Cc h qun tr c s d liuInstructor: Pham Thai Ky Trung, MCSE+, MCDBA, MCITP (Master of Management in IT - MMIT)Faculty of Science and TechnologyHoa Sen UniversityEmail: [email protected]
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*M hnh client-serverServerClientTruy vn c gi n serverKt qu c tr v my trmX l Truy vnTr kt qu cho ngi dngTruy vn ca ngi dng
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*M hnh client-serverServerClient2. Truy vn c gi n server4. Kt qu c tr v my trm3. x l Truy vn5. Tr kt qu cho ngi dng1. Truy vn ca ngi dng
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Cu trc d liu v cc thut ngM hnh c s d liu (CSDL)Mt CSDL l 1 tp hp nhiu bng quan h (relational table)Mi bng (table) l 1 tp hp nhiu ct (column) v 1 lng ty dng (row) Cc ct trong table c t tn theo m t cc c im ca i tng m table phn nhMi dng trong table l mt th hin ca i tng Mi ct c 1 min gi tr tng ng l tp hp cc gi tr c th xut hin trong ctC tn gi khc ct l trng (field) v dng l mu tin (record)
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Cc c tnh ca tableCc gi tr trong 1 ct -> kiu d liu / min gi trCc dng trong table khng c ging nhau.Phi t nht mt hoc nhiu ct trong table l gi tr duy nht phn bit cc dng vi nhau -> Ct ny l kha chnhTh t cc ct khng quan trngTh t cc dng khng quan trng
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Quan h (relatioship) v kha (key)Mt quan h l mt mi lin kt gia mt hoc nhiu table.Cc quan h c biu din di dng cc gi tr ca kha chnh (primary key) v kha ngoi (foreign key)Kha chnh l mt hoc nhiu ct trong 1 table c gi tr khc bit dng nhn din cc dng trong table
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Quan h (relatioship) v kha (key)Kha ngoi l mt hoc nhiu ct trong 1 table c gi tr ging vi kha chnh ca mt table khc. Quan h gia 2 table c thit lp bng cch so khp cc gi tr ca kha ngoi trong table ny vi cc gi tr ca kha chnh trong table kiaKha l khi nim trong m hnh CSDL quan h v chng cho php lin kt cc table li vi nhau
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Rng buc trn vn (RBTV)Ti sao c RBTV? Cc quy tc, rng buc -> RBTV (intergrity constraint)C 2 loi rng buc cn bnRng buc thc th (entity integrity)Rng buc tham chiu (referential integrity)
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Rng buc trn vn (RBTV)Ti sao c RBTV? Cc quy tc, rng buc -> RBTV (intergrity constraint)C 2 loi rng buc cn bnRng buc thc th (entity integrity)Rng buc tham chiu (referential integrity)
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Rng buc trn vn (RBTV)Rng buc thc th: gi tr ca kha chnh khng th NULL v phi phn bit. Bi kha chnh lun phn bit cc dng trong table, nn kha chnh lun lun phi c 1 gi tr.
Rng buc tham chiu: nu mt table c dng mt kha ngoi th mi gi tr ca kha ngoi hoc l NULL hoc phi trng vi cc gi tr c trong mt table khc c kha chnh l kha ngoi trn
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Cc i tng khc trong CSDLQHDatatype (kiu d liu)Stored-procedure (th tc lu tr): ging cc macro c vit bng cu lnh SQL v c lu tr di 1 tnUser-defined function (hm do ngi dng nh ngha): ging stored-procedureTrigger (by li): l cc stored-procedure c kch hot trc hoc sau khi thm, sa, xa d liu nhm m bo cc RBTVView (khung nhn) : l cc truy vn tham chiu ti mt hoc nhiu tableIndex (ch mc) : t chc d liu, tng tc ..
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Cc h QTCSDLTi sao cn c H QTCSDL (Relational Database Management System RDBMS) H QTCSDL l g?H QTCSDL qun l CSDL theo m hnh quan h do TS. E.F.Cold a ra.Lm th no truy xut v thao tc d liu?Mt s h QTCSDL thng dng:Oracel, Micrsoft SQL Server, IBM DB/2, SysbaseMySQL, PostgreSQL
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CNG VIC CA NGI QTCSDLCi t & cu hnh serverHoch nh v to cc databaseSao lu & phc hi databaseQun tr ngi dngCp pht quyn hn truy cpNhp xut d liuNhn bn d liuTi u ha hot ng ca serverKhc phc cc s c xy ra
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLCu lnh SELECTc dng chn d liu trong 1 table.Kt qu tr v c gi trong b kt qu c dng tableC php: SELECT Tn_Ct [,Tn_Ct] FROM Tn_Table
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLCu lnh INSERT INTODng thm 1 dng d liu mi vo table.C php: INSERT INTO Tn_table VALUES (gi_tr_1, gi_tr_2,.)Hay INSERT INTO Tn_table (Tn_ct_1,) VALUES (gi_tr_1,)
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLCu lnh UPDATEDng cp nht, chnh sa d liu c trong table.C php: UPDATE Tn_Table SET Tn_ct = gi_tr_mi [, Tn_ct=gi_tr_mi [,] WHERE Tn_ct = gi_tr_no_
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLCu lnh DELETEDng xa d liu c trong table.C php: DELETE FROM Tn_Table WHERE Tn_ct = gi_tr_no_ Lu : DELETE * FROM Tn_table Dng xa tt c cc dng trong table
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLT kha ORDER BYSp xp th t kt quORDER BY Tn_ctT kha AND, ORDng ni nhiu iu kin trong mnh WHERET kha BETWEEN..AND..Dng chn ra d liu t mt bin cho trc. Cc gi tr c th l s, vn bn hoc thi gian
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLT kha JOIN:Dng lin kt 2 table rt trch d liu t 2 tableCc table trong csdl lin h vi nhau thng qua cc kha v nh vy 1 phn d liu khng lp li trong csdl
INNER JOINLEFT JOIN: tt c cc dng trong table 1 ngay khi khi dng ko khp dng no trong table 2RIGHT JOIN: Tt c cc dng trong table 2 ngay khi dng khng khp vi 1 dng no trong table th nht
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLT kha GROUP BY v HAVINGCc hm gp (aggregate function) ca SQL.Cc hm gp khng th s dng trong mnh WHERE.S dng cc hm MAX, MIN, COUNT, SUM, AVGT tm hiu ROLLUP, CUBE, GROUPING, COMPUTE, UNION, EXCEPT, INTERSECT
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLTo ViewView l g? Cc kiu ViewThun li ca ViewHn ch ca ViewC php:CREATE VIEW Tn_ViewAS Cu Lnh SELECTGO
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLThay i ViewC php:ALTER VIEW Tn_ViewAS Cu Lnh SELECTGOXa View:C php:DROP VIEW Tn_View
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLStored Procedure l g?L tp hp cc pht biu T-SQLStored c thc thi ln u tin khng phi bin dch liChp nhn tham s nhp, tr v gi tr xut nh tham sCho php nhiu ngi dng lp li cng tc v mt cch nht qunStored Proc ca h thng, Stored Proc bn ngoi, Stored Proc do ngi dng nh ngha Khng nn t tn Stored Proc bt u vi tin t sp_
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLC php Stored Proc:IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name=DienthoaiLH AND type=p)DROP PROC DienthoaiLHGOCREATE PROC DienthoaiLHAS SELECT FROM Ten_Bang WHERE Dienthoai IS NOT NULLGO
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*CN BN V NGN NG VN TIN SQLC php Stored Proc c s dng tham s:IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name=DienthoaiLH AND type=p)DROP PROC DienthoaiLHGOCREATE PROC DienthoaiKH @sodt char(20)AS SELECT FROM Ten_Bang WHERE Dienthoai =@sodtGO
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*
Database Management Systems
Faculty of Science and TechnologyDatabase Management Systems*Q & A
Database Management Systems
***Cc gi tr cha trong table khng th chia nh hn na. C ngha l cc ct khng phi l cc mng hay cc nhm lp li. Nh cc thao tc d liu trn table s rt n gin.***Cc thao tc cp nht ln CSDL khng nn thc hin 1 cch ty tin, c th a CSDL n 1 trng thi khong mong mun, khng nht qun, khng cn phn nh ng th gii thc m n i din
Cc thao tc cp nht trn CSDL phi tun th mt s nguyn tc rng buc nht nh.*Cc thao tc cp nht ln CSDL khng nn thc hin 1 cch ty tin, c th a CSDL n 1 trng thi khong mong mun, khng nht qun, khng cn phn nh ng th gii thc m n i din
Cc thao tc cp nht trn CSDL phi tun th mt s nguyn tc rng buc nht nh.**Bn thn 1 d liu th ko em c li ch no cho ngi s dng, bi d liu c lu trn cc thit b lu tr theo nhng dng thc, cu trc m ngi bnh thng khng th hiu v s dng c. Ngoi ra khai thc tt thng tin lu tur74 torng SDL, ngi s dng i hi phi truy xut d liu mt cch nhanh chng, cp nht d liu phi m bo tnh nht qun, ng b. Nhng cng vic ny bn thn ngi s dng khng th m bo c, nht l trong h thng a ngi dng. Chnh v nhng l do ngi ta cn phi c h qun tr CSDL
H QTCSDL l 1 tp hp nhiu phn mm ng vai tr lm giao din trung gian gia ngi s dng v d liu c trong c s d liu.
Trung tm ca tt c cc h thng thng tin ngy nay do cc h thng RDBMS qun l
truy xut v thao tc d liu, RDMBS yu cu ngi s dng phi dng ngn ng truy vn tin SQL. y l 1 ngn ng phi th tc. im khc bit chnh gia SQL vi cc ngn ng lp trnh khc l cu lnh SQL cho bit cn phi thc hin thao tc g ln d liu ch ko phi thc hin thao tc nh th no.*