Day1 2 5

• 1. Geological and Hydrogeological Maps And Groundwater Quality Maps

2. Groundwater Resources 1:1,000,00 0 Groundwater Pollution and Vulnerability 1:1,000,00 0 The Pre-Kalahari Geological Map 1:1,000,00 0 Namibia Geological Map 1:1,000,00 0 Hydrogeological Map 1:1,000,00 0 Hydrogeological Map 1:2,000,00 0 Groundwater Resources Map 1:2,500,00 0 HM Nossob 2419 1:500,000 HM Vryburg 2522 1:500,000 HM Kimberly 2722 1:500,000 HM Upington- Alexander Bay 2718 1:500,000 Isopach Map of the Kalahari Group 1:2,500,0 00 3. Age million years ago Era Supergroup Group/Formation 2,500 Archean Various groups of rock formations Geological Time Rocks considered in Molopo-Nossob Basin 4. Botswana Namibia South Africa This Report Dolerite intrusions and dykes Dolerite intrusions and dykes Dolerite intrusions and dykes Dolerite Sills Stormberg lava Kalkrand Drakensberg Stormberg Ntane Fm Etjo Clarens FM Ntane Mosolotsane Fm Neu Loore Mosolotsane Beaufort Kule Fm Beaufort Otshe Fm Auob Auob Ecca Kobe Mukorob Mukorob Ncojane Nossob Nossob Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka Karoo Supergroup 5. Cross Section along the SAB, Namibia < Fig.2-1 Geological Cross Section of Study Area > 6. Thickness of the Kalahari Beds 7. Borehole yield 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 1 0 L o g ( Y i e l d ) m 3 / h 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Probability% D o lo m it e K a n y e O lif a n t s h o e k B o t s w a n a B a s a lt S A B ( 6 9 ) ( 1 6 ) ( 1 3 ) 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 1 0 L o g ( Y i e l d ) m 3 / h 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Probability% K a la h a r i S A B K a la h a r i B o t s w a n a ( 3 8 ) ( 3 7 ) 8. Borehole yield 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 1 0 L o g ( Y i e l d ) m 3 / h 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 Probability% N t a n e N c o j a n e N o s s o b S A B D w y k a B o k s p it s ( 1 2 ) ( 7 ) ( 7 ) 9. Borehole yields Ecca 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 1 0 L o g ( Y i e l d ) m 3 / h 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Probability% N c o ja n e K a n g D u t lw e S A B B o k s p it s ( 4 2 ) ( 3 8 ) ( 2 1 ) ( 1 9 ) ( 4 8 ) E c c a b o r e h o le s 10. Borehole yields m3 /h 0 .0 1 0 .1 1 1 0 1 0 0 Y ie ld m 3 /h K a la h a r i - B o t s w a n a K a la h a r i - S A B B a s a lt - S A B N t a n e - N c o ja n e E c c a - D u t lw e E c c a - N c o ja n e E c c a - S A B E c c a - B o k s p it s N o s s o b - S A B D w y k a - B o k s p it s O lif a n t s h o e k - B o t s w a n a D o l o m it e - K a n y e E c c a - K a n g 11. Country Yield Classes (median borehole yield) 18 m3 /h 15 m3 /h 0.0-0.1 l/s 0.1-0.5 l/s 0.5-2.0 l/s 2.0-5.0 l/s >5.0 l/s Used Medium High Borehole Median Yield Classes Used 12. Groundwater Potential Map over Molopo-Nossob Basin 13. Transmissivity Ecca 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 1 0 L o g ( T ) m 2 / d 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Probability% N c o ja n e A ll t o g e t h e r B o k s p it s D u t lw e ( 1 1 ) ( 1 7 ) ( 6 8 ) ( 4 0 ) E c c a b o r e h o le s 14. Transmissivity (T) versus Borehole Yield (Q) 15. Transmissivity Ecca 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 T r a n s m i s s i v i t y m 2 / d a y E c c a - D u t lw e E c c a - B o k s p it s E c c a - A ll t o g e t h e r E c c a - N c o ja n e 16. Groundwater Quality Parameters Considered for the Molopo- Nossob Basin: Total Dissolved Solids, TDS Nitrate NO3 Fluorid F Chloride Cl (only for recharge assessment, CMB) 17. Country Data bases containing information of TDS, NO3 , F and Cl in groundwater Botswana National Borehole Archive Water Quality database Investigation reports over selected areas Namibia Groundwater database GROWAS South Africa Water Management System 18. WHO 1993 Botswana, 2000 Guide- line Value Class 1 Ideal Class 2 Acceptable Class 3 Max. Allowable mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l TDS 1,000 450 1,500 2,000 NO3 45 45 45 45 F 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 19. Namibia, 1991Namibia, 1991 South Africa, 2006South Africa, 2006 Group A Excellent Group B Good Group C Low Health Risk Group D Unsuitable Class I Operational Class II Max allowable for limited duration mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 975* 1,950* 2,600* >2,600* 180 45** 45-90** 1.5 2.0 3.0 >3.0