Death (and Death (and Resurrection) of the Resurrection) of the Two Party System: Two Party System: 1815-1828 1815-1828 Libertyville HS Libertyville HS
Dec 23, 2015
Death (and Resurrection) of Death (and Resurrection) of the Two Party System: the Two Party System:
1815-18281815-1828
Libertyville HSLibertyville HS
Election of 1816Election of 1816 James Monroe (D-R)James Monroe (D-R) Rufus King (F) and Rufus King (F) and
four other candidatesfour other candidates Result was no Result was no
surprisesurprise• DRs had taken issues DRs had taken issues
of BUS, tariff from of BUS, tariff from FedsFeds
• Plus, Feds very Plus, Feds very unpopular due to unpopular due to Hartford ConventionHartford Convention
James Monroe 183 ECVRufus King 34 ECV
James MonroeJames Monroe Virginian plantation Virginian plantation
ownerowner Fought in Rev War Fought in Rev War
(shot at Trenton; (shot at Trenton; holding flag)holding flag)
Served in Congress, Served in Congress, US Senate; diplomat US Senate; diplomat to France; Governor of to France; Governor of VAVA
One of the negotiators One of the negotiators of LA Purchaseof LA Purchase
SoS to Madison, 1811-SoS to Madison, 1811-1814; SoWar 1814-161814; SoWar 1814-16
James Monroe
Monroe asPresident
““Era of Good Feelings”, 1816-1824Era of Good Feelings”, 1816-1824
No partisanship (b/c No partisanship (b/c only one political party only one political party existed)existed)
Society expanding, Society expanding, growing, building (W, growing, building (W, pop, new constr)pop, new constr)
Nationalism strong (W Nationalism strong (W of 1812)of 1812)
Marred by Panic of 1819 Marred by Panic of 1819 & slavery issue& slavery issue
Panic of 1819Panic of 1819 Land Act of 1800
• Remember the NW Ordinance of 1787?
• Divided NW Territory; created Indiana Territory and Ohio T.
• Removed 640 acre minimum purchase price
• Changed to 160 acres at $2.00 per acre, payable over 4 years w/ $80 down
• State banks loaned to money to virtually anyone to buy land
• Many bought, few could afford
Land Act of 1800
Causes of the 1819 PanicCauses of the 1819 Panic 2nd BUS’ conservative
credit policies• Called in loans made to
state banks• State banks failed b/c land
speculators couldn’t repay state bank loans
End of Napoleonic Wars• Agricultural prices dropped
(Europe coming around)• Lower demand for US
manufactured goods as European goods flooded US
• Resulting unemployment
Fixing the Panic
Land Act of 1820• Eliminated purchase of
federal land on credit• 80 acres at $1.25 per
acre, cash only! Down payment $100
• Made western lands MUCH more affordable
Regional differences• North = raise tariffs• South = lower tariffs
SlaverySlavery
Missouri becomes first state west of Mississippi ready for statehood
Issues• Senate balance
between slave, non-slave
• Should Western lands have slavery?
Slave States Free StatesGA IL
SC PA
VA NJ
NC CT
KY MA
TN IN
LA NH
MD NY
MS RI
AL VT
DE OH
List of States, 1820
Slavery in the WestSlavery in the West Tallmadge AmendmentTallmadge Amendment
• NY Rep James TallmadgeNY Rep James Tallmadge• Forbid additional Forbid additional
importation of slaves into importation of slaves into MOMO
• Gradual emancipation, at Gradual emancipation, at age 25age 25
• Began nationwide debate Began nationwide debate & agitation over slavery & agitation over slavery issueissue
• House adopted, but House adopted, but Senate defeated itSenate defeated it
Missouri Compromise, 1820Missouri Compromise, 1820 Henry Clay (remember
him?)• Speaker of the House• Proposed compromise
Missouri = slave state Maine = free state
• Preserved Senate balance
LA Territory division• North of line = free• South of line = slave
Missouri Compromise line
Election of 1820Election of 1820 Monroe ran Monroe ran
unopposedunopposed Monroe wins all ECV Monroe wins all ECV
– except one– except one• GW storyGW story• Truth: NH Elector Truth: NH Elector
didn’t like Monroe’s didn’t like Monroe’s policies (“wasteful policies (“wasteful extravagance”)extravagance”)
Monroe: 221 ECVJohn Q. Adams 1 ECV
Monroe AdministrationMonroe Administration Political Atrophy
• No Federalists = DRs dominate
• Monroe neglected party building at local level
Internal development• Infrastructure
construction (“American System”)
• Westward mobility Foreign affairs
• Gained FL thru Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Official WH Portrait
Election of 1824 Two ballots: 1
president, 1 VP 4 Presidential
candidates• Andrew Jackson (TN)• John Quincy Adams
(MA)• Wm. H. Crawford
(SC)• Henry Clay (KY)
1 VP candidate: John C. Calhoun (SC)
Jackson: 153,544 / 99 ECVAdams: 108,740 / 84 ECVCrawford: 46,618 / 41 ECVClay: 47,136 / 37 ECV
SO WHO WON???
Election of 1824Election of 1824 NO ONE!!!
• Voting went along sectional lines• 131 ECV for majority, to win
No ECV majority, so 12th Amendment = House of Reps• Each state gets 1 vote• Vote on top three ECV winners:
Jackson, Adams, Crawford “Corrupt Bargain”
• Clay, House Speaker, hated Jackson
• Clay threw support behind Adams• Adams won on First Ballot in
House• Clay appointed Secretary of State
Jackson
Adams
Clay
Crawford
Fallout from Election of 1824Revival of Two Party System
Democratic Republican Party
Democratic Party
Andrew JacksonMartin Van Buren
National Republican Party(become “Whigs”)
John Quincy AdamsHenry Clay
John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams Son of John Adams (2nd
President) Only President to be
married to foreign born wife, Louisa
Diplomat under GW, Dad, Madison
Sec’y of State under Monroe
Main author of Monroe Doctrine
Louisa Adams
John Q. Adams
President Adams’ AdminPresident Adams’ Admin Wanted to continue the
“American System”• High tariff (supported
internal development)• National Bank• High land prices (= gov’t
revenue)• Roads & canals
Great opposition to Adams in Congress• Narrow victory = no
mandate• Jackson, his supporters
resisted giving Adams any victories; blocked all of American System
Election of 1828Election of 1828 Jackson & Calhoun
vs. Adams & Rush Incumbent VP
switched sides! Jackson wins
handily New coalition of
Democrats• South, West regions• PA, VA (Van Buren)
ResultsJackson: 178 ECV / 642,553Adams: 83 ECV / 500,897