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September 12th
Last time
Macromolecules carbs, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
Basics of cells
THE EXAM
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How did you feel about the exam?
1. I was ready, and I did well
2. I was ready, but I didnt do well
3. I wasnt sure I was ready, but I feel I did well4. I wasnt ready, and I bombed!
5. IDK???
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Humans, deep down, maybe part bacteria.
How can that be?
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3-4. All cells are bordered by plasmamembranes.
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Why are plasma membranes suchcomplex structures?
They perform several critical functions.
Food and nutrients in
Water in
Waste out
Export molecules
Absorb or release heat
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3.5 Molecules embedded within the plasmamembrane help it perform its functions.
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What determines whether a protein resides on thesurface or extends through the bilayer?
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There are four primary types of membraneproteins, each of which performs a different
function.
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The Plasma MembraneFluid Mosaic
In addition to proteins, two other moleculesare found in the plasma membrane:
1. Short, branched carbohydrate chains
2. Cholesterol lipid (keeps it flexible)
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3.6 Faulty membranes can causedisease.
Cystic Fibrosis
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3.7 Membrane surfaces have a
fingerprint that identifies the cell.
Cells with an improper fingerprint arerecognized as foreign and are attacked by
your bodys defenses.
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Why is it extremelyunlikely that a
person will catch
HIV from casualcontactsuch as
shaking handswith
an infectedindividual?
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Diffusion and Concentration Gradients
Solutes
Solvents
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How do laxatives relieve constipation?
Milk of magnesia and magnesium salts
Water moves via osmosis from the cells
into the intestines.
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Three types of endocytosis:
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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How can a lack of communicationbetween cells lead to cancer?
Contact inhibition
Tumors
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Plasmodesmata
Tube-like channels connecting the cells toeach other and enabling communicationand transport between them
Consider a plant as one big cell?
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3.14 Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton:the cells internal environment,
physical support, and movement.
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Cytoskeleton:Three Chief Purposes
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Endosymbiosis
Mitochondria may have existed asseparate single-celled, bacteria-likeorganisms billions of years ago.
Mitochondria have their own DNA!
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We all have more DNA fromone parent than
the other.
Who is the bigger contributor:mom or dad?
Why?
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Lysosomes
round, membrane-enclosed, acid-filledvesicles that function as garbage disposals
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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How can long-term use of onedrug increase your resistance to
another, different drug that youhave never encountered?
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3.18 Golgi apparatus: Where the cellprocesses products for delivery
throughout the body
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3.19 The cell wall
provides additionalprotection and supportfor plant cells
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3.20 Vacuoles:multipurposestorage sacs for
cells
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3.21
Chloroplasts:the plantcells power
plant
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