Breast Mass
Jan 01, 2016
History of the present illness1 year PTA • Breast mass, right
• Hard, marble-sized
• No breast pain, nipple discharge, changes in the appearance of the breast
4 months PTA • Enlargement of breast mass• 25 centavo coin
• Unrecalled antibiotics w/o relief
History of the present illness1 month PTA • Progressive enlargement of breast
mass• Tomato-sized
• Breast pain• Sharp, “kirot,” 3/10• Localized on breast mass• Few days before menses, lasting a few
minutes• Spontaneous relief
• Core needle biopsy: Invasive Ductal CA
• Advised surgery
Admission
Review of systems• General: (+) anorexia, (-) weight loss, fever, weakness, fatigue
• HEENT: (+) headache, (-) dizziness, enlarged LN
• Pulmonary: (-) dyspnea, hemoptysis, cough, wheezing
• Cardiovascular: (-) palpitations, chest pains, orthopnea
• Gastrointestinal: (-) jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, changes in bowel movement, tea-colored urine
• Genitourinary: (-) nocturia, dysuria, frequency, hematuria
• Musculoskeletal/Dermatologic: (+) myalgia, (-) back pain, arthralgia, rashes, pruritus
• Endocrine: (-) excessive sweating, heat/cold intolerance, polyuria, excessive thirst
Past medical history• No hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma
• No allergies
• No previous hospitalizations
• Removal of “pugita,” left eye (2003)
Obstetric and gynecologic history• G4P3 (3,0,1,3)
• Menarche at 13 years old
• ~28-30 day cycle
• Regularly menstruating• 3 days, consuming 3 regular pads/day• (-) dysmenorrhea
• LMP: February 13, 2012 (PMP: January 15, 2012)
• Oral contraceptive pills (1986-2000)
• Injectables (2009-2011)
Family history• Hypertension- mother, father
• Asthma- siblings
• Cancer• Bone cancer- uncle• Unrecalled cancer- aunt
• No diabetes mellitus, PTB
Personal and social history• Housewife, mother
• Married to an electrician, OFW
• Lives with husband and youngest child
• Nonsmoker
• Occasional alcoholic beverage drinker
• No history of illicit drug use
Physical examination• Conscious, coherent, cooperative
• Vital signs• 120/80 mmHg• 86 beats/ min• 20 breaths/min• 36.5C• VAS 0/10
• Weight 59 kilos, Height 153 cm
• BMI 25.2 kg/m2 (overweight)
HEENT• Anicteric sclerae, pinkish conjunctivae, no
• No tragal swelling or tenderness
• No nasal discharge
• Pinkish lips, moist oral mucosa, no lesions or sores, no tonsillopharyngeal congestion
• No cervical lymphadenopathies, non-palpable thyroid gland
Breast No lesions or scars on the chest
Symmetrical breasts
Pinkish-brownish nipple, no skin dimpling/ retractions
7 cm x 5 cm mass on the upper outer area of the right breast Hard, non-tender Well-circumscribed Movable Smooth borders 11 to 2 o’clock position
No enlarged axillary or supraclavicular lymph nodes
No nipple discharge
Pulmonary• Symmetric chest expansion, no retractions
• Equal tactile fremiti
• No dullness on percussion
• Good air entry, clear breath sounds
Cardiovascular• Adynamic precordium
• PMI at 5th ICS, left MCL
• Normal rate and regular rhythm, distinct S1/S2, no murmurs
• No carotid bruits
Abdomen• Soft, flabby abdomen without scars
• Normoactive bowel sounds
• Tympanitic
• No tenderness
• Non-palpable liver edge
• No masses
• (-) CVA tenderness
Extremities• No rashes/ skin lesions
• Warm extremities
• Good skin turgor
• Full and equal pulses
• No cyanosis, no clubbing
• CRT < 2 seconds
Neurologic• Awake, alert, well-groomed
• Oriented to 3 spheres
• GCS 15
• No cranial nerve deficits
• MMT: 5/5
• DTRs: 2+
Differential diagnoses• Breast cyst• Common in those in their 40s, perimenopausal• Cyclic breast pain• Breast mass• Firm• Well-demarcated• Mobile
Differential diagnoses• Fibroadenoma• Common in the those <30 years• Breast mass• Usually solitary• Rubbery• Round or lobulated• Nontender• Mobile
Diagnostics• Ultrasound of the breast• Solid vs. cystic
• Fine needle aspiration• Diagnostic and therapeutic for breast cysts• If suspected cyst proves to be a solid lesion, then
material for biopsy may be obtained instead.
Invasive ductal carcinoma• Most common
malignant tumor (80%)
• Most often present as a palpable mass or mammographic abnormality
• Feel like a hard, bumpy, movable, irregularly-shaped lump beneath the areola
Risk factorsReproductive factors
Age at menarcheMenstrual cycle characteristicsPregnancy and age at first full-term pregnancy
NulliparousLate age at first full-term pregnancy
Number and spacing of birthsLactation/ breastfeedingAge at menopause
Risk factorsOral contraceptives
Duration of useUse before a first full-term pregnancy or at an early age
Postmenopausal hormone use
Dietary factorsDietary fat intakeObesityDietary fiberVitamin AAlcohol: >1 drink/day
Risk factorsPhysical activity: >3 hours/week
Ionizing radiation
Environmental pollutionOrganochlorinesActive and passive smokingSilicone breast implants
Family history (mother and sister, first degree relative)
Jewish heritage
Benign breast disease
Invasive ductal carcinoma• Has a tendency to metastasize via lymphatics• Lymph nodes• Contralateral breast• Liver• Lungs• Bones (vertebra)• Brain
DiagnosticsCBC and blood typing
Hemoglobin 133 g/L
Hematocrit 0.4
WBC 5.1 x 109/L
Neut 0.60
Lymph 0.37
Eos 0.03
Platelet Adequate
Blood type A +
Urinalysis
Color Yellow
Turbidity Slightly turbid
pH 5.5
Sp. Gr. 1.025
Albumin Negative
Sugar Negative
Pus 4-8/hpf
RBC 0-2/hpf
Epithelial cells Few
Bacteria Occasional
Urates Few
Mucus Many
Modified radical mastectomy To avoid ay chance of local/regional
recurrence
To maximize options for breast reconstruction
Most widely used surgical procedure to treat operable breast cancer
Removes the breast, surrounding tissue and nearby lymph nodes
Leaves the pectoralis major intact
Avoids disfiguring hollow defect below the clavicle