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Child Malnutrition in Child Malnutrition in
Maharashtra (India) Maharashtra (India) August 2013August 2013-- January 2014January 2014
Situation, Efforts, Decline and ChallengesSituation, Efforts, Decline and Challenges
A Review A Review
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A Review A Review For the State Nutrition MissionFor the State Nutrition Mission
P o w e r P o i n t 5 / 6P o w e r P o i n t 5 / 6
Nutrition Rehab for SAM MAM babiesNutrition Rehab for SAM MAM babies
Dr Shyam Ashtekar, MD (Community Med)
[email protected] feed--Dr Shyam ashtekar jan 2014
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NUTRITIONAL REHAB NUTRITIONAL REHAB
EFFORTS IN EFFORTS IN
PowerPoint 5/6PowerPoint 5/6
EFFORTS IN EFFORTS IN
MAHARASHTRA FOR SAM MAHARASHTRA FOR SAM
MAM BABIESMAM BABIES
DR SHYAM ASHTEKAR 2014DR SHYAM ASHTEKAR 2014
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NUTRITIONAL REHAB LEVELS NUTRITIONAL REHAB LEVELS
NRC at District Hospital
2 wk
CDC at Health Center or HospitalHospital3wk
Village level Child Development
Center (VCDC)4 wk
Home level-Rehab
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A display of A display of Malnutrition data in AWCMalnutrition data in AWC
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SAM & MAMSAM & MAM--Recent MalnutritionRecent Malnutrition
� SAM (severe acute malnutrition) –is wasting below -3SD, also severely low MUAC (red zone)—
� MAM is moderate acute malnutrition, below -2SD (but above -3SD) of wasting or MUAC yellow zone.MUAC (red zone)—
� SAM needs rehab, for risk of child death.
MUAC yellow zone.
� MAM babies are usually not for rehab centers..
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Criteria for SAMCriteria for SAM--MAM Nutritional rehabMAM Nutritional rehab
(1) Wasting is defined as underweight for that height.
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Criteria for Nutritional rehabCriteria for Nutritional rehab
(2) MUAC >11.5 cm.
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Criteria for Criteria for
Nutritional rehabNutritional rehab
(3)Foot Edema
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Why not use the Underweight for Age Test?Why not use the Underweight for Age Test?
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Nutritional Rehabilitation of MN ChildrenNutritional Rehabilitation of MN Children
� Soon after diagnosis we need to start
rehab efforts.
� Moderate MN children can be managed Moderate MN children can be managed
at home or AWC with some treatment
and special nutrition
� But severe MN child needs help at NRC
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NutritionalNutritional RehabRehab
� Appetite must improve first, this
takes about one week.
� Weight gain comes after that.
� Rehab may take 3-4 weeks.
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(1) Village Child Development Center(1) Village Child Development Center
� This is held in AWC 2-3 times in
the year as per need.
� Each camp takes 4 weeks.
� Time is 9 to 4pm, with 12 to 2 pm.
recess.
� Initial treatment for infection is
important.
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Village Child Development CenterVillage Child Development Center
� Feeds are given in AWC from 9 to 12pm and 2 to 4 pm.
� Various food items are given using THR, milk powder. The
AWC meal of that day, banana, roasted potato etc.
� The mother feeds between 12 to 2 pm at home.� The mother feeds between 12 to 2 pm at home.
� Occasionally eggs are served.
� All this is expected to improve the child’s status.
� Not enough provision to meet the requirements
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Village Child Development Village Child Development
Center (VCDC)Center (VCDC)
� In Some blocks they offer special feed
prepared from groundnut flour, oil, milk
powder and sugar mixed together as a
semi-solid meal.
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Special Amylase Special Amylase feedsfeeds
� Amylase develops in sprouting grain & legumes
� Amylase helps digestion. For this wheat and green
gram which are sprouted, dried and powdered.
� This flour mixed with groundnut flour, oil, Sugar &
makes a good paste for the child, most children like
this.
� Micronutrient sachet is added to this once daily.
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Use of MedicinesUse of Medicines
� Albendazol is used for curing worms.
� Amoxicillin is used for controlling
infections.infections.
� Some Ayurvedic medicines like Shilajit
� Iron Folic Acid syrup
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Home VCDCHome VCDC
� Sometimes a rehab camp is difficult to organize, due to
constraints, or too few children that need help.
� Home VCDC is a better option and costs much less.
� Provisions come from AWC including the THR Packs.
� The AWC Sevika attends 1-2 times daily to home visits.
� Akola and Nagar district used this option for rehab.
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Home VCDC Info Home VCDC Info
Sheet in AkolaSheet in Akola
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Home VCDC Info SheetHome VCDC Info Sheet
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(2) Child Treatment Center (CTC)(2) Child Treatment Center (CTC)
� Children who did not need admission to CTC
� The CTC is held suitably in a Primary Health
Center or Rural Hospital, whenever necessary.Center or Rural Hospital, whenever necessary.
� Mothers stay there with their child for 3 weeks
� The mother is given Rs. 150/- as lost wages.
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CTC in Jawhar block.CTC in Jawhar block.
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…CTC …CTC
� Medical and nutrition therapy is given here under
medical supervision.
� The special feed is prepared from milk, groundnut flour,
oil and sugar in liquid form.oil and sugar in liquid form.
� This feed is given 8-9 times every day till the child
sleeps at night.
� The feed may be prepared 3-4 times a day depending
on weather (hot weather spoils the food).
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CTC in Jawhar CTC in Jawhar
� We saw about 30 children admitted in CTC in August 2013.
� Most children loose weight in the first week due to reduction
of oedema.
� Weight gain starts generally in next week as appetite grows.� Weight gain starts generally in next week as appetite grows.
� With better appetite a thicker formula feed is used. (F 100)
� Gradually liquid diet is replaced with semi solid feeds.
� But the risk of malnutrition at home is still there.
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(3) District NRC Nandurbar(3) District NRC Nandurbar
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District NRC NandurbarDistrict NRC Nandurbar
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District NRC NandurbarDistrict NRC Nandurbar
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The infantoThe infanto--metermeter for height for height
measurement in the NRCmeasurement in the NRC
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The NRCThe NRC
� The NRC is established at district or block hospital round the year.
� The usual period for stay is 2 weeks
� The NRC ward has 20-30 beds
� The NRC has child specialist, nutritionist and nurses and other staff� The NRC has child specialist, nutritionist and nurses and other staff
� The special feeds are same as in the CTC
� But more investigations and medicines can be employed in the NRC
� At discharge the child follow up arrangements are made.
� NRC is an essential support for tribal districts.
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The Benefits of Nutritional RehabThe Benefits of Nutritional Rehab
� Rehab arrests further damage to malnourished children
� Many children improve, some dont.
� Rehab facility is necessary to prevent avoidable child deaths.
� Not all parents are wiling to admit their children in the facility� Not all parents are wiling to admit their children in the facility
� Lost wages are given, but there are some other chores at
home..which make some parents helpless
� Not all parents are equally concerned about the sick child,
some do leave against medical advice.
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The Special The Special
Feed FormulaFeed Formula
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NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)
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NICUNICU
� NICU admits neonates (under 1 month).
� The babies are either premature, very low
birth weight or sick. birth weight or sick.
� These babies need special care.
� NICU offers warmth and ultraviolet therapy.
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Surgical Treatment for Seriously Ill BabiesSurgical Treatment for Seriously Ill Babies
� Some babies look wasted/non thriving because of serious
illnesses like congenital heart diseases
� This calls for complicated surgeries and care—only available at
some centers. some centers.
� Hundreds of children got this care in the last two years.
� There is Govt assistance for this, esp. the Jeevandayi Yojna.
� This has created a better rapport of the ICDS system with
families and people.
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शभुेछाशभुेछा
Dr Shyam Ashtekar (MD, Community
Medicine)
21 Cherry Hills Society, Anandwalli, Nashik
422013
[email protected]
Cell +919422271544Cell +919422271544
Website:
arogyavidya.org,
bharatswasthya.net
A study of Anganwadis and campaign against
malnutrition in Maharashtra for and with support of
Rajmata Jijau Mission,
August to Dec 2013
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