DECOLONIZATION Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man. - Mahatma Gandhi Common Themes Leading to African Decolonization Theme Historical Example & Date Self-Determination Revolution (peaceful or violent) Since World War 2 Cultural Pride Resentment of Imperial Rule Influence of US or USSR Arab-Israeli Conflict Cause and Effect Use the information found on pp. 440-445 to complete a cause and effect chart of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
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DECOLONIZATION
Non-violence is the
greatest force at the
disposal of mankind.
It is mightier than the
mightiest weapon of
destruction devised
by the ingenuity of
man.
- Mahatma Gandhi
Common Themes Leading to African Decolonization
Theme Historical Example & Date
Self-Determination
Revolution (peaceful or violent) Since World War 2
Cultural Pride
Resentment of Imperial Rule
Influence of US or USSR
Arab-Israeli Conflict Cause and Effect
Use the information found on pp. 440-445 to complete a cause and effect chart of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
UN Declaration of Human Rights
Look through the UN Declaration of Human Rights and find 3 sections you could use to gain your independence. Why were these selections must important to you?
end slavery, filled in gaps of western knowledge of
Africa, sought the source of the Nile, died in 1873
without finding it.
11 1919, Indian na onalists protest Bri sh gvt
conscrip on of Indian soldiers & heavy war tax,
troops fire on unarmed demonstrators (1K)
13 Britain wanted their land for labor in diamond
fields, destroy autonomous African states, and to
occupy Boer land claims on land held by their
kingdom. They were ul mately defeated by Brits in
1879
15 What all colonies wanted
16 1857, social, poli cal, & technological reforms by
Britain set stage for rebellion in India (Hint: guns)
DOWN
1 Joint‐stock company that conquered India in 1757
2 Leopold II of __was keen on establishing his country as an
imperial power, formed Congo Free State in 1885, was respon‐
sible for widespread atroci es commi ed under his rule
against his colonial subjects.
(20 M dead, thousands maimed)
3 Former O oman states were examples of these
4 1896, shortest war in history, las ng for a grand total of 38
minutes, treaty b/w Britain and Germany in 1890, treaty drew
up spheres of influence b/w imperial powers in East Africa
7 Berlin ___ 1884–85, regulated European coloniza on and
trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, coincided
with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.
Independence in Africa
Read the information about independence movements in Africa in the packet. Write a comparison para-graph that compares the similarities and differences between the independence movements in two of the African states. (Note: “Both states have different leaders” will not suffice as a difference. Think in terms of “GPIRATES”. You may look up information if you need it to write an acceptable paragraph.
Steps of Indian Independence
Step 1: Independence
Step 2: Partition of India
Step 3: India Today
What were the main aspects of the movement?
BRIC‐the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly ad‐vanced economic development. A related acronym, BRICS, includes South Africa. The acronym has come into wide‐spread use as a symbol of the apparent shi in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world. Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States make up the G7 countries. The European Union is also represented within the G7.
Thesis that summarizes a similarity
and a difference
One piece of evidence of a similarity
One piece of evidence of a difference
Paragraph MUST have:
Egypt, the Aswan Dam, and the Suez Canal 1. How did Nasser anger the US?
2. What event in 1956 started the Suez Crisis?
What did Israel do after Egypt placed a blockade on Israeli shipping?
Why did the US get involved?
How was Nasser seen at the end of the conflict? Why?
3. What was the goal of pan-Arabism?
4. What was the Arab League?
5. What was an example of how pan-Arabism unified states in the Middle East? (Hint: You should have just read about it.)
6. Why was the union of these two states unstable?
7. What damaged Nasser’s positive image in the Arab world?
8. Who took over after Nasser died in 1970? How were his policies different from those of Nasser?
9. What and when ended his power in Egypt?
INDEPENDENCE
INDIA
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST SETTING Know these places that were formerly part of British India.
EVOLUTION of the INDIAN
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENTBRITISH RULE
I.N.CONGRESS
GANDHI
CIVIL RESISTANCE
PARTITION
REPUBLIC OF INDIA WORLD’s LARGEST DEMOCRACY!
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU 1st PRESIDENT OF INDIA GANDHI’s FRIEND SUPPORTED WESTERN
STYLE INDUSTRIALIZATION
ETHNIC/RELIGIOUSCONFLICT CONTINUES
COMMON THEMES SELF-DETERMINATION
o (UN CHARTER) PEACEFUL/VIOLENT
REVOLUTIONS SINCE WWII PRIDE IN AFRICAN
CULTURE RESENTMENT OFIMPERIAL (EUROPEAN)RULE EUROPE LOSES COLONIES
INFLUENCE OFSUPERPOWERS (US/USSR)
EXAMPLES ALGERIA
GHANA
KENYA
SOUTH AFRICA
WAR WITH
FRANCE
VIOLENT STRUGGLE
APARTHEID MANDELA
FALL OF THE MANDATES ESTABLISHED BY THE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS GRANTED INDEP.
AFTER WWII LED TO RELIGIOUS
CONFLICTS
ISRAEL (PALESTINE) EGYPT Prime Minister Golda Meir
Victory in Yom Kippur War
Key AMERICAN ALLY
President Gamel Nasser Won Suez Canal from GB Friends with the USSR Aswan High Dam
AFRICA With basically all of Africa getting conquered in the late 19th century/early 20th century, and Africa being totally independent today; below is the story of how that happened.
UNITED NATIONS
ARTICLE 73
Members of the United Nations which have…responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a
full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount:
to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and
educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;
to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist
them in the progressive development of their free political institutions
GHANA “SELF GOVERNMENT NOW!”
Led by Kwame Nkrumah
Fought for Independence
o NONVIOLENTLY
“Positive Action”
o Strikes, Protest, etc.
1957: 1st Sub Saharan
African Nation to gain
INDEPENDENCE! MVP: KWAME NKRUMAH
“Peace does not include a vendetta; there will be
neither winners nor losers”.
ALGERIA Largest Country in Africa
France’s Primary Colony
9M Muslim Arabs/1 M French
1954: FLN (Algerian National
Liberation Front) announced
that they would fight forfreedom
Bloody War followed
France realized that
it could not be held
by force
July 1962=
INDEPENDENCE
KENYA “Where there has been racial hatred, it must be ended. Where there
has been tribal animosity, it will be finished. Let us not dwell upon the bitterness of the past.”
British settlers took the best
farmland
Jomo Kenyatta worked non-
violently for Indep.
Mau Mau- Fought the British
settlers violently
1963= INDEPENDENCE JK= 1st President MVP: JOMO KENYATTA