Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis

Decennial CensusA Base for Community Analysis

Grace YorkUniversity of Michigan

March 2007

•Observation

•Analyzing Census and other statistical data and comparing with 5th grade residence

•Community interviews

Components of Your Components of Your AssignmentAssignment

Outline of Outline of PresentationPresentation

Census QuestionnaireCensus Questionnaire Census GeographyCensus Geography Map to Identify Your Map to Identify Your

NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods Census DataCensus Data Thematic MappingThematic Mapping Other Data Sources on the Other Data Sources on the

WebWeb

Class BibliographyClass Bibliography

http://http://www.lib.umich.eduwww.lib.umich.edu//

govdocs/compsych.htmlgovdocs/compsych.html

Purpose of the Purpose of the CensusCensus

Mandated by the ConstitutionMandated by the Constitution

Reapportionment of 435 seats Reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representativesin the House of Representatives

Latest Census is 2000; updates Latest Census is 2000; updates do not provide neighborhood do not provide neighborhood infoinfo

Two Two QuestionnairesQuestionnaires

100% Questionnaire Sent to all households

SAMPLE QuestionnaireSent to one-sixth of households

2000 2000 QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

100% Questionnaire100% Questionnaire AgeAge SexSex Race (Multiple)Race (Multiple) Hispanic originHispanic origin Household relationshipHousehold relationship Occupied v. vacant housing unitsOccupied v. vacant housing units Owner v. renter occupied Owner v. renter occupied

housinghousing

Primary Uses of Short Primary Uses of Short Form DataForm Data

Race and sex for single years of Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100age to 99; three groups after 100

Most detail by race (250 groups Most detail by race (250 groups total)total)

Race Groups in Race Groups in 20002000

White Black or African-American American Indian or Alaskan

Native Asian Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Other Two or More

(Based on Self-Identification)(Based on Self-Identification)

Individual RacesIndividual Races

Some files breakdown Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indians and Hispanic into 250 categories

Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis

Whites and blacks broken out as ancestry in sample data (e.g.Israelis, Arabs, Iranians, Nigerians)

Racial definitions appear at:http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

HispanicHispanic

Not considered a raceNot considered a race

Can be Hispanic and any raceCan be Hispanic and any race

Breakdowns in some tablesBreakdowns in some tables• CubanCuban• Puerto RicanPuerto Rican• MexicanMexican• SpanishSpanish• Various Latin American CountriesVarious Latin American Countries

Calculating Calculating MinoritiesMinorities

Replace White Alone withReplace White Alone with

White Alone Non-HispanicWhite Alone Non-HispanicWhite HispanicWhite Hispanic

Then addThen addBlack AloneBlack AloneNative American AloneNative American AloneAsian AloneAsian AloneHawaiian or Pacific Islander AloneHawaiian or Pacific Islander AloneOther AloneOther AloneTwo or More RacesTwo or More Races

New Race Category in New Race Category in 20002000

Respondents could choose up Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgroundsto SIX racial backgrounds

Typical mixed race is 2-3% of Typical mixed race is 2-3% of populationpopulation

Race data not necessarily Race data not necessarily comparable with previous comparable with previous censusescensuses

Household Household RelationshipsRelationships

Relationship to Relationship to HouseholderHouseholder

Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate

category

100% Questionnaire Data Reports

Pre-Tabulated Data

Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group

Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races and Hispanic groups to neighborhood (tract) level

2000 Sample 2000 Sample QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990)

Grandparents as caregivers (new)

Ancestry Language Country of origin School enrollment and

educational attainment (and dropouts)

2000 Sample 2000 Sample QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

Employment Industry and occupation Transportation to and place of

work Disability and mental illness Veteran status Income and poverty

Sample Data ProductsSample Data Products

Pre-Tabulated Data

Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level

Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

Census GeographyCensus Geography

Legal AreasLegal Areas

Nation Nation State State Counties Counties CitiesCities Townships Townships Congressional Congressional

DistrictsDistricts School DistrictsSchool Districts

Census GeographyCensus Geography

Census-Designated AreasCensus-Designated Areas

Metropolitan Statistical Metropolitan Statistical Area Area

Urbanized AreaUrbanized Area Census TractCensus Tract Block GroupBlock Group BlockBlock Zip Code Tabulation AreaZip Code Tabulation Area

Metropolitan Statistical Metropolitan Statistical AreaArea

•Central city of 50,000 or more •Its own county, and •Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns

Detroit Consolidated Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Metropolitan Statistical

AreaArea

1990

Lapeer Livingston

Detroit PMSA Macomb

Monroe

Oakland

St. Clair

Wayne

Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw

2000

Lapeer Macomb

Detroit PMSA Monroe

Oakland

St. Clair

Wayne

Lenawee

Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston

Washtenaw

Flint PMSA Genesee

Census TractsCensus Tracts

Areas of about 4000 peopleAreas of about 4000 people Approximate neighborhoodsApproximate neighborhoods

Detroit TractDetroit Tract

Block GroupBlock GroupTwo – eight block groups per tract

All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2

Smallest area for sample data

BlocksBlocks

All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbersnumbersSome 100% data but no sample Some 100% data but no sample datadata

Locating Census MapsLocating Census Maps

American FactfinderAmerican Factfinder• http://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

Documents Center Paper CopiesDocuments Center Paper Copies• Tract maps for MichiganTract maps for Michigan• Block maps for Wayne and WashtenawBlock maps for Wayne and Washtenaw

Southwest Detroit Tract MapSouthwest Detroit Tract Map• http://http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/images/detsw.GIFwww.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/images/detsw.GIF

Initial Factfinder Initial Factfinder ScreenScreen http://factfinder.census.gov/(Mozilla works better than internet explorer for downloading)

Skip Examples

Geographic AreaGeographic Area

If you know the geographic area or proceed If you know the geographic area or proceed directly todirectly to DATA SETSDATA SETS

If you need to determine the geographic area, If you need to determine the geographic area, go togo to ADDRESS SEARCHADDRESS SEARCH

Geographic AreaGeographic AreaDefault is address searchDefault is address searchName search is a place searchName search is a place search

Address SearchingAddress Searching

Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

Address SearchingAddress Searching

Choose the Reference Map from your search results

Address Map Address Map

Changing Changing Boundaries Boundaries

Changing BoundariesChanging Boundaries

Revised MapRevised Map

Move map around to choose block groups and census tracts in neighborhood.

Example of a Example of a NeighborhoodNeighborhood

Tract 5240; 5241-BG 2, and 5242-BG 1&2

(It is much easier to retrieve data if your neighborhood has whole tracts, e.g.5240, 5241,

5242)

Another SearchAnother Search

Click on Geography to Change to Another Search

Place Name Place Name SearchingSearching

BESTBEST option for option for mappingmappingStatesStatesCountiesCountiesCitiesCitiesTownshipsTownshipsVillagesVillages

Name SearchName Search

Altering MapAltering Map

Place boundaries in green. You may need to add census geographies on your own.

Reading Tract Reading Tract NumbersNumbers

Sometimes you have to zoom in to read all of the tract numbers.

Making Map More Making Map More LegibleLegible

Fiddle with the legend to make more readable. Example: take out block groups; put in zip codes

Downloading MapDownloading Map

Use Download command to download in pdf formatLeft click on mouse to download in gif format

Data SetsData Sets

Once you’ve determined geography Once you’ve determined geography and go to and go to DATA SETS DATA SETS for the detailfor the detail

Listing of Data SetsListing of Data Sets

The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census

Data Files for 2000Data Files for 2000

Summary File 1: 100%Summary File 1: 100%• Race, sex, age, households and families,

housing tenure• BLOCK LEVEL for many categories• MOST DETAILED ON AGE

Summary File 2: 100%Summary File 2: 100% • Detailed cross classifications by type of

Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total)

• LOWEST LEVEL IS TRACT

Data Files for 2000Data Files for 2000

Summary File 3: SampleSummary File 3: Sample• Income, language, ethnicity,

occupation, commuting, housing value and rent for 7 races and Hispanic

• Most useful file for most of you

Summary File 4: SampleSummary File 4: Sample • SF3 data with detailed cross

classifications by for 350 races and ancestries (e.g. income for Mexican, Lebanese)

Summary File 3Summary File 3http://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

The most interesting social and economic characteristics for the smallest geography.

Data Sets Option Data Sets Option BoxBox

Options box aligns with checked data set

Use Detailed Tables or Thematic Maps

Detailed Tables Detailed Tables GeographyGeography

Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within geography.

Detailed Tables Detailed Tables GeographyGeographyList GeographyList Geography

You can chooseYou can choose • All statesAll states• All counties in a stateAll counties in a state• All tracts in a county All tracts in a county • All block groups in a tractAll block groups in a tract

• All blocks in a block groupAll blocks in a block group..

Detailed Tables Detailed Tables GeographyGeographyList GeographyList Geography

You can add multiple levels of geography, e.g. tract, block group, city, county, state

Once you’ve chosen your geography, choose your tables.The default for Detailed Tables is the Show All Tables.

List of Tables – SF3List of Tables – SF3http://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

Multiple Table Multiple Table SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

The result is two separate tablesThe result is two separate tables Data meaningless unless use do percentages and Data meaningless unless use do percentages and

comparisonscomparisons Use a spreadsheet program or calculator when combining Use a spreadsheet program or calculator when combining

themthem

Multiple Table Multiple Table SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

Census tract 5238 is very different from Wayne County in Census tract 5238 is very different from Wayne County in racial mixracial mix

Excel template at:Excel template at:

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/centemp.xlshttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/centemp.xls

Detailed Spreadsheet Detailed Spreadsheet

and Downloading Optionsand Downloading Options

Use Factfinder’s button for downloading data

Downloading Downloading OptionsOptions Comma, xls, rtfComma, xls, rtf

•Use comma delimited or tab delimited for spreadsheets, including Excel•Beware of compressed formats

Downloading OptionsDownloading Options

Mozilla automatically downloads to your Desktop and provides the name: DTXLSPresentationDownload.xls

Saving File to Your UMich Saving File to Your UMich AccountAccount

•Right-click default download name on desktop•Rename before you download anything else

Saving to UMich Account Saving to UMich Account from Campus Computersfrom Campus Computers

Drag downloaded file from the desktop to your L: drive or upload using MFILE (http://mfile.umich.edu)

Changing TablesChanging TablesYou can change tables but keep same geography by pressing “tables” breadcrumb at top of page.

Household Household ComparisonsComparisons

Tract 5238 more family oriented than county.

Summary File 3-SubjectsSummary File 3-Subjectshttp://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

Ancestry Education and school enrollment Commuting, occupation, industry Income and poverty Disability and veteran status Housing value, rent, mortgages Race and household status

Summary File 3Summary File 3Subject SearchSubject Search

Highlight a subject and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose P37; Add; Show Result

Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment

Population over 25 is countedPopulation over 25 is counted

Data is not cumulative; Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well

Main table is P37Main table is P37

Table by race is P148Table by race is P148Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number



Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases

• Sensory• Physical• Mental• Self-care• Go outside the home• Employment

Disability

DisabilityDisability

RentRent

Contract rent = amount paid to landlord

Gross rent = amount paid to landlord

AND amount for utilities

Labor ForceLabor Force

Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job

Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e.g. retiree)

Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job

Labor ForceLabor Force

OccupationOccupationhttp://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

IncomeIncome

Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals

Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance

Median means half earn below and half earn above

Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area

IncomeIncome

PovertyPoverty

Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines

Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at:

http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hsthttp://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstpov1.htmlpov1.html

Example of ratio of income to povertyPoverty for one person in 1999 was $8501Under .50 = earned less than $4250

Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751

PovertyPoverty

Ancestryhttp://factfinder.census.gov/

Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify

Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18

List of Ancestrieshttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf

AncestryAncestryhttp://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

Ancestry is another tract only variable


Sample data for 350 races and ancestries


List geography shows county, city, tract levels


Subject search for poverty by by age


Use ancestry tab for Arab, German; race and ancestry can be mixed in same operation


Result is two tables; insufficient people of Arab descent in these particular tracts; large percent

considered poor

Thematic maps can be accessed through Data Sets.

Thematic MapsThematic Mapshttp://http://factfinder.census.govfactfinder.census.gov//

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChoosing New GeographyChoosing New Geography

You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want

(e.g. Wayne County, Mich)

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChoosing Theme (Subject)Choosing Theme (Subject)

You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list

Not all Census variables are represented

In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in SF3 maps

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChoosing Theme (Subject)Choosing Theme (Subject)

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChanging Geographic DisplayChanging Geographic Display

The default for a county is county subdivisionThe default for a county is county subdivision This can be changed to census tract or BGThis can be changed to census tract or BG

Thematic MapsThematic MapsSame Map – Tract LevelSame Map – Tract Level

Same map at tract level. You can change the display by choosing DATA CLASSES.


Natural breaks = equal number of people counted

Equal interval means equal percent intervals


This is probably more accurate. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries


Click on legend to add geographic boundaries


Same map with tract numbers


Use identify button and click on map to obtain data

Thematic MapsThematic MapsLimitations of Factfinder MapsLimitations of Factfinder Maps

Only pre-selected variables; not entire Only pre-selected variables; not entire data setdata set

Maps download as gifs (pictures) or Maps download as gifs (pictures) or pdf.pdf.

Maps cannot be exported into another Maps cannot be exported into another programprogram

Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layersshowing layers

Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternativesGeolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives

Census Does Not Cover

CrimeCrime Health Health Social Social

ServicesServices ReligionReligion BusinessBusiness PoliticsPolitics

Local Data Sources

Most national and local sources Most national and local sources cover city as a wholecover city as a whole

Local sources come and go (e.g. Detroit Local sources come and go (e.g. Detroit crime, health data, Michigan COMNETcrime, health data, Michigan COMNET

Use your web page to locate city Use your web page to locate city government sources (Detroit and cities government sources (Detroit and cities nationally)nationally)

Michigan County Michigan County ProfilesProfiles

http://http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/placesmedc.michigan.org/miinfo/places//

Population, employers, banks, hospitals, wages, Population, employers, banks, hospitals, wages, recreation, housing values, and utilities in each recreation, housing values, and utilities in each county.county.


http://http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/placesmedc.michigan.org/miinfo/places//

Lists major manufacturing and non-manufacturing employers.


http://medc.michigan.org/services/sitedevhttp://medc.michigan.org/services/sitedevelopment/renzone/WayneCounty/elopment/renzone/WayneCounty/

Renaissance Zone MapRenaissance Zone Maphttp://gis.culma.wayne.edu/website/ez/viewer.htmhttp://gis.culma.wayne.edu/website/ez/viewer.htm

TransportationTransportation

American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/http://factfinder.census.gov/

• Vehicles per household, H44-45, HCT33• Commuting to work, P30-35, PCT65

Detroit Bus Scheduleshttp://www.detroitmi.gov/ddot/index.htmlhttp://www.detroitmi.gov/ddot/index.html

CrimeCrimehttp://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/

default.htm

Detroit Police Department web side has city-wide data beginning 1994

http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/dept/compstat/compstat.htm

For earlier years, use the paper copy:

HV 7595 .D6 A23

WSU Center for Urban Studies used to publish crime maps

Crime by TractCrime by TractNo longer on web. UseNo longer on web. Use 2004 Map 2004 Map instead.instead.

Michigan Assistance Michigan Assistance Payment StatisticsPayment Statistics

Social welfare cases by officeSocial welfare cases by officehttp://www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7-124-http://www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7-124-

5458_7696_10830---,00.html5458_7696_10830---,00.html

Social ServicesSocial Services

Partial directory of social services from United Way

Can find national directories of non-profits from

Associations Unlimited

National Public School National Public School LocatorLocator

http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/

Searchable by school name and zip code. Provides pupil/teacher ratio, grades, race of enrollees

Detroit Public SchoolsDetroit Public Schoolshttp://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/map_SchoolLhttp://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/map_SchoolL

ocations.pdfocations.pdf

Detroit Public SchoolsDetroit Public Schoolshttp://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/meahttp://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/mea

p/p/

Standard and Poor’sStandard and Poor’shttp://www.schoolmatters.com/http://www.schoolmatters.com/

Type in school or school district Type in school or school district


Provides basic educational scores.Provides basic educational scores.

Click on school name for further information.Click on school name for further information.


Charts compare scores with district and state. Racial enrollment at bottom.Charts compare scores with district and state. Racial enrollment at bottom.

American Hospital Directoryhttp://www.ahd.com/http://www.ahd.com/

Searchable directory of hospitals with some data on zip code of patients, charges, and most frequent diagnoses. Receiving Receiving Hospital below.Hospital below.

Michigan County Health Michigan County Health DataData

http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/chi/indexhttp://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/chi/index.asp.asp

Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths by cause Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths by cause and race, preventable hospitalizations, and race, preventable hospitalizations, reportable diseases, most by countyreportable diseases, most by county

Superfund SitesSuperfund Siteshttp://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.hthttp://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.ht

mm

Search by address, city, or toxic Search by address, city, or toxic chemical to determine location of chemical to determine location of toxic spills.toxic spills.

ReligionReligionhttp://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/

American Religion Data Archive provides 1990 and 2000 church American Religion Data Archive provides 1990 and 2000 church membership by county. membership by county.

Also use yellow pages Also use yellow pages ((http://www.yellowpages.com)http://www.yellowpages.com)

PoliticsPolitics

Almanac of American PoliticsAlmanac of American Politics• Look under Carolyn Kilpatrick for Detroit’s political history and sentimentsLook under Carolyn Kilpatrick for Detroit’s political history and sentimentshttp://nationaljournal.com/pubs/almanachttp://nationaljournal.com/pubs/almanac

Detroit City CouncilDetroit City Council• Biographies of council membersBiographies of council members• Extensive guide to city servicesExtensive guide to city serviceshttp://www3.ci.detroit.mi.us/legislative/CityCouncil/Default.htmhttp://www3.ci.detroit.mi.us/legislative/CityCouncil/Default.htm

See also NewspapersSee also Newspapers

American Community American Community SurveySurvey

http://factfinder.census.gov/http://factfinder.census.gov/

Annual update of Census data to city level; no neighborhood Annual update of Census data to city level; no neighborhood data yetdata yet

Access through datasetsAccess through datasets

Getting Census HelpGetting Census Help

Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North,

(734) 764-0410, [email protected]

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/

Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program.

Assistance with American Factfinder,

Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis

Documents

statistical data

sex data

populationrace data

sample data e

hispanic groups

groups totalrace groups

block groupsummary file

ethnic groups