Defining Urban, Urbanization and Urbanism By: May Ann L. Maningding MPA Dr. Josefina B. Bitonio Professor
Defining Urban,
Urbanization and
Urbanism
By: May Ann L. Maningding
MPA
Dr. Josefina B. Bitonio
Professor
Urban
URB= (City) + AN =(Denotes Place)Pertaining to a large city. An urban area might
be defined as an area with a large amount of
people residing in it, an area that has been
significantly developed, or an area where the
distance between buildings is very small.
Urban is used in contrast to rural, which
generally indicates a low-population, often
agricultural-based area.
An Urban Area is a human settlement with
high population density and infrastructure
of built environment. Urban areas are
created through Urbanization and are
categorized by urban morphology as cities,
towns, conurbations, or suburbs.
In Urbanism, the term contrast to rural
areas such as villages and hamlets and in
urban sociology or urban anthropology it
contrast with natural environment.
Urban settlements have been
defined on the basis of:
Cultural Definition- Urban Culture
Political Definition- Administrative Functions
Economic Definition- percentage of people
in non agricultural populations
Demographic Definition- size of the
Population
Cultural Definition
-A city is a state of mind, a body of customs and
traditions
2 types of communities• “gesellschaft” (urban)- larger scale “Societal”or formal
role relationships
• “gemeischaft”(rural)- more intimate scale “community”or
primary relationships
Political Definition
- A national Government may define its urban areas in
terms of functions.
Often those residing in the capital of a country or
province are designated as urban
In Kenya and Thailand, all incorporated places are
urban, regardless of size
In Canada, Until 1971all incorporated places were
automatically urban
Economic Definition
A country has sometimes been described as
urban if less than half of its workers are
engaged in agriculture
“Urban” = “non – agricultural”
Demographic Definition
- Demographically, a place is defined as being
urban because a certain number of people live
in it, certain density of people live in it, or both
UrbanizationUrbanization is a process whereby populations move from
rural to urban area, enabling cities and towns to grow. It can also be
termed as the progressive increase of the number of people living in
towns and cities. It is highly influenced by the notion that cities and
towns have achieved better economic, political, and social mileages
compared to the rural areas.
Accordingly, urbanization is very common in developing and
developed worlds as more and more people have the tendency of
moving closer to towns and cities to acquire “privileged” social and
economic services as well as benefits. These include social and
economic advantages such as better education, health care,
sanitation, housing, business opportunities, and transportation.
Urbanization Transformation of a society from a rural to an urban
one.
Urban population - Persons living in cities or towns of 2,500 or more residents.
Urbanized area - One or more places and the adjacent densely populated surrounding area that together have a minimum population of 50,000.
Mega-cities - Cities with 10 million residents or more.
Traits of Urbanization
Urbanization is an Index of Transformation
It is concentration of population
Quantification of Urbanization is difficult
It is a long term process
It is a finite process
Agrarian to Industrial society
Exciting new Opportunities for Investors
Causes of Urbanization
Urbanization occurs naturally from
individual & corporate efforts to reduce time
and expense in commuting in transportation
while improving job opportunities, education,
housing, and transportation
Urbanization permits individuals and
families to take advantage of the opportunities
of proximity, diversity, and market place
competition
Causes of Urbanization
Better services, Job Opportunity
A greater variety of entertainment &
Better quality of Education
Reasons for Migration
- People were losing their jobs on the farms
during the industrialization to machines
• Job opportunities
• Improved facilities
• Better education
• Transportation faster access to
medical help
Demographically
-Urbanization is an increase in population
concentration (Numbers and density)
Organizationally
- It is an alteration in structure and patterns
of organization
Benefits of Urbanization
Improvement In Economy
Growth of Commercial
Activities
Social and Cultural Integration
Efficient Services
Resources Utilization
UrbanismUrbanism is the study of the characteristic ways of
interaction of inhabitants of towns and cities (urban
areas) with the built environment. It is a direct
component of disciplines such as urban
planning (the physical design and management of
urban structures) and urban sociology (the study of
urban life and culture). However, in some contexts
internationally Urbanism is synonymous with Urban
Planning, and the ”Urbanist” refers to an Urban
Planner.
Urbanism
• City way of Life
• Socio cultural consequences of living in urban places
the human side of urbanization
• Social patterns and behavior associated with living
cities
o Emphasis on: Competition, achievement,
specialization, superficiality, anonymity,
independence, are tangential relationships
o Compared with: a simpler and less competitive
idealized rural past
New Urbanism
New Urbanism is an Urban
design movement which promotes
environmentally friendly habits by
creating walkable neighbourhoods containing
a wide range of housing and job types. It
arose in the United States in the early 1980s,
and has gradually influenced many aspects
of real estate development, Urban Planning,
and municipal land Use strategies.
New Urbanism
New Urbanism is strongly influenced by urban
design practices that were prominent until the rise of
the automobile prior to World War II; it
encompasses ten basic principles such as traditional
neighbourhood design (TND) and transit- oriented
Development(TOD). These ideas can all be circled
back to two concepts: building a sense of
community and the development of ecological
practices.
Housing and Slums
• Acute shortage of housing in urban areas and
much of the available accommodation is
quantitatively of sub standard variety
• With large scale migration for urban areas, many
find that the only option that they have is
substandard housing, overcrowding, lack of
electrification, ventilation, roads, and drinking water
facilities
Over crowding
• Overcrowding encourages deviant
behaviour, spreads diseases, and creates
conditions to mental illness, alcohol and
riots
• One effect of dense urban living is people’s
apathy and indifference
Power shortage
• Power supply has remained insufficient in majority
of Urban Area
• The use of electrical gadgets has increase in cities,
and establishments of new industries and the
expansion of the old ones has also increased
dependence of electricity
Pollution• Towns and cities are major polluters of the
environment, Several cities discharge 40 to 6
percent of their entire sewage and industrial
effluents untreated into the nearby rivers
• Urban industries pollutes the atmospheres with
smoke and toxic causes from the chimneys
• All these Increases the chances of diseases
among the people living in the urban centres
Other Problems:
Environmental Problems
Educational Problems
Malnutrition
Poverty
Unemployment
Rural rebound
• where people are getting sick of
cities and moving back to Rural
Areas
Possible Solution
• Make the economy of rural areas
fully viable by undertaking massive
rural development program
Possible Solution
• Surplus rural manpower should be
absorbed in rural areas themselves
to reduce rural to urban migration.
Possible Solution
Urban Planning and Management
City Development Strategy
Systematic development of urban centers
and creation of job opportunities
Regional planning with city planning
Encouraging industries to move to backward
area
Municipalities to find own financial resources
Adopting Pragmatic Housing Policy
Other Possible Solutions
References: https//prezi.com by Jerdy Mercene, June 25,2017
www.yahoo.com
www.google.com
Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rural Development
Project
John J. Palen – 1997, Tonnies 1957,Wirth 1938
Being Urban: Urban Dictionary and Meriam Dictionary
www.youtube.com Khai Loon October 16, 2016
www.slideshare.net