1 1. Definition of garment washing? Definition: The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfortable and fashion of the garments is called garment washing. Or, It is a technology by which outlook, size, comfort & fashion of garments / apparels are change of modified and given old garment effect is called Garment Washing. 2. Write the purpose of washing? Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - This may be explained in the following way:- Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance. After washing the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion. By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in the garments which also seem the best touch of garments. Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, Blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, P. P spray, hand crapping, P.P spoonzing etc. This also seems the best touch of garments.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
1. Definition of garment washing?
Definition: The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfortable
and fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Or, It is a technology by which outlook, size, comfort & fashion of garments / apparels
are change of modified and given old garment effect is called Garment Washing.
2. Write the purpose of washing?
Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - This may be
explained in the following way:-
Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance. After
washing the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in the
garments which also seem the best touch of garments.
Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy,
Blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, P. P spray, hand
crapping, P.P spoonzing etc. This also seems the best touch of garments.
The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a result
the garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments.
To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing and
market developments.
Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of
further shrinkage of the wash garments.
Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also
removed due to washing.
2
3. Write different types of dry processing?
Different types of dry processes are-
Sand Blasting Hand Scraping Permanent wrinkle Over all wrinkle P.P Spray P.P Sponging Grinding & Destroy Broken & Tagging
4. Write different types of wet processing?
Different types of wet processing are-
Normal wash/Garments wash/Rinse wash
Pigment wash
Caustic wash
Enzyme wash (Boi wash &Boi polishing)
Stone wash
Bleach wash (Ice wash& snow wash)
Stone Enzyme wash
Acid wash
Silicon wash
Dip Dyeing
Tie & Dye etc.
3
5. Write the machine name which are used in washing plant?
6. Write the chemical names which are used in washing plant?
Chemical names which are used in washing plant:
Enzyme
Acetic Acid
Detergent
Antistain
Bleaching powder
Sodium hyposulfite
Caustic Soda
Soda Ash
Sodium Bicarbonate
Potassium permanganate
Cationic / nonionic Flax softener
Micro Emulsion Silicon
Salt (sodium chloride)
Buffer
Hydrogen peroxide
Stabilizer
Fixing agent
Catanizer
Optical Brightner
Resin
Sodium Metabisulphite
Desizing agent
5
7. What is the purpose of normal wash?
Purpose of normal wash:
1. To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments
2. To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics
3. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing
4. To achieve buyer washing standard
8. Describe the first step & 2nd step of normal / garment wash?
Washing process of normal wash:
First step:
Lot size: -....................... 70 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
Add water at L: R = 1: 8-10.............. 560 - 700 Liter.
Machine Running.
Add detergent at 0.5 gm / liter ............ 280-350 gm.
Temperature........... Sometime cold & sometime 40°c to 60°c.
Time .............................. 5 to 10 minutes.
Drop the liquor.
Cold wash
2nd Step:
Add water at L: R = 1: 6 ......... 420 liter.
Washing machine running
Add Flax softener at 0.6 gm / liter.... 252 gm.
Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter ...... 210 gm.
Time................................... 5 to 10 minutes.
Drop the liquor.
Unload the Garments on trolley.
6
9. What is the function of Hydro extractor machine?
Function of hydro extractor machine: Hydro-extraction the garments to remove excess
water from the washed Garments.
10. What is the purpose of silicon wash?
Purpose of silicon wash:
1. To give durable softness & elastic handle properties.2. To increase anti pilling affects, dimensional stability, and tear resistance.3. To improve wear and easy care properties.
11. Write different between normal wash and silicon wash?
Difference between normal wash and silicon wash is given bellow:
Normal wash Silicon washTo remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
To give durable softness & elastic handle properties.
To remove starch present on garments fabrics.
To increase anti pilling affects & dimensional stability.
For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.
To increase tear resistance property.
To achieve buyer washing standard To improve wear and easy care properties.
12. Describe the desizing process of silicon wash?
68. Write the approximate production / hrs / gun of sand blasting.
The approximate production /hrs/gun varies from 25-50 pcs. garments depend on the area, extent to fading.
69. Write the name of protective items for health in the sand blasting process.
Protective items for health in the sand blasting process are-
– Hand gloves– Musk – Helmet– Ear flag and – Uniform
34
70. What do you mean by P.P spray?
P.P spray is doing in Denim, Twill, Poplin, Corduroy, generally middle of wash i.e. after enzyme wash, stone enzyme wash.
If need some particular area more white then we are doing P.P spray. After P.P spray need to neutralize the garment Sodium Metabisulphite , then
whitish effect come on respective area of garments. Standard stock solution for P.P. spray is 0.4% i.e. 100 liter water 400 grams
potassium permanganate. P.P. spray is done nozzle and has a switch to start & stop. For spray on garments need dry air which is supplied from screw compressor and
P.P. stock solution tank. P.P. spray in garment need on chamber, different types of dummy and exhaust fan.
71. What do you mean by P.P sponging?
P.P sponging is doing in Denim, Twill, Poplin, corduroy generally middle of wash i.e. after enzyme wash, stone enzyme wash.
If need some area more white then we are doing P.P. sponging. After P.P. sponging sodium metabisulphite is used to neutralize the garments. Standard stock solution for P.P. sponging is 0.4% i.e. 100 liter water 400 grams
potassium permanganate. P.P sponging is done manually. By foam/ fabric pcs wet in p.p.stock solution and rubbing particular area of
garments as result fading affects on garments. P.P. sponging operator must be used Hand gloves, Helmet, Mask, Ear plug &
uniform for their safety.
72. What is the purpose of P.P. spray?
The purpose of P.P spray is to create more fading affect on particular area of garments.
35
73. What is the purpose of P.P. sponging?
The purpose of P.P sponging is also to create more fading affect on particular area of garments.
74. What do you mean by whiskering?
Whiskering: A process of whickering denim/Canvas/Twill/Corduroy garment is deserved
below:-
By rubber pattern & sand blasting gun. i.e. rubber pattern set on garment and sand
through over the pattern by nozzle.
By manually created whisker by sand paper on garment.
Make a pattern just like pacific whisker and put it inside the garment, then rubbing
front side of garment over pattern,
By p.p. spray and p.p. sponging on garments.
Mentioned all process is done on garments fadding effect occurs in garments.
75. What do you mean by tagging?
Tagging: Tagging is doing on garment for fashion and value added fashion wear.
Tagging is doing by Tagging machine.
Tagging is doing also by needle & thread & manually.
After wash upper portion of garment shows crease marks and inside of tagging
occurs Dark shade.
76. What do you mean by Grinding?
Grinding:
Grinding is doing on garment for mainly old/used look appearance & fashion.
Grinding is doing on hem, pocket edge, west belt, pocket opening, and pocket pluf
of garments.
Grinding is done by grinding machine, sand paper by manually.
36
77. What do you mean by destroy?
Destroy:
Destroy is newly fashion on garments.
Destroy is doing by manually.
Different types of machine used for destroy the garments – Grinding machine,
Emery cloth, Hacksaw blade, Knife etc.
When destroy is done one garment, it seems to be long time used effect.
78. What types of fabrics are suitable for permanent wrinkle?
Fabrics which are suitable for permanent wrinkle are-
Generally Denim, Twill, Canvas, Poplin, knit and Polyester fabrics are suitable for permanent wrinkle.
79. Write the chemical name for permanent crinkle on the garments.
For permanent wrinkle we use resin on the garments which must be dilute with water. It might be 80% water and 20% resin.
80. What is the standard temperature for permanent crinkle on oven?
The standard temperature for permanent crinkle on oven is 140- 160oc.
81. What is the standard time is required for permanent crinkle in the oven?
The standard time is required for permanent crinkle in the oven is 20-40 mintues.
37
82. What do you mean by overall crinkle?
OVERALL WRINKLE PROCESS:
Generally overall wrinkle is doing on garments after all types of wet process & dry
process.
Overall wrinkle is done on the garment made from all types of fabrics like, Denim,
Twill, Canvas, Poplin, Corduroy, Knit, Polyester, Viscose & Nylon etc.
Now tie the whole garment in tight position by thread.
For overall wrinkle, we are used resin in washing machine with water and run tied
garments for 5 to 10 minutes at 50°c temperature.
Then unload the garments from washing machine to trolley for hydro extractor to
remove the excess water.
Open the tie or cut the thread.
Now hanger the garments into the hanger trolley. Trolley capacity appreciates 80-
100 pcs garments.
Then trolley with resin treatment garments put inside the Industrial oven.
Set temperature 140°c to 160°c, Time 50-70 minutes.
Start the machine.
When setting time is over, machines are automatically off.
After heating time over garments with hanger will stay 10 minutes for cold in
oven.
Now open the door and trolley with garments out from oven and go to quality
section, checking & delivery.
83. What types of dyes are used for 100% cotton readymade garments?
Dyes used for 100 % cotton readymade garments are-
– Reactive dyes.
– Direct dyes
– Sulpher dyes
38
– Vat dyes
– Azoic dyes
– Pigment dyes
84. What do you mean by ready for dying garments?
Ready for dyeing garments means the garments in which precaution steps for dyeing has
been already done, i.e. the garments which is ready for dyeing process.
85. Write the main / first step of ready for dyeing process.
First step of ready for dyeing process:
Desizing process:
Batch size.................... 60 kg cotton shirt (grey).
Water at L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 Liter.
Running the machine.
Temperature .................. 90°c.
Detergent at 2% ............ 1.2 kg.
Caustic at 8% ................ 4.8 kg.
Soda Ash at 5% ............ 3.00 kg.
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2o2) at 12%... 7.20 kg.
Stabilizer at 5% ............ 3.00 kg.
Time............................. 60 to 80mts.
Drop the liquor
86. What do mean by super white process?
Super white:
Normally done on the garments made from cotton grey fabric.
The garments after wash become extremely white.
Washing is carried out in steps:---
39
WASHING PROCESS:-
First Step:-
Batch size.................... 60 kg cotton shirt (grey).
Time ....................................... 5 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Sixth Step: - Softening
Batch size ........................................ 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 7 .................. 420 Liter.
Non-ionic Softener at 0.4% ............ 240 gm.
Micro Emulsion silicon at 0.4%..... 240 gm
Time ........................................ 5 to 10 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Then unload the garment on trolley.
Seventh Step: - Hydro extractor machine.
Hydro extractor machine is used to remove excess water from the garments.
Eighth Step: - Drying machine.
Load 50 kg garments to steam dryer.
Temperature set ................ 70°c.
Run about................. 40-45 mts.
41
After run 10 to 15 mts. for cold dry.
Ninth Step: - Quality & Delivery.
After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify washing fault and then
good one delivery.
87. Write the chemicals name which are used for super white process.
Chemicals which are used for super white process are-
– Detergent – Caustic soda(NaOH)– Soda ash(Na2CO3)– Hydrogen per oxide(H2O2)– Stabilizer– Optical Brightener– Non – ionic Softener– Micro Emulsion silicon– Acetic acid
88. Write the dyeing bath process of pigment dyes for cotton readymade garments.
PIGMENT DYEING PROCESS AT EXHAUST:
First Step: - Cationizing.
Batch size.................... 60 kg ready for dyeing garments.
Water at L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 Liter.
Machine running.
Add Cationizing (Acramin prefix K)at 4%...... 2.40 kg.
Machine run at room temperature for .......... 10 mts.
After 10 mts run, temperature raise to 60°c.
Now run.......................... 20 mts.
Drop the liquor.
42
Second Step: - HOT WASH.
Batch size....................... 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 8..... 480 Liter.
Running the machine.
Temperature ...................... 60°c.
Time ................................. 5 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Third Step: - Dyeing
Batch size.................... 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 7.......................... 420 Liter.
Add..... Pigment Red at 3%................ 1800 gm.
Pigment Black at 0.1%............. 60 gm.
Add Acetic Acid at 1cc/liter.................... 420 cc.
Temperature ..................................... 80°c-85°c
Time ................................................. 30 -40 mts
Drop the liquor.
Fourth Step: - FIXING.
Batch size................................ 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 Liter.
Add Binder at 5% ......................3.00 kg.
Temperature ........................ 30°c - 40.
Time ................................10 - 20 mts.
Fifth Step: - Softening.
Batch size................................... 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 7................. 420 Liter.
Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter ... 250 gm.
Add cationic softener at 1 gm/liter.......... 420 gm.
Time................................ 10 mts.
Drop the liquor.
43
Then unload the garments trolley.
Sixth Step: - Hydro extractor machine.
Hydro extractor machine is used to remove excess water from the garments.
Seventh Step: - Drying machine.
Load 50 kg garments to steam dryer.
Temperature set ................ 70°c.
Run about.............. 40-45 mts.
After run 10 to 15 mts. for cold dry.
Eighth Step: - Quality & Delivery.
After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify washing fault and then
good one delivery.
89. Write the dyeing bath process of Sulpher dyes for cotton readymade garments.
SULPHER DYEING:
First Step: - Cationization.
Batch size ...60 kg garments ready for dyeing.
Water at L : R = 1 : 8 .............. 480 Liter.
Machine running.
Add Cationization (Indosol E-50 liter) at 4%..... 2.40 kg.
Temperature ................... 60°c.
Time....................... 30-40 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Second Step:- Dyeing
Batch size................................ 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 7.............. 420 Liter
Optical Yellow - 2.50%.......... 1500 gm.
Optical Orange - 0.4%........... 240 gm.
44
Add Salt at 20 gm/liter ............ 8.40 kg.
Temperature....................... 90°c
Time................................ 60 to 70 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Rinse overflow until clear water.
Third Step: - Softening.
Batch size ............................ 60 kg.
Water at L: R = 1: 7 .......... 420 Liter.
Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter ....... 250 gm.
Add cationic softener at 1 gm/liter.. 420 gm.
Time................................ 10 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Then unload the garments trolley.
Fourth Step: - Hydro extractor machine.
Hydro extractor machine is used to remove excess water from the garments.
Fifth Step: - Drying machine.
Load 50 kg garments to steam dryer.
Temperature set ................ 70°c.
Run about.............. 40-45 mts.
After run 10 to 15 mts. for cold dry.
Sixth Step :- Quality & Delivery.
After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify washing fault and then
good one delivery.
90. Write difference between sand blasting and hand scraping.
Difference between sand blasting and hand scraping is given bellow:
Sand Blasting Hand ScrapingAluminum oxide is used of sand blasting. Emery paper is used for hand scraping.Done with the help of sand blasting gun Done with the help of hand.
45
High risk of fabric damage Low risk of fabric damage Hazardous for health. Not hazardous for health