Defense questions, Prof. Venter

Doctoral  defense  of    Marcus  Duveskog  

 Digital  storytelling  for  HIV  and  AIDS  

educa7on  in  Africa  

Isabella  M.  Venter  Department  of  Computer  Science  University  of  the  Western  Cape,    

South  Africa  

Sura  ya  UKIMWI  Let  us  link  to  the  digital  story    

Research  topic    

State  very  briefly,  what  your  research  is  really  about?  

Research  topic    In  your  dissertaGon  you  did  not  state  an  

hypothesis  or  an  overarching  research  quesGon.      What  would  you  say  is  your  research  quesGon?  

Research  topic    In  your  dissertaGon  you  did  not  state  an  

hypothesis  or  an  overarching  research  quesGon.      Would  it  be  correct  to  say  that  your  research  quesGon  was:  “How  should  par7cipatory  design  and  digital  storytelling,  within  a  Sub-­‐Saharan  African  milieu  be  approached  to  create  a  learning  environment  for  HIV/AIDS  educa7on?”  

Literature    

How  does  your  research  differ  from  the  exisGng  knowledge  base  on  your  topic?  

Review  of  the  literature  

How  did  you  determine  what  background  literature  to  reference?  

Review  of  the  literature  

On  Page  11  of  your  dissertaGon  you  menGon  the  key  concepts  of  your  study.  Why  did  you  not  consider  the  literature  regarding  all  of  the  key  concepts?    

Key  Concepts    Concepts   Literature  Review  

HIV/AIDS  

Transferability  

ParGcipatory  design   ParGcipatory  design  

Digital  storytelling   Storytelling  

Design  milieu   Design  milieu  

Learning  environment  

Ownership  

AssociaGon  

Trust  

Review  of  the  literature  

On  Page  11  of  your  dissertaGon  you  menGon  the  key  concepts  of  your  study.  Why  did  you  not  consider  the  literature  regarding  all  of  the  key  concepts?  You  did  however  consider  the  literature  of  concepts  not  classified  as  “key  concepts”,  why?    

Research  Design  

CroWy  defines  a  methodology  as  “a  strategy,  plan  of  ac7on,  process  or  design  lying  behind  the  choice  and  use  of  par7cular  methods  …”  (CroWy,  1998,  page  3).    The  choice  of  a  methodology  thus  determines  which  methods  are  appropriate.      

Research  Design  

Epistomology   TheoreGcal  PerspecGve   Methodology   Methods  

CroWy,  M.  (1998).  The  Founda7ons  of  social  research:  Meaning  and  perspec7ve  in  the  research  process.  Crows  Nest,  New  South  Wales,  Australia:  Allen  &  Unwin.  

Research  Design  

Epistomology   TheoreGcal  PerspecGve   Methodology   Methods  

Theory  of  knowledge   The  philosophical  stance  that  informs  the  methodology  

Strategy  or  plan  of  ac>on  

Techniques  to  gather  and  analyse  data  

Research  Design  Is  this  assumpGon  about  your  research  design  correct?  

 Epistemology   Theore>cal  Perspec>ve  

Methodology   Methods  

ConstrucGonism   InterpreGvism   Design  Science  Research  

Case  study  

SubjecGvism   Anthropology   AcGon  Research   Digital  story  telling  

Interviews  

ParGcipatory  design  

MulGlayered  Framework  of  Compiling  Digital  Artefacts  by  Extension  

Research  Approach  

• What  epistemological  stance  underpins  your  research  strategy  and  approach?  

Research  Approach  

• What  epistemological  stance  underpins  your  research  strategy  and  approach?  •  How  did  these  epistemological  commitments  guide  and  influence  your  research?  

Design  Science  Research  How  did  you  use  it?    

Milieu  environment  

Design  process  

Science  knowledge  base  

People  Needs/  problems    Strengths/  weaknesses    Infrastructure    Culture    Social  structures  

Needs,  relevance.  strengths,  tesGng  scene              New  skills,  contextualized  design,  relevant  soluGons  

Construct  learning  environment                  Co-­‐design  with  users  

Grounded  in  literature                    Contribu-­‐Gons  to  science  

ScienGfic  theories  and  methods    Design  process    Design  methods    Experiences    Field  experGse  

plan  

observe  

reflect   act    

Design  Science  Research  Can  you  explain  what  the  design  process  was  for  each  milieu  and  what  knowledge  was  added?  Milieu  Research  Context  

Design  Process  

Contribu>on  to  Science  Knowledge  Base  

Sura  ya  UKIMWI,  Iringa,  Tanzania  Working  for  my  dreams,  Ukombozi,  Tanzania  

Jali  Maisha  programming  course,  Kigudla,  Tanzania  TekkiKids,  Meraka,  Pretoria,  South  Africa  

Contextualised  course  design,  Iringa,  Tanzania  

Knowledge  producGon  Gibbons  et  al.  (1994)  and  Nowotny  et  al.  (2003)  refer  to  'Mode  1  and  Mode  2  knowledge  produc7on'      Where  Mode  1  refers  to  theore7cal  experimental  science  and  Mode  2  to  knowledge  produc7on  which  is  socially  distributed,  applica7on-­‐oriented  and  trans-­‐disciplinary        ScoO,  P.,  Gibbons,  M.,  &  Nowotny,  H.  (2003).  Mode  2  Revisited:  The  New  Produc7on  of  Knowledge.  Special  issue  devoted  to  the  new  produc7on  of  knowledge.  Minerva.  Gibbons,  M.,  Limoges,  L.,  Nowotny,  H.,  Schwartzman,  S.,  ScoO,  P.  &  Trow,  M.  (1994).  The  New  Produc7on  of  Knowledge:  The  Dynamics  of  Science  and  Research  in  Contemporary  Socie7es  (London:  Sage).  

Knowledge  producGon  

Computer  Science  is  tradiGonally  within  Mode  1.      Where  do  you  posiGon  your  research?  

Research  domain  In  view  of  your  statements:  •  Page  1  :  “the  focus  has  been  on  technology  in  educa/on  for  the  youth”  

•  Page  3:  that  you  enrolled  as  a  “PhD  student  in  InternaGonal  Mul>disciplinary  PhD  studies  in  Educa>onal  Technologies”  

•  Page  11:  “Unlike  most  related  research,  this  is  a  Computer  Science  thesis  which  also  requires  an  element  of  construcGon”  

is  your  research  Mode  1  or  Mode  2?  

Sustainability:  science  or  ficGon?  

Martens,  P.  (2006).  Sustainability:  science  or  ficGon?  e-­‐Journal  Sustainability:  Science,  PracGce  &  Policy.  Vol  2,  No  1.  (pages  36-­‐41)  

Mode-­‐1  Science   Mode-­‐2  Science  

Academic   Academic  and  social  

Mono-­‐disciplinary   Trans-­‐disciplinary  

TechnocraGc   ParGcipaGve  

Certain   Uncertain  

PredicGve   Exploratory  

Knowledge  producGon  

Computer  Science  is  tradiGonally  within  Mode  1.      Where  do  you  posiGon  your  research?  And  how  do  you  think  Design  Science  Research  deals  with  the  Mode  1  and    Mode  2    “anomaly”?  

Research  Design  

In  retrospect,  would  you  have  changed  your  research  design?  

Research  quesGons  and  the  research  design  

How  did  you  map  the  research  quesGons  onto  the  research  design?  

Research  quesGons  and  related  papers  

 Table  2:    Shows  the  links  between  the  papers  and  the  research  ques7ons      

Ques>on   Summary  of  Ques>on   Related  paper  

1   Added  values  of  digital  storytelling    

Paper  (IV),  paper  (V)    

2   Advantages  of  co-­‐designing  with  the  youth    

Paper  (III),  paper  (V),  paper  (I)    

3   Factors  that  facilitate  co-­‐design  

Paper  (IV),  paper  (III),  paper  (V)    

4   CharacterisGcs  of  producGve  design  milieu    

Paper  (VI)  

Research  quesGons  and  papers  

•  In  Table  2  it  is  stated  that  Paper  IV  addresses  the  research  quesGons:    “What  values  are  added  by  making  use  of  digital  storytelling  in  the  design  of  new  learning  environments  for  Sub-­‐Saharan  Africa?”  and    “What  are  the  factors  that  facilitate  the  process  of  co-­‐design?”    

•  However  in  the  discussion  about  Paper  IV,  page  60,  you  explain  

 “…  how  digital  technology  enhances  storytelling”  and  how  it  “neutralises  the  disadvantages  of  tradi7onal  storytelling  …”.      •  You  did  not  address  the  “values  added  by  digital  

storytelling”  or  “the  factors  that  facilitate  the  process  of  co-­‐design”  

QuesGon  versus  Paper  

Ques>on   Paper  results  What  values  are  added  by  making  use  of  digital  storytelling  in  the  design  of  new  learning  environments  for  Sub-­‐Saharan  Africa?  

…  how  digital  technology  enhances  storytelling  

“What  are  the  factors  that  facilitate  the  process  of  co-­‐design?  

..  neutralises  the  disadvantages  of  tradi7onal  storytelling  …  

Please  explain.  

Paper  VI:  Design  milieux  for  learning  environments  in  African  contexts    

Is  it  correct  to  say  that  this  paper  summarizes  the  research  over  the  research  period?  

Paper  VI:  Design  milieux  for  learning  environments  in  African  contexts    

Is  it  correct  to  say  that  this  paper  summarizes  the  research  over  the  research  period?  How  did  you  derive  the  code  book  for  scoring  the  design  milieux?  

Please  explain  this  diagram.  

Findings  

You  discussed  the  findings  of  each  of  the  six  papers  in  Chapter  4  and  discussed  the  findings  of  the  research  ques7ons  in  the  Chapter  6  (Conclusion).      Why  did  you  opt  to  do  so?    

Value  of  Your  Research  

How  is  your  research  of  value  for  computer  science  in  general?    

Value  of  Your  Research  

How  is  your  research  of  value  for  computer  science  in  general?    Is  it  applicable  to  other  paradigms?  

Technical  aspects  of  the  dissertaGon  

How  did  you  deal  with  the  technical  preparaGon  of  the  dissertaGon?  

Technical  aspects  of  the  dissertaGon  

How  did  you  deal  with  the  technical  preparaGon  of  the  dissertaGon?  What  citaGon  style  did  you  use  for  your  references?    

Technical  aspects  of  the  dissertaGon  

How  did  you  deal  with  the  technical  preparaGon  of  the  dissertaGon?  What  citaGon  style  did  you  use  for  your  references?    Did  you  use  a  language  editor  to  edit  the  document  and  check  the  references?  

ReflecGon  

• What  are  the  main  achievements  of  your  research?  

ReflecGon  

• What  are  the  main  achievements  of  your  research?  • What  has  your  dissertaGon  contributed  to  the  knowledge  in  the  field  of  Digital  Storytelling?  

ReflecGon  

• What  are  the  main  achievements  of  your  research?  • What  has  your  dissertaGon  contributed  to  the  knowledge  in  the  field  of  Digital  Storytelling?  • What  were  the  main  challenges  of  your  research?  

ReflecGon  

• What  are  the  main  achievements  of  your  research?  • What  has  your  dissertaGon  contributed  to  the  knowledge  in  the  field  of  Digital  Storytelling?  • What  were  the  main  challenges  of  your  research?  • What  could  you  have  done  beWer?  

ReflecGon  

•  What  are  the  main  achievements  of  your  research?  

•  What  has  your  dissertaGon  contributed  to  the  knowledge  in  the  field  of  Digital  Storytelling?  

•  What  were  the  main  challenges  of  your  research?  

•  What  could  you  have  done  beWer?  •  What  are  the  remaining  issues  that  sGll  need  to  be  addressed?  

Thank  you  

hWp://us.123rf.com/450wm/sergeypykhonin/sergeypykhonin1304/sergeypykhonin130400031/19376832-­‐student.jpg  

Sura  ya  UKIMWI  

Let  us  link  to  the  digital  story  hWp://www.cs.joensuu.fi/~duveskog/EEPD/sura/flash