Đề tài: Các loại máy khuấy trộn.docx

Muc luc1. Gii thiu12. ng dng13. Cc loi my khuy23.1. Khuy trn bng c kh (dng cnh khuy)23.1.1. Cc loi cnh khuy23.1.2. Cc thng s c bn53.2. Khuy bng kh nn73.3. My khuy chm73.3.1. c im73.3.2. M t cu to ca my khuy83.3.3. B iu khin103.3.4. nh gi h thng103.3.5. ng dng164. Cc lu khi thit k b175. Dng chy dc trc v dng chy hng tm18Tai liu tham khao:19

1. Gii thiuNn kinh t cng pht trin th vn nhim mi trng cng din ra trm trng. c bit, s nhim ngun nc ang mc ng bo ng. V vy, cn c bin php x l ngun nc thi sn xut trc khi thi ra ngoi t nhin. C nhiu bin php x l ngun nc thi ny, gp phn quan trng trong l khuy trn.Khuy trn l mt hot ng quan trng trong nhiu giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh x l nc thi nhm: Trn ln hon ton cht ny vi cht khc. Khuy trn duy tr cc cht rn l lng trng thi l lng. Khuy trn cc git cht lng trng thi l lng. Trn ln cc cht lng. To bng cn. Trao i nhit. Thng qu trnh khuy trn cn to ra c hiu qu ph l vic cung cp thm oxy ho tan cho qu trnh phn hy sinh hc hiu kh.2. ng dng Cc my khuy c s dng, trc ht l mt b phn trong trm x l nc thi. Chng ngn cn s kt ta ca cc cht kt ta trong b iu ho. Chng cng c s dng trong qu trnh sinh ho ti cc nh my x l nc thi. Ngoi ra chng cn c s dng trong nng nghip, cng nghip v h thng x l rc thi. My khuy c s dng trong: H thng x l nc thi th. H thng x l bn, b to bng, b keo t. Trm bm nc thi. Nh my x l nc thi. X l cng nghip. Nng nghip. Nh my kh sinh vt. Dng trong h thng x l nc thi. Nhim v ca chng l lm cht lng chuyn ng, lm ng nht ho cc thnh phn trong cht lng, ngn cn qu trnh lng, lm cho cht lng chuyn ng theo hng mong mun v khc phc lc cn ca dng chy trong nhng bung ngn h, mng nc. Chng c s dng lm tng hiu qu qu trnh vt l v ha hc din ra trong cht lng v c bit i vi cht rn v cht kh. i khi, my khuy, c bit l cc loi tc cao, c s dng nh chng li cn b trn b mt.3. Cc loi my khuy3.1. Khuy trn bng c kh (dng cnh khuy)Cc cnh khuy c hnh dng khc nhau, c lp t trong my. Khi my hot ng cnh khuy to ra s xo trn dng cht lng. Cnh khuy thng c s dng trong cc b khuy trn nh mt phng tin trn cht lng v huyn ph. Cnh khuy thng thng s dng mt thit k m v c gn vi mt trc trung tm c t trung tm ca b.

B khuy trn vi mt cnh khuy t chnh gia 3.1.1. Cc loi cnh khuy Cnh khuy mi cho: thng dng ho tan cht rn c khi lng ring khng ln, vic khuy trn to ra thu ng lc hc cao. Tc khuy chm, b mt cnh khuy ln hn, s dng ph bin trong b to bng. Cc li dao c lm bng thp tm, hn hoc c nh bng bu lng trn cc trc v thng l 2, 3 hoc 4 mnh. N c hai loi, li bng phng, thng v li gp.Cnh khuy gp tiu th t in nng hn so vi cnh khuy bng phng v thng. Cnh khuy mi cho cng c th c s dng khuy cht lng c nht cao,thc y s trao i ln xung ca cht lng.Tc quay ca cnh khuy l 20~100 vng/pht, nht cao nht l 20 Pa.s.

c im k thut: S lng cnh khuy tu theo yu cu, c th c 2, 3 cnh. Khuy cho b keo t. Trc khuy lin kt trc ng c bng ng ni ng trc. ng ni bng inox 304. Trc, cnh khuy bng inox 304. ng knh cnh khuy: 800 1200 mm. Tc : 20 100 vng/pht.ng dung: Khuy trn b keo t to bng.

Horizontal Paddle Wheel Cnh khuy chn vt (chong chng): iu ch dung dch huyn ph, nh tng, khng th dung cnh khuy chn vt khuy cht lng c nht cao hoc khuy cht lng trong c cc ht rn c khi lng ring ln, ch yu c s dng trong cht lng c nht thp. Hiu qu khuy thu ng lc hc cao. Cnh khuy tiu chun gm c 3 mnh.Mc bin ng ca cht lng l khng cao khi cnh khuy ang lm vic. ng knh ca cnh qut khuy nh, d/D = 1/4~1/3, tc u thng l 7~10 m/s, tc ti a c th c 15m/s.c im k thut: S lng cnh khuy: 2 hoc 3 cnh. Tc khuy chm: 70 130 vng/pht. Trc khuy lin kt vi trc bng ng ni inox 304. Trc v cnh khuy lm bng inox 304, 316.ng dng: Khuy b phn ng to bng keo t. Khuy b iu chnh PH. Khuy b cn bng b kh Nito, kh Photpho. Cnh khuy tuabin: iu ch huyn ph mn, ho tan cc cht rn nhanh hoc khuy trn cc ht rn lng cn c nng pha rn n 60%. Turbine khuy thuc v khuy cht lng nht thp, n c hiu qu c th hon thnh tt c cc hot ng trn v x l vi nhiu nht ca dung dch st.Khuy tua bin c chia thnh loi m v loi a. Loi m bao gm cnh qut thng v phng, cnh qut xin, cnh qut cong;Loi a bao gm a cnh qut phng v thng, a cnh qut xin, a cnh qut cong, v.v Cnh khuy tuabin m loi thng l 2 hoc 4 ming;loi a l ph bin nht 6 ming. Lc ct ln,c th lm cho cc ht cht lng phn tn rt tt, ph hp vi nht thp n trung bnh ca cht lng (cht lng phn tn, cht huyn ph).Cnh khuy un cong theo hng dng chy cht lng, c th gim tiu th in nng vph hp vi khuy cht lng c cha ht rn gin.c im k thut: Cnh khuy tuabin 4 cnh, gc nghing 450. Tc khuy chm, kiu trc khuy ng trc ng c. Trc khuy lin kt ng tm vi hp gim tc bng ng ni trc. ng ni trc c sn ph chng n mn cao. Trc v cnh khuy bng inox 304, 316 vi kch thc c th thay i. ng ni trc bng inox 304. Tc khuy: 100-200 rpm. ng knh cnh khuy t: 200-800mm. Trc v cnh khuy c lp t ri nhau.ng dng: Cnh khuy c dng cho cc th tch b t 0,1 180 m3. Khuy trn b phn ng keo t. Khuy trn bn pha ho cht. Khuy trn h thng sn xut thc phm. Khuy trn b chng lng bn cn.3.1.2. Cc thng s c bn Cng sut theo HP: Nng lng tiu th bi mt cnh khuy quay c th d dng o c bng m lc. M lc c th c p dng tnh cho hu ht cc my khuy (dng chy ri) nh sau:SHP = Trong : Np la nng lng ca cnh khuyN la tc cnh khuy (vng/pht)D la ng knh cnh khuy (IN)S.G. la trng lng ring1,53 x 1013 la h s chuyn i Nh c th thy t cng thc ny, thay i s vng trong 1 pht hoc ng knh cnh khuy c tc ng ln vn hnh my trn. Khi kim tra hiu lc m lc v gn n cng vi cng thc cho cng sut bm, c th ly :Q HP = D4/3KTrong : QHP la cng sut dng chy lin tc D la ng knhcnh qut(inches)K la hng s iu ny c ngha l, nu m lc khng i v chng ta tng ng knh cnh khuy, (s vng/pht phi gim xung) v do tng D / T s nhn c mt tng s xo trn trong dng chy. H s nht: Nh m t trong phn s Reynolds , khi tng nht th s tiu hao in c th bt u tng ln. n gin ch cn tng m lc u vo , nhng phi nh rng s thay i ny lm gim yu t hot ng ca b truyn ng my khuy. Tng nht cng nh hng n cc c tnh dng chy ca cht lng . Mt yu t iu chnh c th thu c t mt k s ng dng my trn . Tuy nhin, cc cht lng nn c kim tra trong phng th nghim c c mt h s cc h s nht sn c. My nhiu cnh khuy : My nhiu cnh khuy c th c yu cu cho mt s quy trnh. iu ny c th l cu to b hoc cc c tnh cht lng. Bt k c bao nhiu cnh khuy c yu cu hoc l do ti sao th cng sut ca n cng quan trng. S Reynolds: Reynolds s l mt s nguyn c th c tnh ton nh sau:NRe = Trong : la h s nht cht lng (cPs)

Cng Sut l hng s i vi tng loi cnh khuy min l s Reynolds cao. S Reynolds l ch s pha trn ca cc loi cht lng. Nu S Reynolds l trn 2.000, my khuy thng hot ng trong ch cht lng ni Cng Sut l khng i (dng chy ri). Khi tnh ton S Reynolds l t hn 1.000 (chy thnh lp), sau Cng Sut tng ln khi s Reynolds gim. Trong trng hp ny, cn phi c c mt Np (Cng Sut ) vs Nrey (s Reynolds) ng cong t nh sn xut cnh khuy hoc bng cch th nghim. Cc minh ha di y cho thy rng, chng ta t n mt im m Cng Sut bt u tng mnh. Thi im ny ph thuc vo loi cnh khuy s dng. S Reynolds hoc Nrey gia 1000 v 2000 thng c coi l "trong qu trnh chuyn i"

Thnh tng Chuyn tip Hn lon

Cng Sut : Mi cnh qut ca thit k hnh hc lin tc th hin mt s ng cong thng nht. Khi bit tc cnh qut v ng knh, trng lng ring cht lng, v m lc, chng ta c th tnh ton s cnh khuy vi cng thc sau:Np = Trong : SHP la m lc (HP)N la tc (RPM)D la ng knh cnh qut (inchs)S.G. la trng lng ring i vi s Reynolds rt cao, ( nht thp) ng cong Np l thng. Nhiu ng dng cnh khuy l nhng g chng ta thng gi l cc ng dng lu lng kim sot. iu ny c ngha l kt qu qu trnh l mt kt qu trc tip ca t l khuy trn hoc dng chy.Hin tng lm xoy: Khuy mnh vn tc ln lc li tm cng ln lm cho cht lng chun ng dt ra 2 bn xut hin lm xoy c hi cho qu trnh khuy trn. Bin php: s dng cc tm chn, ph v s phn lp to thnh trong qu trnh khuy.

3.2. Khuy bng kh nn Dng khuy cht lng c nht thp. Khi tnh thit b khuy bng kh nn, cn phi tnh c p sut ca dng kh, p sut ny dng khc phc tr lc cc b, tr lc do ct cht lng=H1 + (1 + + 0Trong o: H la chiu cao ct cht lng., la khi lng ring ca cht lng v ca khng kh (kg/m3). la vn tc khng kh trong ng.3.3. My khuy chm3.3.1. c im Cc my khuy chm c th hot ng trong cht lng nhit ti a 40C v ngp su n 10 m. Khi lp t my trn chm phi ch n v tr ca n. c bit l s cn bng trong b ti ni m cc hot ng xy ra lin tc khi p lc ca my khuy bng cc p lc bn ngoi tc ng n chiu xoay ca cnh qut. V vy, cc p lc bn ngoi phi c tnh ton. Ngoi ra lng nc a vo b (v d nh t s tun hon) phi c tnh ton. Khng ch cc gi tr lu lng dng chy m cn s iu hng ca chng cng rt quan trng. Cc my khuy phi t trong lng cht lng vi mt tc quy nh m bo thi gian thch hp ca qu trnh. T quan im cng ngh pha trn ca xem, khi lng bm qua ng knh bn ngoi ca my trn l khng quan trng; quan trng l khi lng t trong chuyn ng vi tc quy nh. Theo cc nghin cu, trc hng tm ca quay chuyn cho cc cht lng bng cch khuy l quan trng. N tng ng vi lc ti cnh qut hng trc. V vy, lc hng trc l thng s quan trng nht ca my khuy v n c quy nh ti danh mc sn phm. Lc hng trc c th d dng chuyn i thnh hiu qu dng khi lng cht lng (tc cng sut) a vo chuyn ng vi tc v quy nh. Khi nc thi c khuy trn, cc yu cu tc nc t nht l v = 0,3 m/s. V vy, "cng sut thc t" cho v = 0,3 m/s c xc lp. My khuy c th chuyn ng trong lng nc ny vi tc ti thiu v = 0,3 m/s. Lc trc: F (kN); Hiu qu u ra: v = 0,3 (m/s); Q = 0,3 (m3/s); Cng sut u vo ng c: P1 (kW); Cng sut u ra ng c ( trc ng c): P2 (kW).

3.3.2. M t cu to ca my khuy My khuy truyn ng trc tip (S, SG, RHRS): Cu to: Cnh khuy: 2 hoc 3 cnh, t lm sch ng c: 3 pha, 400 V, 50 Hz, lp bo v IP68, lp cch in F, cm bin lng kim c ci t trong mi giai on, 10 m dy cpti in, lp ph bo v tng hp. ng c c lm mt bng cht lng xung quanh. Chng thm: Trc c cnh bm c bt kn vi hai van. Mt van tip xc vi cht lng l mt m bt kn u trc hot ng c lp vi chiu quay; bn rt cao, lm t hp cht Cacbon Silic hoc Vonfram; pha ng c trc cnh khuy c lm kn bng mt vnh m kn. B m: N gip ng c chng li m do r r. Tm dn hng (ch dnh cho cnh khuy 590mm): N l mt ng dng tr c cnh qut quay trong . Khi hot ng th bin dng v lu lng c ci thin. N c lm bng thp khng g. S pht hin ch r r: Cc my khuy c trang b mt h thng pht hin r r in t. N cho thy s hin din ca nc trong bung m.

Vt liu: Cnh khuy: Loi S: epocyde-tng hpLoi SG: thp 1.4301Loi RHRS: thp 1.4306 ng c: gang ZL 250 Cnh trc: thp khng g Ming m kn u trc: SiC / SiC hoc SiC / Co Ming m khc: elastomer fluoric (FKM), thp 1.4301 (1,4306), Kierownica: thp 1.4301 My khuy truyn ng bng tay (UMA): Cu to: Cnh khuy: 2 cnh, t lm sch. ng c: 3 pha, 400 V, 50 Hz, lp bo v IP68, lp cch in F, cm bin lng kim c ci t trong mi giai on,10 m dy cp ti in. ng c c lm mt bng cht lng xung quanh. Lp ph bo v tng hp. B truyn ng bng tay: 2 hoc 3 giai on, cao bn gim tc xon c, vi thn gang, bi trn bng du tng hp, trc u ra v khp bn ngoi lm bng thp khng g, sn bo v tng hp. Chng thm: Trc c cnh bm c bt kn vi hai van. Mt van tip xc vi cht lng l mt ming m bt kn u trc hot ng c lp vi chiu quay; bn rt cao, lm t hp cht Cacbon Silic; pha ng c trc cnh khuy c lm kn bng mt vnh m kn. Thng cha du: c y du tng hp bo v cho thit b chng li m v r r. Tm dn hng (ch dung cho cnh 480, 650, 800 mm): N l mt ng dng tr c cnh qut quay trong . Khi hot ng th bin dng v lu lng c ci thin. N c lm bng thp khng g. S pht hin ch r r: Cc my khuy c trang b mt h thng pht hin r r in t. N cho thy s hin din ca nc trong khoang du. Vt liu: Cnh khuy: Epidian nha epoxy + si thy tinh (laminate) trc chong chng: thp 1,4021 (2H13) ng c: gang ZL 250 Hp s: gang ZL 250 Cnh trc: thp 1,4028 (3H13) Ming m kn u trc: SiC/SiC Ming m khc: elastomer fluoric (FKM) Mi ni ghp bulong: thp 1.4301 Tm dn hng: thp 1.4301

u th trong cu to: Cp ngun chng thm nc: Chng thm su 30 mt. Bo v cp in vi vng m mm. Dy cp ngun vi cc thng s k thut m bo vic phng chng chy n my mc. Cch in ca cun dy dn: Cc lp cch inc lm bng tay mt cch cn thn, m bo an ton sau mt thi gian di hot ng. Khung ng c n nh: Lp v Galvanic ngn chn mi s n mn in ha hc. Cp ngun c c nh bi mt ci np chc chn. Du cch in: Ci thin vic truyn nhit so vi khng kh lm mt thng thng. Cc ng c c hiu sut cao hn v khng gp vn vi vic hnh thnh m. Thm vo , n cho php mt thit k nh gn hn. Hot ng cm bin r r in t: Pht hin cht lng tn ti trong bnh rng mt cch nhy bn, thm ch n c th pht hin nhanh chng d hm lng rt nh nht. V vy, s khng xy ra bt k thit hi no.3.3.3. B iu khin Cm bin r r c th pht hin nc hoc nc thi bn trong my trn. Cc thit lp kim sot loi FKS kt ni vi cc cm bin v c ci t trong mt v bc kn chu trch nhim cho nhng v tr tip xc v cm bin kim sot r r. Cc thit lp kim sot FKS khng chu trch nhim cho vic tt m iu khin ng c. N cn cung cp in p 230V v in p cung cp ny c th khng c kt ni trc tip t ng c cung cp in p. Khi in p 230V c cung cp v cm bin khng thng bo c s r r no i vi my v h thng kim sot, mt tn hiu c gi chuyn tip cc tip im c ng li. Mt khc, khi c s r r, mc d n bo sn sang nhng my s khng hot ng. Thit lp ny l mt phn khng th thiu ca mt my trn vi cm bin r r.3.3.4. nh gi h thng My khuy truyn ng trc tip:Loi my khuy: S (G)Loi my khuy: RHRSLoi my khuy: UMA

ng knh cnh khuy: 265Tc quay ca cnh khuy: 950 vng /phtCng sut ng c: 1,5 kWPht hin r r: CCng sut ng c: 12kWS cc ng c: 4 S cnh khuy: 3M sn phm: 02Pht hin r r: Cng knh cnh khuy: 80Tc quay ca cnh khuy: 263 vng /phtCng sut ng c: 4kWDn hng cnh khuy: KCm bin r r: C

Thng s k thut:S (SH) v RH loi my trn chm c th hot ng trong nc vi mc hydrat ha vt qu 93%. Chng ngn chn vic hnh thnh cc cht cn b trn b mt hoc ph hy n. Nhng my trn c s dng nh l thit b ca nh my x l thnh ph v cng nghip.Thng s k thut (i vi nng 1000 kg/m3):Loi my khuyng knh cnh khuy D (mm)Tc cnh khuyVng/phtLc trcF(kN)Nng sut (m3/s)Cng sut ng c P1 (kW)Cng sut ng c P2 (kW)Cng dng in (A)Tc to dng chyKhi lng (kg)

Cnh khuy nha tng hp

S230/725/1,12307250,120,40,41,13,43,645

S230/950/1,12309500,20,650,91,13,15,243

S230/1450/2,223014500,451,52,62,24,76,444

S265/725/1,12657250,190,630,71,13,43,646

S265/950/1,52659500,361,21,751,53,04,645

S265/1450/4,026514500,82,655,04,08,96,647

S315/725/2,23157250,511,72,22,25,44,980

S315/950/5,53159500,822,74,45,511,96,295

S590/475/10.0Ex590*4752,658,810,510,0424,6250

Cnh khuy bng thp khng g

S230/725/1,12307250,120,40,41,13,43,646

S230/950/1,12309500,20,650,91,13,15,244

S230/1450/2,223014500,451,52,62,24,76,445

S265/725/1,12657250,190,630,71,13,43,647

S265/950/1,52659500,361,21,751,53,04,646

S265/1450/4,026514500,82,655,04,08,96,648

S315/725/2,23157250,511,72,22,25,44,982

S315/950/5,53159500,822,74,45,511,96,297

Cnh khuy bng thp khng g

RHRS 08/4-302/C180*14500,140,471,10,82,83,629

RHRS 12/4-302C180*14500,210,71,71,23,33,629

RHRS 19/6- 202C2509500,31,03,11,95,73,736

RHRS 29/4 -202C25014500,431,43,42,96,23,637

RHRS 32/4- 202C25014500,913,04,33,27,63,645

P1 - sc mnh ca mng li in (kW)P2 - cng sut danh ngha (kW)(*) - Cnh khuy ba cnh My khuy vi cc thit b gim: UMA loi my khuy chm c th hot ng trong nc vi mt mc hydrat ha vt qu 98%. Chng lm cc cht lng chuyn ng, ng nht thnh phn ca cht lng, ngn chn lng ng trm tch, to dng chy cht lng v chng li khng c ca dng chy trong cc phng m, mng, knh. Cc lnh vc ng dng c th bao gm cc nh my x l nc thi, v d: phng nitrat ha, kh nit, dephosphotation, qu trnh ln men. i vi UMA 480, 650, 800 my trn mm. UMA loi my trn c c trng bi thit k hin i v cc thng s hot ng tt.

Thng s k thut (i vi nng 1000 kg/m3):Loi my khuyng knh cnh khuy D (mm)Tc cnh khuyVng/phtLc trcF(kN)Nng sut (m3/s)Cng sut ng c P1 (kW)Cng sut ng c P2 (kW)Cng dng in (A)Tc to dng chyKhi lng (kg)

UMA 48/233/2,24802330,270,91,222,24,76,4116

UMA 48/297/2,24802970,411,351,522,24,76,4116

UMA 48/360/2,24803600,612,052,372,24,76,4116

UMA 48/400/4,04804000,752,53,464,08,96,6118

UMA 65/200/2,26502000,72,351,722,24,76,4117

UMA 65/233/2,26502330,93,02,42,24,76,4117

UMA 65/263/4,06502631,153,82,94,08,96,6120

UMA 56/397/4,06502971,55,03,754,08,96,6120

UMA 65/273/4,06503271,86,04,954,08,96,6120

UMA 80/233/4,08002331,65,33,34,08,96,6120

UMA 80/263/4,008002632,076,94,674,08,96,6120

UMA 80/297/7,58002972,688,96,267,514,66,7210

UMA 80/327/7,58003273,311,08,457,514,66,7210

UMA 80/360/11,08003604,0313,411,311,022,07,1220

UMA 100/58/2,21000580,341,120,452,24,76,4138

UMA 100/58/2,21000730,521,70,842,24,76,4138

UMA 100/73/2,21000930,842,81,622,24,76,4138

UMA 100/117/4,010001171,284,33,054,08,96,6143

UMA 125/73/2,21250731,264,22,252,24,76,4142

UMA 125/80/4,01250801,575,233,384,08,96,6145

UMA 125/93/4,01250932,046,84,854,08,96,6145

UMA 200/29/2,22000291,44,651,752,24,76,4207

UMA 200/36/4,02000362,06,653,14,08,96,6210

UMA 200/40/4,02000402,79,04,584,08,96,6210

UMA 250/29/2,22500292,58,32,542,24,76,4212

UMA 250/36/4,002500363,612,04,54,08,96,6215

UMA 250/40/7,52500404,715,76,357,514,66,7250

P1 - Cng sut ca mng li in (kW)P2 - cng sut danh (kW) Phm vi to dng chy: S phm vi to dng chy, tc 0,3 m/s. Cc biu cho thy phm vi to dng chy c th ti a cho cc loi my trn c th ti dng chy khng b xo trn.

3.3.5. ng dngLoi bS230315; RHRSSG 230315S 590UMA 4880UMA 100250

B lu_ __

B nc ma _ _

Trm bm nc thi _

B phn ng sinh hc_

B nitrat ho_

B kh Nito_

B kh Photpho_

L phn ng SBR_

Ngn ln men _

Bung keo t_

B trung ho _

B trn _

Bung lng _

Lng kh nc

B cha bn _

H thu nc

c ngh _ C th

X l nc thi: Trm bm B cha nc ma X l sinh hc bn hot tnh X l nc thi chnh X l nc thi th cp X l phn hy bn B cha bn B cha ng nht Qu trnh cng nghip: Ngnh cng nghip giy Trn sn v thuc nhum Ngnh cng nghip ha cht Quy trnh ng nht cng nghip khc X l bn: Thanh trng v cht lm c bn Qu trnh phn hy Kh kh v lu tr vi trn Nng nghip: Bn4. Cc lu khi thit k b Thit k b trn l yu t quan trng nht trong quyt nh s thnh cng. cho mt cnh khuy thc hin ti u, ng v tr v ng chc nng l iu cn thit. V tr cnh khuy khng chnh xc c th cn tr hiu sut khuy v gy bt li cho b truyn ng ca my khuy. D/T l t l ng knh cnh khuy v ng knh b. N dao ng 0,20~0,60. D/T qu nh c th khng c hiu qu khuy trn. D/T qu ln c th chim ht din tch b gy tc nghn. Kch thc ca my khuy thng c t l D/T l 0,25. ng knh cnh khuy c iu chnh ph hp vi b truyn ng m mang li li ch kinh t nht. D/T nh hn c th c b p li bng cch tng dng chy ln cao to ra bi s tng s vng quay ca cnh khuy (vng/pht). Z/T l t l chiu cao cht lng vi ng knh b. Khi t l ny vt qu 1.2 nn s dng cnh khuy kp. Khong cch t cnh khuy n y b thng l t 1n 2 ng knh cnh qut. Tm bao ph l t 2 n 4 ng knh cnh qut.

Sp xp cc vch ngn: Bn vch ngn, gc 90. Vch ngn rng 1/12 ng knh b; Z l 6 inch. Ba vch ngn, 120. Vch ngn rng 1/12 ng knh b; Z l 6 inch.5. Dng chy dc trc v dng chy hng tm Khi lp rp vi mt cnh khuy, iu quan trng l phi la chn gia trc v loi dng chy hng tm. Cnh khuy hng tm- m thng c cnh qut hnh ch nht - c s dng khi cht lng trong b c nht ln hoc l hai cht khng th trn ln c. Trc cnh khuy thch hp cho s ng nht v khuy vi yu cu chuyn ng ln.

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