Defence Data booklet 2012

More information on the European Defence Agency is available at: www.eda.europa.eu

ISBN: 978-92-95075-13-9ISSN: 1831-9513doi: 10.2836/19546

© European Defence Agency, 2013For reproduction or use of this material, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder.

Responsible editor : Eric Platteau

Printed in Belgium

3

Introduction

The European Defence Agency collects defence data on an annual basis. The Ministries of Defence of the Agency’s 27 participating Member States (pMS)1 provide the data. EDA acts as the custodian of the data and publishes the aggregated figures in this booklet. The data are broken down, based on a list of indicators approved by the Agency’s Ministerial Steering Board. This list has four sections, rep-resented in the headings of the booklet:

General: macro-economic data to show how defence budgets relate to GDP and overall government spending.

Reform: major categories of defence budget spend-ing – personnel; investment, including R&T; operation and maintenance and others – to show what defence budgets are spent on.

European collaboration: for defence equipment procure-ment and R&T to show to what extent the Agency’s pMS are investing together.

Deployability: military deployed in crisis management operations to show the ratio between deployments and total military personnel.

In November 2007, the Ministerial Steering Board approved

four collective benchmarks for investment:

Equipment procurement (including R&D/R&T): 20% of total defence spending

European collaborative equipment procurement: 35% of total equipment spending

Defence R&T: 2% of total defence spending

European collaborative defence R&T: 20% of total defence R&T spending

These benchmarks are collective: they apply to the total sum spent by all pMS together.

They are voluntary: turning them into national targets is optional. There are no timelines for realising these bench-marks.

In its final section, this brochure provides the results of the collective benchmarks.

The definitions used for the gathering of the data and some general caveats are listed at the end of the brochure.

1. All EU Member States except Denmark. Data in this publication does not include Croatia which became the 27th EDA Member State on 1 July 2013.

4EDA pMS Aggregated Defence Data 2012The figures refer to the total for all EDA 26 pMS1 and if not otherwise stated, they are nominal.

Total defence expenditure continues to decreaseIn 2012, total defence expenditure of the 26 EDA pMS amounted to € 189.6 billion - a reduction of € 1.1 billion or 0.6% compared to 2011. It represented approximately 1.50% of their total GDP and 3.04% of their total government expenditure, both values being the lowest since 2006. In real terms2, total defence expenditure has been decreasing since 2006. During the period from 2006 to 2011, it dropped by € 21 billion or almost 10% and between 2011 and 2012 it reduced further by almost 3%. Equipment procurement increases, but R&D expenditure reducesPersonnel-related expenditure decreased by almost 3% from 2011 to 2012 and reached its lowest level since 2006 (€ 95.7 billion). Nevertheless, it continues to account for over 50% of total defence expenditure. The second biggest component – operation and maintenance expenditure – also decreased by almost 3% and accounted for 23.7% (€ 44.8 billion) of total defence expenditure. On the other hand, after a sharp decrease in 2011, defence investment,

comprising equipment procurement and R&D expenditure, increased by over 5% in 2012 to reach the same level it was in 2006 (€ 39.0 billion or 20.6% of total expenditure). But the two components of investment moved in different direc-tions: while equipment procurement increased by 17% to € 34.2 billion (18.0% of total expenditure), close to the high-est level achieved in 2010, R&D expenditure experienced the sharpest decrease since 2006 (-38%) and amounted to € 4.8 billion (2.5% of total expenditure), half its 2006 value. As for R&T3, after a slight increase in 2011, it reduced to € 1.93 billion (1.02% of total expenditure), both being the lowest values since 2006.

Collaboration: increases in procurement but decreases in R&T2012 data shows a significant decrease in collaborative expenditure. This is partially due to the fact that one EDA pMS was not able to provide data on collaboration this year. If aggregated data of the 25 pMS for which collabora-tive figures are available is compared, between 2011 and 2012 collaborative equipment procurement increased by

1. Data in this publication does not include Croatia which became the 27th EDA Member State on 1 July 2013, and Denmark which is not an EDA Member State.2. In order to measure real growth and ensure a “real” comparison between years, inflation needs to be taken into account. Thus, data from 2006 to 2011

has been inflated to 2012 economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN – based on weight of EU 27).3. R&T is a subset of R&D which includes only basic research, applied research and technology demonstration, leaving out expenditure for demonstration

or development for which a decision to procure has been taken.

10% while European collaboration increased by 16.5% and accounted for 95.5% of total collaborative equipment pro-curement. As for R&T, expenditure on collaborative projects and programmes decreased by almost 15% during the same period. European collaborative R&T expenditure experienced an even sharper decrease of 38% and accounted for 67.6% of total collaborative R&T expenditure.

Number of military personnel continues to drop while expenditure and investment per military increases2012 saw the sixth consecutive reduction in military person-nel (77.5% of total staff working in defence, the lowest ratio since 2006) and decreased by 6.3% to 1.45 million. On the other hand, the number of civilian personnel increased for the first time since 2006 by 12.8% to 422 315. Whilst military personnel numbers reduced, defence expenditure per military increased by over 6% reaching € 130 457. Defence investment per military also increased by over 12% and stood at € 26 821.

Reduction in troops deployed and in costs of operationsAs regards deployed operations outside the EU territory, similarly to the last three years, the average number of troops deployed decreased both in absolute terms (from 53 744 to 49 550) and as a share of military personnel (from 3.5% to 3.4%) and is now at its lowest level since 2006. For the first time since 2006, costs related to deployed

operations decreased by 8% to € 10.8 billion or 5.7% of total defence expenditure. Operations costs per military deployed also marginally decreased for the first time and stood at € 217 000 in 2012. Progress made on one out of four collective benchmarksIn 2007, EDA pMS agreed on a set of four collective bench-marks for investment. There is no obligation in terms of time-line or adoption of these benchmarks into national targets.

In 2012, only one of the four indicators made progress towards the benchmarks. Due to an increase in defence equipment procurement expenditure, the proportion of investment (equipment procurement and R&D) of total defence expenditure increased from 19.4% to 20.6% thus exceeding the agreed target of 20%. After an increase in 2011, the share of R&T expenditure in total defence expendi-ture decreased to its lowest level since 2006: 1.02% (the benchmark is 2%).

Due to incomplete collaborative data, it is not possible to measure progress towards the two other benchmarks: Euro-pean collaborative equipment procurement as a percentage of total equipment procurement (the benchmark is 35%) and European collaborative defence R&T as a percentage of total defence R&T (the benchmark is 20%). 5

GDP Overall Government Expenditure Defence Expenditure

1. Revised data.

GENERAL - Macro Economic DataGDP, Overall Government Expenditure and Total Defence Expenditure6

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

s 11 316

s 5 303

s 201

s 12 272+1.7%

s 5 729+3.7%

s 201-1.3%

s 11 584-5.6%

s 5 858+2.3%

s 194-3.6%

s 12 046+4.0%

s 6 047+3.2%

s 194-0.3%

s 12 072+6.7%

s 5 525+4.2%

s 204+1.5%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

s 12 411+3.0%

s 6 072+0.4%

s 1911

-1.5%

2011

s 12 653+2.0%

s 6 232+2.6%

s 190-0.6%

2012

7

GDP Overall Government Expenditure Defence Expenditure

1. In order to measure real growth and ensure a ‘real’ comparison between years, inflation needs to be taken into account. Thus, data from 2006 to 2011 has been inflated to 2012 economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN – based on weight of EU 27).

GENERAL – Macro Economic DataGDP, Overall Government Expenditure and Total Defence Expenditure – real comparison1

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

s 12 178

s 5 707

s 216

s 12 650+3.9%

s 5 790+1.4%

s 214-1.2%

2006 2007

s 12 835+1.5%

s 5 992+3.5%

s 211-1.5%

2008

s 12 304-4.1%

s 6 222+3.9%

s 206-2.1%

2009

s 12 503+1.6%

s 6 276+0.9%

s 201-2.6%

2010 2011

s 12 705+1.6%

s 6 216-0.9%

s 195-2.8%

2011

s 12 653-0.4%

s 6 232+0.2%

s 190-2.9%

2012

GENERAL – Macro Economic DataDefence Expenditure in Current and Constant1 Prices8

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

s 204

s 214

s 201

s 216

s 201

s 211

s 194

s 206

s 194

s 201

s 191s 190

s 190

s 195

220

215

210

205

200

195

190

185

Current Prices Constant Prices (2012)

1. Data from 2006 to 2011 has been inflated to 2012 economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN – based on weight of EU 27).

2. Revised data.

8

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112 2012

9

GENERAL – Macro Economic DataDefence Expenditure as % of GDP and as % of Overall Government Expenditure

3.79%3.69%

3.52%3.31%

3.20% 3.14%3.04%

1.54% 1.50%1.61%1.68%1.64%1.69%1.78%

4.0%

3.5%

3.0%

2.5%

2.0%

1.5%

1.0%

Defence Expenditure as a % of Total General Government Expenditure Defence Expenditure as a % of GDP

1. Revised data.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20111 2012

GENERAL – Macro Economic DataExpenditure per Capita

Euro

s10

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

s 23 217

s 10 881

s 413

s 24 648+6.2%

s 11 281+3.7%

s 417+1.0%

s 24 910+1.1%

s 11 628+3.1%

s 409-1.9%

s 23 398-6.1%

s 11 833+1.8%

s 392-4.1%

s 24 280+3.8%

s 12 187+3.0%

s 390-0.5%

s 24 959+2.8%

s 12 212+0.2%

s 3831

-1.7%

s 25 374+1.7%

s 12 497+2.3%

s 380-0.9%

GDP per Capita Government Expenditure per Capita Defence Expenditure per Capita

1. Revised data.

11

REFORM – Defence Expenditure BreakdownDefence Expenditure Breakdown in absolute values

Personnel Operation and Maintenance Investment (Equipment Procurement and R&D) Other expenditure (including Infrastructure)

1. Revised data.

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20111 2012

-2.8%s 44.8

+5.4%s 39.0

+0.5%s 10.0

-2.8%s 95.7

+3.6%s 45.2

-13.8%s 37.0

+19.2%s 10.0

-0.1%s 98.5

-1.0%s 43.7

+4.8%s 42.9

-21.8%s 8.4

+0.3%s 98.7

+2.0%s 44.1

-2.6%s 40.9

+19.5%s 10.7

-8.2%s 98.4

-7.8%s 43.2

+0.3%s 42.0

-4.3%s 8.9

+1.1%s 107.2

+8.1%s 46.9

+7.7%s 41.9

+13.9%s 9.3

-4.2%s 106.0

s 43.4s 38.9

s 8.2

s 110.6

REFORM – Defence Expenditure BreakdownDefence Expenditure Breakdown in absolute values – real comparison112


1. In order to measure real growth and ensure a ‘real’ comparison between years, inflation needs to be taken into account. Thus, data from 2006 to 2011 has been inflated to 2012 economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN – based on weight of EU 27).

2. Revised data.

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201120112 2012

s 46.7s 41.9

s 8.8

s 119.1

-3.2%s 44.8

+3.0%s 39.0

-1.9%s 10.0

-5.1%s 95.7

+2.1%s 46.3

-15.0%s 37.8

+17.6%s 10.2

-1.5%s 100.9

-3.2%s 45.3

+2.4%s 44.5

-23.6%s 8.7

-2.0%s 102.4

+3.6%s 46.8

-1.1%s 43.5

+21.4%s 11.3

-6.8%s 104.5

-8.0%s 45.2

+0.1%s 43.9

-4.4%s 9.3

+0.9%s 112.1

+5.2%s 49.1

+4.8%s 43.9

+10.9%s 9.8

-6.7%s 111.1

13

REFORM – Defence Expenditure BreakdownDefence Expenditure Breakdown in percentages


1. Revised data.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201120111 2012

53.2%

21.5%

20.9%

4.4%

50.5%

23.7%

20.6%

5.3%

51.7%

23.7%

19.4%

5.2%

51.0%

22.6%

22.1%

4.3%

50.7%

22.7%

21.1%

5.5%

51.9%

23.0%

20.5%

4.6%

55.0%

21.6%

19.4%

4.1%

s 201 Bln s 204 Bln s 201 Bln s 194 Bln s 194 Bln s 191 Bln s 190 Bln

REFORM – Investment BreakdownDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D/R&T1 Expenditure in absolute values

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Total Investment Equipment Procurement R&D R&T

s 38.92

s 41.90

+7.7%

s 42.02

+0.3%

s 40.92

-2.6%

s 42.87

+4.8% s 36.96s 38.97

s 4.81

-13.8%

+5.4%

-38.2%

s 32.24

+10.7%

s 33.27

+3.2%

s 32.52

-2.3%

s 34.31

+5.5% s 29.17

s 34.16

s 1.93

-15.0%

+17.1%

-10.0%

s 9.66

-1.3%

s 8.75

-9.5%

s 8.40

-4.0%

s 8.56

+1.9%

s 7.79

-9.0%s 2.54

-4.3%

s 2.48

-2.5%

s 2.26

-8.9%

s 2.08

-8.0%

s 2.15

+3.4%

s 29.13

s 9.79

s 2.66

14

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1. R&T is a subset of R&D.

15

REFORM – Investment BreakdownDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D/R&T as % of Total Defence Expenditure

Defence Equipment Procurement R&D (Includes R&T) Other Defence Expenditure1. Revised data.

80.6%

4.9% (1.32%)

14.5%

19.4%

78.9%

4.3% (1.16%)

16.8%

21.1%

79.5%

4.7% (1.24%)

15.8%

20.5%

79.1%

4.3% (1.23%)

16.5%

20.9%

2006

77.9%

4.4% (1.07%)

17.7%

22.1%

80.6%

4.1% (1.13%)

15.3%

19.4%

79.4%

2.5% (1.02%)

18.0%

20.5%

2010 20111 2012

2007 2008 2009

REFORM – PersonnelNumber of Military and Civilian Personnel

2 425 1692 294 274 2 234 487

2 094 8722 009 907

1 925 4651 875 343

-5.4%

-5.2% -1.7%-8.6%

-3.9%+12.8%

-5.7%

-5.3% -2.0% -7.3% -2.9% -4.3% -6.3%

-2.6% -6.2%

-4.1%-4.2%

-2.6%

16

2 500 000

2 000 000

1 500 000

1 000 000

500 000

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112011 2012

1 940 342

484 827

1 836 882

457 392

1 800 707

433 780

1 668 537

426 335

1 620 188

389 719

1 551 038

374 427

1 453 028

422 315

Military Personnel Civilian Personnel

17

REFORM – Expenditure per MilitaryDefence Expenditure and Investment (Equipment Procurement and R&D) per Military

Defence Expenditure per Military Defence Investment per Military

1. Revised data.

Euro

s

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

s 103 654

s 20 058

s 111 136+7.2%

s 22 812+13.7%

s 111 850+0.6%

s 23 333+2.3%

s 116 324+4.0%

s 24 522+5.1%

s 119 455+2.7%

s 26 458+7.9%

s 122 9251

+2.9%

s 23 829-9.9%

s 130 457+6.1%

s 26 821+12.6%

REFORM – OutsourcingOutsourcing – absolute values and percentages

Outsourcing Remainning Defence Expenditure

93.0%

7.0%

92.7%

7.3%

92.7%

7.3%

93.0%

7.0%

92.9%

7.1%

94.0%

6.0%

92.1%

7.9%

18

Total outsourcing:

€14.1 bln

Total outsourcing:

€15.4 bln

Total outsourcing:

€13.4 bln

Total outsourcing:

€14.5 bln

Total outsourcing:

€12.0 bln

Total outsourcing:

€14.1 bln

Total outsourcing:

€13.8 bln

2010 2011 2012

2006 2007 2008 2009

19

EUROPEAN COLLABORATION – Equipment ProcurementNational and Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement – absolute values

s 6.7

s 29.1

s 34.2

s 29.2

s 34.3

s 32.5s 33.3s 32.2

s 6.8s 8.1 s 8.2 s 7.7 s 7.9

s 6.0

National Defence Equipment Procurement European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement Other Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement

1. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112011 20121

s 0.27

s 28.15

s 0.57

s 21.26

s 0.41

s 26.61

s 1.09

s 24.29

s 7.07

s 1.00

s 25.20

s 0.74

s 25.40

s 6.11s 7.14 s 7.29 s 7.34

s 5.74s 6.08

s 0.58

s 22.47

EUROPEAN COLLABORATION – Equipment ProcurementNational and Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement – percentage breakdown

National Defence Equipment Procurement European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement Other Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement


20

77.1%

2.0%

20.9%

78.8%

2.3%

18.9%

75.8%

3.0%

21.2%

74.7%

3.3%

22.0%

72.9% 82.4%

2.0% 0.8%

25.1% 16.8%

77.6%

1.2%

21.2%

2006

2010 2011 20121

2007 2008 2009

21

EUROPEAN COLLABORATION – R&TNational and Collaborative Defence R&T– absolute values

National Defence R&T European Collaborative Defence R&T Other Collaborative Defence R&T

1. Revised data.2. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.

Bill

ions

of

Euro

s

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201120111 20122

s 0.067

s 1.728

s 0.139

s 0.049

s 1.839

s 0.260

s 0.018

s 1.813

s 0.246

s 0.032

s 1.936

s 0.290

s 0.040

s 2.027

s 0.412

s 0.045

s 2.164

s 0.333

s 0.130

s 2.272

s 0.254

s 2.66s 2.54

s 2.48s 2.26

s 2.08 s 2.15s 1.93

s 0.38s 0.38

s 0.45s 0.32 s 0.26 s0.31

s 0.21

EUROPEAN COLLABORATION – R&TNational and Collaborative Defence R&T – absolute values

85.7%

1.4%

12.8%

87.3%

0.9%

11.8%

85.6%

2.3%

12.1%

85.5%

4.9%

9.6%

85.1%

1.8%

13.1%

81.8%

1.6%

16.6%

22

National Defence R&T European Collaborative Defence R&T Other Collaborative Defence R&T


89.3%

3.5%

7.2%

2006

2010 20111 20122

2007 2008 2009

23

DEPLOYABILITY – Troops DeployedAverage Number of Troops Deployed

4.3% 4.2% 4.5% 4.1% 4.1% 3.5% 3.4%

% of Military Personnel

Number of Military Personnel Average Number of Troops Deployed

2 000 000

1 800 000

1 600 000

1 400 000

1 200 000

1 000 000

800 000

600 000

400 000

200 000

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1 836 882

77 880

1 800 707

80 177

1 668 537

67 767

1 453 028

49 550

1 551 038

53 744

1 620 188

66 313

1 940 342

83 310

DEPLOYABILITY– Deployable and Sustainable (Land) ForcesNumber of Deployable and Sustainable (Land) Forces24

Deployable (Land) Forces Sustainable (Land) Forces

% of Military Personnel

1. Revised data.

500 000

450 000

400 000

350 000

300 000

250 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112011 2012

450 117

106 402

449 702

108 802

425 824

110 814

443 108

106 754

464 574

125 237

444 681

110 482

426 704

99 7111

5.1%

22.0%24.2%

25.8%26.6% 27.8%

27.5%30.9%

7.5%7.1%6.6%6.4%7.0%

6.0%

DEPLOYABILITY – Operations CostsOperations Costs per Military Deployed and Total Operations Costs

25

Operations Costs per Military Deployed

Total Operations Costs

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112011 2012

€ 79

€ 111 € 120€ 145

€ 157

€ 218 € 217

€ 6 613 Mln

€ 8 667 Mln€ 9 653 Mln

€ 9 826 Mln

€ 10 407 Mln

€ 11 700 Mln € 10 761 Mln

Thou

sand

s of

Eur

os

BENCHMARKSDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D Expenditure as % of Total Defence Expenditure26

Defence Equipment Procurement and R&D Expenditure Other Defence Expenditure

1. Revised data.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2006

80.6%

19.4%

2007

79.5%

20.5%

2008

79.1%

20.9%

2009

78.9%

21.1%

2010

77.9%

22.1%

20111

80.6%

19.4%

2012

79.4%

20.6%

80.0%

20.0%

Benchmark

27

BENCHMARKSEuropean Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement as % of Total Equipment Procurement

European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement Other Defence Equipment Procurement


100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2006

79.1%

20.9%

2007

81.1%

18.9%

2008

78.8%

21.2%

2009

78.0%

22.0%

2010

78.8%

21.2%

2011

74.8%

25.2%

20121

83.2%

16.8%

Benchmark

65.0%

35.0%

BENCHMARKSDefence R&T Expenditure as % of Total Defence Expenditure28

Defence R&T Expenditure Remaining Defence Expenditure

1. Revised data.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2006

98.68%

1.32%

2007

98.76%

1.24%

98.0%

Benchmark

2.0%

2012

98.98%

1.02%

20111

98.87%

1.13%

2010

98.93%

1.07%

2009

98.84%

1.16%

2008

98.77%

1.23%

29

BENCHMARKSEuropean Collaborative Defence R&T as % of Total Defence R&T

European Collaborative Defence R&T Other Defence R&T


100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Benchmark2006

90.4%

9.6%

2007

86.9%

13.1%

2008

83.4%

16.6%

2009

87.2%

12.8%

2010

88.2%

11.8%

20111

87.9%

12.1%

20122

92.8%

7.2%

80.0%

20.0%

Additional Notes on the Data

EDA receives the data from the Ministries of Defence of the 27 pMS. On occasions the data can be revised and this may have an impact on the overall aggregated figures. In order to have the most up-to-date data please check EDA’s website for updates:http://www.eda.europa.eu/

Data on GDP, General Government Expenditure and Population have been collected from Eurostat. However, this data is occasionally revised which may impact some of the data calculated by EDA.

The data provided is at aggregate level which can produce different figures from other sources due to rounding.

For some spending categories, a margin of error exists as accounting systems in the pMS differ. Nevertheless, the presented data represents the best publicly avail-able figures.

Comparisons are made for 2006 to 2012. It should be noted that more firm trend analysis will only be possible after several years of data-gathering.

Significant changes in the exchange rates with the Euro has had a considerable impact on the 2008 data; the lower amount of defence expenditure is partly caused by significant drops of some of the pMS' currency exchange rates to the Euro.

Additional Notes on the Data30

31

DefinitionsData collection is based on definitions approved by the pMS. The definitions below have been shortened and edited for this publication.

Macroeconomic data: GDP, General Government Expendi-ture and Population are based on data from Eurostat.

Total defence expenditure is defined as total Minis-try of Defence (MoD) expenditure and defence related expenditure from other sources (other Ministries’ special budgetary lines).

Civilian personnel: the authorised strength of all civilian personnel on 31 December of each year employed by all military establishments and the armed forces.

Military personnel: the authorised strengths of all active military personnel on 31 December of each year.

Personnel expenditure: all personnel-related expendi-ture for military and civilian personnel, including from non-MoD sources.

Defence equipment procurement expenditure: expendi-ture for all major equipment categories.

Research and Development (R&D): any R&D programmes up to the point where expenditure for production of equip-ment starts to be incurred.

Research and Technology (R&T): expenditure for basic research, applied research and technology demonstration for defence purposes. It is a subset of R&D.

Investment: Equipment procurement and R&D (including R&T) expenditure.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) expenditure: covers

O&M (spare parts and supplies) of major equipment, other equipment and supplies, and costs related to maintaining utilities and infrastructure.

Other expenditure: all other expenditure that cannot be attributed to any of the above categories.

Outsourcing: defence expenditure for which services have been contracted at central level with service suppliers from outside the MoD and/or Armed Forces.

European Collaboration (a subset of Collaboration): agreement by at least two EU Member States’ Ministries of Defence for project or programme contracts. Possible non-EU partners’ share in such contracts is lower than 50%.

Other collaborative expenditure: all collaborative expendi-ture that does not fall under the European Collaboration definition.

Average number of troops deployed: average number of troops deployed throughout the year (all Armed Forces).

Deployable (land) forces: (land) forces troops prepared for deployed operations (the NATO 50% target).

Sustainable (land) forces: (land) forces troops under-taking or planned for sustained operations (the NATO 10% target).

Operations costs: all national expenditure to cover incre-mental (extra) costs linked to deployed operations outside the EU Member States’ territory.

European Defence AgencyRue des Drapiers 17-23B-1050 Brussels - Belgiumwww.eda.europa.euTel +32 2 504 28 00Fax +32 2 504 28 [email protected]

www.eda.europa.eu QU

-AB-13

-00

2-EN-C

Defence Data booklet 2012

Documents