DCEP_1.0_Lecture1

Data Editing,

Collection, and

Production

(Prototype)

Collin ChildsGary Kabot

Peter KasianchukKeith Mann

Brenda SimmonsMark Stewart

Copyright 2004 ESRI

All rights reserved.

Course version 1.0. Revised November 2004.

Printed in the United States of America.

The information contained in this document is the exclusive property of ESRI. This work is protected under United States copyright law and the copyright laws of the given countries of origin and applicable international laws, treaties, and/or conventions. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by ESRI. All requests should be sent to Attention: Contracts Manager, ESRI, 380 New York Street, Redlands, CA 92373-8100, USA.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

ESRI, ARC/INFO, ArcCAD, ArcGIS, ArcIMS, ArcPad, ArcSDE, ArcView, BusinessMAP, MapObjects, PC ARC/INFO, SDE, and the ESRI globe logo are trademarks of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., registered in the United States and certain other countries; registration is pending in the European Community. 3D Analyst, ADF, ArcCOGO, the ArcCOGO logo, ArcGrid, the ArcGrid logo, the ARC/INFO logo, AML, ArcNetwork, the ArcNetwork logo, ArcNews, ArcTIN, the ArcTIN logo, ArcInfo, the ArcInfo logo, ArcInfo Librarian, ArcInfoProfessional GIS, ArcInfoThe World's GIS, ArcAtlas, the ArcAtlas logo, the ArcCAD logo, the ArcCAD WorkBench logo, ArcCatalog, the ArcData logo, the ArcData Online logo, ArcDoc, ArcEdit, the ArcEdit logo, ArcEurope, the ArcEurope logo, ArcEditor, ArcExplorer, the ArcExplorer logo, ArcExpress, the ArcExpress logo, ArcFM, the ArcFM logo, ArcFM Viewer, the ArcFM Viewer logo, ArcGlobe, the ArcIMS logo, ArcLocation, ArcLogistics, the ArcLogistics Route logo, ArcMap, ArcObjects, the ArcPad logo, Arcplot, the Arcplot logo, ArcPress, the ArcPress logo, the ArcPress for ArcView logo, ArcReader, ArcScan, the ArcScan logo, ArcScene, the ArcScene logo, ArcSchool, the ArcSDE logo, the ArcSDE CAD Client logo, ArcSdl, ArcStorm, the ArcStorm logo, ArcSurvey, ArcToolbox, ArcTools, the ArcTools logo, ArcUSA, the ArcUSA logo, ArcUser, the ArcView GIS logo, the ArcView 3D Analyst logo, the ArcView Business Analyst logo, the ArcView Data Publisher logo, the ArcView Image Analysis logo, the ArcView Internet Map Server logo, the ArcView Network Analyst logo, the ArcView Spatial Analyst logo, the ArcView StreetMap logo, the ArcView StreetMap 2000 logo, the ArcView Tracking Analyst logo, ArcVoyager, ArcWorld, the ArcWorld logo, Atlas GIS, the Atlas GIS logo, AtlasWare, Avenue, the Avenue logo, the BusinessMAP logo, DAK, the DAK logo, Database Integrator, DBI Kit, the Digital Chart of the World logo, the ESRI Data logo, the ESRI Press logo, ESRITeam GIS, ESRIThe GIS People, FormEdit, Geographic Design System, Geography Matters, GIS by ESRI, GIS Day, the GIS Day logo, GIS for Everyone, GISData Server, InsiteMAP, MapBeans, MapCaf, the MapCaf logo, the MapObjects logo, the MapObjects Internet Map Server logo, ModelBuilder, MOLE, the MOLE logo, NetEngine, the NetEngine logo, the PC ARC/INFO logo, PC ARCEDIT, PC ARCPLOT, PC ARCSHELL, PC DATA CONVERSION, PC NETWORK, PC OVERLAY, PC STARTER KIT, PC TABLES, the Production Line Tool Set logo, RouteMAP, the RouteMAP logo, the RouteMAP IMS logo, Spatial Database Engine, the SDE logo, SML, StreetEditor, StreetMap, TABLES, The World's Leading Desktop GIS, Water Writes, and Your Personal Geographic Information System are trademarks; and ArcData, ArcOpen, ArcQuest, ArcWatch, ArcWeb, Rent-a-Tech, Geography Network, the Geography Network logo, www.geographynetwork.com, www.gisday.com, @esri.com, and www.esri.com are service marks of ESRI.

The names of other companies and products herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners.

ArcView GIS uses HCL Technologies Ltd. Presenter software under license.

U. S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED/LIMITED RIGHTS Any software, documentation, and/or data delivered hereunder is subject to the terms of the License Agreement. In no event shall the U.S. Government acquire greater than RESTRICTED/LIMITED RIGHTS. At a minimum, use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR 52.227-14 Alternates I, II, and III (JUN 1987); FAR 52.227-19 (JUN 1987) and/or FAR 12.211/12.212 (Commercial Technical Data/Computer Software); and DFARS 252.227-7015 (NOV 1995) (Technical Data) and/or DFARS 227.7202 (Computer Software), as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is ESRI, 380 New York Street, Redlands, CA 92373-8100, USA.

Building Geodatabases I 1-1Introduction

Copyright 2002 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved. Data Collection, Editing and Production

Data Collection, Editing, and Production

(DCEP)


1-2Data Collection, Editing and ProductionCopyright 2002 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Welcome to Data Collection, Editing and Production

Instructor introduction

Student introductionsName

Organization

Role in organization

General GIS experience

ArcGIS softwareexperience

Geodatabase experience

Goals and expectations for this class

Welcome to Building Geodatabases I.

Prerequisites

This three-day course details the capabilities of the geodatabase and how to migrate existing data to build a geodatabase for ArcGIS 9. Attendees learn how to create, use, edit, and manage spatial and attribute data stored in the geodatabase. They learn how to interact with both a personal and enterprise geodatabase.

Discussion topics include: defining geodatabase schema; loading vector and raster data into the geodatabase; ArcSDE architecture; connecting to an enterprise geodatabase; maintaining data integrity through subtypes, attribute domains, and relationship classes; defining appropriate topology rules for spatial data; the XML schema interchange format; and geodatabase design concepts.



Logistics Daily schedule

Start _______________ Lunch _______________ Finish _______________

FacilitiesRefreshments and break areaRestrooms Telephones and messages Internet accessStudent ID badgesParking

PDaily schedule

Under normal conditions, the class will begin each day at 8:30 a.m. and continue until 5:00 p.m. There will be at least one break in the morning and one in the afternoon. You will generally be given one hour for lunch.

Facilities

Your instructor will provide information regarding the facilities.

Internet access

Some training facilities provide Internet access for your use during class. ESRI regards Internet access as an essential business resource for classroom demos, exercises, arranging travel, and maintaining contact with your office. Please limit your use of the Internet to business activities only and, as a courtesy to your classmates, refrain from typing or surfing during lecture presentations.



Course objectives Learn Data Workflow and Processes in ArcGIS

Learn to:Access data quality

Learn about:Capture methods

Conversion

Topology

Editing tools

Ask questions and participate in discussions

Course objectives

To learn more about the following topics:

ArcGIS data editor

Tools for editing and managing topologies

Tools for editing and managing networks in a geodatabase

Context menus and shortcut keys for increased productivity

Tools for rubber sheeting, adjusting, and edgematching feature data

Multiuser editing with version management and conflict detection

Remote editing of data checked out from your versioned geodatabase

Editing in projected space



Course timeline

Software overviewGDB overview TopologyData Assessment

Working with legacy data Creating new GDB features GPS, XY events & TextfilesWorking with CAD data

Creating features with COGO Attribues & Tables Working with Annotation Working with Raster dataEditing in a Enterprise GDB

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Lesson 13: Developer overview

Break

Lesson 11 and 12: 3D symbols and ArcGlobe

LUNCH

Lesson 10B: Geodatabase XML import and export

Break

Lesson 10A: Geodatabase raster

Day 3

Lesson 9: Labeling and annotation enhancements

Lesson 5: Introduction to scripting

BreakBreak

Lesson 8: ArcReader and Publisher enhancements

Lesson 4: Using Command Line

LUNCHLUNCH

Lesson 7: Advanced modeling

Lesson 3: Working with ModelBuilder

BreakBreak

Lesson 6: Batch processing and advanced scripting

Lesson 1: IntroductionLesson 2: Introduction to geoprocessing

Day 2Day 1



ArcGIS overview

ArcGIS Desktop

ArcGIS Server

ArcIMS ArcGIS Mobile ArcPad

ArcGIS Engine

Desktop GIS Embedded GIS Server GIS Mobile GIS

Create custom GIS desktop applications

Comprehensive server-based

GIS

Publish maps, data, metadata

on the Web

GIS for field mapping

applications

Geodatabase

Developer building blocks

Advanced spatial data server

DBMSFile-based XML

ArcObjects

ArcSDE

+ ArcGIS ExtensionsArcMap

ArcCatalog ArcReader

ArcEditorArcView

ArcInfo

ArcGIS is an integrated collection of GIS software.

ArcGIS Desktop: An integrated, scalable suite of software for compiling, authoring, analyzing, mapping, and publishing geographic information and knowledge. ArcGIS Desktop starts with ArcReader and extends to include ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo, each component exposing more GIS capabilities. Additional desktop extensions expand GIS capabilities further.

Embedded GIS: Use ArcGIS Engine to develop custom desktop GIS applications or embed GIS functionality in existing applications. These focused solutions can then be easily deployed throughout an organization.

Server GIS: Create and manage server-based GIS applications that share GIS functionality and data within organizations and to many other users on the Internet.

ArcGIS Server is a central application server that is used to build serverside GIS applications that run in enterprise and Web computing frameworks.

ArcIMS is a scalable Internet Map Server for publishing maps, data, and metadata over the Web using standard Internet protocols.

ArcSDE is an advanced spatial data server for accessing geographic information in relational database management systems.

Mobile GIS: ArcGIS technology can be deployed on a range of mobile systems from PDAs to laptops and Tablet PCs. ArcPad coupled with a wireless mobile device that is location enabled is widely used for data collection and GIS information access in the field.


ArcObjects: Libraries of software components form the foundation of ArcGIS. ArcGIS Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, and ArcGIS Server are all built on top of the ArcObjects libraries.

Geodatabase: An object-oriented data model introduced by ESRI, the geodatabase, which is hosted inside a relational database management system, represents geographic features, attributes and relationships as objects.

What is ArcGIS?

The What is ArcGIS book discusses the geographic information system (GIS) concepts and the components that comprise ArcGIS in a way that is beneficial to both new and practiced ArcGIS users. This book is included with the ArcGIS Media Kits, and can also be found in the ESRI Software Documentation Library.

You can learn more about ArcGIS family of products from the ESRI Web site, at: http://www.esri.com/arcgis.



Online portal to technicalinformationhttp://support.esri.com

Knowledge Base Technical articles White papers System requirements

Downloads Patches and service packs Data models ArcScripts and samples

User forums Discussion groups E-mail lists

ESRI Support Center

Contact ESRI Request technical support Report a bug Suggest a software enhancement

ESRIs primary resource for software support is the ESRI Support Center at http://support.esri.com.

Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base is a searchable database of focused technical articles. It includes answers to frequently asked questions, step-by-step directions for performing common tasks, and workarounds for known software limitations. The Knowledge Base also contains topic-focused white papers organized by product, system requirement information, and product documentation.

Downloads

Obtain the latest software correction, software and code samples, utilities, tutorials, user contributed scripts and sample code (ArcScripts), data models, and evaluation software from ESRIs download page.

User forums

In the user forums, you can ask questions, provide answers, and exchange ideas with other ESRI product users. Resources include several discussion forums, and two subscription e-mail discussion lists moderated by ESRI. ArcView-L is for ArcView users, and ESRI-L is for users of all other ESRI products.

Contact ESRI

Through the ESRI Support Center, you can contact ESRI to request technical support, report a software bug, submit a software enhancement request, and learn more about registration, licensing, and updates.



ESRI Software Documentation LibraryDigital versions of

ArcGIS user guides

GIS DictionaryCollection of GIS and

ArcGIS terminology

ESRI Data and MapsReady-to-use datasets

Additional support resources

ESRI Software Documentation Library

The ESRI Software Documentation Library is a digital collection of the books that accompany ArcGIS. This collection is available online at the ESRI Support Center under Product Documentation for each software type, and is also on a CD in the ArcGIS Media Kit (once this CD is installed, all books will be available in \ESRI_Library).

GIS Dictionary

The GIS Dictionary defines terms commonly used in ArcGIS applications and general GIS. Many terms originate from GIS operations, uses, and contexts; others, from closely allied fields and major application areas of GIS. The GIS Dictionary is available online at the ESRI Support Center or through ArcGIS Help.

ESRI Data and Maps

The ESRI Data and Maps CD, included in the ArcGIS Media Kit, contains many types of map data at many scales of geography. All vector data is in Smart Data Compression (SDC) format; raster data is in various formats, including ESRI Grid and MrSID image formats. Be sure to review all information about the data, including redistribution rights and metadata documentation, before redistributing any of this data.



ESRI Educational Services

Learning options Instructor-led training

Virtual Campus courses

Training seminars

Web workshops

Learning Pathways Focused training on

particular subject areas

Certificate of completion

http://www.esri.com/training_events.html

Depending on which ESRI software your organization has licensed, your skills, and your plans for upcoming projects, you may benefit from additional training on advanced topics, on specialized software, or on background topics to refine your understanding of GIS and related technologies.

Detailed information about Instructor-led and Web-based coursesincluding a list of topics covered, intended audience, duration, schedules, and pricingis available in the ESRI Course Catalog. You can access this catalog on the Web at http://www.esri.com/training/index.html.

Web-based courses offer convenience and savings. Also, many ESRI Virtual Campus courses include a free lesson, called a module. You can create a free account and begin training with these free modules within minutes at http://campus.esri.com.

In addition to Web-based courses, the Virtual Campus also offers free live training seminars, training seminars, and Web workshops. Live training seminars are focused lectures on a variety of GIS topics for all levels of users. Training seminars are free recordings of live training seminars, viewable at your convenience. Workshops are recordings of live training seminars, viewable at your convenience, plus printable slides of the presentation, questions and answers from the live training seminar, a software exercise with accompanying data, an optional exam to assess understanding, and a certificate for successfully completing the exam.

Learning PathwaysLearning Pathways are collections of instructor-led and Virtual Campus courses organized to generate job-specific knowledge and skills for particular subjects. There are no extra fees, and each Learning Pathway ends with a certificate of completion. Learn more about Learning Pathways at the ESRI Training Web site.



Course materials

ESRITraining Data

Books Lecture

Exercise

CDsCourse data

Topology rules poster

Online course evaluationhttp://classeval.esri.comRequires Course Identification Number

Teaching methods

Research indicates that students learn differently. This course maximizes your learning experience by combining instructor-led lectures and discussions, demonstrations, computer-based exercises, and review questions.

Class materials

Your class materials include lecture and exercise coursebooks. These are yours to take home, so feel free to write in them.

The class data CD contains all the datasets you will work with during class.

A poster showing all the geodatabase topology rules is also part of the course materials.

Course evaluation

Your feedback improves ESRIs courses. At the end of the week, please evaluate the following:

Instructor Course materials Teaching facilities Overall course



Exercise typographic conventions

DescriptivetextAction

Note

Warning

Question with hint

Controlname

Keyboardinput

99

Before you begin your first exercise, you need to recognize the typographic conventions used in your exercise coursebook.

Descriptive text

This text can provide an overview of the next sequence of actions, a review of actions just completed, or an interpretation of output on your computer monitor. Descriptive text may introduce what is about to happen with phrases like Next, create a new map in ArcMap; the actual instruction follows, indicated by the checkbox symbol.

Action

Actions are taskslike starting an application, clicking a button, or typing a commandthat you must perform during the exercise. The square checkbox symbol indicates an action; act only on instructions that are prefaced with the checkbox symbol.

You can mark the checkbox symbol in your exercise coursebook as you complete each task. This is especially helpful when shifting your attention between your book and your computer monitor.

Control name

Names of objects on your monitor with which you interact are italicized in your exercise coursebook. These include windows, menus, and buttons. Many buttons reveal their names when you hold your mouse pointer over them.



Exercise 1 overview Install the class database

Data Collection, Editing and Production 2-1ARCGIS Overview

Copyright 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved. Data Collection, Editing and Production

ArcGIS overview


2-2Data Collection, Editing and ProductionCopyright 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Lesson 2 overviewArcGIS software

ArchitectureApplicationsGeoprocessing

Lesson 2 overview

This lesson introduces the geodatabase (short for geographic database). The geodatabase is a format for storing spatial and attribute data in a relational database management system (RDBMS). ESRI introduced the geodatabase with the December 1999 release of ArcInfo 8.



ArcGIS Architecture ArcGIS client products

ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo Common applications:

ArcMapDisplay, editing and

cartographyArcCatalogCreating and managing data

ArcToolboxGeoprocessing tools

All ArcGIS products (ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo) are comprised of the ArcMap and ArcCatalog applications, both of which contain the Toolbox and Geoprocessing windows. ArcMap is the application for performing analysis and making maps. ArcCatalog is a tool for accessing and managing your data. ArcToolbox contains tools for data conversion and management. The Geoprocessing window allows you to write, import and run scripts and access individual commands

ArcEditor is a GIS data automation and compilation workstation for the construction and maintenance of geodatabases, shapefiles, and other geographic information. ArcEditor provides the ability to create geodatabase behaviors, such as topology, subtypes, domains and geometric networks.

ArcEditor includes tools that support metadata creation, geographic data exploration and analysis and mapping. ArcEditor includes advanced tools for multi-user geodatabase editing and version management. Resolve conflicts, disconnected editing, and history management. ArcEditor includes all the functionality of ArcView and adds the power to edit topologically integrated features in a geodatabase or coverage. Additional functionality includes support for multi-user editing, versioning, custom feature classes, feature-linked annotation, and dimensioning. ArcEditor allows you to create and edit all ESRI-supported vector data formats.



ArcCatalog - create and manage dataDatabase exploration tool

Browse your dataManage your data

Define GDB schemaFeature datasets Feature classesRelationship classesDomains, SubtypesTopology

Manage metadataCreate data documentationView data documentation

The ArcCatalog application helps you organize and manage all your GIS data. It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information, recording and viewing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining the schema structure for your geographic data layers.



ArcMap - display, edit and mapMap-based tasksDisplaying

Editing

Querying

Analyzing

Charting

Reporting

ArcMap provides tools for creating visual displays of your data, querying, and creating presentation-quality maps. ArcMap makes it easy to lay out your maps for printing, embedding in other documents, or electronic publishing. It also includes analysis, charting, reporting functions, and a comprehensive suite of editing tools for creating and editing geographic data. When you save a map, all of your layout work, symbols, text, and graphics are automatically preserved.

ArcMap is the primary ArcGIS application for displaying, querying, editing, creating, and analyzing data.



ArcToolbox Window - geoprocessing functions Available in ArcCatalog and ArcMap Geographic processing functions

Data management, analysis, and conversion

Tools vary between ArcGIS products

The ArcToolbox window provides you with tools for data conversion, managing coordinate systems, changing map projections, and more. ArcToolbox supports easy-to-use drag-and-drop operations from ArcCatalog; with ArcMap you need to browse to or type in the variables. For ArcInfo users, ArcToolbox provides additional and more sophisticated data conversion and spatial analysis tools.



Geoprocessing Functions - Scalability

Additional Extension Tools45 3D Analyst Tools

158 Spatial Analyst Tools1 Geostatistical Analyst Tool

ArcView Basic GP tools Standard options 87 Tools

ArcInfo Comprehensive GP tools 193 Tools + 57 Coverage tools

ArcEditor ArcView GP tools plus More 93 Tools

The following lists the key items present in ArcEditor that ArcView cannot do: Edit Coverages

Edit enterprise geodatabases (stored in a DBMS - Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix, IBM DB2)

Edit geodatabases features participating in Geometric Networks and Relationship classes

Create relationship classes in a personal or enterprise geodatabase

Create multiple versions on an enterprise geodatabase

Edit specific versions on an enterprise geodatabase

Resolve conflicts between versions on an enterprise geodatabase

Create and edit dimension feature classes

Define dimension feature class attributes

Create feature-linked annotation, linking annotation to features in a geodatabase

Load data into an enterprise geodatabase

Load rasters into an enterprise geodatabase

Create subtypes in a geodatabase



ArcMap refresher

Display area

Display area

Table of ContentsDockable

Context menu

Draw toolbarStatus bar

Standard toolbarMenu barTitle bar

Tools toolbar Tear-off and dockable

Tools toolbar Tear-off and dockable

Features of the ArcMap interface

The Title bar displays the map name (EuropeOnly.mxd in the example above).

The toolbars are dockable.

The Table of Contents lists the data views and layer legends. The Table of Contents is dockable and can be resized by horizontally dragging the vertical divider between the Table of Contents and the display area.

The display area is where the map features draw.

The Status bar, besides reporting the coordinates, displays a description of the selected buttons and menu items.



Data view or Layout view? Data view

For display, queries, editing, and analysis Layout view

For creating map layouts Can edit data in either data view or layout view

Data ViewData View

Layout ViewLayout View

Data view

You will work in Data view if you want to display, query, edit, explore, and analyze data.Layout view

When you choose to create a hard copy map, you need to move to the Layout view. This view is where you add all the other map elements, such as the north arrow, legend, scale, title, and other textual information (e.g., author, data date, map date, projection type). Once the map is complete, you can send it to a plotter or printer, or export it as a graphic file.

ArcMap provides two different ways to view a map: data view and layout view. Each view lets you look at and interact with the map in a different way. Data view hides all of the map elements on the layout such as titles, North arrows, and scalebars. In layout view, youll see a virtual page upon which you can place and arrange map elements. You can edit your geographic data in either data view or layout view



Managing the Table of Contents (TOC) Drag layers up or down to change display order

Smart defaults for layer draw orderPoint, lines, or polygons

Layers draw in the TOC in order From the bottom up

Rename data frames and layers

Remove layers

Bottom tabsDisplay

Source

Managing the Table of Contents

The Table of Contents (TOC) lists all the data frames and thematic layers on the map and shows the symbols used to represent the features in each layer. A check box next to a layer indicates whether it is currently visible on the map. Layers at the top of the TOC draw on top of layers listed below them. Learning how to manage layers and frames within the TOC will help you represent your data effectively and efficiently.

The draw order of layers within a data frame is from the bottom to the top, so you will put those layers that form the background of your map, such as the ocean, at the bottom of the TOC. ArcMap is smart enough to display a point feature class on top of a polygon feature class.

To change the order of display, click the layer and drag it up or down the TOC to a new location.

You can copy and paste layers within the same data frame or into a different data frame.

Layers can be removed by right-clicking on the layer and clicking Remove from the Context menu.



Magnifier and overview windows See more detail or overview

without changing display

Move over display like a magnifying glass

Shows full extent of data plus extent of data view

Magnifier and overview windows

When you dont want to adjust your map display, but you want to see more detail or get an overview of an area, open another window. ArcMap provides two additional ways to explore the spatial data on your map: an overview window and a magnifier window.

The magnifier window works like a magnifying glass; as you pass the window over the data, you see a magnified view of the location under the window. Moving the window around does not affect the current map display.

The overview window shows you the full extent of the data. A small box in the overview window represents the currently displayed area on the map. You can move this box around to pan the map and shrink or enlarge it to zoom in or out.

Both windows operate only in Data view.



Editing in projected space ArcMap - project on-the-fly capabilities

Edit layers one coordinate system without need to transform data.

Scenario:Data from variety of sources

Layers not in same coordinate system

Set coordinate system for ArcMap data frame

Added layers automatically transformed to data frame projection.

Thus, edit shapes and attribute layers regardless of coordinate system it was stored in.



The Editor toolbar All editing functions are controlled through the toolbar

Edit ToolEdit Tool Sketch ToolSketch Tool

Target layerTarget layer

Edit sessioncommands

Edit sessioncommands

Split ToolSplit Tool Rotate ToolRotate Tool

Attributedialog

Attributedialog

Sketch PropertiesSketch

Properties

Task listTask list

Navigating the Editor toolbar

In ArcMap, editing operations are controlled through the editing toolbar. The toolbar contains several important controls:

Editor menu: This menu contains the commands for beginning, ending, and saving edit sessions. It also provides access to several editing operations, snapping controls, and editing options.

Edit Tool: This tool is used to select features for editing.

Sketch Tool: This is the primary tool for editing spatial features. It allows you to digitize in new features or modify the shape of existing features. The actual operation the tool will perform is controlled by the Task list.

Task list: You choose your desired editing operation from this dropdown list.

Target layer: This control allows you to select the layer you want to edit.

Split Tool: Allows you to divide a select feature into two features.

Rotate Tool: Allows you to interactively rotate selected features using the mouse or anangular measurement.

Attribute dialog: This window allows you to edit the attribute values of selected features.

Sketch Properties: Allows you to edit the vertices of a sketch.



Employed to speed up common ArcMap tasks

Temporary storage of features in current display extent on local machine's memory

Improves performance of edit session

Reduces the load on the server in a multiuser environment.

Map Cache

If youre working with data stored in a personal or ArcSDE geodatabase, building a map cache can often speed up editing as well as selecting, labeling, and drawing features.The map cache improves the performance of your edit session and also reduces the load on the server itself in a multiuser environment.In general, when editing data in a geodatabase, especially network data, you should use the map cache. The map cache places features in the current display extent into memory on your local machine. The features can be accessed much faster from memory than from the server.The auto-cache can be useful if you are going to be working in a series of different geographic areas and you dont want to rebuild the cache for each area.It is also convenient when you dont know the exact bounds of the area you want to cache. Since auto-caching may hinder performance, you should set an auto-cache minimum scale.you're working with data stored in a geodatabase, building the map cache can often speed up common ArcMap tasks. The map cache allows you to temporarily store the features in the current map display extent in ArcMap in your local machine's memory. Because retrieving the features from local memory is a fast operation, using the map cache will often result in performance improvements.

The map cache only stores features in geodatabases, so no data from rasters, coverages, or shapefiles is cached. The map cache is most useful when you will be working within a specific area of a map.

For example, if you are working with data in a multiuser geodatabase that serves features over a network, features in the current extent must be retrieved from the source database each time your display is updated. Building a map cache, however, can reduce the load on your network and the geodatabase since ArcMap accesses this information from your computer's RAM. Since features are cached on the client, it reduces the number of queries the client needs to execute on the server.

Drawing large or complex datasets, labeling, editing, selecting features, retrieving the same features for multiple layers on a map, and drawing features using a definition query are some of the activities that can often benefit from a map cache. Labeling, for example, can be a slow and costly process for the geodatabase, requiring multiple roundtrips to the geodatabase as the label engine attempts to place the maximum number of labels on the map



Managing edit sessions Starting a session

Within one data frame at a time

Within one geodatabase at a time

Within one directory at a time

Saving editsDuring the edit session

At the end of the edit session

Ending a session

Starting an edit session

If you have started an edit session in a map document where the layers come from more than one storage location (I.e. more than one personal geodatabase or network file directory), you will be prompted to select the single data source which will be edited.

A personal geodatabase may only have one editor at a time; this does not mean one user, but rather one application. For example, if you have started an edit session in ArcMap, and move to ArcCatalog to delete or add fields to a table or feature class within the same personal geodatabase, you will not be allowed to make your changes. This is because the first application to access the personal geodatabase puts a schema lock on the entire geodatabase.

Managing edit sessions

In ArcMap you begin, end, and save edit sessions using the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar. When ending an edit session, ArcMap will prompt you to save your edits. If you do not save, your edits will not be committed back to the edit layer.



Sketch: Shape you draw that performs various tasks when editing Adding new features, modifying features,reshaping features

Tasks: Actions listed in the Task dropdown list.

Must create a sketch in order to complete a task.

Example- Create New Feature task uses sketch to make the new feature.

What is a sketch?



Setting ArcMap options Control default behaviors

Application startup screens

When resizing window

Table fonts

Layout rulers and grid spacing

Raster display

DGN compliance for CAD files

Table of Contents appearance

Geoprocessing environment settings

Setting ArcMap Options

You can adjust a number of default settings for ArcMap behaviors. For example, you might change the text size and font of your tables so that they are easier to read. You might also want to change the shape of the lines and patches that represent the features on a map in your Table of Contents. As shown on the slide above, you can add an additional tab to the bottom of your Table of Contents; the Selection Tab provides you with another method of turning selectable layers on or off (see also slide 4-10). Other settings include:

Layout View: setting snapping to grids or guides, turning on/off rulers and scrollbars

Raster: set default display colors for different bands from a wide variety of raster formats (particularly useful for remotely-sensed or false color imagery)

Geoprocessing: set default disk storage locations or spatial reference for new data



Provides a uniform view of all your data

Define or modify table and feature class definitions

Manage data: Copy, Rename, DeleteAdditional data management tools with the

ArcToolbox window

ArcCatalog - refresher

Using ArcCatalog

ArcCatalog is the application where you create and manage connections to all the data you need to use. When you create a connection, you access the data to which it is linked, whether it is located on a local disk or a database on the network. Together, your connections create a catalog of geographic data sources.

Within ArcCatalog you can move, copy, rename, and delete geographic data. You can create, manage, and edit associated metadata, and you can perform some modifications to the data, such as adding fields to tables, defining subtypes, creating domains, and building table relationships.

By adding the ArcToolbox window, you can also access all of the data management tools contained within the various toolboxes.



Contents and Preview tab Contents tab

Lists catalog tree contentFoldersGeodatabasesFeature datasets

Preview tabPreviews selected items GeographicTabular data

The Contents tabThe Contents tab lists the items contained in any item you select in the Catalog tree, such as folders, geodatabases, or feature datasets. In the Contents tab you can look at the data listed in four different ways:

Large icons: All items are represented by a large icon graphic in the main display window.

List: The items are shown in a simple list with small icons to the left of the file names.

Details: The items are shown in a simple list with small icons to the left of the file names (similar to the list view option), but additional information is also given, such as each files data type.

Thumbnails: All items are represented by thumbnail images in the main display window. The thumbnails are snapshots of the data at the time the thumbnail was created. Therefore, the thumbnail images can quickly become outdated and should be updated frequently.

By default, thumbnails are automatically generated for map documents. For other items, a thumbnail must be created manually. If a thumbnail has not been created for an item, an icon describing the data type and name of the item will appear in place of the thumbnail.

The Preview tabWhen an item is selected in the Catalog tree, the Preview tab will preview the selected items geographic or tabular data. At the bottom of the tab there is a dropdown list that allows users to select which view they would like to see (either geography or table). Geography is the default view, where the data is displayed with a random color and/or symbol set. The table view option displays the attribute data associated with the selected feature class in tabular form.

A third preview option, 3D view, is also possible if the 3D Analyst Extension has been added. You can build your own custom views if these three options do not meet the needs of your organization.



Metadata - data about data.

Descriptive information about data source

Metadata Toolbar

Create and edit contentStylesheets

Metadata tabDescription

Spatial

Attributes

FGDC_ESRIFGDC_ESRI

FGDC ClassicFGDC Classic

XMLXML

ISOISO

Introducing metadataOften the definition given for metadata is data about data. While this definition is not incorrect, it not very informative. More precisely, metadata supports descriptive information about data. Text written on the back of a photograph telling you the photograph's date and subject, and nutrition labels on food containers are common examples of everyday metadata. For spatial data metadata includes descriptive information such as date, creator, geographic extent, coordinate system, and attribute domains. Metadata gives your data credibility, and in many situations your data may be impossible to interpret or use without it.

The Metadata tab in ArcCatalog displays the metadata for a selected dataset. If metadata doesn't exist for the selected dataset, ArcCatalog will create as much metadata as it can from the existing information. For the FGDC ESRI stylesheet, the Metadata tab is divided into three categories, each with an active tab:

Description - contains the basic narrative information about the dataset, including source, organization, date, uses, and restrictions.

Spatial - contains the coordinate information and geographic extent of the dataset.

Attributes - includes fields, attribute domains, and related tabular information.

You can create, edit, import, and export the metadata for any given dataset. Because metadata information is stored in XML format, you can use it with other software that can read XML documents.

Viewing metadataYou can view metadata in ArcCatalog by selecting an item in the Catalog tree, then clicking the Metadata tab in the display area. There are a number of stylesheets available in ArcCatalog to view metadata. Stylesheets format data from a database and present the results as a report. Metadata is stored as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file, and the stylesheets define how XML data is presented. Stylesheets are written using Extended Stylesheet Language (XSL). The stylesheets in ArcCatalog represent common standards for metadata. However, you can create your own customized stylesheet for displaying metadata in ArcCatalog using XSL.

The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organization established by the United States Federal Office of Management and Budget responsible for the coordination of development, use, sharing, and dissemination of surveying, mapping, and related spatial data. It is composed of representatives from several federal agencies and GIS vendors. The FGDC defines spatial metadata standards in its Content Standards for Spatial Metadata, and it coordinates the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).

ISO, the International Organization for Standardization is another common standard for collecting metadata on spatial data.



Connect to FolderAny folder in your network

Disconnect

Supports Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) paths

Available on many dialogs

Connect to DatabaseEnterprise GDB via ArcSDE

Tabular database via OLE DB

Connecting to Folders and Databases

Connecting to folders

Unlike Windows Explorer, ArcCatalog does not list all files stored on disk, so when you look in a folder, it might appear to be empty. By default, ArcCatalog only lists geographic data files. By default, ArcCatalog can access several types of geographic data (e.g., shapefiles, coverages). To enable ArcCatalog to access a new type of data, both spatial and non-spatial types, you need to specify the data type in the File Types list in the Options dialog.

When you first start ArcCatalog, it contains folder connections that let you access your local computers hard disks along with other folders called top level directories (e.g. Coordinate Systems, Address Locators). You can add additional folder connections that access specific folders or directories on a local disk, shared folders on the network, or the contents of a floppy or CD-ROM drive when needed. You can also connect through Network Neighborhood to store a Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) path. You can use UNC for layer files or map documents to reference a layers source data. Lastly, you can remove folder connections and hide other folders that you do not need.



ArcCatalog options Turn default data types

on or off

Add new file types Add non-spatial data formats

Import File Types from Windows registry

Add New Types not in registry

Define Contents columns

Choose Metadata default style

Define Table appearance

Raster display defaults

Geoprocessor environment settings

ArcCatalog Options Tabs

The Options tabs allow you to re-define ArcCatalogs default parameters for various functions.

General - select which top level entries (I.e. entries in the Catalog Tree such as Search Results, or GIS Servers) are displayed by default, and which types of data you want theCatalog to show.

File Types add new file types which are not contained within the list supplied in the General tab.

Contents define which standard and/or metadata columns will be displayed with data rows within the Contents View.

Metadata define the default metadata stylesheet, Metadata Editor, and toggle on/off whether ArcCatalog will automatically create and/or update metadata files.

Geoprocessing set default global environment settings such as preferred location for storing new feature classes

Tables Choose how tables will appear by default.

Raster select which raster formats ArcCatalog will recognize, define how various raster formats will be displayed, and ArcCatalog will build pyramids to facilitate faster raster display.

CAD you can choose whether ArcCatalog will or will not check all file extensions for DGN compliance. It is recommended that users leave this off, in order to speed up ArcCatalog initialization and searches.



Arctoolbox window Geoprocessing tools for:

Data management Conversion Analysis

Container for tools and toolsets Deployed in ArcCatalog and

ArcMap

Organized into: Toolboxes Toolset: Logical container of tools

Tool: Single geoprocessingoperation

ToolboxToolbox

ModelModel

ScriptScript

System toolSystem tool

ToolsetToolset

Core toolboxAnalysis

Geoprocessing for feature classesConversion

CAD tools, conversion toolsData Management

Field and workspace toolsCoverage *Workstation install

Geoprocessing for coveragesLinear Referencing

Creating routes, locationsGeocoding

Building locators, table matchingCartography

Masking annotation, featuresSpatial Statistics

Analyzing patterns, distributionsAnalysis Tools

Contains a wide variety of geoprocessing tools used to solve spatial or statistical problems. These tools work on feature classes (shapefiles and feature classes from a geodatabase) for a wide array of spatial analysis.

Conversion Tools

Contains tools for performing conversions between various data formats, such as CAD to feature class or DEM to Raster.

Coverage Tools



ArcEditor Geoprocessing tools

Spatial Statistics Toolbox - 18 ToolsGeocoding Toolbox - 7 Tools

Linear Referencing Toolbox - 3 Tools

Conversion Toolbox20 Tools

Tools to convert data into various formats.From Raster ToolsetTo dBASE ToolsetGeodatabase ToolsetTo Raster ToolsetTo Shapefile Toolset

Analysis Toolbox5 Tools

Geoprocessing tools used to solve spatial or statistical problems

Extract ToolsetOverlay ToolsetProximity Toolset

Data Management Toolbox51 Tools

Tools to develop, manage, andmanipulate feature classes and datasets

Feature Class ToolseFeatures ToolsetFields ToolsetGeneral ToolsetGeneralization ToolsetLayers and Table Views ToolsetProjections & Transformations ToolsetFeature (Projections and Transformations) ToolsetRaster (Projections and Transformations) Toolset Raster ToolsetTable Toolset



Geoprocessing framework

ModelBuilder

ScriptsTool

Command Line

With ArcGIS 9, ESRI is introducing the geoprocessing framework. The framework includes a series of tools that can run from numerous locations. For example, the Select tool in the ArcToolbox window can be executed directly from ArcToolbox as a dialog, from the command line, from a model, or from a script. The ability to run these tools from multiple locations is what makes the geoprocessing environment so powerful.



Setting the geoprocessing environment

Workspaces

Spatial Reference

Extent

Coverage Settings

The ArcGIS geoprocessor has one integrated dialog that sets processing environments for all outputs; shapefiles, rasters, geodatabase feature classes, and so forth.. The environments control how data is created using the ArcToolbox tools, the command line, scripts, and models. For Spatial Analyst tools, you normally need to make settings under the General Settings and Raster Analysis Settings pull-down controls.

Note that the geoprocessing environments do not control outputs created with the Spatial Analyst toolbar.

Opening the dialog

Right-click anywhere in the ArcToolbox (in ArcMap or ArcCatalog) and choose Environments from the context menu that appears. Additionally, each ArcToolbox tool has a control to open the Environment Settings dialog, as does a models property dialog.

Saving the environment

In ArcCatalog, the geoprocessing environments persist between sessions. That is, if you make a setting, then close and re-open ArcCatalog, the setting will still be in effect.

In ArcMap, the geoprocessing environments are reset to their defaults between sessions. Thatis, if you make a setting, then close and re-open ArcMap, the setting will be the default. However, if you save a map or template the settings are preserved in the .MXD or .MXT file.

You may save and re-load the environments in both ArcMap and ArcCatalog. Right-click in the ArcToolbox and choose Save Settings or Load Settings from the context menu.

Getting help

The Show Help button on the Environment Settings dialog exposes or hides the help area, which displays a brief description of the currently selected control in the dialog. Also see the ArcGIS Desktop Help under Geoprocessing > Geoprocessing in the ArcGIS environment.



Using a Tool

Provides dialog interface for tools

Hints andlink to help

Uses geoprocessing environments(right-click to set)

Status window

Tools can be executed by either double-clicking on the tool, or right-clicking on the tool and choosing Open. In either instance, a dialog will appear prompting you for all the needed parameters. The parameters that are required are things such as the input data being processed, new output data that may be created, and any other information needed to execute the tool, such as a buffer distance. In some cases there may be optional parameters. These can be left blank. In the example above, the Cluster Tolerance parameter is optional for the Clip tool, and is indicated with the word optional in parentheses.

Once all the appropriate parameters have been filled in, press the OK button to execute the tool. During the execution of the tool, messages are written to a progress dialog (bottom right graphic in this slide), a new feature in ArcGIS 9. These dialogs will appear every time any tool executes, and will remain open until the tool has completed executing. These dialogs also will indicate whether or not the execution of the tool was successful and how long it took. You can either manually close the progress dialog or choose to have it automatically close upon completion.

The messages written in the progress dialog can also appear in the Command Line window (bottom left graphic), also new to ArcGIS 9. The Command Line window is a dockable window which you can have visible. If you choose to have it visible, it provides a good historical view of messages from all tools executed in a session. More on the Command Line window and its additional features will be discussed later in this course.



Using command line

Supports code completion

Provides command interface for tools

Showsprocessing

status

Opens Command Line

The Command Line window may be used to run any geoprocessing tool even those you have written and added to the ArcToolbox. You type the tools command name and parameters and then execute the tool when you press Enter, or you may drag and drop a tool from ArcToolbox into the Command Line window, which is a quick way to discover a tools command name (tool names and command names are usually different).

The Command Line window

You open the Command Line window in either ArcCatalog or ArcMap by clicking its button on the Standard toolbar. The Command Line window contains two sections: a command input line and a message section. You type a geoprocessing command and its parameters in the input line. Messages are displayed as the command runs.

Using the Command Line window

The Command Line window has several convenient features. You may:

Obtain a list of available tools and environment settings.

View the syntax for tools to see the parameters that you must specify, and in some cases, choose appropriate parameter values from pulldown lists (this is code completion).

Set values for environment settings.

Create variables for parameter values that you may save and reuse.

View the messages from previously ran tools.

Open the dialog for a previously ran tool, edit its parameters, and rerun it.



Graphical modeling environment

Automate and manage a geoprocessing work flow

May contain a number of interrelated processes

Run, save or export model

Using ModelBuilder

Drag data Drag tools

Spatial Analyst and the Model Builder

Building a model helps you to automate and manage a geoprocessing work flow. A complex model may contain a number of interrelated processes. With the Model Builder, you may change existing models (e.g., to replace old datasets with newer ones, to change environments, to add processes, to delete processes, or to change tool parameters).

Using the Model Builder

You open the Model Builder window either by adding a new model to the ArcToolbox (right-click in a toolbox) or by editing an existing model (right-click on a model in the ArcToolbox). You add tools including other models and scripts to the model by dragging and dropping them from the ArcToolbox onto the open Model Builder window. In order to set a tools parameters, you open its dialog by double-clicking the tool icon in the window. You add data to the model in several ways, like by dragging from either ArcCatalog, from the ArcMap Table of Contents, or by setting input/output parameters in a tool dialog. You use the Model Builder toolbar for a variety of tasks, including setting the model properties and parameters, controlling the model layout and symbology, and running the model. You may run a model by double-clicking it in ArcToolbox.

Exporting models to scripts

In the Model Builder window, click Model > Export > To Script to export your model to Python, JavaScript, or VB script. In addition to many other uses, this is a wonderful way to learn how to write geoprocessing scripts in these languages.



Using Scripts Automate simple or complex tasks

Many languages supported (Python shown)

Object-oriented (But easy!)

Implement geoprocessor tools, environments

May add scripts as tools to Toolsets in Toolboxes

May use scripts in models

Spatial Analyst and scripts

Scripts can automate simple or complex tasks using any of the ArcGIS geoprocessing tools and can be written so that they are data independent so they may be reused. You may add your scripts to the ArcToolbox, where they are used like any other tool. Writing scripts is easy, and you should have no trouble mastering the simple skills you need to get started.

Supported scripting languages

You will probably write geoprocessing scripts using one of the popular languages, like Python, VB Script, JScript, or Perlalthough any language that is COM compliant and implements the IDispatch interface is supported. Scripts are usually text files, although some languages can compile scripts into binary executables.

Python

ESRI provides script samples in Python because it is easy to learn, has the capabilities of a complete developer language, has a convenient development environment (PythonWin), and can run on many platforms including UNIX, Linux, and Windows. And, it is free. In fact, several of the tools in the ArcToolbox are actually Python scripts. For more information, visit www.python.org on the Web.

How it works

An ArcObject called the geoprocessor provides a single access point and environment for the execution of any of the more than 400 ArcGIS geoprocessing tools, including extensions. In the example above, these lines create the geoprocessor object and use it to run the Slope command:

Gp = win32com.client.Dispatch("esriGeoprocessing.GpDispatch.1")..Gp.Slope_sa(InElev, OutSlp, "DEGREE", "1")



Getting help Tabs

Contents Index Search Favorites

Other help Whats this? Tool tips Online Support

The ArcGIS Desktop Help provides several methods for finding the help you need to use the software most productively. The Contents tab lets you search for information by topic. The Index tab lets you search for topics containing words from the Help index, such as Layer or Table. The Search tab lets you search the Help document for a word you specify. The Favorites tab lets you store your favorite help topics so you can easily access them when needed. Your word does not have to be in the index in order to search the document for it, but the search will take longer if it's not in the index.

In ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox, button and tool names are displayed when you move the mouse over them (these are called tool tips). You can also click the Whats This? tool in ArcMap or ArcCatalog, then click on a button or tool to access additional help about it (this is called context-sensitive help). For applications like ArcMap that have graphical user interfaces, context-sensitive help is useful for finding out what all the various buttons and tools do.

Selecting the ESRI Support Center link will connect you with a wealth of additional on-line resources. The website URL is http://support.esri.com



Lesson 2 Summary



Exercise 2



Lesson 3A overview Geodatabase

Advantages Personal GDB vs. enterprise GDB GDB constructs Behavior Spatial & Attribute validation

GDB topology Creating a topology Properties of a topology

Cluster tolerance Ranks Rules

Dirty areas Errors Exceptions

VectorsVectors

TopologyTopology

NetworksNetworks

TerrainTerrain

SurveysSurveys

CADCAD

AddressesAddresses

27 Main St.27 Main St.

AnnotationAnnotation

ABCABC

3D Objects3D Objects

107107

DimensionsDimensions

RastersRasters

AttributesAttributes

37464 78787

78874 45545

Lesson 9 overview

When you model geographic features, you will most likely need to model some features that have spatial relationships with other features around them. This lessons introduces you to geodatabase topology by describing how features share geometry, and by explaining the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining topological relationships between features.

A topology is stored as a special class in a geodatabase. You create a topology in ArcCatalog between a set of feature classes in a feature dataset. You use a topology in ArcMap when you edit the feature classes.



ESRI spatial data formats Storing spatial data has changed with time and

technology

Different formats have their advantages and disadvantages

Data formats are used to represent real-world objects

Coverage (1983)Coverage (1983)TINTIN

ArcStormArcStorm

Image CatalogImage CatalogArcInfo LIBRARIANArcInfo LIBRARIAN

ShapefileShapefileGeodatabase (1999)Geodatabase (1999)

SDESDE

GridGrid

ESRI Spatial data file formats

ArcGIS offers you many choices for storing spatial and attribute data, and each format has its strengths and limitations. Some issues to consider when choosing data formats are:

Topology

Coverages store polygon and line topology. The geodatabase, at present, can model both polygon and line spatial relationships but physically stores line topology as a series of tables (called a Geometric Network). Shapefiles do not store topology.

Discrete versus continuous data

Raster format is especially suited to data without clear boundaries (continuous data) such as temperature, land use, and elevation. Vector formats store discrete lines, so they are more suited to discrete data such as streets and parcel boundaries.

Consistency

The formats you choose should be standardized within your organization, and easily converted if necessary.

ESRI has developed many spatial storage structures to represent real-world features. You must understand the various formats available and the advantages and disadvantages of these formats in order to select the appropriate storage format for your data. When selecting a spatial data format there are many considerations, including:

Is your data better represented as discrete x,y coordinates or in a grid of cells?

Do you need to share data among many users?

Do you have many users who will be editing the data at the same time?



What is the Geodatabase ? A container for spatial and attribute data

GIS data stored in a relational database (RDBMS)Scalable solutions (personal GDB or enterprise GDB)Supports data integrity with rules

Tools to migrate existing GIS data

CAD filesCAD files

RasterRaster

CoveragesCoveragesShapefilesShapefiles

GeodatabaseGeodatabase

Introducing the geodatabase

A geodatabase is a relational database that stores GIS data as a collection of tables that contain vector and raster data and their attributes. Users interact with geodatabase data in much the same way as they interact with file-based data (like shapefiles) through ArcGIS clients like ArcMap. However, the geodatabase centralizes the GIS data for improved data administration and allows the creation of rules to help prevent errors from being introduced into the data.

Scalability

Geodatabases come in two variants: personal and multiuser. Personal geodatabases are stored in a Microsoft Access database and are intended for use by a single user (while many users may read the personal geodatabase, only one may edit it). For large enterprises, you may choose to implement the geodatabase in a more powerful RDBMS that is served by ArcSDE, which allows multiple simultaneous edit sessions, larger data volumes, and faster transactions.

Data integrity

Regardless of implementation, the geodatabase supports a variety of rules to help enforce data integrity. Attribute domains may be applied to fields to help prevent illegal attribute assignment, relationship rules may be used to help prevent illegal thematic relationships (e.g., putting a warehouse on a residential property), and topology rules may be implemented to find errors between spatial features (e.g., bus routes that are not coincident with a city street).

Custom behavior

The geodatabase architecture is based on object-oriented technology. This means that developers can extend the geodatabase object classes to allow custom behavior like specialized attribute editors and validation rules.



Personal geodatabaseBuilt on Microsoft Jet Engine

Microsoft Access file

Enterprise geodatabaseStored within an RDBMS

Requires ArcSDE

The differencePersonal GDB size limit: 2GB

Enterprise GDB allows multiuser editingand versioning

Use same ArcGIS tools with either storage type

Storing the geodatabase

PersonalGeodatabase

ArcSDE

EnterpriseGeodatabase

IBM DB2InformixOracle

SQL Server

ArcGIS

The geodatabase can be stores in an MDB file or in a relational database. If the geodatabase exists in a MDB file, it is called a personal geodatabase. If a geodatabase exists in a relational database, it is called a enterprise geodatabase and requires ArcSDE.

Personal geodatabase

Using ArcGIS, you are able to create and work directly with a personal geodatabase. The Microsoft Jet Engine has been incorporated into ArcGIS and allows you to create and manipulate a Microsoft Access file. All spatial and attribute data is stored in the same MDB file. The personal geodatabase can only support one editor at a time but more than one session of ArcGIS may view and query the data.

Enterprise geodatabase

Multiple users can view and edit data in an enterprise database at the same time. Because building and managing a shared geodatabase for multiple users require a GIS and a RDBMS, ArcGIS and ArcSDE are delivered together as a single solution. You use ArcGIS with ArcSDE to implement your database design, specify feature behavior, add and edit geodatabase contents, and manage geodatabases in a multi-user setting.

ArcSDE

ArcSDE is software installed on the server along with an RDBMS (DB2, Informix, Oracle, SQL Server) and facilitates the management of the geodatabase. It allows you to centrally manage and share your organizations large, multi-user geodatabase, or geodatabases. In a typical client/server configuration, the ArcSDE server is located with the centralized database on the network. ArcGIS can establish connections over the network to work with the contents of the geodatabase. Requests come from the client, ArcGIS, to ArcSDE, then from ArcSDE to the database. ArcSDE handles all queries on the server machine and serves the result to the client.



Elements within the geodatabase

Geodatabase

Survey datasetsSurvey folder Survey

Raster datasets

Data Integrity rulesAttribute defaultsAttribute domains Split/Merge policy

Connectivity rulesRelationship rulesTopology rules

Tables

Spatial reference

RouteDimension

Feature classes

Relationship classes

Topology

Geometric networks

Feature dataset

Raster catalogs

PolygonLinePointAnnotation

Toolboxes

Tool Model Script

Inside the geodatabase

The geodatabase is a container of geographic data objects and is often referred to as a workspace. The various types of objects it contains are discussed below.

Tables store non-spatial objects like parcel owners or work order information.

Feature classes are collections of lines, points, or polygons. Specialized feature classes are used to store annotation and dimension features.

Subtypes are optional groupings of objects within a table or feature class that have specific rules assigned to them, like attribute domains or topology rules.

Feature datasets are containers for feature classes (never tables) that share a common spatial reference (projection and coordinate system). They are required for networks and topologies.

Raster datasets are gridded data derived from a variety of source formats (IMG, JPG, etc.).

Raster catalogs are tables that reference a collection of raster image files

Relationship classes manage thematic relationships between feature classes, tables, or a combination. They enforce referential integrity between the origin and destination classes.

Geometric networks are specialized topological relationships between line and point feature classes that are used to perform certain types of analysis, like a shortest-path trace.

Toolboxes hold geoprocessing tools used in the ArcGIS geoprocessing framework.

Topologies are spatial relationships within or between feature classes that are used to find and fix spatial errors, like parcels that overlap one another or that are not within a county.

Rules may be created to define legal attribute values, thematic relationships between classes, topological relationships between features, and connections between network features. Rules may be assigned to subtypes of objects in tables or feature classes.



Feature geometry x,y coordinates are required

Define vertex position in 2D space

All vertices have them

z values are optionalNormally used for elevation

Must set Contains z values

m values are optionalNormally used for linear

referencing measures

Must set Contains m values

YX

Z

Accident at mile 10.64Accident at mile 10.64

Feature coordinates

The geodatabase may store x, y, z, and m coordinates for every vertex that makes up a feature. All coordinates may be set or changed by editing the vertex coordinates in ArcMap.

x,y coordinates: All vertices must have x and y coordinates to locate them in 2D space. You do not do anything special to enable x,y coordinates. The values may be positive or negative, in geographic units (longitude and latitude as decimal degrees, minutes or seconds), or in map projection units (feet, meters, etc.). The x,y coordinate values are set by importing, loading, or digitizing features.

z coordinates: Z coordinates are normally used to store values like elevation or rainfall for a vertex. If you want z coordinates, you must set the Contains Z values property to True for the feature classes shape field; you cannot change either the Z or M storage after you have created the feature class. The values may be positive or negative, and in any appropriate units (feet, meters, etc.). Z coordinate values are set by importing or loading a 3D shapefile, or by draping a feature class over a surface.

m coordinates: M coordinates are normally used to store a linear measure from a defined origin for a vertex in a line. They are used by the linear referencing tools in ArcMap to locate events along a line, like a car accident that occurred at mile 10.64 on the freeway. If you want m coordinates, you must set the Contains M values property to True for the feature classes shape field. The values may be positive or negative, and in any appropriate units (miles, minutes, etc.). M coordinate values are set by importing or loading a coverage route system, or by using the linear referencing tools in ArcMap.



Features may be multipart Points, lines, and polygons may be single or multipart

All part coordinates are stored in the same SHAPE field

Enclosed polygons are multipart features

GRASSLAKE

Hole is part 2Hole is part 2

Add the lake asanother polygonAdd the lake asanother polygon

GRASS

Outside is part 1Outside is part 1

One record in feature class tableOne record in feature class tableFeature with many partsFeature with many parts

Features may be multipart

Feature classes can store multipart features. A multipart feature has more than one shape but only references one record (and set of attributes) in the database. In the example, the polygon shapes representing the seven major islands of Hawaii are grouped into a single feature. ArcMap has tools for adding multipart features, merging selected features into a multipart feature, and exploding multipart features into their constituent parts.

Multipart points

If you want to store multipart points (like multiple wells making up a well field), you must set the Geometry Type field property for the Shape field to Multipoint. This is because the geodatabase stores single and multipart points differently. However, all line and polygon feature classes automatically support multipart features.

Holes in polygons

Multipart polygons must be used to represent areas that are completely contained within another area. For example, a soil polygon may have a lake in the middle of it. In an ArcMap edit session, you would digitize the outline of the soil polygon as the first part, then the hole for the lake as the second part. You would then digitize a separate lake polygon to fill in the hole. Parts may be nested as deeply as you want. To continue the example, the lake may have an island, which in turn has a lake, and so forth. Conversion of polygons in shapefile or coverage format automatically creates multipart polygons when needed.

Not supported for networks

Geometric networks do not support multipart lines; traces do not properly traverse them. A warning is issued if they are found in an input line feature class while building the network, but the multipart lines will remain intact. The ArcMap Network Editing toolbar has tools to find multipart lines, and the Advanced Editing toolbar has tools to explode them.



Spatial reference Property of a feature class or feature dataset

Defines feature class coordinatesRequired for standalone feature classes and feature datasets

Consists of:Geographic coordinate

system

Shape of the earth Radius, spheroid, etc. NAD83, HPGN, etc. You may change

Projected coordinate system

3D earth to 2D map Origin, units, etc. Lambert, Albers, etc. You may change

X

Y

Coordinate domains for x/y, z and m

Controls coordinate storage Precision Extent You may not change

The spatial reference

The spatial reference is a collection of properties that define the coordinates used to store feature geometry. It is required for standalone feature classes and for feature datasets.

Geographic coordinate system (GCS)

The GCS documents the shape of the earth: the datum (NAD27, HPGN, etc.), the lengths of the axis of the spheroid, and so forth. You should set the GCS if you store your data in latitude and longitude. ArcGIS supports about 350 GCSs, each of which is optimized for a specific location on the earth (Africa, North America, etc.).

Projected coordinate system (PCS)

The PCS documents how the positions on the earths surface are translated into 2D positions on a map. A PCS defines the projection (Lambert, UTM, etc.), the coordinate units, and other parameters. It also includes a GCS; for example, an Albers projection for the United States may be based on NAD27 or NAD83. ArcGIS supports about 1,700 PCSs.

Coordinate domainsvery important

The precision and extent properties of the coordinate domains are used to scale and shift your datas coordinates for storage as integers in the features Shape field. As such, these are very important settings, and you must determine them before you create any feature classes or feature datasets for a new geodatabase. The following slides show you how.

Changing the spatial reference

The GCS and PCS document your data and may be changed. For example, if you set the wrong PCS when you define a feature dataset, you may change it in ArcCatalog (this will NOT re-project the data, just change the description). However, the coordinate domains control the actual storage of the coordinates and cannot be changed; if you get it wrong, you must create a new feature class and transfer the old data into it.



Four ways to build geodatabase schemaDatabase designWhat data?Spatial reference?Classes & subtypes?Relationships?Networks?Rules?

Load data

(set topology rules)

3 Create schemawith CASE tools

1 Create schemawith ArcCatalog

wizards

4 Create schemain geoprocessing

framework

2 Import data

Build subtypesBuild networks

Set data integrity rules

Domains Connectivity Relationship Topology

Four ways to build geodatabase schema

Schema refers not to the data it contains but to the structure of a database: the database tables, their names, their fields, field data types, and so on. The schema of a geodatabase is its tables, feature datasets, feature classes, subtypes, relationships, and more.

Once you have designed your geodatabase, ArcGIS provides four ways to build its schema:

Create schema with ArcCatalog: ArcCatalog has wizards to help you create everything that the geodatabase can contain. If you cannot do it with ArcCatalog, it cannot be done.

Create schema by importing data: The process of importing tables, coverages, shapefiles, and so on creates the schema for the corresponding geodatabase tables or feature classes. The ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox wizards allow you to modify the schema as part of the import process. Importing data creates schema only for a table or feature class; you must use the ArcCatalog wizards to create other elements, like relationship classes, networks, and rules.

Create schema with CASE tools: You may choose to define the content and structure of a geodatabase using third-party Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools like Microsoft Visio or Rational Rose. You use these tools to create a visual UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram, or model, of the database, then use the ArcCatalog Schema Wizard to read the model and generate the corresponding geodatabase elements from it. The CASE tools cannot create certain types of geodatabase elements, like annotation feature classes and raster datasets. However, they may be used to manage the database over time; for example, you can add new tables or feature classes to the model, then re-apply the model to an existing geodatabase to create the new elements.

Create schema in the geoprocessing framework: You may also decide to generate the schema of a geodatabase using the various geoprocessing tools available in ArcGIS geoprocessing framework. You could use several different methods: i) ArcToolbox tool dialogs; ii) command line; iii) ModelBuilder environment; and or iv) scripting environment.



Feature datasets Contain feature classes

All share the same spatial reference

Never tables - no geometry

Required to model spatial relationshipsGeodatabase topology

Geometric network

Optional for organizationGroup feature classes for management

(behave like folders in ArcCatalog)

Feature datasets

Feature datasets are containers for feature classes that impose the same spatial reference on all the contained feature classes. That is, all the feature classes have the exact same projection, coordinate system, and coordinate domains.

Required for networks and topologies

A common spatial reference is required for creating spatial relationships between feature classes, like topologies or networks. Feature datasets enforce this requirement.

Optional for organization

Feature datasets behave like folders in ArcCatalog, and may be used to organize thematically related feature classes for ease of use. For example, you could create a Hydrology feature dataset to contain feature classes for lakes, wetlands, springs, and rivers.

Feature datasets and feature class names

Geodatabase tables and feature classes are really just tables in an RDBMS, and feature datasets are really just associations between feature classes and the defined spatial references, which are stored as rows within another internal table. In other words, a feature dataset is not really a container at the physical database level. For this reason, all feature classes (and tables) in a geodatabase must have unique names, whether they are in a feature dataset or not.

Feature datasets and other classes

Tables do not have geometry and cannot participate in spatial relationships, so they cannot be created in a feature dataset. However, networks and topologies are stored in the same feature dataset that contains the participating feature classes, and relationship classes are also stored in a feature dataset if the feature dataset contains both the origin and destination feature classes.

Data Collection, Editing and Prod

DCEP_1.0_Lecture1

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