deconstructivism

HISTORY PRESENTATION

NAJAH ABDUL RAHMAN11BAR1022S5, B.ARCH

MESSOA

DECONSTRUCTIVISM

Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture  that began in the late 1980s. It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction", which is a form of semiotic analysis. It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture, such as structure and envelope. Deconstructing is to deform a rationally structured space so that the elements within that space are forced into new relationships. It features a lot of chopping up, layering, and fragmenting.

HISTORY• Deconstructivism came to public notice with the

1982 Parc de la Villette architectural design competition, the Museum of Modern Art’s 1988 Deconstructivist Architecture exhibition in New York, organized by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley, and the 1989 opening of the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, designed by Peter Eisenman.

• The New York exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and Bernard Tschumi.

PHILOSOPHY

Deconstruction is primarily concerned with something tantamount to a critique of the western philosophical traditions.

Metaphysics of presence is the main subject of deconstructivist philosophy in architecture theory.

Its seeks to expose ,and then to subvert the various binary oppositions that undergrid our dominant ways of thinking-presence/absence , speech/writing , and so forth.

Deconstructivism attempts to move away from the supposedly constricting rules of modernism such as ‘form follows function’, ‘purity of form’.

BUILDINGS

• Jewish Museum, Berlin by Daniel Libeskind

• The Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain by Frank Gehry.

• Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, California, by Frank Gehry.

• UFA-Palast in Dresden, Germany, by Coop Himmelblau.

BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUM

BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUM

The Jewish Museum Berlin  is one of the largest Jewish Museums in Europe. In two buildings, one of which is a new addition specifically built for the museum by architect Daniel Libeskind.The museum consists of three spaces. All three of the underground tunnels, or "axes," intersect and may represent the connection between the three realities of Jewish life in Germany, as symbolized by each of the three spaces: Continuity with German history, Emigration from Germany, and the Holocaust.

The intersection of tunnels underneath the museum.

 The Museum itself, consisting of about 161,000 square feet (15,000 square meters), is a twisted zig-zag and is accessible only via an underground passage from the Berlin Museum's baroque wing. Its shape is reminiscent of a warped Star of David. A "Void," an empty space about 66 feet (20 m) tall, slices linearly through the entire building. An irregular matrix of windows cuts in all orientations across the building's facade. A thin layer of zinc coats the building's exterior, which will oxidize and turn bluish as it weathers.

•A second underground tunnel connects the Museum proper to the E.T.A. Hoffmann Garden, or The Garden of Exile, whose foundation is tilted. The Garden's oleaster grows out of reach, atop 49 tall pillars.•The final underground tunnel leads from the Museum to the Holocaust Tower, a 79 foot (24 m) tall empty silo. The bare concrete Tower is neither heated nor cooled, and its only light comes from a small slit in its roof.

One of the facades

Plan

The irregular matrix of windows

ANALYSIS

•Deconstructivism maintains a level of self-criticism, as well as external criticism and tends towards maintaining a level of complexity.•Deconstructivism is a purely formal exercise with little social significance.•Since the act of deconstructivism is not an empirical process, it can result in whatever an architect wishes, and it thus suffers from a lack of consistency• Today there is a sense that the philosophical underpinnings of the beginning of the movement have been lost, and all that is left is the aesthetic of deconstructivism.

ECO-SENSITIVE DESIGN•Eco sensitive designed building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition•Eco-sensitive architecture is architecture that utilizes environmentally conscious design techniques. • The common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradationThis brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.

BEDZEDBeddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED) is an environmentally friendly housing development in Hackbridge, London, England.It was designed by the architect Bill Dunster .

PRINCIPLES Zero energy—The project is designed to use only energy from renewable

sources generated on site. There are 777 square metres (8,360 sq ft) of solar panels. Tree waste fuels the development's cogeneration plant (downdraft gasifier) to provide district heating and electricity.

Energy efficient—The houses face south to take advantage of solar gain, are triple glazed, and have high thermal insulation.

Water efficient—Most rain water falling on the site is collected and reused. Appliances are chosen to be water-efficient and use recycled water when possible. A "living machine" system of recycling waste water was installed.

Low-impact materials—Building materials were selected from renewable or recycled sources within 35 miles (56 km) of the site, to minimize the energy required for transportation.

Waste recycling—Refuse-collection facilities are designed to support recycling.

Transport—The development works in partnership with the United Kingdom's leading car-sharing operator, City Car Club. Residents are encouraged to use this environmentally friendly alternative to car ownership; an on-site selection of vehicles are available for use.

Encourage eco-friendly transport—Electric and liquefied-petroleum-gas cars have priority over cars that burn petrol and diesel, and electricity is provided in parking spaces for charging electric cars.

•Buildings incorporate energy and water efficient technologies that are not as readily available in traditional buildings . Buildings typically involve less maintenance. The indoor air quality is improved via natural and healthy materials. Buildings utilize clean energy sources such as solar and wind power•Costs associated with green building make the building methods cost-prohibitive.•When utilizing green building cooling components, such as natural ventilation, consumers do not have a precise mechanism to increase or decrease exact temperatures. •Differences in structural orientation will affect how natural daylight enters the building structure, with this in mind there may be a need to install more overhangs, blinds, or shades.•Green roofs are comprised of multiple layers including a vegetation layer, growing medium, drainage or water storage, insulation, a waterproofing membrane, and roof support. Since they are usually heavier than a traditional roof, builders need to improve upon the existing roof’s strength in order to install a green roof.

ANALYSIS