1 DELIVERABLE 6.3 Handouts from 3 dissemination events available Grant Agreement number: 308549 Project acronym: HYDROWEEE DEMO Project title: Innovative Hydrometallurgical Process to recover Metals from WEEE including lamps and batteries - Demonstration FUNDING Scheme: Collaborative Project Delivery date: September 2016 Deliverable number: 6.3 Workpackage number: 6 Lead participant: ISL Nature: R Dissemination level: PU Author(s): Dr. Bernd Kopacek Project co-ordinator: Dr. Bernd Kopacek, ISL – Kopacek KG Tel: +43-1-298 20 20 Fax: E-mail: [email protected]Project website: http://www.sat-research.at/hydroWEEE/ www.resoutech.com
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1
DELIVERABLE 6.3
Handouts from 3 dissemination events available
Grant Agreement number: 308549 Project acronym: HYDROWEEE DEMO
Project title: Innovative Hydrometallurgical Process to recover Metals from WEEE including lamps and batteries - Demonstration
FUNDING Scheme: Collaborative Project
Delivery date: September 2016
Deliverable number: 6.3
Workpackage number: 6
Lead participant: ISL
Nature: R
Dissemination level: PU
Author(s): Dr. Bernd Kopacek
Project co-ordinator: Dr. Bernd Kopacek, ISL – Kopacek KG
3 THIRD DISSEMINATION – HydroWEEE Demo dissemination event, Alexandria,
Romania ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Summary The following document contains the four dissemination events of the HydroWEEE Demo project. It includes agendas and the participants of the dissemination events. All power point presentations shown during the three dissemination events are either available on the webpage or can be requested at ISL because of the size of files. CARE INNOVATION 2014 in Vienna (Austria) was used to report the intermediary findings to the industrial community. This 4 day event followed a series of nine conferences based in several countries over the last 18 years. It is the world leading and most prominent con-gress series on electr(on)ics and the environment. Two dedicated HydroWEEE Demo dissemination events have been organized in order to demonstrate both industrial-like plants. The first event to show our stationary plant took place at Relight close to Milano (Italy), the second to show our mobile plant at Greentronics in Alexandria (Romania). And finally Electronics Goes Green 2016 conference has been used to disseminate the final results after pilot trials. In this conference we again had an own HydroWEEE Demo session.
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1 FIRST DISSEMINATION – CARE INNOVATION 2014, Vi-
enna, Austria Dissemination: CARE INOVATION 2014
Date: November 17-20, 2014
Location: Schoenbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria (http://ci2014.care-electronics.net/ )
Participants: 427
1.1 Agenda The 10th Going Green – CARE INNOVATION 2014 conference took place from November 17-20, 2014 in the Schoenbrunn Palace Conference Center in Vienna, Austria.
With a wide range of experts from industry (again more than 60%), academia, NGOs and policy the Going Green – CARE INNOVATION 2014 conference gave valuable insights how the electronics industry, science and policy approach the global challenges of sustain-ability and climate change. Legislative actions, higher efficiency, less resource consump-tion, new approaches towards sustainable development and reuse were other key topics.
The HydroWEEE Demo sessions took place on Wednesday, November 19, between 08.30 and 13.00 o’clock.
2.3. HydroWEEE: Innovative Hydrometallurgical Processes to recover critical metals from WEEE
Chair: F. Veglio, Univ. L´Aquila, IT
Introduction to HydroWEEE Demo B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
Recovery of precious and critical metals from Spent Lamps and Cathode Ray Tubes V. Innocenzi, M. Centofanti, F. Vegliò, Univ. of L´Aquila, IT; I. DeMichelis, EcoRecycling, IT
Recovery of precious and critical metals from Liquid Crystal Displays F. Beolchini, L. Rocchetti, A. Amato, V. Fonti,,Univ. of Marche, IT; S. Ubaldini, CNRS, IT; I. De Michelis, F. Veglió, Univ. of L’Aquila, IT; B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
Hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards for Cu, Au and Ag recovery I. Birloaga, F. Veglió, Univ. of L´Aquila, IT; I. De Michelis, EcoRecycling, IT; B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
Recovery of precious and critical metals from End-of-Life Batteries, such as Lithium ones. F. Pagnanelli, E. Moscardini, P. Altimari, T. Abo Atia, L. Toro, Sapienza Univ. of Rome, IT
Recovery of precious and critical metals from catalysts F. Veglio, V. Innocenzi, F. Ferrante, University of L´Aquila, IT; I. De Michelis, EcoRecycling, IT
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2.7. HydroWEEE: Innovative Hydrometallurgical Processes to recover critical metals from WEEE
Chair: F. Veglio, Univ. L´Aquila, IT
Design and construction of the stationary and hydrometallurgical plants for the recovery of metals from WEEE P. Altimari, I. De Michelis, L. Toro, EcoRecycling, IT; F. Beolchini, Univ. of Marche, IT; B. Ferrari, S. Giorgetti, Relight, IT;
V. Innocenzi, Univ. of L´Aquila, IT; B. Kopacek, ISL, AT; E. Moscardini, F. Pagnanelli, Sapienza Univ. of Rome, IT; N. Panjevac, Mihailo Pupin, RS
Plant Automation for Hydrometallurgical Process of Material Recovery from WEEE N. Panjevac, M. Stojanovic, Mihailo Pupin, RS; B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
Automated disassembly of components from Printed Circuit Boards P. Kopacek, B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
Urban Mining of Rare Earths in WEEE: A Successful Experience with the stationary plant B. Ferrari, S. Giorgetti, S. Sgarioto, F. Bacchetta, Relight, IT; D. Romilio, Univ. of L´Aquila, IT
Introduction to Greentronics and practical experiences with the pilot plant D. Modoran, Greentronics, RO
Next Steps in HydroWEEE Demo and the ResouTech offer
B. Kopacek, ISL, AT
1.2 Participants
Family Name First Name Company Country
Abdulquadry Ademola Yaba College of Technology Nigeria
Abimbola Stephen Kwara State Ministry of Education Nigeria
Abrams Fern IPC USA
Acharya Jitendra Sajha Foundation-Nepal Nepal
Adam Andreas OSRAM Germany
Adewumi Ife Niger Delta University Nigeria
Aerts Maurice Philips Lighting Netherlands
Agyekum Esther earth charter ghana Ghana
Agyekum Ansah ebe ghana limited Ghana
Ahto Riitta Nokia Finland
Aionesei Cristian Greentronics Romania
Ajibola Folorunsho Nigeria
Aleksic Slavisa Vienna Univ. of Technology Austria
Al-Gobbi Makki Royal Commission at Yanbu Saudi Arabia
Alhilali Smail UNIDO Austria
Altimari Pietro Eco Recycling Italy
Alves Edison Attos Brazil
Alzhanova Nurzhan KazNU Kazakhstan
Andrae Anders Huawei Sweden
Angelopoulos Georgios BIANATT Greece
Ansems Toon TNO Netherlands
Antrekowitsch Helmut Montan Univ. Leoben Austria
Arfwidsson Tove Siemens Switzerland
Arranz Pol Trama Tecnoambiental Spain
Auer Johannes Siemens Germany
Auer Rudolf Apple Germany
Awad Abanob Austria
Bacchetta Federica Relight Italy
Bachmann Erik SAP Germany
Bader Bill iNEMI USA
Bakker Conny TU Delft Netherlands
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Balestra Riccardo SC Sviluppo Chimica Italy
Balkenende Ruud Philips Netherlands
Barman Subrata IFC India
Bastin David University of Liege Belgium
Bauer Gerhard Austria
Bayisa Beyene Wageningen University Netherlands
Bengt Petersen Poul Ragn-Sells Recyclables Sweden
Beolchini Francesca Univ. Politecnica delle Marche Italy
Birloaga Ionela Univ. of L'Aquila Italy
Bisselink Roel TNO Netherlands
Blanes Guàrdia Mireia FAE Spain
Bocher Christina DEKRA Consulting Germany
Boden Tomiko Japan
Bodenhoefer Karl Sony Germany Germany
Böni Heinz Empa Switzerland
Bookhagen Britta IASS Potsdam Germany
Borrman Jeff Datec Technologies United Kingdom
Bracke Stefan Univ. of Wuppertal Germany
Brady Todd Intel USA
Braithwaite Naomi Nottingham Trent Univ. United Kingdom
Branderhorst Alexander Coolrec Netherlands
Brandstötter Michael CogVis Austria
Brock Andrew RIO Tronics USA
Brotto Gianluca Electrolux Sweden
Buchhöcker Harald WWV Group Austria
Busk Christina Confederation of Danish Industry Denmark
Carencotte Frederic Solvay Rhodia France
Centofanti Marcello Univ. of L'Aquila Italy
Cesme Mustafa University Turkey
Chan Pheng Hwa Sony Electronics Asia Pacific Singapore
Chen Jahau Lewis National Cheng Kung Univ. Taiwan
Chin Hiroshi Univ. of Tokyo Japan
Cimpan Ciprian Univ. of Southern Denmark Denmark
Clavell Janire TU Berlin Germany
Colangelo Eduardo Univ. Stuttgart IFF Germany
Colledani Marcello Politecnico di Milano Italy
Comanescu Brindus Optoel Romania
Cooper Andrew ITRI United Kingdom
Corridori Riccardo COCIR Belgium
Couckuyt Benedicte HERMION Netherlands
Dahmus Jeffrey Apple USA
Dann Lucas PE International Germany
Dean Lisa ENVIRON International United Kingdom
Dettke Jochen DEKRA Consulting Germany
Detzel Thomas Infoneon Germany
Dimitrova Gergana Fraunhofer IZM Germany
Döfnas Per Ericsson Sweden
Domingo Lucie Univ. of Bath United Kingdom
Donovan Leo WEEE Ireland Ireland
Doveil Frida FRAGILE Italy
Dresch Patrícia Inst. Nac. de Tecnologia Brazil
Driessen Marinus HERMION Netherlands
Dumortier Thierry Enhesa Belgium
Dvorak-Miyata Yuko Enhesa Belgium
Dziedzic Sylwia Politechnika Rzeszowska Poland
Eberl Hans-Christian European Commission Belgium
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Ebert Thomas Apple Germany
Eboko Atekesanze Marie Paul Univ. du Moyen Lualaba de Kalima Congo
Eckerth Gregor agiplan Germany
Edlund Ivo Elektronikåtervinning i Sverige Sweden
Egia Albizuri Amaia IRSA Spain
Eisenriegler Sepp R.U.S.Z Austria
Emeka Dunkwu lasu Romania
Escriña Lopez Juan Carlos Tecnicas Reunidas Spain
Faast Thomas UFH Austria
Fakhredin Farzaneh Delft Univ. of Technology Netherlands
Feickert Stefan SAP Germany
Fennemann Verena European Commission Belgium
Ferrari Bibiana Relight Italy
Fischer Thomas Sony Deutschland Germany
Fitzpatrick Colin University of Limerick Ireland
Folakunle George Stamford International University Thailand
Fraticelli Alicia Apple USA
Freire Cristina Apple Netherlands
Frisbee Robert Green Electronics Council USA
Fröhlich Georg Electrocycling Germany
Fujimoto Jun AIST Japan
Furukawa Hiroyuki Panasonic Japan
Gacon Matthieu Safran Group - Sagem France
Gadal Baburam Integrated Rural Development Center Egypt
Galindo Carbajo Angel Tecnicas Reunidas Spain
Gans - Combe Caroline Reihoo France
Gantner Oliver Univ. of Augsburg Germany
Ghimire Karuna Kar K&K International Trading Company pvt.ltd Nepal
Giorgetti Silvia Relight Italy
Girling Jordan ENVIRON UK United Kingdom
Go Hyejeong Samsung Electronics Korea South
Gomolla Peter CCR Logistics Systems Germany
Grieger Sven EARN Elektrogeräte Service Germany
Grobe Klaus ADVA Optical Networking Germany
Guarde Dorleta Indumetal Recycling Spain
Gupta Deepanshu Okaya Power India
Gutwinski Thomas Gutwinski Management Austria
Guzzo Rob Apple USA
Hadl Sabine ERP Austria Austria
Hamaekers Sep Ondeo Netherlands
Handwerker Carol Purdue University USA
Hara Minako NTT Japan
Harris Christopher Ecodesign Centre PDR United Kingdom
Harris Eric ISRI USA
Hashem Essam Spearink Egypt
Hayashi Hidetaka EcoDeNet Japan
Hedin Thomas Lenovo Sweden
Helms Rasmussen Marie VELUX Denmark
Henien Florian Austria
Herbeck Elisabeth UNIDO Austria
Herrmann Constantin PE International Germany
Hieronymi Klaus Hewlett-Packard Germany
Hofmann Lothar Austria
Hök Frida ChemSec Sweden
Holdway Rob giraffe innovation ltd United Kingdom
Holdway Rob Giraffe Innovation United Kingdom
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Holmes Corinne Microsoft USA
Holzhauer Ralf Westfälische Hochschule Germany
Horatius Ojong Berd Cameroon
Horvath Christof SAT Austria
Høst-Madsen Niels Karim NIRAS Denmark
Howland Grace Environment Canada Canada
Hu Allen H. National Taipei Univ. of Technology Taiwan
Huang Lance H. National Taipei Univ. of Technology Taiwan
Stimpson Howard ENVIRON International United Kingdom
Stojanovic Mihajlo Inst. Mihajlo Pupin Serbia
Strýček Marián Slovakia
Stutz Markus Dell Germany
Sun Zhi TU Delft Netherlands
Sundin Mårten El-Kretsen Sweden
Sweatman Andrew PE International Australia
Szita Tothne Klara Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary
Tadros Beshoy Austria
Takezawa Hiroaki Panasonic Japan
Talens Peiró Laura DG JRC-IES Italy
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Tamus Zoltán Ádám Budapest Univ. Hungary
Tan Hooi Hong Sony Deutschland Germany
Tanaka Kenji Univ. of Tokyo Japan
Tange Lein ICL-IP EUROPE Netherlands
Tanskanen Pia Nokia Finland
Teh Soo Tyng Nets Printwork Malaysia
Teh Leong Sim Nets Printwork Sdn Bhd Malaysia
Terry Johanna 1cc Germany
Thapa Kishor Kathmandu University Nepal
Thomas Sylvie Lexmark France
Tigges Daniel UL Environment USA
Toro Luigi EcoRecycling Italy
Turnbull Aidan BOMcheck United Kingdom
Uebelhoer Karin Siemens Germany
Ulmer Joachim Lombardi & Grünbauer Germany
Umeda Yasushi University of Tokyo Japan
Umehara Kana Univ. of Tokyo Japan
Unterluggauer Mariann ORF Austria
van den Nieuwenhof Monique TNO Netherlands
van der Wel Hans Philips Healthcare Netherlands
van Erkel Joost TNO Netherlands
van Gijlswijk René TNO Netherlands
van Kleef Marc TNO Netherlands
van Meensel Wesley imec Belgium
van Schaik Antoinette MARAS Netherlands
Vandendaelen Alexis Umicore Belgium
Vanegas Paul KU Leuven Belgium
Vânia Mori Vânia Mori Inst. Nac. de Tecnologia Brazil
Vartolomei Andra SAT Austria
Vašina Jozef Elektro Recycling Slovakia
Vaughan-Williams Victoria Environment Agency United Kingdom
Vautier Marc Orange France
Vazirani Rakesh TUV Rheinland Hong Kong
Veglio Francesco Univ. of L'Aquila Italy
Verschuere Klaus Cisco Belgium
Vidorreta Itziar GAIA Spain
Villarroel Tatiana Altran Netherlands
Visser Jan Jacomij Netherlands
Vojinovic Tanja Austria
Vojinovic Daniela Austria
von Angerer Andreas oekom research Germany
Vranes Sanja Institut Mihajlo Pupin Serbia
Vugs Javorka Clariant International Switzerland
Wachholz Carsten EEB Belgium
Wang Molin BIBA Germany
Watling Robert ENVIRON International United Kingdom
Wendschlag Hans Hewlett-Packard Sweden
Werth Annette Sony Computer Japan
West Tedie Siemens USA
Wiens Kyle iFixit Germany
Wieser Petra WKO Austria
Wiik Carina Fed. of Finnish Techn. Ind. Finland
Wilden Rudolf ERM Germany
Willems Maddy Belgium
Williams Ian Univ. of Southampton United Kingdom
Wist Gerhard Austria
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Woźniak Leszek Politechnika Rzeszowska Poland
Yamada Shuho Meiji Univ. Japan
Yin Jessica YS UMC Taiwan
Zanin Sabrina ERP Italia Italy
Zonneveld Norbert EERA Netherlands
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2 SECOND DISSEMINATION – HydroWEEE Demo dissemi-
nation event, Milano, Italy
Dissemination: Urban Mining of Rare Earths from WEEE – HydroWEEE Demo project: a successful experience of the EU-FP7
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: Relight, Rho (MI), Italy
Participants: 76
2.1 Agenda
2.2 Participants n° NAME COMPANY
1 Fabrizio D’Amico Ecolamp
2 Federico Schivo Ecolamp
3 Giulio Alonzi Ecolamp
4 Marco Sala Ecodom
5 Laura Borghi Ecodom
6 Veronica Calini Ecolight
7 Mauro Galbiati Raecycle
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8 Alessandro Alberici Ecorit
9 Danilo Bonato Remedia
10 Sergio Patacchini Remedia
11 Valentina De Pellegrin Provincia di Milano
12 Dario Sciunnach Regione Lombardia
13 Massimo Sgambelloni Comune di Rho
14 Gabriele Canè AssoRAEE
15 Fabrizio Longoni Centro di Coordinamento RAEE
16 Riccardo Balestra Federchimica
17 Francesco Baiguera ITIA CNR
18 Elisabetta Chierici ITIA CNR
19 Andrea Degiorgi ITIA CNR
20 Golboo Pour Abdollahian ITIA CNR
21 Laura Silipo ITIA CNR
22 Dario della Sala ENEA
23 Claudia Brunori ENEA
24 Giuseppe De Vincenzis ENEA
25 Stefano Pucciarmati ENEA
26 Danilo Fontana ENEA
27 Francesco Veglio’ Ecorecycling - UNIVAQ
28 Federica Forte Politecnico di Milano
29 Viola Corbellini Politecnico di Milano
30 Alida Falbo Politecnico di Milano
31 Federica Forte Politecnico di Milano
32 Demetrio Pitea Università Bicocca
33 Cinzia Acaia
34 Luisa Barbieri Università di Modena
35 Alessandro Borghi Università di Modena
36 Roberta Guzzinati Università di Ferrara
37 Bernd Kopacek Sat-research
38 Andrea Ratti Centro Servizi Raee
39 Francesco D'Oria Centro Servizi Raee
40 Carlo Brenco Ri-Eco
41 Andrea Bubiani Indeco
42 Giorgio Pelucchi Indeco
43 Fabrizio Caon Forrec
44 Iacopo Manco Riccoboni
45 Marco David David
46 Mario Tiengo Simar
47 Giovanni Ciceri RSE
48 Alessandro Danesi Seval
49 Alfredo Ardenghi Seval
50 Nicolae Stanescu Greentronics
51 Moise Tschanen Gavia
52 Giovanni Aliboni Energica S.r.l.
53 Fabio Giannini Ecoltecnica
54 Giancarlo Battegazzore Ecoltecnica
55 Fortunata Sgobbi PICI metalli
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56 Lorenzo Pici PICI metalli
57 Sara Velutti PICI metalli
58 Andrea Napoli Dynacast
59 Alessandro Silvestri NME
60 Massimiliano Valle Petroceramics
61 Gianna Martinengo Donne e Tecnologie
62 Cristina Guatteri Samsung
63 Simone Marobito Samsung
64 Robert Truscott EACR
65 Joachim Ulmer TBC
66 Patrizia Carimando
67 Elio Vitolo Magico
68 Giorgio Borin Magico
69 Maria Beatrice Celino Eco
70 Zorni Kratchmarova Mondadori
71 Alessandro Gobbi ICP
72 Alberto Enrico Nava Credito Bergamasco
73 Daniela Piera Malinverni Unicredit Banca
74 Daniela Canciani
75 Stefano Rossi Edmond De Rothschild
76 Lella Costa
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3 THIRD DISSEMINATION – HydroWEEE Demo dissemina-
tion event, Alexandria, Romania
Dissemination: FABRICII MOBILE DE RECUPERARE PRIN PROCESE HIDRO-METALURGICE A METALELOR PREȚIOASE ȘI CRITICE DIN DE-SEURILE DE ECHIPAMENTE ELECTRICE SI ELECTRONICE (DEEE)
Date: September 30, 2015
Location: Greentronics, Alexandria, Romania
Participants: 24
3.1 Agenda
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3.2 Participants Cristian Aionesei Greentronics
Gabriela Avram National Television, TVR
Dana Bana Environment Guard
Francesca Beolchini UNIVPM
Ida de Michelis Ecorecycling
Victor Dragusin Mayor of Alexandria
Adelina Dumitrascu Ecotic, Colective Association
Bibiana Ferrari Relight
Bernd Kopacek ISL
Nicoleta Lazar Ecotic, Colective Association
Nicolae Manole Rematholding
Dan Modoran Greentronics
Marin Niculcea Chamber of Commerce
Francesca Pagnanelli Sapienza University of Rome
Nebojsa Panjevac IMP
Radu Popescu E-Recycling Services
Mihai Porojan Rorec, Colective Association
Ion Radulescu Environment Agency
Serena Sgarioto Relight
Nicoale Stanescu Greentronics
Laura Tiganila Environ, Colective Association
Luciana Vasile Rorec, Colective Association
Francesco Veglio Ecorecycling
Valentina Voicu Environment Agency
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4 FOURTH DISSEMINATION – Electronics Goes Green 2016,
Berlin, Germany Dissemination: Electronics Goes Green 2016
Valentina Innocenzi1, Ida De Michelis1, Bibiana Ferrari2, Serena Sgarioto2, Daniele Gotta2, Bernd Kopacek3, Francesco Vegliò1 1Department of Industrial Engineering, of Information and Economy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; 2RELIGHT S.R.L, Rho (Mi-lan), Italy; 3ISL-Kopacek KG, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
The disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) is an important worldwide problem. An improper treatment of them leads to terrestrial and atmospheric pollution as a results of heavy metal dispersion and incineration, respectively. Moreover the elec-trical and electronic devices contain a series of interesting metals, from base to precious elements (gold, palladium) as well as critical metals (like rare earths).
By recycling of these wastes it is possible to have: 1) economic benefits, linked to sale of recovered substances; 2) environmental benefits, because there is not diffusion of the dangerous metals and the exploitation of primary sources for extraction of metals is reduced. For these reasons, recycling of electronic devices is very interesting and recycling policies are gaining more attention.
In this current scenario, the research activities of European HydroWEEE projects, in the ambit of 7 FP Work Program, were realized. The work was focused on the recovery of base, precious and critical metals from WEEE.
In the present manuscript the HYDROWEEE processes focused on the treatment of fluorescent materials of lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are described. These wastes are rich in REs, in particular fluorescent lamps contain yttrium (15%), europium (0.6%), terbium (0.4%), gadolinium (0.3%), lanthanum (0.6%) and cerium (0.7%). CRT powders contain 14% of Y and 0.88% of Eu.
The initial material requires a pretreatment at high temperature; after that, the REEs are dissolved with acid, recovered as oxalates and finally calcined to obtain oxides. As regards CRTs the pretreatment is not necessary. The oxide coming from lamps process is a mixture of yttrium, gadolinium, terbium, europium, lanthanum and cerium with purity more than 98%, rich in Y and Eu following by the other rare earths. The total recoveries are 70% Y, 100% Eu, 60% Tb, 40% Ce, La and Gd. For CRTs, the oxide is a mixture of yttrium and europium with a purity of 96% and a REs recovery greater than 70%.
The activities have demonstrated the technical feasibility of the processes. Regarding the economic aspect, it is clear that the balance is influenced by REEs market subjected to large fluctuations. For our process, the product should have a price greater than 20 €/kg. New implementations are continuing on lab and industrial scale to reduce the cost of processes and increase the profit.
4:30pm - 5:00pm
Recovery of Critical Metals from LCDs and Li-Ion Batteries
Alessia Amato1, Laura Rocchetti1, Viviana Fonti1, Thomas Abo Atia2, Pietro Altimari2, Emanuela Moscardini2, Luigi Toro2, Francesca Pagnanelli2, Francesca Beolchini1 1Università politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; 2Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome Italy
In 2014, the European Union identified 20 raw materials critical for economic importance and high supply risk. Indium and cobalt, largely used in the electronic industry, are included in this list. The aim of this work is to present the main results achieved within the EU-FP7 Project HydroWEEE-Demo dealing with the recovery of indium and cobalt from electronic wastes.
LCD scraps and end of life Li-ion batteries are evaluated as secondary resources of indium and cobalt, respectively. With this pur-pose, an indium recovery process was developed carrying out an acidic leaching, followed by a zinc cementation. The first step al-lowed a complete indium extraction using 2M sulfuric acid at 80°C for 10 min. In order to increase the process sustainability, we used a cross-current configuration that let to an increase of metal concentration and a decrease of reagents consumption. The subsequent cementation step allowed an indium recovery higher than 90%, using 5 g/L of zinc powder at pH 3 and 55°C for 10 min. Moreover, a cobalt and lithium recovery process was developed for the exploitation of lithium ion battery. Experimental results denoted that elec-trodic materials obtained by mechanical treatment of significant amounts of wastes presented a great heterogeneity due to both the variability of batteries on the market and also to contamination of ferrous and non ferrous metals. Co and Li were extracted from elec-
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trodic powder according to these main operations: leaching (by acid reducing conditions), primary purification (by precipitation of metal impurities), solvent extraction with D2EPHA (for removal of metal impurities), solvent extraction with Cyanex 272 (for separation of cobalt from nickel), cobalt recovery (by precipitation as cobalt hydroxide), evaporation and Li recovery by crystallization as lithium carbonate. Co products with 95% purity were obtained by implementation of the process including the solvent extraction stages with D2EHPA and Cyanex 272.
5:00pm - 5:30pm
Recovery of Base and Precious Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards and Spent Catalysts by Hydrometal-lurgical Processes
Ionela Birloaga1, Valentina Innocenzi1, Ida De Michelis1, Bernd Kopacek2, Francesco Veglio1 1Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy; 2ISL-Kopacek KG, Vien-na, Austria
In this work, we summarize the undertaken research activities for the recovery of base and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards and spent industrial and automotive catalysts. All the activities have been performed to achieve easily handling hydrometallur-gical operations when is thinking to their application at industrial scale level. Moreover, the environmental and economic points of views were also important aspects to be considered in the development of such processes. Therefore, considering the fact that both wastes contain a considerable amount of valuable elements, mainly Cu, Au and Ag in WPCBs and Ce and Pt, Pd in spent catalysts, our main core is to develop sustainable processes for their recovery. Thus, within HydroWEEE Demo project, the replacing and im-proving of the already developed procedures into HydroWEEE project have been achieved using chemical processes like precipita-tion/cementation to reduce the already dissolved base and precious metals into acid solutions. This process led to increases of proce-dure economy by the replacing of electrowinning procedure with aforementioned operation. The continuous procedures optimization resulted in realization of innovative hydrometallurgical methods like counter and cross current methods for selectively leaching of Cu by Au and Ag from WPCBs. These procedures have reduced considerably the amount of chemicals to be used and, furthermore, the process economy. The developed hydrometallurgical processes for the metal recovery from FCC spent catalysts included dissolution of the materials using sulfuric acid or nitric acid, selective precipitation of rare earths as sulphates or solvent extraction using D2EHPA dissolved in n-heptane of kerosene, followed by stripping with nitric acid and finally RE precipitation as oxalates. Considering this, over 70% of REEs recovery efficiency has been achieved. The experimental tests for recovery of metals from automotive catalysts have shown that it was possible to extract both cerium and precious metals. The hypnotized process included the following steps: leaching with sulfuric acid and recovery of cerium as sulphates, the residual cake was leaching with hydrochloric acid in presence of an oxidant agent. In this way, 50% of Fe, Al and Ce have been recovered into solution. In addition, a reach solution with 60 mg/L of Pt has been achieved. Other experiments are currently in progress to quantify the yields and study the recovery process of precious metals from automotive catalysts. The overall achieved recovery from waste printed circuit boards was of 95% for Cu and 80% for Au and Ag.
5:30pm - 6:00pm
Practical Experiences Operation Stationary and Mobile Hydrometallurgical Plants
Serena Sgarioto1, Bibiana Ferrari1, Ida De Michelis2, Bernd Kopacek3 1RELIGHT S.R.L, Rho (Milan), Italy; 2ECORECYCLING S.R.L, Rome, Italy; 3SAT, Vienna, Austria
The main objective of this abstract is the presentation of a successful case study of urban mining within the European FP7 project HydroWEEE-DEMO (2012-2016). The project dealt with the recovery of rare and precious metals from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) including spent fluorescent lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRT). The objective of the project was to build 2 indus-trial demonstration plants (1 stationary and 1 mobile) in order to test the performance and prove the viability of the processes from an integrated point of view (technical, economical, operational, social) including the assessment of its risks and benefits to the society and the environment.
After an extensive research and testing campaign both in pilot plant and in laboratory scale, a hydrometallurgical process was devel-oped and two plants were built. The plants are running in two European SMEs for the collection and treatment of WEEE: the stationary plant, located in Relight’s site in Milan (Italy) and the mobile one in Greentronics’s site in Romania.
The stationary and mobile plants, which work in batches, can treat 600 kg/batch and 420 kg/batch of powder on one shift, respectively. Both CRTs and lamps powders are treated with the same hydrometallurgical process.
The stationary plant consists of three main reactors, one for each phase of the process, and three filter presses. Powders are sieved and big size particles of glass are removed (> 1 mm). A hopper feeds with powders the first reactor in which the leaching reaction takes place. After the first filtration, the leaching liquor is sent to the second reactor for the precipitation of rare earths elements. After a second filtration, the residual acid solution is sent into the third reactor for the purification with lime, while filter press cake is the rare earths concentrate product. In the stationary plant a high purity of the final rare earths concentrate can be achieved (more than 95%).
In the mobile plant, the equipment is placed inside two containers, thermally insulated. In this plant are present: two jacketed reactors (steel reactors); two PP reactors; two filter-presses (the first one dedicated to filter leaching suspension or wastewater after treatment with lime, the second one is dedicated to product recovery to prevent contamination); and all the utilities required in the processes. Preliminary tests, on lamp powder, showed a recovery of about 70%, with a purity greater than 75% as REs concentration.
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4.2 Participants
Fern Abrams IPC United States
Rodrigo Aguilar INVENTEC PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS France
Micheal Oluwatosin Akintunde TEM TECHNOLOGY PTY LTD South Africa
Jonas Allen Green Electronics Council United States
Hampus Korhan André Chalmers University Sweden
Karen S. Andreassen VELUX A/S Denmark
Toon (A.M.M.) Ansems TNO Netherlands
Rachel Horta Arduin Institute for Technological Research (IPT) Brazil