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DDC-SVC-MAN-0055

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Detroit Diesel Corporationis registered to ISO 9001:2001. Copyright Detroit Diesel Corporation.All rights reserved. Detroit Diesel Corporation is a Daimler company.Printed in U.S.A.

13400 Outer Drive, West, Detroit, Michigan 48239-4001

Telephone: 313-592-5000

www.detroitdiesel.com

EPA04 MBE 900

Operators Manual

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MBE 900 OPERATOR'S MANUAL

To the Operator

This manual contains instructions

on the safe operation and preventive

maintenance of your Detroit Diesel

MBE 900 engine. Maintenance

instructions cover routine engine

services such as lube oil and filter

changes in enough detail to permit

self-servicing if desired.

The operator should become familiar

with the contents of this manual before

operating the engine or carrying out

maintenance procedures.

Power-driven equipment is only

as safe as the person operating the

controls. You are urged, as the

operator of this diesel engine, to keepfingers and clothing away from the

revolving belts, drive shafts, etc. on

engine installation.

Throughout this manualCAUTIONS

regarding personal safety and

NOTICES regarding engine

performance or service life will

appear. To avoid personal injury and

ensure long engine service life, always

heed these instructions.

Whenever possible, it will benefit you

to rely on an authorized Detroit Diesel

service outlet for all your service

needs from maintenance to major

parts replacement. Authorized serviceoutlets worldwide stock factory

original parts and have the specialized

equipment and experienced, trained

personnel to provide prompt

preventive maintenance and skilledengine repairs.

The information and specifications

in this publication are based on the

information in effect at the time of

approval for printing. Contact an

authorized Detroit Diesel service

outlet for information on the latest

revision. The right is reserved tomake changes at any time without

obligation.

NOTICE:

Coolant must be inhibited with

the recommended Supplemental

Coolant Additives (SCA) listed in

this manual. In addition, the engine

can be equipped with a coolant

filter/inhibitor system as an installed

option or as an after-sale item.

Failure to check and maintain SCA

levels at required concentrations will

result in severe damage corrosion

to the engine cooling system and

related components.

Trademark Information

Detroit Diesel, DDEC, and

Diagnostic Link are registered

trademarks of Detroit Diesel

Corporation. Nexiq is a trademarkof Nexiq Technologies, Inc. All other

trademarks are the property of their

respective owners.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTION SUMMARY .......................................................................... 1

ENGINE OPERATION ..................................................................... 1

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ....................................................... 2

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ................................................................... 4

COOLING SYSTEM ......................................................................... 5

AIR INTAKE SYSTEM ...................................................................... 5FUEL SYSTEM ................................................................................ 7

COMPRESSED AIR ......................................................................... 8

LUBRICATING OIL AND FILTERS .................................................. 8

IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................. 9

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 12

ENGINE CONVERSIONS AND MODIFICATIONS .......................... 13

GENERAL VIEW OF THE MBE900 ENGINE .................................. 13

ENGINE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ............................................. 20DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGINE .................................................... 21

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ............................................. 22

EXHAUST BRAKE/CONSTANT-THROTTLE VALVES,

OPTIONAL ....................................................................................... 23

ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM ................................. 24

DDEC-ECU .................................................................................. 25

DDEC-VCU .................................................................................. 26

SENSOR LOCATIONS .................................................................... 27

OPERATION ........................................................................................ 30

BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE ................................................ 30

CHECKING THE BATTERIES ..................................................... 30

CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL ....................................................... 31

CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL (COLD CHECK) ................ 32

ADDING FUEL ............................................................................. 32

PRIMING THE FUEL SYSTEM ................................................... 32

STARTING THE ENGINE ................................................................ 32CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL (HOT CHECK) .................. 33

STARTING AN ENGINE THAT HAS NOT BEEN RUN FOR AN

EXTENDED PERIOD .................................................................. 34

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

MONITORING ENGINE OPERATION ............................................. 35

BATTERY CHARGE .................................................................... 35OIL PRESSURE .......................................................................... 35

EXCESSIVE IDLING ................................................................... 36

CHANGING THE IDLE SPEED ....................................................... 36

SHUTTING DOWN THE ENGINE ................................................... 36

SHUTTING DOWN AFTER HARD OPERATION ........................ 36

EMERGENCY RUNNING MODE .................................................... 37

STOP ENGINE OVERRIDE OPTION .............................................. 37

COLD WEATHER OPERATION ...................................................... 38

WINTER FRONTS ....................................................................... 38

CLEANING AND STORAGE ............................................................... 39

CLEANING THE ENGINE ................................................................ 39

HIGH-PRESSURE CLEANING EQUIPMENT ............................. 39

CLEANING THE COOLING SYSTEM ............................................. 39

DEGREASING ............................................................................. 40

STORAGE ........................................................................................ 41

TROUBLESHOOTING ......................................................................... 42

EMERGENCY STARTING ............................................................... 42

TROUBLESHOOTING THE ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL

SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 42

GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................... 42

SERVICE PRODUCTS ......................................................................... 55

DIESEL FUELS ................................................................................ 55

FLOW IMPROVERS .................................................................... 55

KEROSENE ................................................................................. 55

ENGINE OILS .................................................................................. 56

EGR ENGINES ............................................................................ 56

NON-EGR ENGINES ................................................................... 57

SYNTHETIC OILS ....................................................................... 57

COOLANT ........................................................................................ 57

FULLY-FORMULATED ANTIFREEZE ......................................... 57

WATER ........................................................................................ 58COOLANT SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................... 58

COOLANT CONCENTRATION ................................................... 58

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SUPPLEMENTAL COOLANT ADDITIVES FOR FULLY

FORMULATED COOLANT .......................................................... 59DROPOUT ................................................................................... 60

DISPOSAL ................................................................................... 60

COLD WEATHER PRODUCTS ....................................................... 60

WINTER-GRADE DIESEL FUEL ................................................. 60

LOW-VISCOSITY ENGINE OIL ................................................... 61

WINTER COOLANT ANTIFREEZE PROTECTION .................... 61

BATTERIES ................................................................................. 61

TECHNICAL DATA .............................................................................. 63ENGINE DATA FOR EGR ENGINE ................................................. 64

ENGINE DATA FOR NON-EGR ENGINE ........................................ 65

TESTING AND ADJUSTING VALUES ............................................. 66

MAINTENANCE ................................................................................... 67

SCHEDULED INTERVALS .............................................................. 67

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE TYPES ......................................... 67

SEVERE SERVICE ................................................................. 67SHORT-HAUL ......................................................................... 68

LONG-HAUL ........................................................................... 68

OPERATING HOURS VS. FUEL CONSUMPTION (OIL DRAIN

INTERVAL ONLY) ................................................................... 68

UNIMOG .................................................................................. 68

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE AND INTERVAL

OPERATIONS ......................................................................... 68

MAINTENANCE INTERVALS ................................................. 68

MAINTENANCE OPERATION SETS ...................................... 69

SCHEDULE USE ............................................................................. 69

MAINTENANCE TABLES AND GRAPHS ........................................ 70

REQUIRED MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS ................................... 78

ENGINE INSPECTING ................................................................ 78

VALVE LASH CHECKING AND ADJUSTING ............................. 78

GAINING ACCESS TO THE VALVES ..................................... 79

METHOD ONE: ADJUST EACH CYLINDER IN FIRING

ORDER ................................................................................... 80METHOD TWO: ADJUST ALL VALVES USING TWO

CRANKSHAFT POSITIONS ................................................... 81

CHECKING VALVE LASH ....................................................... 82

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WARRANTY PERIOD .................................................................. 103

SERVICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................104LIKE REPLACEMENT ENGINE ..................................................104

ENGINE REMOVAL AND REINSTALLATION ............................. 104

THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER: ......................................... 104

REPAIRS DUE TO ACCIDENTS, MISUSE, STORAGE DAMAGE,

NEGLIGENCE OR CERTAIN MODIFICATIONS .........................104

MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................105

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ......................105

OTHER LIMITATIONS .................................................................105

LIMITED WARRANTY ON NEW DETROIT DIESEL MBE

900 ENGINES USED IN FIRE TRUCK OR CRASH VEHICLE

APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................106

TERMS OF COVERAGE .................................................................106

USES ...........................................................................................106

DEFECTS ....................................................................................106

REPAIRS .....................................................................................106

WARRANTY PERIOD .................................................................. 106LIKE REPLACEMENT ENGINE ..................................................107

SERVICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................107



REPAIRS DUE TO ACCIDENTS, MISUSE, STORAGE DAMAGE,

NEGLIGENCE OR CERTAIN MODIFICATIONS .........................107

MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................108

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ......................108OTHER LIMITATIONS .................................................................108

LIMITED WARRANTY ON NEW DETROIT DIESEL MBE 900

ENGINES USED IN UNIMOG APPLICATIONS .................................. 109

TERMS OF COVERAGE .................................................................109

USES ...........................................................................................109

DEFECTS ....................................................................................109

REPAIRS .....................................................................................109

WARRANTY PERIOD .................................................................. 109LIKE REPLACEMENT ENGINE ..................................................110

SERVICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................110


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TABLE OF CONTENTS


REPAIRS DUE TO ACCIDENTS, MISUSE, STORAGE DAMAGE,NEGLIGENCE OR CERTAIN MODIFICATIONS ......................... 110

MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................111

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ......................111

OTHER LIMITATIONS .................................................................111

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CAUTION SUMMARY

The following cautions must be

observed by the operator of the

vehicle or equipment in which this

engine is installed and/or by those

performing basic engine preventive

maintenance. Failure to read and heed

these cautions and exercise reasonable

care for personal safety and the

safety of others when operating the

vehicle/equipment or performing basic

engine preventive maintenance may

result in personal injury and engine

and/or vehicle/equipment damage.

Engine Operation

Observe the following cautions whenoperating the engine.

FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, keep all

potential ignition sources awayfrom diesel fuel, including open

flames, sparks, and electrical

resistance heating elements. Do

not smoke when refueling.

PERSONAL INJURY

Diesel engine exhaust and some

of its constituents are known to

the State of California to cause

cancer, birth defects, and other

reproductive harm.

Always start and operate an

engine in a well ventilated

area.

If operating an engine in

an enclosed area, vent the

exhaust to the outside.

Do not modify or tamper

with the exhaust system or

emission control system.

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CAUTION SUMMARY

Preventive Maintenance

Observe the following cautions when

performing preventative maintenance.

HOT OIL

To avoid injury from hot oil, do

not operate the engine with the

rocker cover(s) removed.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from slipping and

falling, immediately clean up any

spilled liquids.

USED ENGINE OIL

To avoid injury to skin from

contact with the contaminants in

used engine oil, wear protective

gloves and apron.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury when working

near or on an operating engine

equipped with an hydraulic

clutch fan, remove loose items

of clothing and jewelry. Tie back

or contain long hair that could

be caught in any moving part

causing injury. The hydraulic fan

may start without warning.

HOT COOLANT

To avoid scalding from the

expulsion of hot coolant, never

remove the cooling system

pressure cap while the engine is

at operating temperature. Wear

adequate protective clothing

(face shield, rubber gloves,apron, and boots). Remove the

cap slowly to relieve pressure.

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PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from the

projection of tools or other

objects that may fall on or behind

the vibration damper of an

engine, always check and remove

these items before starting the

engine.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from contactwith rotating parts when an

engine is operating with the air

inlet piping removed, install an

air inlet screen shield over the

turbocharger air inlet. The shield

prevents contact with rotating

parts.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury when using

caustic cleaning agents, follow

the chemical manufacturers

usage, disposal, and safety

instructions.

FIRE

To avoid injury from combustion

of heated lubricating-oil vapors,

stop the engine immediately if an

oil leak is detected.

FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, do not

smoke or allow open flames when

working on an operating engine.

FIRE

To avoid injury from fire from a

buildup of volatile vapors, keepthe engine area well ventilated

during operation.


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CAUTION SUMMARY

Electrical System


jump starting an engine, charging a

battery, or working with the vehicle

electrical system.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from accidental

engine startup while servicing

the engine, disconnect/disable

the starting system.

Electrical Shock

To avoid injury from electrical

shock, use care when connecting

battery cables. The magnetic

switch studs are at battery

voltage.

Battery Explosion and Acid Burn

To avoid injury from battery

explosion or contact with battery

acid, work in a well ventilated

area, wear protective clothing,

and avoid sparks orflames near

the battery. If you come in contact

with battery acid:

Flush your skin with water.

Apply baking soda or lime to

help neutralize the acid.

Flush your eyes with water.

Get medical attention

immediately.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

To avoid injury from electricalshock, do not touch battery

terminals, alternator terminals, or

wiring cables while the engine is

operating.


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Cooling System

Observe the following cautions whenservicing the cooling system.

HOT COOLANT


expulsion of hot coolant, neverremove the cooling system




(face shield, rubber gloves,

apron, and boots). Remove the


PERSONAL INJURY


falling, immediately clean up any

spilled liquids.

Air Intake System

Observe the following cautions whenworking on the air intake system.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from hot surfaces,

wear protective gloves, or allowengine to cool before removing

any component.


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CAUTION SUMMARY

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from contact

with rotating parts when an

engine is operating with the air

inlet piping removed, install an

air inlet screen shield over the

turbocharger air inlet. The shield

prevents contact with rotating

parts.


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Fuel System

Observe the following cautions whenfueling the vehicle or working with

the fuel system.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from fuel spills,

do not overfill the fuel tank.

FIRETo avoid injury from fire, contain

and eliminate leaks offlammable

fluids as they occur. Failure to

eliminate leaks could result in

fire.

FIRE


potential ignition sources away

from diesel fuel, including open




FIRE

To avoid injury from fire caused

by heated diesel-fuel vapors:

Keep those people who are not

directly involved in servicing

away from the engine.

Stop the engine immediately ifa fuel leak is detected.

Do not smoke or allow open

flames when working on an

operating engine.

Wear adequate protective

clothing (face shield,

insulated gloves and apron,etc.).

To prevent a buildup of

potentially volatile vapors,

keep the engine area well

ventilated during operation.


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CAUTION SUMMARY

Compressed Air


using compressed air.

EYE INJURY

To avoid injury from flying debris

when using compressed air, wearadequate eye protection (face

shield or safety goggles) and do

not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air

pressure.

Lubricating Oil and Filters


replacing the engine lubricating oil

and filters.

PERSONAL INJURY


falling, immediately clean up anyspilled liquids.

FIRE

To avoid injury from combustionof heated lubricating-oil vapors,

stop the engine immediately if an

oil leak is detected.

FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, do not

smoke or allow open flames when

working on an operating engine.

FIRE

To avoid injury from fire from a

buildup of volatile vapors, keep

the engine area well ventilated

during operation.


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IDENTIFICATION

The MBE900 engine is built in

accordance with sound technological

principles and based on state-of-the-art

technology. It complies with all United

States Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) and California Air

Resources Board (CARB) emission

standards. An emission label is

attached to the cylinder head cover, as

required by law. See Figure1for the

emission label for the 6-cylinder EGR

model and Figure2for the 4-cylinder

EGR model.

Figure 1 Emission Label, 6Cylinder EGR Engine


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IDENTIFICATION

Figure 2 Emission Label, 4Cylinder EGR Engine


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See Figure3for the emission label for

the 6-cylinder non-EGR model. .

Figure 3 Emission Label, NonEGR 6-Cylinder


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IDENTIFICATION

See Figure4 for the 4-cylinder

non-EGR model

Figure 4 Emission Label, NonEGR 4-Cylinder

Despite this, the engine may constitute

a risk of damage to property or

injury to persons under the following

conditions:

It is not used for its intended

purpose.

It is modified or converted in an

incorrect manner.

The safety instructions included in

this manual are disregarded.

Personnel Requirements

Work on the engine should be carried

out only by skilled technicians whohave been instructed in the specific

skills necessary for the type of work

being performed.


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Engine Conversions and

Modifi

cationsThe function and safety of the engine

could be affected if unauthorized

modifications are made. Detroit

Diesel will not accept responsibility

for any resulting damage.

Tampering with the fuel injection

system and engine electronics could

also affect the engine's power output or

exhaust emission levels. Compliance

with the manufacturer's settings

and with statutory environmental

protection regulations cannot then be

guaranteed.

General View of the

MBE900 EngineThe 2004 on-highway MBE900

engine is equipped with an Exhaust

Gas Recirculation (EGR) system to

reduce engine exhaust gas emissions

in accordance with EPA regulations.

See Figure5 for a right front view of

the MBE900 EGR engine, 6-cylinder

model, and Figure6for a left rearview.

The off-highway engine used

in construction and industrial

applications does not have an EGR

system. See Figure7for a front view

of the MBE900 non-EGR engine,

6-cylinder model, and Figure8for

a side view of the 6-cylinder model(right-hand side).

See Figure9for a front view of the

MBE900 non-EGR engine, 4-cylinder

model, and Figure9for a rear view of

the 4-cylinder model.

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IDENTIFICATION

1. Turbocharger 7. EGR Mixer

2. Starter Motor 8. Oil Fill Cap

3. Flywheel Housing 9. Oil Filter

4. Exhaust Manifold 10. Turbocharger Compressor Out

5. EGR Cooler 11. Belt Tensioner Assembly

6. Cylinder Head Cover 12. Oil Pan

Figure 5 Right Front View of the MBE900 EGR Engine


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1. Air Compressor 6. Oil Centrifuge

2. DDEC-ECU 7. EGR Mixer

3. Fuel Filter 8. Cylinder Head Cover

4. Thermostat Housing 9. Flywheel Housing

5. Oil Fill Cap 10. Oil Pan

Figure 6 Left Rear View of the MBE900 EGR Engine


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IDENTIFICATION

1. Fan 10. Cylinder Head Cover

2. Belt Tensioner 11. Fuel Filter

3. Alternator Pulley 12. Fuel Prefilter

4. Oil Filter 13. DDEC-ECU

5. Turbo Compressor Out 14. Air Compressor (optional)

6. Intake Manifold Inlet 15. Power-Steering Pump

7. Crankcase Breather 16. Oil Dipstick

8. Oil Fill Cap 17. Coolant Pump Pulley

9. Intake Manifold

Figure 7 Front View of 6Cylinder MBE900 Non-EGR Engine


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1. Cylinder Head Cover 7. Alternator

2. Intake Manifold 8. Turbocharger

3. Exhaust Manifold 9. Starter Motor

4. Intake Manifold Inlet 10. Flywheel Housing

5. Oil Fill Cap 11. Exhaust Brake (optional)

6. Turbo Compressor Out

Figure 8 Side View of a 6cylinder MBE900 Non-EGR Engine


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IDENTIFICATION

1. Cylinder Head Cover 9. Belt Tensioner

2. DDEC-ECU Control Unit 10. Alternator Pulley

3. Fuel Prefilter 11. Intake Manifold Inlet

4. Air Compressor (optional) 12. Turbo Compressor Out

5. Power-Steering Pump 13. Crankcase Breather

6. Oil Dipstick 14. Oil Fill Cap

7. Fuel Filter 15. Intake Manifold

8. Fan

Figure 9 Front View of 4Cylinder MBE900 Non-EGR Engine


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1. Oil Fill Cap 7. Starter Motor

2. Turbo Compressor Outlet 8. Exhaust Brake (optional)

3. Intake Manifold Inlet 9. Flywheel Housing

4. Oil Filter 10. Exhaust Manifold

5. Alternator 11. Intake Manifold

6. Turbocharger

Figure 10 Rear View of 4Cylinder MBE900 Non-EGR Engine


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IDENTIFICATION

Engine Identification

NumberThe engine identification numbers are

lasered in large font onto an enlarged

labeling surface on the rear right

crankcase. See Figure11.

Figure 11 Location of Engine

Identification Number

See Figure12 for an example of the

numbers as they appear on the engine.

Figure 12 Engine Identification

Number

The last six numbers are the serial

numbers (310187 in Figure12).

See Figure13 for an explanation of

the first six numbers found in the

engine identification number.

Figure 13 Engine Identification


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NOTE:

In addition to the fourteen digit number

etched on the crankcase, there is a

ten digit number used for warranty

and service that is found on the

DDEC-ECU label. The ten digit

number is derived from the fourteen

digit number (see Figure14).

Description of the Engine

All MBE900 engines are

water-cooled, four-stroke,

direct-injection diesel engines.

The cylinders are arranged inline on

both the 6-cylinder and 4-cylinder

models. Each has a separate fuel

injection pump (unit pump) with a

short injection line to the injectionnozzle, which is located in the center

of the combustion chamber. The unit

pumps are attached to the crankcase

and are driven from the camshaft.

Each cylinder has two intake valves

and one exhaust valve.

Charge-air cooling and an exhaust gas

turbocharger are standard equipmenton all MBE900 engines (charge

pressure limitation is optional).

The engine has a fully electronic

control system, which regulates the

fuel injection quantity and timing

using solenoid valves, allowing

extremely low-emission operation.

The control system consists of an

engine-resident pump and nozzle

control unit (the DDEC-ECU) and a

vehicle control unit (the DDEC-VCU).

The two are connected by a proprietary

datalink.

Engine braking is controlled by a

pneumatic and hydraulic (6-cylinder)operated exhaust brake on the

turbocharger and by a constant-throttle

system (optional).

Figure 14 Engine Serial Number


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IDENTIFICATION

The cylinder block has integrated

oil and water channels. The uppersection of the cylinder bore is

induction-hardened. The single-piece

cylinder head is made of cast

iron. The cylinder head gasket is a

medal-elastomere, adjustment-free

seal with Viton sealing elements.

The pistons are made of aluminum

alloy with a shallow combustionchamber recess. The pistons are

cooled by oil spray nozzles.

The crankshaft is precision-forged

with seven main bearings (five on

the 4-cylinder engine), six of which

have custom-forged counterweights

(four on the 4-cylinder engine), and a

vibration damper at the front end.

The camshaft is made of

case-hardened steel and has seven

main bearings (five on the 4-cylinder

engine). Each cylinder has cams for

intake and exhaust valves and a unit

pump.

The valves are controlled bymushroom tappets, pushrods, and

rocker arms. The intake valves are

opened and closed by a valve-guided

bridge.

There is a force-feed lubricating oil

circuit supplied by a rotary oil pump.

This pump is positioned at the front

of the crankcase and driven by gears

from the crankshaft.

The oil cooler is located near the front

of the crankcase on the right-hand sidenear the water pump.

The gear-type fuel pump is bolted to

the front of the crankcase. The pump

is driven from the forward end of the

camshaft.

The air compressor, with a

power-steering pump attached,is driven by a gear on the camshaft

(optional).

The vehicle is cooled by a closed

system using recirculated coolant;

temperature is regulated automatically

by a thermostat.

The alternator and coolant pump (and

any other accessories) are driven by a

belt with automatic belt tensioner.

Electrical equipment includes a starter

and an alternator.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation

The purpose of the Exhaust Gas

Recirculation (EGR) System is to

reduce engine exhaust gas emissions

in accordance with EPA regulations.

The EGR system consists of an EGR

cooler, EGR valve, reed valves (on the

MBE904/924/926 only), and an EGR

mixer.

The MBE900 engines for on-highwayEPA 2004 regulation applications use

a cooled EGR system.


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Exhaust gases from the front three

cylinders on six cylinder engines(all four cylinders on four cylinder

engines) are routed from the exhaust

manifold through the EGR cooler,

past control and reed valves, and

mixed with the intake manifold charge

air. The addition of cooled exhaust

gases back into the combustion

airflow reduces the peak in cylinder

combustion temperature. Less oxides

of nitrogen (NOx) are produced at

lower combustion temperatures.

ExhaustBrake/Constant-ThrottleValves, Optional

To increase braking performance,the engine can be equipped with an

exhaust brake on the turbocharger

in conjunction with constant-throttle

valves in the cylinder head. See Figure

15.

Figure 15 Constant Throttle

Activation

The two systems operate

independently of each other andin combination.

Exhaust back pressure is used by the

exhaust brake to increase braking

performance. The constant-throttle

valves use the air that escapes through

them on the compression stroke to

provide braking force.

The constant-throttles valves are

small valves which are built into the

cylinder head and positioned opposite

the exhaust valve. When open, a link

is created between the combustion

chamber and the exhaust port.

When the engine brake is switched

on, the constant-throttle valves are putunder pressure, which in turn opens

the valves.

On the 6-cylinder model, the

constant-throttle valves are activated

by engine oil pressure. On 4-cylinder

engines, the constant-throttle valves

are activated by compressor air

pressure.

The engine brake is activated by the

DDEC-VCU and can be activated

only at engine speeds up to 2700 rpm.


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IDENTIFICATION

Below 900 rpm, the engine brake

is always turned off to prevent theengine from stalling. Also, the engine

brake is automatically turned off when

the accelerator pedal is pressed.

NOTE:

When in emergency running mode

(constant rpm), the engine brake can

be activated only when the engine is

in overrun. When constant rpm has

been attained, the engine brake is

automatically turned off.

Electronic Engine ControlSystem

The engine is equipped with a fully

electronic control system. Besides theengine and its related sensors, this

system is composed of the following:

The DDEC-ECU (engine control

unit)

The DDEC-VCU (vehicle control

unit) located under the right-hand

dash panel

The two control units are connected by

a proprietary datalink through which

all necessary data and information can

be exchanged. See Figure16.

The DDEC-VCU then broadcasts all

information on the J1587 and J1939

datalinks, where it can be read by

the Nexiq Diagnostic Data Reader

(DDR), Detroit Diesel Diagnostic

Link (DDDL) PC-based software or

minidiag2.

The engine control system monitors

both the engine and the datalink.

When a malfunction or other problem

is detected, the system selects an

appropriate response; for example,

the emergency running mode may be

activated.


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Figure 16 Electronic Engine Control System

DDEC-ECU

The DDEC-ECU (see Figure17) islocated on the left-hand side of the

engine.

The DDEC-ECU processes the data

received from the DDEC-VCU, for

example the position of the accelerator

pedal, engine brake, etc.

Figure 17 DDEC-ECU


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IDENTIFICATION

These data are evaluated together

with the data from the sensors onthe engine, such as coolant and

fuel temperature and oil and charge

pressure.

The data is then compared to the

characteristic maps or lines stored in

the DDEC-ECU. From these data,

quantity and timing of injection are

calculated and the unit pumps areactuated accordingly through the

solenoid valves.

NOTE:

To obtain a replacement DDEC-ECU,

all the data given on the DDEC-ECU

label are required.

The DDEC-ECU data label has the 10

digit engine serial number (see Figure

14), the engine horse power and

torque.

DDEC-VCU

The DDEC-VCU communicates

with any other electronic control unit

installed on the vehicle over the J1587

data link. See Figure18.

Data for specific applications is stored

in the DDEC-VCU. These include idle

speed, maximum running speed, and

speed limitation.

Figure 18 DDEC-VCU

The DDEC-VCU receives data from

the following sources:

The operator (accelerator pedal

position, engine brake switch)

Other electronic control units

(for example, the anti-lock brake

system)

The DDECECU (oil pressure

and coolant temperature)

From these data, instructions are

computed for controlling the engine

and transmitted to the DDEC-ECU viathe proprietary datalink.

The DDEC-VCU controls

various systems, for example,

communications with the datalink, the

engine brake, and the constant-throttle

valves.


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Sensor Locations

See Figure19and Figure20forsensor locations on the MBE900 EGR

engine. See Figure21for sensor

locations on the MBE900 non-EGR

engine.

CHEMICAL BURNS

To avoid injury from chemical

burns, wear a face shield and

neoprene or PVC gloves when

handling sensor hoses.

1. Intake Manifold Pressure/Temper-

ature Sensor

3. Engine Oil Pressure Sensor

2. Engine Oil Temperature Sensor

Figure 19 Sensor Location on the Right Side of the MBE900 EGR Engine

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IDENTIFICATION

1. EGR Temperature Sensor 4. Barometric Pressure Sensor

(integrated into DDEC-ECU)

2. Engine Coolant Temperature

Sensor

5. Camshaft Position Sensor (on

camshaft)

3. Supply Fuel Temperature Sensor 6. Crankshaft Position Sensor (on

timing case)

Figure 20 Sensor Location on the Left Side of the MBE900 EGR Engine

NOTE:

The 6-cylinder engine is shown;

sensor locations are similar on the

4-cylinder engine.

NOTE:

The Barometric Pressure Sensor is

integrated into the DDEC-ECU.


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1. Engine Oil Pressure/Temperature

Sensor

5. Barometric Pressure Sensor

(integrated into DDEC-ECU)

2. Engine Coolant Temperature

Sensor

6. Camshaft Position Sensor (on

camshaft)

3. Intake Manifold Pressure/Temper-

ature Sensor

7. Crankshaft Position Sensor (on

timing case)

4. Supply Fuel Temperature Sensor

Figure 21 Sensor Location on the MBE900 Non-EGR Engine

NOTE:

The 6-cylinder engine is shown;

sensor locations are similar on the

4-cylinder engine.

NOTE:

The Engine Oil Level Sensor, if used,

is located at the bottom of the oil pan.


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OPERATION

OPERATION

Important: Before starting the engine,

do all the recommended pretrip

inspections and daily maintenance.

Check the engine oil and fuel levels,

and drain contaminants from the

fuel/water separator (optional).

Before Starting the Engine

NOTE:

If you drain the fuel/water separator

completely, you may have to prime the

fuel system.

Be sure you are familiar with all of

the instruments, gauges and controlswhich are needed to operate the

engine.

Note especially the location and

function of the following:

Oil Pressure Gauge

Coolant Temperature Gauge

Low Oil Pressure/High Coolant

Temperature Warning Light

Water In Fuel Warning Light

Tachometer

Air Restriction Indicator

When starting the engine, and while

driving, watch for any signs of engineproblems. If the engine overheats,

uses excessive fuel or lubricating

oil, vibrates, misfires, makes unusual

noises, or shows an unusual loss of

power, turn the engine off as soon

as possible and determine the cause.

Frequently, engine damage may be

avoided by a quick response to early

indications of problems.

If you are starting the engine in cold

weather, refer to "Cold WeatherProducts" in the Service Products

section of this manual.

Checking the Batteries

Use only batteries that have been

correctly filled and serviced. To

provide corrosion protection, applydielectric grease, part number

48-02349-000, liberally to the

terminal pads. Approved suppliers are

listed in Table1.

Manufacturer Lubricant or

Part Number

Shell Oil, Co. No. 71032; No.71306

Texaco, Inc. No. 955

Quaker State No. NYK-77

Table 1 Approved Electrical

Lubricants

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NOTICE:

Never attempt to start the

Mercedes-Benz MBE900 engine

using ether or any other starting

fluid. Serious engine damage could

result.

1. Turn on the ignition switch.

2. With the accelerator pedal in the

idle position, start the engine.

PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury when working

near or on an operating engine,

remove loose items of clothing

and jewelry. Tie back or contain

long hair that could be caught in

any moving part causing injury.

3. Check the engine for leaks.

[a] Check all hoses, hose clamps,

and pipe unions on the engine

for tightness. Shut down the

engine and tighten them if

necessary.

[b] Check the oil feed and return

lines at the turbocharger for

tightness. Shut down theengine and tighten them if

necessary.

4. Shut down the engine.

5. Approximately five minutes after

shutdown, check the engine oillevel. If necessary, add oil up to

the maximum fill level on the oil

dipstick (see Figure24). Do not

overfill.

Figure 24 Oil Dipstick

6. Check all the mounting fasteners

and belts on the engine for

tightness.

Checking the Coolant Level (Hot

Check)Check coolant level as follows:

1. Allow the engine to run for

approximately five minutes at a

moderate speed.


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OPERATION

HOT COOLANT


expulsion of hot coolant, never

remove the cooling system







2. Then, with the coolant

temperature above 50C (122F),

recheck the coolant level.

3. Add more coolant if necessary.

Open the heater valves before

adding coolant.

4. Do not close the heater valves

until the engine has been run

briefly and the coolant level

again checked and corrected as

necessary.

Starting an Engine That Has

Not Been Run for an Extended

Period

Before starting an engine which has

not been run for an extended period,

certain special work must be carried

out. Refer to Storage, under

Cleaning and Storage.

Important: At outside temperatures

below 20C ( 4F), a coolantpreheater is recommended.

1. Chock the tires, place the

transmission in neutral, and set

the parking brake.

2. Turn on the ignition switch and

start the engine

3. If the engine doesn't start after20 seconds, stop. Try again after

waiting about one minute.

NOTICE:

Do not rev the engine if the oil

pressure gauge indicates no

oil pressure. To avoid enginedamage, shut down the engine

if no oil pressure appears within

approximately ten seconds. Check

to determine the cause of the

problem.

4. Monitor the oil pressure gauge

immediately after starting the

engine.

NOTE:

Do not place the engine under full load

until it reaches operating temperature.


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Monitoring Engine

OperationWhile the engine is operating, monitor

the battery charge indicator light,

the oil pressure and avoid excessive

idling.

Battery Charge

The battery charge indicator light(see Figure25) must go out once the

engine starts.

Figure 25 Battery Charge Indicator

Light

If the indicator light comes on

while the engine is running, do the

following:

FIRE


potential ignition sources away

from diesel fuel, including open




1. Shut down the engine.

2. Check the poly-V belt for

tightness.

3. Do a load test on the batteries.

Charge or replace the batteries as

needed.

4. If necessary, visit the nearest

authorized dealer to have the

alternator voltage and output

checked.

Oil Pressure

When the engine has reached itsnormal operating temperature, the

engine oil pressure must not drop

below the following values:

36 psi (250 kPa) at rated speed

7 psi (50 kPa) at idling speed

If oil pressure drops below these

values, stop the engine and determinethe cause.


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OPERATION

Excessive Idling

Never allow the engine to idle for

more than 30 minutes. Excessive

idling can cause oil to leak from the

turbocharger.

Changing the Idle Speed

The rpm range of the MBE900

engine is 600 rpm to 850 rpm if theparameters in the DDEC-VCU are set

to the default range.

Change the idling speed as follows:

1. Turn the cruise control switch to

the OFF position.

2. To increase the idle speed, push

the "Resume" switch until the idleis fast enough.

3. To decrease the idle speed, push

the "Decel" switch until the idle

is slow enough.

Shutting Down the Engine

If the engine has been running at full

output or the coolant temperature has

been high, allow the engine to idle

for one to two minutes without load.

Then turn off the ignition key switch.

If any the following occur, shut down

the engine immediately.

The oil pressure swings back andforth or falls sharply.

Engine power and rpm fall, even

though the accelerator pedalremains steady.

The exhaust pipe gives off heavy

smoke.

The coolant and/or oil temperature

climb abnormally.

Abnormal sounds suddenly occur

in the engine or turbocharger.

Shutting Down After Hard

Operation

NOTICE:

After hard operation, if the engine

has been running at full output or thecoolant temperature has been high,

allow the engine to idle for one to

two minutes without load. Shutting

down the engine without idling may

cause damage to the turbocharger.

Turn off the ignition switch and shutdown the engine.


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Emergency Running Mode

The engine is equipped with theelectronic engine control system,

which monitors the engine as it is

running.

As soon as a fault is detected, it is

evaluated and one of the following

measures is initiated.

NOTICE:

To prevent possible serious engine

damage, have any faults corrected

without delay by an authorized

dealer.

In conjunction with theinstrumentation control unit

(ICU), the code for the electronic

control unit reporting the fault

can be read immediately on the

display.

Complete fault codes are

transmitted and can be read using

ServiceLink at any authorized

dealer.

If the fault is serious enough to

impair normal operation, the

electronic engine system switches

over to emergency running mode.

When in emergency running

mode, the engine operates at a

constant 1300 rpm. This allows

you to move the vehicle to a

service location.

Stop Engine Override

OptionThe Stop Engine Override Option is

used for a momentary override. The

DDEC-ECU will record the number

of times the override is activated after

a fault occurs.

Momentary Override A Stop

Engine Override (SEO) switch

is used to override the shutdown

sequence (see Figure26). This

override resets the 60 second (30

seconds for oil pressure) shutdown

timer, restoring power to the level

when the Red Stop Lamp (RSL) was

illuminated. The switch must be

recycled afterfive seconds to obtain a

subsequent override.

Figure 26 Typical SEO Switch and

Warning Lamps

NOTE:

The operator has the responsibility to

take action to avoid engine damage.


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OPERATION

Cold Weather Operation

Special precautions must be taken

during cold weather. To protect

your engine, special cold weather

handling is required for fuel, engine

oil, coolant, and batteries. For detailed

information, refer to the service

manual.

Winter Fronts

A winter front may be used to improve

cab heating while idling. At least 25%

of the grill opening should remain

open in sectioned stripes that run

perpendicular to the charge air cooler

tube flow direction. This assures even

cooling across each tube and reducesheader to tube stress and possible

failure. Winter fronts should only be

used when the ambient temperature

remains below 12.2 C (10 F).


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CLEANING AND STORAGE

When an engine is to be stored for a

period of time, special precautions

should be taken to protect the interior

and exterior of the engine.

Cleaning the Engine

Important: Observe all environmental

protection regulations.

High-Pressure Cleaning

Equipment

Note the equipment manufacturer's

operating instructions.

NOTICE:

To prevent damage to engine

components during the cleaning

process, keep the water moving

at all times. Never direct water

onto electrical components, plug

connectors, seals orflexible hoses.

Comply with the minimum working

distance between the high-pressure

nozzle and the surface being cleaned:

Approximately 700 mm (28 in.)

for circular pattern jets

Approximately 300 mm (12 in.)

for 25-degree flat jets and dirtcutters

After cleaning, and especially

when using a high-pressure jet or

grease-removing agent, lubricate

the engine. Information on suitable

cleaning and protective products is

available from any authorized dealer.

Cleaning the CoolingSystem

Important: Collect the used coolant,

cleaning solutions, and washing

liquids. Dispose of them in accordance

with applicable laws regarding the

protection of the environment.

NOTICE:

Clean at moderate pressures only;

otherwise the fins of the radiator

grille could be damaged.


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CLEANING AND STORAGE

Clean as follows:

EYE INJURY

To avoid injury from flying debris

when using compressed air, wear

adequate eye protection (face

shield or safety goggles) and do

not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air

pressure.

1. Remove debris (dust, insects,

etc.) from the fins of the radiator

grille by blowing them through

with compressed air or spraying

them out with water. Work from

the rear of the radiator (in the

opposite direction of the normal

cooling airflow).

2. Drain the coolant when

the engine is cold. For

detailed procedures, see the

vehicle/chassis maintenance

manual. For types of coolant,refer to Coolant in the Service

Products section.

3. If the HVAC unit is connected

to the cooling system, open the

regulating valves all the way.

Degreasing

Degrease as follows:

1. Fill the cooling system with a 5%

solution (1.6 ounces per quart of

water50 grams per liter) of a

mildly alkaline cleaning agent,such as sodium carbonate.

2. Run the engine at moderate speed

until the thermostat starts to open,

at an operating temperature of

approximately 80C (176F).

Then run it for about five minutes

longer. Shut down the engine and

allow it to cool to approximately50C (112F).

HOT COOLANT


expulsion of hot coolant, neverremove the cooling system







3. Drain all the cleaning solution.

4. Flush the cleaning solution from

the cooling system.

[a] Immediately after draining

the cleaning solution, flush

the system with clean water.

[b] Once the clean water has

drained, fill the system again

with clean water.


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[c] Run the engine. Allow

the engine to warm up toapproximately 80C (176F),

and then run it about five

minutes longer.

[d] Drain the hot water.

5. Fill the cooling system with new

coolant. For detailed procedures,

see the vehicle/chassis

maintenance manual. For types

of coolant, refer to Coolant in

the Service Products section.

Storage

Required protective measures for

the MBE900 engine depend on the

following:

The length of time that the engine

will be out of service

The climate and conditions where

the engine is stored

After cleaning, engines should,

whenever possible, be placed in a dry,

well-ventilated area.

In all cases, protect the engine

against direct exposure to moisture

(rain/splash water).

If the engine is to be out of service

for 12 months or less, anticorrosion

measures are not necessary, provided

that the place of storage are dry andwell-ventilated as described above.

If the engine is to be out of service

for over 12 months, or underextraordinary storage or transportation

conditions, then special protective

measures are necessary. Information

is available from any authorized

dealer. It is strongly recommended

that you request this information.

Important: If the engine is to be out

of service for over 18 months, the oilmust be changed before the engine

can be brought back into service.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

TROUBLESHOOTING

In addition to operating the engine

carefully and maintaining it properly,

make sure to correct any malfunction

promptly.

Emergency Starting

For emergency starting procedures

(jump starting), see the

driver's/operator's manual under

the heading "Emergency Starting With

Jumper Cables."

Troubleshooting theElectronic Engine Control

SystemWhen the electronic engine control

system detects a fault, it broadcasts

a message on the datalink. The dash

display will show the code "ECU

128," indicating there is an engine

fault.

Important: To read the complete

fault code, bring the vehicle to an

authorized dealer. Complete fault

codes can be read using ServiceLink.

For fault codes and their meanings,

see the service/workshop manual.

General Troubleshooting

The tables that follow are designed

to identify the causes of common

problems, suggest further checks and

appropriate remedies. When dealer

service is necessary, it is mentioned

in the table.

NOTE:

Remember to follow all cautions when

troubleshooting the engine.


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Problem - The Engine Will Not Crank

Cause Remedy

The batteries are damaged or weak. Test the batteries. Replace them, if

needed.

The ignition switch is damaged. Replace the ignition switch.

The battery cables are damaged

and/or corroded. Replace the battery cables.

The starter is damaged and/or worn.

Have an authorized dealer replace the

starter.

The clutch or transmission is

damaged.

Bring the vehicle to an authorized

dealer for service.

There is internal damage to the

engine.


dealer for service.

ProblemThe Engine Turns Over Slowly

Cause Remedy


needed.

The ignition switch is damaged. Replace the ignition switch.

The battery cables are damaged

and/or corroded Replace the battery cables.

The starter is damaged and/or worn. Have an authorized dealer replace thestarter.

The engine oil does not meet the

correct specifications.

Change the engine oil, using the

correct type of oil.

The transmissionfluid does not meet

the correct specifications.

Change the transmission fluid, using

the correct type offluid.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Engine Cranks, But Won't Start

Cause Remedy


needed.

The cranking speed is not set correctly. Bring the vehicle to an authorized

dealer for service.

No intake air preheater is installed,

and it is too cold to start without one. Install an intake air preheater.

The intake air preheater is

malfunctioning.

Check the intake air preheater, and

replace it, if necessary.

The camshaft TDC sensor and/or the

crank angle position sensor are out of

adjustment.

Push both sensors into their holes as

far as they will go. If this does not

solve the problem, bring the vehicle to

an authorized dealer for service.

The camshaft TDC sensor and/or

the crank angle position sensor are

damaged.


dealer for service.

There is air in the fuel system.

Check the fuel lines for leaks. Bleed

the fuel system and start the engine

according to the instructions in the

service manual.

The airfilter is clogged. Clean or replace the air filter.

The fuel filter is clogged. Replace the filter element.

The exhaust brake valve is

malfunctioning.

Have an authorized dealer check the

operation of the valve.

The valves are not adjusted properly. Check the valve lash.

There are other problems in the fuel

system.


dealer for service.

Coolant level is too low. Check for leaks, add coolant to correct

level.


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ProblemThe Engine Starts Only After Cranking for a Long Time

Cause Remedy

The fuel tank is low or empty. Add fuel and bleed the fuel system, if

necessary.

There are leaks in the fuel lines. Check the fuel lines for leaks and

repair them, if necessary.


The fuel line, the fuel prefilter, or thescreen in the fuel tank is blocked.

Clean and bleed the system. Have

the fuel lines and filters checked by anauthorized dealer.



adjustment.







damaged.


dealer for service.


system.


dealer for service.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Engine Starts, But Dies

Cause Remedy

The fuel tank is low or empty. Add fuel and bleed the fuel system, if

necessary.


The fuel line, the fuel prefilter, or the

screen in the fuel tank is blocked.

Clean and bleed the system. Have

the fuel lines and filters checked by an

authorized dealer.



adjustment.







damaged.


dealer for service.

The constant-throttle valves are

malfunctioning.


dealer for service.


system.


dealer for service.

ProblemThe Engine Fan Doesn't Work

Cause Remedy

The fan hub is damaged. Replace the fan hub.

The fan wiring is damaged. Repair the fan wiring.

The parameter settings in the

DDEC-ECU or DDEC-VCU are

incorrect.

Have an authorized dealer reprogram

the control unit.


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ProblemThe Engine Fan Is Constantly On

Cause Remedy

The fan override switch is on. Check the operation of the fan override

switch.

The fan hub is damaged. Replace the fan hub

The parameter settings in the

DDEC-ECU or DDEC-VCU are

incorrect.

Have an authorized dealer reprogram

the control unit.

ProblemFuel Consumption Is Too High

Cause Remedy

The tires are not properly inflated. Check all tires for correct pressure.

The airfilter and/or intake air system

is clogged.

Check the air restriction indicator.

Clean the intake air system and

replace the airfi

lter if necessary.The fuel filter is clogged. Replace the filter element.


malfunctioning.



The engine performs poorly, or does

not develop full power.

The remedies are listed in-47"The

Engine Performs Poorly, Does Not

Develop Full Power in this section.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Engine Performs Poorly, Does Not

Develop Full Power

Cause Remedy


is clogged.



replace the airfilter if necessary.


malfunctioning.




There are other problems with the fuel

system.


dealer for service.

The valves are not adjusted properly Check the valve lash.

The coolant temperature sensor is

damaged or reading incorrectly.


dealer for service.

The fuel temperature sensor is



dealer for service.

The engine oil temperature sensor is



dealer for service.

The charge-air temperature sensor is



dealer for service.

There are problems with the

DDEC-ECU or DDEC-VCU.


dealer for service.

There is internal damage to theengine.

Bring the vehicle to an authorizeddealer for service.


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ProblemThe Engine Is in Emergency Running Mode

(constant speed 1,300 rpm)Cause Remedy

The DDEC-ECU or DDEC-VCU

or sensor(s), solenoids and other

electronic parts are damaged.


dealer for service.

ProblemThe Coolant Temperature Is Above Normal

Cause Remedy

The coolant level is too low. Check for coolant leaks, and repair as

needed.

The poly-V belt is loose. Tighten or replace the poly-V belt.

The coolant temperature gauge and/or

sensor is not reading correctly.


dealer for service.

The radiator is damaged or dirty. Clean the radiator. Repair or replacethe radiator if necessary.

The coolant pump is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

coolant pump.

The thermostat is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

coolant pump.

The fan is not operating properly.


dealer and have the fan hub checked.

Bring the vehicle to an authorizeddealer and have the parameter

settings reprogrammed in the



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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Coolant Temperature Is Below Normal

Cause Remedy

The coolant temperature gauge and/or

sensor is not reading correctly.


dealer for service.

The thermostat is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

thermostat.

The fan is not operating properly.


dealer and have the fan hub checked.

Bring the vehicle to an authorizeddealer and have the parameter

settings reprogrammed in the


ProblemThe Cooling System Is Losing Coolant

Cause Remedy

There is an external coolant leak. Repair the leaking component.

The radiator cap is leaking. Replace the radiator cap.

The air compressor head is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

air compressor.

The cylinder head gasket is leaking. Have an authorized dealer replace the

head gasket.

Top tank is leaking.


dealer.

EGR system has an internal leak. Bring the vehicle to an authorized

dealer.


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ProblemThere Is Coolant in the Engine Oil

Cause Remedy

The cylinder head gasket is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

head gasket.

The oil/water heat exchanger is

leaking.


heat exchanger.

There is an internal coolant leak. Bring the vehicle to an authorized

dealer for service.

ProblemThere Is Foam in the Engine Oil

Cause Remedy

The oil level is too low or too high. Correct the oil level.

The oil has not been changed within

the recommended interval. Change the oil.

The oil is not of the recommendedquality.

Change the oil.

ProblemThe Engine Oil Pressure Is Low

Cause Remedy

The oil pressure gauge and/or sensor

is not reading correctly.


dealer for service.

There is fuel in the oil. Bring the vehicle to an authorized

dealer for service.

The oil filter is clogged. Replace the filter element.

The oil filter bypass valve is damaged. Replace the bypass valve.

The oil pump and/or relief valve is

damaged.


oil pump.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Engine Exhaust Is White

Cause Remedy

The fuel is of poor quality. Add fuel of the right quality.


malfunctioning.

Check the intake air preheater, and

replace it, if necessary.


ProblemThe Engine Exhaust Is Black

Cause Remedy


is clogged.



replace the airfilter if necessary.


malfunctioning.




malfunctioning.

Check that the heater is not staying on

all of the time.


There is damage to the fuel system:

the fuel pump, one or more fuel

injectors, or one or more unit pumps

are damaged.


dealer for service.

The charge-air temperature sensor isdamaged.

Bring the vehicle to an authorizeddealer for service.

There is internal damage to the

engine.


dealer for service.


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ProblemThe Engine Exhaust Is Blue

Cause Remedy

The engine oil level is too high

(engine oil is reaching the combustion

chamber).

Adjust the oil level, and then have the

oil level checked by an authorized

dealer.

The turbocharger is leaking oil. Have an authorized dealer replace the

turbocharger

The valve stem seals are loose or

damaged.


seals.

The piston rings are worn. Have an authorized dealer replace the

piston rings.

ProblemEngine Brake Performance Is Poor

Cause Remedy

The engine brake control switch is

damaged. Replace the switch

The exhaust brake is not operating

properly.



The constant-throttle valves are

malfunctioning.


dealer for service.

Components of the DDEC-ECU and/or

DDEC-VCU are damaged.


dealer for service.

ProblemCruise Control Is Not Working

Cause Remedy

One or more of the cruise control

switches are damaged. Replace the damaged switch.

Components of the DDEC-ECU and/or

DDEC-VCU are damaged or notworking properly.


dealer for service.


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TROUBLESHOOTING

ProblemThe Battery Charge Indicator Light Does Not

Come On When the Engine Is Not Running

Cause Remedy

The bulb is damaged. Change the bulb.

The circuit is broken. Repair the break in the circuit.

ProblemThe Battery Charge Indicator Light Comes

On When the Engine is Running

Cause Remedy

The poly-V belt is too loose.

Check the belt tension; if necessary,

have an authorized dealer replace the

belt tensioner.

The belt tensioner is damaged. Have an authorized dealer replace the

belt tensioner.

The poly-V belt is worn or damaged. Replace the belt.

The alternator is damaged (has a

damaged rectifier or voltage regulator).


alternator.


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SERVICE PRODUCTS

Use only the DDC recommended

lubricants discussed in this section.

Additional information is available

from any authorized dealer.

Do not use special lubricant additives.

None are needed, and the use of

additives could affect warranty

coverage.

Important: Dispose of service

products in an environmentally

responsible manner. This includes any

parts which have been in contact with

them (for example, filters). Reclaim

them or recycle them, if possible,

and be sure to comply with all legal

disposal requirements.

Diesel Fuels

Use only commercially available

vehicle diesel fuel. Grades such as

marine diesel fuel, heating oil, and

others are not permissible.

Do not use fuel additives. Using fueladditives could affect your warranty.

Only low sulfur diesel fuel should

be used for EGR engines (sulfur

content = 0.05 percent by weight).

For non-EGR engines if you are

using diesel fuel with a high sulphur

content, exceeding 0.5 percent by

weight, change the engine oil at

shorter intervals. Comply with the

instructions in the service manual.

Fuel added from drums or cans could

be contaminated. This could lead

to malfunctions in the fuel system.

Always filter the fuel before adding it

to the tank. Ensure there is no water

in the fuel.

For information about fuel in cold

weather operation, refer to the sectionWinter-Grade Diesel Fuel" later in

this chapter.

Flow Improvers

The effectiveness offlow improvers is

not guaranteed with all fuels. Comply

with the product manufacturer's

recommendations. Any authorized

dealer can provide information on

approved flow improvers.

Kerosene

Keep the quantity added as low as

possible, bearing in mind the outside

temperature.

The addition offive percent by

volume of kerosene will improve

the fuel's resistance to cold by about

1C (1.8F). Never add more than 50

percent kerosene to the fuel.


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SERVICE PRODUCTS

NOTICE:

For safety reasons, add the

kerosene to the diesel only in the

fuel tank. Add the kerosene first,

then the diesel. Run the engine for

a short time to allow the mixture to

reach all parts of the fuel system.

Engine OilsThe engine is delivered from the

factory filled with an approved engine

oil.

NOTICE:

The use of non-approved engine

oils could affect warranty rights, and

cause engine damage.

To ensure long and trouble-free

service, it is important to select oil

of the correct viscosity and service

designation.

EGR Engines

Only multigrade oils of American

Petroleum Institute (API) service

designation PGOS 93K214 or CI-4

Plus quality engine oils will achieve

proper performance for the cooled

EGR engines. Detroit Diesel POWER

GUARD oils meet this specificationand are recommended. Look for

the service mark printed on the oil

container. See Figure27.

Figure 27 API Lubricant Service

Mark

When maintenance work is performed,

record engine oil changes including

details of the brand used, the

quality category, and the Societyof Automotive Engineers (SAE)

viscosity rating of the oil. When

topping off, use only engine oils

of the correct

Ddc Svc Man 0055

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