Deep Water Offshore Wind and the Hydrogen Economy: the Alternative to Costly Grid Enhancement 27 May 2013 Presenter: Andrew R. Gizara, Founder, Integrated.

Deep Water Offshore Wind and the Hydrogen Economy: the Alternative to Costly Grid Enhancement

27 May 2013Presenter: Andrew R. Gizara, Founder, Integrated Power Technology Corporation

© 2013 Integrated Power Technology Corporation 1

Integrated Power Technology Corporation http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/

Deep Water Offshore Wind and the Hydrogen Economy:

the Alternative to Costly Grid Enhancement

Presenter: Andrew R. Gizara, Founder and Chief Engineer










3)( mtTmT vAP

Total power output is cubically proportional to motive fluid

velocity in a turbine

• Any turbine will capture twice more power for motive fluid velocity improvement of only 26%.

• Capacity Factor doubles merely by capturing energy in 9 m/s winds compared to 7 m/s winds.




Hellman Wind Gradient Model shows this can be achieved at

300m

• (Impossible for Fixed Wind Turbines);

• But is already in use commercially:-




Density of water is approximately seven hundred seventy four times greater than air near 0° C.

Water through the turbine and high altitude winds to pull the turbine over the sea:

• Substantially smaller system form-factor;• Lower materials cost for equivalent energy yields;• Immensely scalable (Square-Cube Law & Geographically).

CAirOH 0@7742




Navigation of Fleets by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system Human Machine

Interface (SCADA HMI)




Patented SCADASupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system

comprises:

• Weather prediction and tracking data aggregation (GIS);

• Commodity price and currency exchange rate data for Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Assessment;

• Configuration Data;

• Unmanned Marine Vehicle (UMV);

• Vessel Velocity Performance Prediction (VPP);

• Path cost or path yield analysis algorithm.




Mobile Hybrid Craft profitably overcome existing Offshore Fixed Platform costs: direct grid

connection cabling, foundations, installation, O&M, Resource Intermittency.

Existing Total costs: £3.1M/MW and over £140/MWh*

• Foundations, Cable, Cable Installation, Grid Connect ~48% Total.

• Cable installation problems incur huge losses, most exceeding $1M;

Common cable installation vessel issues/costs:• Weather window;• Speed of installation;• Large Offshore Crew payroll, Typically 60 crew members;• Insurance;• Permitting.

* Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA) of the Low Carbon Innovation Co-ordination Group (LCICG)




A fleet of remote-controlled mobile craft mitigate or circumvent existing risks/costs:

• Capacity Factor optimized by weather prediction;• Resource Intermittency;• Oversubscribed Grid/Curtailment;• Storage feedstock scarcity;• Land-Use Restrictions, Aesthetic Objections (“NIMBY”),

eliminated;• Regulatory Delays minimized,

• International waters under limited jurisdiction, IMO, UNCLOS, only;

• Foreign Flag, Flag of Convenience, Open Registry;• Load Balancing/Baseload Functionality;• Installation and Maintenance Difficulty/Costs minimized;• Port-Side maintenance (not dangerous field) procedures;• Susceptibility to Damage from Severe Weather reduced.




Mobile versus Fixed Structure Bottom Line

• The increased Capacity Factor pays for the round trip storage inefficiency.

• Eliminating the cost of EIS, Foundations, Cable, Cable Installation, Grid Connect pays for the mobile hybrid craft.

• Performing assembly-line maintenance procedures at a central location instead of dangerous field maintenance further enhances profitability.




A Novel Aero/Hydrokinetic Hybrid Structure

(closer look)




Multi-Hull Turbofoil®-equipped Vessel

Front view, cross-section







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North Sea and North Atlantic Averages

UK Offshore Wind Market Study – Final Report A report by Redpoint Energy Limited in association with GL Garrad Hassan, October 2012




Commodities available from these Mobile Hybrid craft:

• Metric Tonnes of Ammonia; • kg-H2; • kWh of electricity (Electric Vehicle Batteries);• Seawater-to-HydroCarbon.

Ammonia is an energy carrier, fertilizer, and environmental remediation (i.e. Amine H2S & CO2 scrubbing) feedstock, other environmental remediation reagents produced by Mobile Hybrid Craft include:• Oxygen;• Chlorine Bleach - sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) – 4mg/l

abates phytoplankton blooms and other fouling species;• Caustic Soda, (Lye) NaOH.




Operational Paradigm




Barge/Tug path for all Cork, Ireland examples

Ammonia Production, Cork, Ireland, April 3, 7, 9, 2013




Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary

Total Travel and Offloading Time: 7.10 hours.

Total Distance Traveled: 204.89 nautical miles.

Ammonia Production, Cork, Ireland in 25 knot (avg.) winds, April 3, 2013

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/Cork_3_4_2013_1200_NH3.htm

Total Metric Tonnes of NH3 stored:

4.40 metric tonnes

Average Metric Tonnes of NH3 per hour: 0.62 mt(NH3)/h

LCOE (NH3):

$66 USD/MWh






3.26 metric tonnes


"LCOE (NH3)":

$66 USD/MWh





.









3.41 metric tonnes


"LCOE (NH3)":

$66 USD/MWh





Hydrogen Production, Cork, Ireland in 25 knot (avg.) winds, April 3, 2013




Total Metric Tonnes of H2 stored:

1.42 metric tonnes

Average Metric Tonnes of H2 per hour: 0.09 mt(H2)/h

"LCOE (H2)":

$82 USD/MWh

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/Cork_3_4_2013_1200_H2.htm







1.22 metric tonnes

Average Metric Tonnes of H2 per hour:

0.12 mt(H2)/h

"LCOE (H2)":

$74 USD/MWh













1.47 metric tonnes

Average Metric Tonnes of H2 per hour:

0.12 mt(H2)/h

"LCOE (H2)":

$75 USD/MWh




EV Battery Charging, Kodiak, Alaska in 26 knot (avg.) winds, March 13, 2013

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/Kodiak_3_13_2013_N_EV.htm



Total Distance Traveled: 110.12 nautical miles

Average # of EV Batteries Charged per hour: 20.50 EV Batteries/h

"LCOE (EV)":

$52 USD/MWh




Grid Feed-in, per storage means:• Hydrogen Fuel Cell:

• ~72% efficient;• >>$1000USD/kW;

• Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell (SOFC, PCCFC):• ~72% efficient;• ~$1000USD/kW;

• Ammonia Drop-in Replacement for Combined Cycle Gas-fired Turbine:• ~72% efficient;• ~$1000USD/kW;

• EV Battery + Inverter:• ~90% efficient;• <<$1000USD/kW;

Which stakeholder owns Fuel Cell/EV Batteries?




Technology SummaryMobile Hybrid Craft are feasible, beneficial and, when mass produced, likely more profitable and functional than fixed onshore and offshore grid-tied stored wind.• Higher Capacity Factor due to weather prediction and tracking;• Wide Geographically Diversified Distributed Generation, Deepwater

ready;• Reduced Maintenance and Operation costs;• Much less permitting, no environmental impact nor land lease costs; • Installation difficulties eliminated and much wider windows of

opportunity for deployment;• Enhanced functionality such as Load Balancing and Baseload

functionality due to distributed storage: Higher Capacity Factor, and no cable nor foundation - infrastructure savings pays for storage inefficiency;

• Immense Scalability, Grid Feed-in, Fuel, or other Commodities.




Best available estimate of cost savings over offshore

platforms is 50%


Versus Existing Platforms

Which stakeholder owns Fuel Cell?




Development (four stages)

• Celtic Mist + Schottel Turbine or Bow Thruster

• Turbine-equipped Catamaran (for speed, with storage)

• Integrate converging technologies, e.g. remote control

• Full-scale vessel, maximising all system’s advantages.




From Desk to Practical Research

Thruster from SCHOTTEL GmbH

Propulsion by CELTIC MIST

• one of 2 wind-powered research vessels in EU

Turbofoil® Power take-off means is closer to ship bow-thrusters than to wind turbine technology trials with:

Development




DevelopmentThruster from SCHOTTEL GmbH

Advantages of the SCHOTTEL Rim Thruster in brief: • High performance

• Eco-friendly

• Low noise

• Low vibrations

• Compact design

• Water-lubricated bearings

• Exchangeable blades

• Exchangeable slide bearings

http://www.schottel.de/news-events/news/news-detail/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=113&cHash=2a6dc83c6dd932896be9595e054fe313




DevelopmentThruster from SCHOTTEL GmbH

SCHOTTEL Rim Thruster (SRT) sizes:

Type Inner diameter Rated power [mm] [kW]

SRT 800 800200

SRT 1000 1000315

SRT 1250 1250500

SRT 1600 1600800

http://www.schottel.de/news-events/news/news-detail/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=113&cHash=2a6dc83c6dd932896be9595e054fe313




DevelopmentSCHOTTEL TIDAL GENERATOR STG 50

http://www.schottel.de/schottel-group/schottel-worldwide/josef-becker-forschungszentrum/schottel-tidal-and-current-energy/

• Robust, simple and light-weight

• Low investment cost

• Low maintenance cost

• High availability

• Flexible, modular approach

• Scalable in terms of quantity

• Compatible with various support structures

• High efficiency & low thrust




DevelopmentSCHOTTEL TIDAL GENERATOR STG 50

http://www.schottel.de/schottel-group/schottel-worldwide/josef-becker-forschungszentrum/schottel-tidal-and-current-energy/

• Horizontal free flow turbine

• Rotor diameter: 4.0 to 4.5 m

• Rated flow speed approx. 2.5 m/s

• Maximum flow speed 5.0 m/s

• Rated power 45 to 50 kW (Grid-ready)

• Drive train and generator water cooled




DevelopmentPropulsion by CELTIC MIST • 56 ft steel hulled ketch

• 350 hp diesel Caterpillar Engine

• Displacement c30 tonnes

• Maximum speed of 8.5knots

350hp = 260995W @ 8.5 knots

http://www.rvcelticmist.ie/




DevelopmentSCHOTTEL Thruster or Tidal Generator on Celtic Mist SRT800 or

SRT1600

or STG 50

Existing mounting




DevelopmentSCHOTTEL Thruster or Tidal Generator on Celtic Mist SRT800 power 21518 W @ 8.5 knots vessel

velocity

plus Celtic Mist 260995 W

total Sail power required = 282513 W

a wind speed of 22.3 knots is required to attain 282513 W from a 300m2 spinnaker in a running point-of-sail.

or SRT1600 power 86072 W @ 8.5 knots vessel velocity

plus Celtic Mist 260995 W

total Sail power required = 347067 W

a wind speed of 23.9 knots is required to attain 347067 W from a 300m2 spinnaker in a running point-of-sail.

or STG 50 • Rated flow speed approx. 2.5 m/s

• Maximum flow speed 5.0 m/s

• Rated power 45 to 50 kW




Development

PS=PVD+PTD [1]

ηSPS=PVD + PTO/ηT [2]

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/SRT_model.xls




DevelopmentCELTIC MIST Sail Plan Migration

Fore-and-Aft Rigging (existing)

Spinnaker (new)

Traction Kite (new)

HMRC: Numerical modelling http://www.ucc.ie/en/hmrc/facilities/modelling/

"MultiSurf“ VPP

http://www.aerohydro.com/

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/HMRC_Summary.doc

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/Celtic_Mist_Tech_Questons.doc

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/sail_vectors.xls




Turbofoil® Towing Tank Testing Development

Flow Flow

Existing SRT SRT adapted for Turbofoil®

Adapt SRT series design for cross flow

Transpose turbine axis of rotation









Gate Closed Test:

• Lift

• Drag

• Angle of Attack

• External Cavitation





Gate Open Test:

• Turbine Power Output

• Turbine Efficiency, ηT

• Internal Cavitation





Hydrofoil CFD Analysis




Turbofoil® Vessel R&D Development

Turbofoil® Prototype Vessel

• ~10m length

• <10 tonnes displacement catamaran

• Generating ~70 kW (100hp) in 25 knots winds

• ~0.5 gallon of gasoline equivalent “gge” per hour energy storage.





Turbofoil® Pilot Production Vessel

• ~40m length

• 100-200 tonnes displacement catamaran

• Turbofoil® of rectangular aspect ratio between hulls

• Generating 2-5MW in 25 knots winds

• 1 -to- 3 tonnes per day energy storage.





Unmanned Marine Vessel Development:

GREX (FP6-IST-2006-035223)• ATLAS ELEKTRONIK GmbH

• Innova S.p.A

• SeaByte Ltd.

• Technische Universität Ilmenau

MOOS (Mission Oriented Operating System)• Oxford

• MIT





Unmanned Marine Vessel Development:

GREX (FP6-IST-2006-035223)





Complete software integration of:

SCADA ( http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/scada.htm )

GIS ( http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/gis.htm )

VPP ( http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/vpp.htm )

UMV ( http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/umv.htm ) http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/Exe_Sum_index.htm




Quote:

“The Ocean is the Ultimate Solution.”The Ocean is the Ultimate Solution.”

[email protected]

Thank You!




Wind Power Estimation for a High Altitude Sail (~300m)

The following models conservatively estimate a Hellman Exponent of α=0.12 to indicate a wind speed at a height of 300m to be 1.32 times greater than at 30m.

In latitudes furthest from the equator, colder temperatures form greater air stability, and thus α=0.12 will conservatively estimate practically all wind gradients.







Year 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. Turbofoil equipped vessels: 2 5 10 20 40 80

Revenue $4.9M $12.3M $24.7M $49.4M $98.8M $198M

Cost of Goods Sold $4.7M $10.8M $21.1M $41.5M $82.4M $164M

R&D $750K $1.5M $1.8M $2M $2.3M $2.5M

M&S $100K $200K $350K $600K $600K $600K

G&A $75K $100K $200K $250K $300K $300K

PBT -$681K -$279K $1.29M $5M $13M $30M

Operating Expenses $925K $1.8M $2.4M $2.9M $3.2M $3.4M

Capital (incl.prior 3 yrs R&D) -$15.7M -$16.1M -$14.7M -$9.7M $3.5M $33.4M

Ammonia Spot Market Business Model

$675/mt (NH3 spot market 2012 average price), $6.5M/Turbofoil® debt financed -10yr @ 10%, Barges and tugs rented.

http://www.intpowertechcorp.com/PL_Barge.xls




Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area: 200 g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 152.39 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; NH3 Compressor/fuel pump efficiency: 94 %; Ammonia Synthesis efficiency: 7.5 kWh/kg(NH3); Offloading (dock) time estimate: 0.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; NH3 Spot Price: $700.00 USD/metric tonne; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for NH3 Synthesizer: $300,000.00 USD/Mt(NH3)/day; Cap. Ex. for NH3 Storage tanks: $20.00 USD/US gallon (NH3); Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 120 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending.

Appendix:

Ammonia Production, Cork, Ireland in 25 knot (avg.) winds, April 3, 2013Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary






Appendix:






.




Appendix:

Ammonia Production, Cork, Ireland in 28 knot (avg.) winds, April 9, 2013Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary







Appendix:

Hydrogen Production, Cork, Ireland in 25 knot (avg.) winds, April 3, 2013Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary


Total Distance Traveled: 451.04 nautical miles.Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area:

200 g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 152.39 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; H2 Electrolysis Efficiency: 72 %; H2 Storage Efficiency: 94 %; Offloading (dock) time estimate: 0.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; Wholesale H2 Price: $3.75 USD/kg; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Electrolyzer/Compressor: $1,000.00 USD/kWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Storage Tank or Container: $1,000.00 USD/kg(H2); Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 144 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending.




Appendix:




Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area: 200 g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 152.39 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; H2 Electrolysis Efficiency: 72 %; H2 Storage Efficiency: 94 %; Offloading (dock) time estimate: 0.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; Wholesale H2 Price: $3.75 USD/kg; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Electrolyzer/Compressor: $1,000.00 USD/kWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Storage Tank or Container: $1,000.00 USD/kg(H2); Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 120 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending.




Appendix:



Total Distance Traveled: 404.81 nautical miles.Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area: 200

g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 152.39 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; H2 Electrolysis Efficiency: 72 %; H2 Storage Efficiency: 94 %; Offloading (dock) time estimate: 0.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; Wholesale H2 Price: $3.75 USD/kg; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Electrolyzer/Compressor: $1,000.00 USD/kWe; Cap. Ex. for H2 Storage Tank or Container: $1,000.00 USD/kg(H2); Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 120 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending




Appendix:

EV Battery Charging, Kodiak, Alaska in 26 knot (avg.) winds, March 13, 2013Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary



Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area: 200 g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 152.39 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; Battery Charging Efficiency: 85 %; Offloading (dock) time estimate: 1.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; Wholesale Electricity Price: $0.08 USD/kWh; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 120 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending.




Appendix:

EV Battery Charging, Kodiak, Alaska in 24 knot (avg.) winds, March 21, 2013Turbofoil® Itinerary Summary



Estimates Based on: Sail Area: 1,800 m2; Sail Span: 100 m; Sail Attack Angle: 30 º; Sail Mass/Area: 200 g/m2; Wind Vector Measured Altitude: 10 m; Sail Altitude: 300 m; Hellman Wind Gradient Exponent, "α": 0.12 ; No Go - Minimum Angle, "α" into Apparent Wind: 50 °; Air Density, ρA, @ 25°C: 1.18 kg/m3; Vessel length: 38 m; Vessel Beam (widest hull width): 10 m; Vessel Displacement: 18.99 (metric tonnes); Hydrofoil Span = Turbine Intake (Gate): 10 m; Thickness of foil divided by chord "C-bar": 0.35 (unitless); Foil depth divided by chord "h-bar": 1 (unitless); Aspect ratio (Foil span/chord) "λ": 8 (unitless); mp: 0.7 (unitless); Water Vapor Pressure pd @ 25°C: 3.2 kN/m2; ρS, Seawater Density: 1024 kg/m3; μS, Dynamic Viscosity of Seawater: 0.00108 Pa·s; Turbine Efficiency: 50 %; Generator Electrical Efficiency: 92 %; Battery Charging Efficiency: 85 %; Offloading (dock) time estimate: 1.5 hours; Number of Turbofoils per Vessel: 3 ; Total Generator Power Output Limit: 5 MW; Wholesale Electricity Price: $0.14 USD/kWh; Capital Expenditure for Structure: $6,000.00 USD/DWT; Cap. Ex. for Turbofoil® Turbine only: $100.00 USD/kWm; Cap. Ex. for Electrical Generators: $271,500.00 USD/MWe; Cap. Ex. for SCADA/GIS/VPP/UMV Control & Communication: $500,000.00 (total); Annual insurance premium: 2.00% ; Annual interest: 10.00% ; Term: 10 (years); periods per year: 12 ; Crew Cost: $60.00 USD/hour; Hours/Week in operation: 120 ; Docking and Maintenance Costs: $20,000.00 USD/month; THESE ESTIMATES REPRESENT "FORWARD-LOOKING" DATA, YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. Protected by U.S. and International patents and Patents Pending.

Deep Water Offshore Wind and the Hydrogen Economy: the Alternative to Costly Grid Enhancement 27 May 2013 Presenter: Andrew R. Gizara, Founder, Integrated.

Documents

deep water offshore

hydrogen economy

total power output

density of water

fixed wind turbines

hellman wind gradient

chief engineer slide

data acquisition scada