Deammonification and Humboldt
Dec 16, 2015
Sidestream Characteristics1. Concentrated Nutrient Loads constituting 15-25% of TN. Ammonia:
500-1500mg/L
2. Low Alkalinity: Typically contains 50% alkalinity needed for nitrification of ammonia
3. Relatively low BOD/COD
4. Small Flows – often intermittent and resulting in high peak load to the mainstream process.
5. Can change characteristics of influent impacting sensitive biological processes and varying demand for chemical dose.
Why consider sidestream treatment?
• A plant can often reuse existing infrastructure to reduce project costs.
• Treatment is usually economical when sidestreams contribute greater than 15% of TN load.
Treatment Alternatives Available
Biological Physico-Chemical
Bioaugmentation Coagulant Aided Precipitation
In-Nitri
BABE Struvite Precipitation
NYC at 3 Ostara
Maureen MFH
Nitritation/Denitritation Procorp/DHV
SHARON Paques
Deammonification
ANAMMOX Ammonia Stripping
DEMON
CLEAR Green
ANITA-Mox Ion Exchange
Deammonification
Benefits of Deammonification vs Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification
• Aeration energy savings from 55-60%• 100% Savings BOD/COD. i.e. No carbon needed for
nitrogen removal• Net consumer of CO2vs release of CO2 with
conventional• Alkalinity demand reduced by 45% (no additional
alkalinity required)• Reduction in solids production
Deammonification-unusual metabolismType of Bacteria
Common Reaction Name
Carbon Source
Electron Donor (substrate oxidized)
Electron Accepter
Products
Aerobic Heterotrophic
Aerobic oxidation
Organic compounds
Organic compounds
Oxygen CO2, H2O
Aerobic autotrophic
Nitrification CO2 NH4+, NO2- Oxygen NO2-, NO3-
Facultative Heterotrophic
Denitrification/anoxic reaction
Organic compounds
Organic Compounds
NO2-, NO3- N2, CO2, H2O
Obligate Chemolitho autotrophic
Anammox/deammonification
CO2 NH4+ NO2- N2, NO3-, H2O
What is Deammonification
• Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification
NH4-N is oxidized under aerobic conditions to NO2-N or NO3-N by autotrophic bacteria, and then the NO2-N or NO3-N is reduced to N2 under anoxic conditions, with the consumption of organic substances by heterotrophic bacteria.
Deammonification Technologies
DEMON™ ANITA Mox™ Cleargreen™ ANAMMOXTM
Reactor Configuration SBR with Hydrocyclone MBBR SBR
Biomass characteristic Floc Biofilm Floc granular
Control Parameters pH, NH4 Loading Ph, NH4 Loading NH4 Loading, aeration
Power Consumption (kWh/kg N)
1.16 1.45-1.75
Design Loading (kg N/m3-d)
0.7-0.8 1.2-2.0
Technology Provider World Water Works Veolia/Kruger Degremont Paques
ANNAMOXTM vs Conventional
Conventional Treatment ANAMMOX
Power 3-5 1-2 kWh/kg N
Methanol 2.5-3 0 kg/kg N
Sludge Production 0.5-1 0.1 kg VSS/kg N
CO2 Emissions >4.7 0.7 kg/kg N
Total Costs 4-6 1-3 $/kg N
Deammonification Characteristics
Slow growth rate: Double every 10-11 days
Growth Rate Population after 11 days
Anammox 11 days 1.0*21=2
Nitrobacter 13 hours 1.0 *220=1,050,000
Nitrosomomas 7 hours 1.4*238=138,000,000,000
E. Coli 17 minutes 1.0*2931
Deammonification Characteristics
Requirements to favor growth of deammonifiers:- Maintain long SRT. Retain the right bacteria
(selective wasting) - Temperature control- pH control- DO Control - Free ammonia control- Limit available carbon (BOD)
Process ConfigurationsDEMON (World Water Works) Sequencing Batch Reactor:- Acronym for DEamMONification
-Includes a hydrocyclone to separate granual anammox bacteria from the floc-forming AOBs and NOBs
-The heavier anammox are returned to the reactor, the flocs are separated and wasted.
-This allows the system to control the accumulation of NOBs and stabilize performance.
Moving Bed Biofilm MediaAOB and anammox bacteria are established within the biofilm.
The biofilm tends to locate in protected regions of the support media.
AnitaMoxA single stage deammonification MBBR by Veolia.
Media with protected surface area for biofilm growth of 1,200 m2/m3
Volumetric ammonium-N removal rate of up to 1.2kg-N/m3.day with a 40% media fill and temperature range of 27-300C
Summary
• Deammonification has been found to be:- Technically and economically feasible- Several technology options have been tested
and commercialized - More than 50 Full size deammonification units
have been constructed since first full scale in 2001.
Deammonification and HumboldtCandidates: Cities of Fortuna, Eureka, Arcata.
Compelling Factors:Regulatory: Fortuna: Surface Discharge facing stringent nutrient removal
Eureka, Arcata: Ocean and Bay discharge. No current nutrient regulations. Future regulation?Example JWPCB of the LACSD
Cost: Evaluation of cost/benefits of collaboration?
JWPCPJoint Water Pollution Control Plant-One of the largest wwtp in the world-Permitted capacity 400 mgd-Population served approx 3.5 mm-Discharge outfalls 1.5 miles off Palos Verdes peninsula to depth of 200ft.