Economic Opportunity for Smallholder Farmers and Nutritional Security for Consumers ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
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Demand-Driven innovation in agriculture: Creating economic opportunity for smallholder farmers and nutritional security for consumers
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David Bergvinson
Presented at NAAS 2015Silver Jubilee Lecture3 June 2015
Demand-Driven Innovation in Agriculture: Creating Economic Opportunity for Smallholder Farmers and Nutritional Security for Consumers
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
ICRISAT | 2
What Is and What Drives Demand-Driven Innovation In Agriculture?
Innovation
Climate
Change
Consumer Awareness
Sustainable Intensification
HumanitarianGoals
Demand-driven innovation (DDI) integrates information, priorities and needs of farmers in the design, development and delivery of farmer- and consumer-preferred products, knowledge and services
Potential effect of climate-change-induced heat stress on today’s cultivars (intermediate CO2 emission scenario)
Year
Marianne Banziger, CIMMYT, 2012
ICRISAT | 4
Current realities in developing countries. . . Agronomic Dynamics
Smallholder farmers in South Asia are facing higher input costs and lower market value for produce and facing increased climate and market variability – this is even more challenging for woman farmers
• For nutritional security to be realized:
• Increase rate of genetic gain in staple crops by 50%
• Ecological intensification
• Diet diversity increased while increasing nutrition-per-drop
• Manage risk and economic opportunity
• We need to realize gains with same land, less water, nutrients, fossil fuel and labor
• All of this needs to get done against the backdrop of climate change
Biodiversity loss, Nitrogen cycle and climate change are various parameters has reached beyond its permissible threshold at planetary scale
Living within the ecological limits of the plant. . . Agronomic Dynamics
ICRISAT | 5
Foley et al, Nature, 2009
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Narrowing diversity of our food system is having an impact on nutrition and health
Consumer Awareness
For nutritional security to be realized:
• Diet diversity to be increased
• Manage risk and economic opportunity
• Realize gains with same land, less water, nutrients, fossil fuel and labor – Smart Foods – e.g. Nutri-cereals
• Empowering women and girls –e.g. First 1000 days campaign
Khoury et al. (2014) PNAS 111:4001-4006
ICRISAT | 7
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be replacing the MDGs in 2016
• Goal 1 – End poverty in all its forms everywhere
• Goal 2 – End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Humanitarian Goals
ICRISAT | 8
Public-Private-Producer Partnerships (PPPPs) are key in supporting demand-driven innovation in Agriculture
• Engaging farmers early and often in the design, development and delivery of scientific outputs will result in higher rates of adoption of farmer- and consumer-preferred technologies
• Participatory approaches to research can compress product development cycles and create awareness and demand
• PPPPs will play a critical role in feeding 9.6 billion people by 2050 in a sustainable manner – financially, socially, environmentally
• Key challenges: aligned goals, triple wins, trust, enabling environment, governance (including ‘big data’), agency to women and making agriculture a viable business for youth
PPPPs – The missing link ?
PPPPs – An engine to Innovate
• Designing global programs that are locally relevant and socially equitable
• PPPP for scaling / feedback for demand-driven innovation
• Agile science and policy support to respond to rapid changes in climate, markets and societal needs while living within the ecological boundaries of the planet
Monitoring, Learning, Evaluation
NAAS Network
Cross-cutting issues
Mainstreaming nutrition
Empowering women – women are
consulted, involved and supported to lead
Attracting youth to agriculture
Approach for AdoptionParticipatory approach and partnering – working side by side
Building capacity – at a national and local level
Integrating communications - to build awareness and share knowledge
Monitoring and evaluation – for feedback and adjustment
Policy support – work closely with government to encourage the needed policies
A holistic approach to demand-driveninnovation
Analyzingkey problems
and
opportunities
Managing
soil and water
CropImprovement
& seed
access
Drivingmarket
development
Facilitating market
access
Introducing
processing
Developing on-farm
practices and
technologies
Diversifying
farms
STRASA
Boundarypartners
Leadfarmers
Broadercommunity
STRASA built a large network of delivery partners capable of identifying and equipping lead farmers …
… who rapidly mobilized others in their community to adopt new varieties, thereby motivating seed companies to produce, promote and distribute improved varieties
DDI Example 1 – Stress tolerant rice
Lead farmers have interest and capacity to assist others in community, are influential and trusted, and can take risk with testing new technologies
Boundary partners are community based NGOs & government extension system with aligned goals
SOURCE: PO interviews
Participatory Variety Selection – asking the farm family what they want in a new rice variety
Swarna Swarna-sub1
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CropImprovement
& seed
access
… and created feedback loops that both facilitate rapid scale up and enhance ongoing R&D and delivery efforts
“Participatory variety
selection”
“Dissemination”
▪ Improve product development by listening to farmers
▪ Accelerate adoption at launch by visualizing demand early at community level
▪ Stimulate informal supply networks by incentivizing farmers to produce seed and help match supply and demand
▪ Catalyze early policy change by using strong farmer demand to put pressure on government to create enabling environment
▪ Accelerate scale up by leveraging nodes of influence to deliver information and products to large numbers of farmers
▪ Reduce reliance on public extension system for broad and rapid delivery; can bring extension on board for scale up
▪ Improve future R&D by gathering market intelligence based on feedback from farmers (e.g., detailed farmer segmentation and targeting)
Researchers Lead farmersBroader
community
Technology
Feedback
Knowledge &
Products
Feedback
Impact
▪ Shorter product development cycles generating superior technologies (~3x faster timeline from R&D to on farm adoption)
▪ Faster adoption and scale up by farmers
▪ Faster diffusion across state governments
▪ Accelerated progress on complementary public sector efforts (e.g., National Food Security Mission)
Benefits
SOURCE: PO interviews 12
Lessons learned from projects that achieved delivery at scale
Accelerate trait introgression into farmer-preferred varietiesMove a highly desirable trait (e.g., submergence tolerance) into a widely accepted variety to accelerate product delivery
Variety targetingLeverage digital technology (e.g., geo-spatial mapping tools) to improve targeting and to prioritize trait development
Seed RoadmapsDevelop tools to systematically define market opportunities, product profiles and volumes needed to achieve target adoption; identify strategic partners for production; lay out timelines for delivery
Participatory Variety Selection Grow limited but diverse set of improved varieties under local conditions and let farmers select what variety is most appropriate
Strategic and valued partnerships in the public, private and civil society sectors Identify partners along the product development and delivery value chain and engage them early
Nodes of knowledge Identify and empower local leaders within the farm community to demonstrate, provide feedback and deliver appropriate technologies
Building a movement through the media and farmer testimonials Stories told from the perspective of farmers tend to be the most effective in building support and awareness at all levels – especially the government
Aligning with government initiatives National, state and local governments supporting farmers through various programs can help scale up new technologies – pride of local ownership is important
Real-time MLEUse digital tools to support real-time tracking of outcomes to optimize resource allocation, increase transparency and support rapid cycle research for development
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Accelerated varietal release and pre-release promotion Coordinated with research institutions and government for early release. Organized large scale pre-release seed multiplication and dissemination to ensure seed availability and fulfilling demand upon commercial release
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DDI Example 2 - Soil Mapping as an entry point under Bhoochetana
• Stagnant agricultural growth 2001-08 in Karnataka
• 70% agriculture is rainfed
• Vast untapped potential
Managingsoil and water
- Increased crop yield by 2066%
- Covered 3.1 m ha and benefitted 3.6 m families
- Contributed to rise in agriculture growth annually above 5% since 2009
- Benefit cost ratio for the farmers 3 to 14:1
- Net benefits accrued in 4 years Rs. 1268 Crores
ICRISAT | 15
Cloud-based business intelligence tools are now used to accelerate and integrate farmer preferred technologies
• Mobile Data Collection (MDC)
• On-farm trials
• Market intelligence
• Business Intelligence to support farm planning and practices
• Seed companies use mobile money to reduce costs; ensure product integrity
• Farmers are using mobile money to pay for seed and fertilizer
Key Enablers : ICT Tools Being Used
Challenges:• Valuation of farm data• Literacy and UI to support knowledge
exchange and decisions at farm level• Personal Identification Information• Big Data Governance• Reliable and affordable connectivity
in rural areas• Lack of high quality GIS data • Spatial Data Infrastructure is weak• Capacity building
End-user demand
Value chain assessment framework
Inputs and farmer servicesProcessing and access to markets
Research and development
Improved genetics & repro-duction
Animal genetics systems
Feed and Fodder1
Livestock production manage-ment2
Vaccine/ drugs/diagnostics development
Discovery Research
Aggregation, Storage
Animal health systems
Knowledge exchange
Co
un
try-
leve
l va
lue
ch
ain
st
ep
s
Crop improve-ment
Inputs and farmer servicesPost-harvest and access to markets
Research and development
Agronomic research
SoilHealth
Farm manage-ment
Seed systems
Know-ledge ex-change
Conditioning, Storage, Aggregation
Processing/ Value Addition
Crops
Co
un
try-
leve
l va
lue
ch
ain
st
ep
s
Multi-value chain national policies
Data, country strategies, business intelligence
Value chain-specific regulations – grades and standards, phyto-sanitary,
Environment
Partnerships and community ownership
Enab
ling
En
viro
nm
ent
Infrastructure, transport/logistics
Finance & insurance
Ou
tco
mes
fo
r
sust
ain
able
p
rod
uct
ivit
y an
d
livel
iho
od
s
Nutrition
Livestock
End-user demand
Processing
Enab
lers
fo
r ch
ange
Water-shed
Digital Agriculture
Capacity building
Inclusiveness and genderEconomic returns
Po
licie
san
dd
ata
Discovery Research
ICRISAT | 17
Mobile technology is now used to support the smallholder farmer knowledge exchange and market integration
• Mobile phones have increased farmers access to equitable markets and consumers
• Mobile phones are being used for traceability to support price premiums for locally grown food
• Tailored information and videos offers new opportunities to train women and youth about agriculture