The CompanyIntake Screening EquipmentMaterial HandlingSystemsTube Cleaning Systems& Debris FiltersPolyurethaneCoatingsEstablished in 1974 as a trading house, MACMET has since expanded its activities into Construction Engineering and execution of Turnkey Projects for steel, power and cement sectors, Custom built equipment manufacture and Polyurethane Coatings.
INNOVATIONS IN LIGHTNING PROTECTION
PHENOMENON OF LIGHTNING
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
Phenomenon of Lightning
LIGHTNING MODELS
Geometrical MethodElectro-Geometrical Model
Lightning Models
Lightning Models
Lightning Models
Sketch 15 leftLightning Models
Lightning Models
Lightning ModelsRadii of Protection provided by a Simple Rod
Height of Simple Rod (m)235Radii of Protection (mm)Level 1 (D=20 m for 3 KAmp)81113Level 2 (D=45 m for 10 KAmp)131621Level 3 (D=60 m for 15 KAmp)151924
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTNING CURRENTThe intensity of lightning current may vary from 2 KAmps to 200 KAmps with distribution generally as under:
1% Lightning strokes exceed 1,00,000 Amps10% Lightning strokes exceed 80,000 Amps50% Lightning strokes exceed 28,000 Amps90% Lightning strokes exceed 8,000 Amps98% Lightning strokes exceed 3,000 Amps
Characteristics of Lightning
Characteristics of Lightning
ADVENT OFESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
WHAT IS AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR?
What is an ESE Lightning Conductor
What is an ESE Lightning Conductor
PROTECTION LEVELSDEFINED BY NF C 17 102
Level 1 3000 Amps (D=20m)Level 2 10,000 Amps (D=45 m)Level 3 15,000 Amps (D=60 m)Protection Levels
RADII OF PROTECTION PROVIDED BY AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR
Radii of Protection provided by An ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:Radii of Protection
Tip Height h (meters) above roof
2345Level I 25 45 60172632253848345064426379
Radii of Protection provided by an ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:
Radii of Protection
Tip Height h (meters) above roof
2345Level II 25 45 60233440344859466478578197
Radii of Protection provided by ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:Radii of Protection
Tip Height h (meters) above roof2345Level III 25 45 602636443950655272876589107
GENERATION-I : 1973 (BASED ON RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS)Development of ESE Lightning Conductors
GENERATION-II : 1985 (BASED ON ELECTRONIC EXCITATION)Development of ESE Lightning Conductors
GENERATION-III : 1993
ADVANCE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM BASED ON INTELLIGENT LOGIC ELECTRONICSDevelopment of ESE Lightning Conductors
SALIENT FEATURESOFGEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR
An Intelligent Systembased onComplex Logic Electronic Circuitrypowered by a battery on boardSalient Features
Able to detect in advanceExponential building of charges in the cloud,including its polarity (+) or (-)Salient Features
Based on Signals received,Generates high voltage charges of Opposite Polarityin the range of 35 to 45 kV at the tipsSalient Features
Upward Leaders aremany times more powerfulthan Gen-II ESE devices.
It can withstand wind velocities of cyclonic conditions ensuring continuity, repeatability and reproducibility.Salient Features
Powerful Upward Leaderachieves a triggering Advance Timingwhich is quicker than any other Gen-II ESE Device.
Hence, volume of protection is much LARGER.Salient Features
GEN III ESE Lightning Conductor is poweredby a 6 Volt Ni-MH Battery,which is constantly recharged by powerful day-light solar cells.Salient Features
GEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR is equipped with a self check circuit and a radio antenna which constantly transmits signals to indicate its health condition every 90 sec.
Salient Features
The radio signals can be picked up at ground level by a hand-held remote tele-tester.The radio signals can be picked up at ground level by a hand-held remote tele-tester.Salient Features
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF GENERATION III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR
During a thunder storm, the sensor evaluates the probability of impending lightning strike by sensing the following: a) Quantization of electrostatic charge; b) Rate of change of charges being built up c) Polarity of the charges.The data received is transmitted to the Signal Processing Module.The signal processing module analyses the data and transmits the same to the TIP Polarization Circuit through a Timer.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3
Earthing Systems
MeanwhileThe daylight cells keep the battery fully charged.The Battery excites the low voltage circuit to 600V.The Signal processing unit continuously assesses the Step 1 parameters through a feedback loop to re-confirm an impending lightning strike.If there is an exponential increase in the intensity of the descending leader (indicating that a lightning strike is eminent), the high voltage circuit is activated to step up the 600V to 35,000 45,000V at the tip.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3
This condition results in release of an upward streamer to meet the downward leader 25-60 m away from the tip.The lightning is thus channelised through a predefined passage via the down conductor and earthing arrangement safely.The entire electronics is constantly checked for proper functioning through an inbuilt self check circuit.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3
The condition is transmitted every 90 Sec through an inbuilt radio transmitter and an antenna on board. These signals can be picked up at the ground level with a hand held remote teletester. The teletester is actually a transreceiver capable of monitoring 729 different SATELIT-3 devices.The SATELIT-3 is powered by a 6 volt Ni-MH Battery, permanently recharged by indestructible flexible day light Solar Cells.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3
Typical Installations of SATELIT-3 Lightning Conductor
Radii of Protection provided by SATELIT-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:
Tip Height h (meters) above roof
2345Level ISatelit 3-25 Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-60172632253848345064426379
Radii of Protection provided by Satelit-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:
Tip Height h (meters) above roof
2345Level IISatelit 3-25Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-60233440344859466478578197
Radii of Protection provided by SATELIT-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:
Tip Height h (meters) above roof2345Level IIISatelit 3-25Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-602636443950655272876589107
Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor
DescriptionE S E(Generation II)Controlled SE(Generation II)Advance E S E(Generation III)Mfg. Companies and BrandsIndelec(Helita, Ingesco)PrevectronFranklinDuval Messien(Satelit +)ERICO(Eritech, Dynosphere)Duval Messien (Satelit-3)Strength of Upward leaderCan be broken by a thunder stormBetter than ESEAppx. 4.5 times more powerful than ESE and appx 2.5 times more powerful than CSESource of charge collection at the TIPDepends on natural surroundings and geometryDepends on natural surroundings and geometryTIP excited by high voltagecharges, generated by self powered electronic circuitry in reaction to intelligent processing.Response to lightning strokesGrounds ve lightning onlyGrounds ve lightning onlyGrounds both ve and +ve lightning by reversing the polarity in 140 micro sec.
Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor
Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor
Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor
GEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS are today protectingDefense Zone Zero installations, Nuclear Councils, Space Centres, Oil & Gas Refineries, international airports, telecom towers, super computers, intelligent buildings, museums, hospitals, heritage buildings, high rise complexes, etc.
GENERATION III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR is the precursor of a new generation of remote monitored ESE Lightning Conductors.
Macmet House10B, O C Ganguly Sarani, Kolkata 700 020, IndiaTel: 91-33-2281 6000, Fax: 91-33-2281 5566Email: [email protected], Web: www.macmet.com