7/23/2019 December 17, 1938 http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/december-17-1938 1/3 from us. It is not lirdevmt to recall th t before the war the Sb rd, Texas and Gulf cmpies were allies of such gre t Nazi concerns as I. G Farben against e A,nglo-Dutah oil and rubber conhimtiom.Thiskind of d-Brikish kdk plap beautifully into German hands. “he kind of thinking the Senate has done in is fidd ia idiated by the T m n eport’s discussion of tihe role g o v m t hould play in the Arabian develop- ment Government ownership of foreign oil mcessimq the report says, “would pmuppase a radical ahmlge in our economic system,” while “pa d government owner- ship . might discourage private enterprise.” Did Britain become a socialist c o w when GhumhilJ h~ 191 under hilar ci,rcum.stances,k i s t e d an ahnhing for the Bribish government majority control of the stock of the Anglo-Persian Oil Ccxmlpany toms t Work BY ORLANDO ALOYSIUS BATTISTA URING the pat decade or two scientists have literally exploded the atom and in so doing have brought to ight many phenemenal universes never dreamed of before. By a rather simple calculation, if you know how to make ~t can be shown th t bhe air whi& m p i e s the fmger space in a thimble contains at least thirty b1Flmn molecules. If all the docks in the world were kept wound up, it would take them a hun- dred centuries or more to tidc out the number of atoms in a single dmmp of rain water. If you were able to count the atom on the surface of speck of dust which could be seen o y under a miuoucope, you would find they nmlbered ni1,lions. So w‘hen we balk a b u t atoms we are talking about infinitesimally small p rticles of matter, particles so small that man wil never be able to see them no matter how powerful he may build his microscopes. Fifty years ago these atoms were looked upon by the world’s foremost scientists as hard, discrete, indivisible particles of matter which formed the building bricks of evgrphing in the universe. But the concapt of the mc- ture of matter that had held sway for some twenty- five centuries crumbled into myth when such men as Thomson, Rutherford, Lawrence, and a host of others published the results of their researches. Today we know with the certainty that comes from reliable experimental evidence that each little atom is a veritable universe in itself, having a sun-llke nucleus at its center and many planetary electrons-units of pure electricity-whirling about this core at speeds exceeding those of m y lanets in thei’rorbits. Th e discovery of the atom universes with their incredi- bIe rides was speeded up by the invention of an Ameri- can scientist, Ernest Odando Lawrence. A liltftle more an en years ago Professor Lawreace succeeded in pro- duci’ng a powerful atomsmashing machine, called a C$otron,which already has opened up dozens of new avenues of scientific research. More than forty of these machines are now in existence, most of them in th United States. The original one is at Charter Hill in Berkeley, California, where its inventor, with the aid of a capable group of associate scientists, hopes to use it to reveal even greater marvels in the hidden world of the atom. The Charter Hill Cyclotron is so powerful that it will be able to produce invisible electric bdleits pro- Fl led by more than 100,000,000 volts and traveling at a speed in excessof 50,000 miles a second. Thqpene- tratmg power of the “accelerated” electrical particles will be so intense that they could be made to cut through steel very much as a knife cuts through butter. The scien- tists who run this monster have to operate it by remote control in rooms 150 feet distant. A glance at a few of the momentous discoveries made by our atom-srn&hing scientists delving into tnabtef with electric rays instead of microscopes shows the possi- blllties of fur,ther work in this field. We know now, for example, that all mtter, even the armor-plateon OW battleships, is literally full of holes. I t hasbeen proved beyond question that 99 9 per cent of the mass of ll matter is concentrated at a mathematical point in the center of each ztom universe. This leaves so much free space inside the atom that the core, which contains all the weight, may be compared to an orange suspended in the center of Radio City Music Hall. T he human body is so full of empty spaces that if we removed all of them from Joe Louis he would shrink to the size of an aspirin tablet. But smashing the atom has brought forth a lot mre than this amazmg fact. Nudm physicists can bombard an atom of mercury and change it into gold, an atan of magnesium and change it into sodim. In addition to ing able to make new elements almost at wdl-thcrugh in relatively minute quantities at the present time-scien- tists can bombard &a atoms of some of uz most inex- pensive salts wibh extremely fast electrically charged or neutral blts of matter and obtain what are known as radloactlve salsts. These salts are of great value in medi- cine, for they are as effedive as radlum m curing certain
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