Day 3 Rwanda 1960s-1970s

Day 3Rwanda 1960s-1970s

Berlin Conference 1884

WWI 1917

King Yuhi 1896-1931 T

King Mutara 1931-1959 T

King Kigeli 1959-1960 T

Gregoire Kayibanda 1960-1973 H

Juvenal Habyarimana 74-1994 H

Paul Kagame 2000-Present T

Social Revolution 59-61

59-61 Social Revolution

1. Led by Kayibanda leader of PARMEHUTU2. In 1957 UNAR wanted monarchist party,

calling for immediate self-government from Belgium.

3. Hutu Manifesto demands political power4. Belgium and Hutu align with Kigeri to place

Tutsis in charge.5. Compared to Holocaust, Armenia and

Cambodia this event would be comparable to…

Hutu in Tutsis out

Gregoire Kayibanda as Leader

1959 Social RevolutionFirst Hutu in powerPARMEHUTU GroupShows favoritism

Juvenal Habyarimana

Leads MRND and removes Kayibanda from power early 1970s

In power from 1972-1994

Will he advocate for a Rwanda for Hutu or a Rwanda for Rwandans?

Hutu Groups

In June 1957, they formed the Hutu Social Movement, which, in 1959, became the Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement (Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu—Parmehutu). Parmehutu thereupon set a policy of ending Tutsi rule and abolishing the feudal system.

Hutu Groups

In 1975, President Habyarimana founded and became party president of the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (Mouvement Révolutionnaire Nationale pour le Développement—MRND), which became the nation's only legal party.

Hutu Groups

Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR). The latter, headed by Martin Bucyana, was charged with provoking the 1994 massacres.

Hutu GroupsHutu

Parmehutu: Created in 1957 with help of Christian missionaries. Creates Hutu Manifesto suggesting a governmental change. This is the first Hutu group to gain power.

MRND: Controls Rwandan politics by removing Kayibanda from power. Group led by Habyarimana and in power until the genocide was stopped by the RPF.

CDR: 1990 Hutu right organization believing no peace with Tutsi can ever be made. Educated and training of Interhamwe.

Interhamwe Militia group consisting of young adults. Responsible for killings on the ground.

FAR: Rwandan armed forces was the Rwandan military. Trained by Belgium and France.

Tutsi Groups

The Rwanda National Union Party (Union Nationale Rwandaise—UNAR), founded in September 1959 by Prosper Bwanakweli and backed by the mwami, was the leading monarchist party, calling for immediate self-government and independence under a hereditary (Tutsi) constitutional monarchy.

Tutsi Groups

The Tutsi refugee intelligentsia set up the region's first political refugee organization, the Rwandese Alliance for National Unity (RANU), to discuss the possible return to Rwanda.

Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), the armed wing of the RPF, deserted their posts in the Ugandan army and invaded northern Rwanda.

Tutsi Groups

Patriotic Front of Rwanda abbreviated as RPF is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame.

Tutsi GroupsTutsi

RANU: Created in 1979 by exiled Tutsis trying to return to Rwanda. Group created in Uganda. Rwandan alliance for national unity in Uganda. Group consists of intellectuals.

RPA: Rwandan Patriotic Army. A Tutsi army in Uganda that wants to return to Rwanda after being kicked out of Rwanda in 1959.

RPF: Rwandan Patriotic Front created when RANU and RPA merge. The same organization to attack Rwanda in the early 90s. Credited for ending the genocide and removing Hutus from power.

THE DOUBLE GENOCIDE

Rwanda Hutus kill Tutsi in 1994

Vs.

Burundi Tutsi kill Hutu in 1972

THE DOUBLE GENOCIDE

What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.Or does it explode?

Madame Agathe

Female primeminister afterMR. H plane crash April 6, 1994 she was killed April 7th

According to the Bagosora Trial Judgment, “Shortly before noon, soldiers discovered Mme Uwilingiyimana in her hiding place. Other soldiers in the area heard the applause and shouts of joy and knew that she had been captured. She came out quickly and without struggle, apparently because she wanted to protect her children who were hiding in the same area. She tried to persuade the soldiers to take her to the military camp. A small group, including some from southern Rwanda, were willing to do so. Others refused and wanted to execute her immediately. Captain [Jean Morgan] Hategekimana reportedly arrived and gave the order to kill her on the spot. A lieutenant of the National Police, who was in training to become a judicial officer, shot the prime minister, blowing away the left half of her face. Witnesses who came to the house soon after found her nearly naked body on the terrace and carried it into the house. Another witness who passed an hour or so later found that her dressing gown had been thrown up over her upper body and that a beer bottle had been shoved into her vagina.”

Théoneste BagosoraEstablished Interhamwe

Military officer

Assumed power of Rwanda after Madame Agathe was assassinated

Refused to stop the killing of Tutsis until the RPF stopped attacking Rwanda