Deforestation.pptx

8/13/2019 Deforestation.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/deforestationpptx 1/22

Deforestation in

the PhilippinesJo Ann P. Jocson

LlB 2C

October 10, 2013



DEFORESTATION

It is defined as thecutting down andremoval of all or mostof the trees in a

forested area.

Deforestation isclearing Earth’s

forests on a massivescale, often resultingin damage to thequality of the land.





The Causes

Slash-and-Burn

A method sometimes used by shifting cultivators tocreate short term yields from marginal soils.



Agricultural and Livestock

Grazing



Urban Sprawl



Mining



Climate Change and FoodInsecurity

Source: The World Bank



Other Effects of

Deforestation









Flood



Applicable Laws

Act No. 2711 of 1917 restricts the entry to forests only for“forest use. ” Denudation obviously is not for forest use.

FAO No. 16-1 of 1941, issued by Secretary of Agriculture and

Commerce Benigno S. Aquino to the Bureau of Forestry, toimplement Act No. 2711. It prohibits inside forest reserves,among others, “exploitation and prospecting work for mineraldeposits under the Mining Law, or digging up or removing ofany mineral deposits, stone, earth, rock, or quarrying of

stone. ” Sole exception: mining claims before February 1935under Act No. 4268, all now lapsed.



Republic Act No. 3092 of 1961, amendingAct No. 2711, requires congressionallegislation for every reclassification offorests into mineral reserves. Congress hasnot delegated this power to the executivebranch.



PD No. 705 of 1975, the Forestry Reform Code,revises land-use laws. It declares: “No land ofthe public domain 18% in slope or over shall beclassified as alienable and disposable... Lands18% in slope or over that have already beendeclared as alienable or disposable shall bereverted to the classification of forestlands. ”

Sole exception: lands previously titled, or

occupied for 30 years.



Mining Act of 1995

“Areas Open to Mining Operations – Subject to any existing rights orreservations and prior agreements of all

parties, all mineral resources in public orprivate lands, including timber orforestlands as defined in existing laws,shall be open to mineral agreements orfinancial or technical assistanceapplications. ”



Presidential Decree 1559 of 1978 amends P.D. 705. Section 69states:

“Unlawful occupation or destruction of forest lands - Any person whoenters or occupies or possesses ... for his own private use or forothers any forestland or grazing land without authority under alicense agreement, lease, license or permit ... or in any mannerdestroys such forest land ... or causes any damage to the timberstand and other products and forest growth found therein, or whoassists, aids or abets any other person to do so ... shall uponconviction, be fined in an amount of not less than P500 nor more thanP20,000, and imprisoned for not less than six months nor more thantwo years for each such offense.

“In case the offender is a government official or employee, he shall,in addition to the above penalties, be deemed automaticallydismissed from office and permanently disqualified from holding anyelective or appointive position.”



Executive Order No. 23 (Declaring a Moratoriumon the Cutting and Harvesting of Timber in the

National and Residual Forests and Creating the Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force) to impose a total log banthroughout the country.

No new logging permits will be issued and cutting oftrees will no longer be allowed in natural andresidual forests.

It also mandates the creation of a national task forceagainst illegal logging that will have regional

counterparts.



Conclusions

More studies are required and needed torehabilitate the forests.

Laws need stricter implementation because even

government employees easily find ways tocircumvent them.

Rehabilitation takes a couple of decades to befully realized so, for now, tight prohibition isneeded.



Recommendations

Stricter implementation

The quickest solution to deforestation would

simply be to stop cutting down trees.Plant more trees.



Deforestation.pptx

Documents