December 3, 2013 Dr. Jeffrey Musser http://www.ghananewsagency.org Bugs in your Blood: Malaria!
Jan 04, 2016
December 3, 2013
Dr. Jeffrey Musser
http://www.ghananewsagency.org
Bugs in your Blood: Malaria!
Malaria’s ImpactWorldwide Incidence
350 to 500 million clinical cases
> 1,000,000 deaths each year
800,000 are children < 5 yrs. old
Where does malaria occur?
World Health Organization, January 2004
Tropic ofCancer
Equator
Tropic ofCapricorn
Malaria - Questions
Where does malaria occur?
How did it get there?
What is malaria?
How people get malaria?
What are the clinical signs?
- what happens to infected people?
- life cycle of malaria?
Questions
Malaria in Texas -how did it get here and
why is it not here now?
Misinformation on the Web
What do you know aboutMalaria?
What is Malaria?
What is Malaria?
Art.com Art.com
What is Malaria?
Art.com
protozoan parasite, a single-celled organisms, that infects red blood cells
Plasmodium sp.
Early History
Has infected man during known history
Originated in Africa and followed human migration
Malaria
Where and when did Malaria first occur?
AFRICA
Malaria3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches
Nei Ching 2700 BC
Great cold, intense shivering, body convulsing
Fever up to 106º, great thirst
Massive headaches
~6 hours, fever breaks
Cycles every 48 or 72 hrs., depending on malaria species
Miasma theorya poisonous air exhaled by decaying
vegetable matter, especially by swamps
Malaria lifecycle before 1876
3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches
MiasmaMiasma
Charles Laveran
Military physician stationed in Algeria in 1876
Malaria in 1876
Algeria
What did he see?
Plasmodium spp.protozoan parasite – single-celled organisms
Malaria lifecycle
Malaria in 1897
India
Sir Ronald RossIndia 1897
20 August 1897
Found the malaria protozoan in the stomach of an Anopheles mosquito…
“… clear and almost perfectly circular outline … another, and another exactly similar cell.
Here was the clue … the mosquito itself had become infected”
The Anopheles mosquito was the vector
An organism (such as an insect or rodent) that transmits a pathogen
Malaria lifecycle
Malaria lifecycle
Malaria lifecycle & illness
Malaria is species specific
Humans
Primates
Birds
Reptiles
All Plasmodium but different species
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.html
Malaria comes to the Americas
No malaria priorNo malaria priorto 1492to 1492
Malaria comes to the Americas1492 – European exploration
Malaria in the U.S.
circa 1850
Malaria in the U.S.
circa 1912
Malaria in the U.S.
circa 2012
For Malaria to persist, need
Reservoir – where the mosquitoes get the parasite
Vector – Anopheles mosquitoes
Host – the animal that gets infected
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector• Reduce reservoir
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector
Is the vector in Texas?
Mosquito is the vector
YES!!!
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector• Reduce reservoir
Infected person
Infected person
Infected mosquito
Infected Mosquito gets infected by biting infected person
- where the mosquitoes get the parasite
Elimination andPrevention of Malaria
• Reduce contact with vector• Reduce reservoir
No endemic malaria
Land Area
www.worldmapper.org
www.worldmapper.org
www.worldmapper.org
Malaria Deaths
www.worldmapper.org
Mortality 1-4 Year Olds
www.worldmapper.org
Remember, protect yourselfRemember,