Decent Work: a socially dynamic concept The primary goal of the ILO today is to promote opportunities for all women and men to obtain decent and productive.

Decent Work: Decent Work: a socially dynamic concept a socially dynamic concept

The primary goal of the ILO today The primary goal of the ILO today isis

to promote opportunities for all to promote opportunities for all women and men women and men

to obtain decent and productive to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, work, in conditions of freedom,

equity, security and human dignityequity, security and human dignity

Decent work: Decent work: a human face to global a human face to global

economyeconomy Mainstreamed policies forMainstreamed policies for

– developmentdevelopment– gendergender

Focus on enterprise: Focus on enterprise: – from local to global scalefrom local to global scale

Decent work: Decent work: mainstreaming developmentmainstreaming development

Copenhagen: complementarity of economic Copenhagen: complementarity of economic and social developmentand social development

ILO advocacy role:ILO advocacy role:– Research (empirical evidence-theoretical Research (empirical evidence-theoretical

justification)justification)– Focus on the working poorFocus on the working poor– Institution building for participation and social Institution building for participation and social

dialoguedialogue

Decent Work: Decent Work: mainstreaming gender mainstreaming gender

Gender: Gender: – a matter of human rightsa matter of human rights– a tool to identify and address inequality a tool to identify and address inequality – key factor in the quality and quantity of key factor in the quality and quantity of

labour marketlabour market– key factor for sustainable developmentkey factor for sustainable development

Decent Work: Decent Work: mainstreaming gendermainstreaming gender

The world of work seen through a The world of work seen through a gender perspective to:gender perspective to:– analyze economic and social rolesanalyze economic and social roles– identify forces leading to inequalityidentify forces leading to inequality– address de jure and de facto inequalityaddress de jure and de facto inequality

Decent Work: Decent Work: Strategic ObjectivesStrategic Objectives

Integrated strategies for Integrated strategies for development: development: – Fundamental principles & rights at workFundamental principles & rights at work– Employment & income opportunitiesEmployment & income opportunities– Social protection Social protection – Social dialogueSocial dialogue

FOR ALL, WOMEN AND MENFOR ALL, WOMEN AND MEN

Gender & Principles and Gender & Principles and Rights at WorkRights at Work

Core conventions directly relevant: Core conventions directly relevant: C100 Equal remunerationC100 Equal remuneration C103 Maternity ProtectionC103 Maternity Protection C111 DiscriminationC111 Discrimination C156 Workers’ with Family ResponsibilitiesC156 Workers’ with Family Responsibilities C175 Part time workC175 Part time work C177 Home workC177 Home work C179 Child labourC179 Child labour C180 Maternity (revised)C180 Maternity (revised)

The ILO Declaration on Fundamental The ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998)Principles and Rights at Work (1998)– Freedom of association and recognition of Freedom of association and recognition of

the right to collective bargainingthe right to collective bargaining– Elimination of all forms of forced or Elimination of all forms of forced or

compulsory labourcompulsory labour– Effective abolition of child labourEffective abolition of child labour– Elimination of discrimination in Elimination of discrimination in

employment and occupationemployment and occupation

Gender & Rights at WorkGender & Rights at Work

Gender & Rights at WorkGender & Rights at Work

Declaration as the threshold to Declaration as the threshold to Decent WorkDecent Work– a minimum a minimum social platformsocial platform for the for the

global economy (Copenhagen)global economy (Copenhagen)– a a promotionalpromotional instrumentinstrument for universal for universal

rights and the development agendarights and the development agenda– a a commoncommon objectiveobjective for the for the

international communityinternational community

Gender & Rights at WorkGender & Rights at Work

Follow-up to the Declaration sustains:Follow-up to the Declaration sustains:– Women’s socio-economic empowerment, Women’s socio-economic empowerment,

also in the informal economyalso in the informal economy– New avenues for women’s representation New avenues for women’s representation

in social dialoguein social dialogue– Further ratification of core conventionsFurther ratification of core conventions– Implementation of fundamental principles Implementation of fundamental principles

and rightsand rights

Gender and Rights at WorkGender and Rights at Work

Gap between Gap between de jure – de factode jure – de facto calls calls for proactive measuresfor proactive measures

Law enforcement mechanismsLaw enforcement mechanisms Information, dissemination, trainingInformation, dissemination, training Advocacy, mobilization, coordination, Advocacy, mobilization, coordination,

monitoringmonitoring Trade union action and partnership with civil Trade union action and partnership with civil

societysociety

Gender and EmploymentGender and Employment

More and Better JobsMore and Better Jobs

– Decent work: qualitative approachDecent work: qualitative approach– Address horizontal and vertical Address horizontal and vertical

segregationsegregation– Equal remuneration Equal remuneration

Gender and EmploymentGender and Employment

Gender sensitive labour market Gender sensitive labour market policies:policies:

– Widen occupational choices Widen occupational choices – Gender-focus training and re-training Gender-focus training and re-training

systemssystems– Enhance demand for female labour Enhance demand for female labour – Improve women’s awareness of Improve women’s awareness of

opportunitiesopportunities

Gender and EmploymentGender and Employment

Promoting women’s enterprise development Promoting women’s enterprise development (WED)(WED)– integrated women-specific sets of measures to integrated women-specific sets of measures to

facilitate facilitate entitlement and access to productive resources and creditentitlement and access to productive resources and credit access to markets to find better and more remunerative access to markets to find better and more remunerative

opportunitiesopportunities

Gender and EmploymentGender and Employment

Gender is a determinant of poverty Gender is a determinant of poverty and crisis situations:and crisis situations:– Integrated approach to poverty Integrated approach to poverty

eradicationeradication– Gender focussed crisis response and Gender focussed crisis response and

reconstructionreconstruction

Gender and Social ProtectionGender and Social Protection

Extending Social Protection to All::Extending Social Protection to All::– To reduce insecurity at workTo reduce insecurity at work– To ensure safe conditions of workTo ensure safe conditions of work– To maintain incomesTo maintain incomes– To ensure adequate access to care To ensure adequate access to care

and social servicesand social services

Gender and Social ProtectionGender and Social Protection

Women:Women:– Lower earnings, irregular employment Lower earnings, irregular employment

and contribution patterns and contribution patterns – Concentrated in the informal Concentrated in the informal

sector/atypical workssector/atypical works– Different trends in different regions, Different trends in different regions,

but regression in transition economiesbut regression in transition economies– Specific reproductive role Specific reproductive role

Gender and Social ProtectionGender and Social Protection

It’s necessary to find innovative It’s necessary to find innovative solutions tosolutions to– eliminate existing discriminationeliminate existing discrimination– extend coverage to those who are extend coverage to those who are

now excludednow excluded– meet specific needs of the workers, meet specific needs of the workers,

women and men, within their women and men, within their different roles, concerns, constraitsdifferent roles, concerns, constraits

Gender and Social ProtectionGender and Social Protection

Occupational safety & healthOccupational safety & health– women have lower no of accidentswomen have lower no of accidents– higher specific health risks (e.g. higher specific health risks (e.g.

pesticides)pesticides)– higher stress-related problems: dual higher stress-related problems: dual

role (economic/reproductive)role (economic/reproductive)– Enormously impacted by AIDS in Enormously impacted by AIDS in

specific regionsspecific regions

Gender and Social DialogueGender and Social Dialogue

Social dialogue: matching Social dialogue: matching economic growth and social justiceeconomic growth and social justice– a means to promote decent work and a means to promote decent work and

remove inequitiesremove inequities– an end in itself, as democratic an end in itself, as democratic

participationparticipation

Gender and Social DialogueGender and Social Dialogue

– Improving women’s representation in Improving women’s representation in SD structuresSD structures to include gender issues on the agenda to include gender issues on the agenda

and meet women’s strategic needsand meet women’s strategic needs

– Reaching out new partnershipsReaching out new partnerships including EO machineries, non traditional including EO machineries, non traditional

actors, the non organized, SMEs , informalactors, the non organized, SMEs , informal

– Reinforcing women’s organizational Reinforcing women’s organizational and negotiating capacityand negotiating capacity

Gender and Decent WorkGender and Decent Work

Gender cuts across the economic, Gender cuts across the economic, social, political and cultural spheressocial, political and cultural spheres

Gender inequalities in the world of work Gender inequalities in the world of work challenge the legitimacy of the challenge the legitimacy of the

dominant models of developmentdominant models of development

Gender and Decent WorkGender and Decent Work

Needs: Needs: – A holistic approach, macroeconomic levelA holistic approach, macroeconomic level– Mainstreaming gender at the highest Mainstreaming gender at the highest

policy levelpolicy level– Attention to strategic and practical needs Attention to strategic and practical needs

of womenof women– A new paradigm of development, A new paradigm of development,

integrating social standards into integrating social standards into economyeconomy

Gender and Decent WorkGender and Decent Work

All actors of civil society should be All actors of civil society should be involved in a concerted endeavour involved in a concerted endeavour to promote equality between men to promote equality between men

and womenand women