Davis Social Links S. Felix Wu Computer Science Department University of California, Davis [email protected] http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/ ~wu/
Feb 14, 2016
Davis Social LinksS. Felix Wu
Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis
[email protected]://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~wu/
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 2
Internet • Basic datagram service between one IP
address and another• Routing: exchanging the information
regarding the address space and how to reach them.
• “Allow by Default”• Applications built on top of the services
– MySpace, Facebook, Orkut, SecondLife, LiveJournal, LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Skype, Google, Bittorrent, LimeWire, Youtube, IM,…
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Easy to Send & Receive
•Many, if not most, in our society can quickly learn how to use Email & Internet.
•You don’t need to understand the low level details (e.g., how SMTP, BGP, OLSR or AODV really works or what my current IP address is) before you can communicate with your friends as long as you know their identity!
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Urgent! Please contact me!FROM:MR.CHEUNG PUIHang Seng Bank LtdSai Wan Ho Branch171 Shaukiwan RoadHong Kong.
Please contact me on my personal box [[email protected]]
Let me start by introducing myself. I am Mr. Cheung Pui,director of operations of the Hang Seng Bank Ltd,Sai Wan Ho Branch. I have a obscured business suggestion for you.
Before the U.S and Iraqi war our client Major Fadi Basem who was with the Iraqi forces and also business man made a numbered fixed deposit for 18 calendarmonths, with a value of Twenty Four millions Five Hundred Thousand United State Dollars only in my branch. Upon maturity several notice was sent to him,…
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 5
ITRI considers this as a spam!
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Easy to Send & Receive
•Easy for both the good users and the spammers. (fair simplicity)
•The spammers abuse the “sending” right, while the good users have very limited options to counter back.–how easy can we change our email address?
–how often do we need to do that?•A “receiver” or “the owner of the
identity” should have some control.–But, that means also “burden” to the users.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 7
Easy to Send & Receive
•Easy for both the good users and the spammers. (fair simplicity)
•The spammers abuse the “sending” right, while the good users have very limited options to counter back.–how easy can we change our email address?
–how often do we need to do that?•A “receiver” or “the owner of the
identity” should have some control.–But, that means also “burden” to the users.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 8
Possible Ideas of Future Internet
• Allow by Default versus Deny by Default• Receiver versus Sender controllability• Reconsider the role of Service Providers
versus P2P
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DSL (Davis Social Links)
Principle:– Effective human communication
reflects the social/trust relationship and reputation within our society.
Design:– Can we integrate and enhance our
cyber communication system with the human social/trust model?
A B
A BFF F
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Social Networking
• Social Network services– Friendster, MySpace, Facebook,
Orkut, LinkedIn.. • Social Links, Interest Keywords,
Search & Community Services
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Social Networks: # of Users
• FaceBook ~34M• Friendster ~47M• Hi5 ~50M• LinkedIn ~12M• MySpace ~200M• Orkut ~47M• Yahoo! 360o ~4M• … among many others.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_sites
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Social Network Access Interfaces• FBML - Facebook Markup Language• FQL - Facebook Query Language• REST (REpresentational State Transfer)
Web API• FBJS - Implementation of Javascript on
the Facebook platform
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DSL (Davis Social Links)
Principle:– Effective human communication
reflects the social/trust relationship and reputation within our society.
Design:– Can we integrate and enhance our
cyber communication system with the human social/trust model?
A B
A BFF F
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The same message content
• “M” from Cheung Pui
• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing list
• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt
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Social Link Identification
• “M” from Cheung Pui Probably a spam• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing
list Probably not interesting• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt Better be more serious…
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Social Link Identification
• “M” from Cheung Pui Probably a spam• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing
list Probably not interesting• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt Better be more serious…Either “M” is important, orKarl’s machine has been subverted!
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A Social Link
representing a trust relationship between two directly communicating entities
Trust Attribute
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A Direct Social Link
Karl is a very well respected individual to me!I suspect that Karl is too busy to install the latest patches!
Trust Attribute
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Message Value & Prioritization
Application IDS
Link RanksReputationIncentives
Other Trust Metrics
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DSL (Davis Social Links)
One important goal:– Can we build a P2P social network
service?– Allows Search/Crawl and Control– Scalable and Secure/Robust– “Control” implies relatively more
dynamic social network!
A B
A BFF F
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A Path of Social Links
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Receiving an email via a Path of Social Links
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A Couple of Issues first…
• How to discover the social route path, if no direct social link exists?
• How to prevent spammers from easily discovering a large number of valid social paths?
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Social Keywords
Soccer, BGP, Davis, California, Intrusion Detection,…
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Social Keywords
Soccer, BGP, Davis, California, Intrusion Detection,…
Social keywords represents my interests and the semantic/social interpretation of myself.
Ownership
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Cultural & Natural Language
工研院 , BGP, 台灣 ,
Students, Committee, Soccer
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IP
• IP address is all we need to communicate and everything else is on top of IP.
• IP is global “routable” identity
• However, too simple to be perfect?!– Can we remove the need for global
routable identities?
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Identifier & Keyword
• Under DSL, each peer has its own decision or policy regarding what “social keywords” to announce, and it can change the announcement itself any time.
• NO global unique network-wide identifier– No unique IP address or email address in the
“network” layer– Identity only in the application layer
• Relative Peering relationship only– Local “link” identity
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DSL
• Let’s decide some of the “everything else”– Global Flooding (w/o GRI)
• Then, we decide the possible candidates for us to communicate– Scope-limiting
• Finally, we rely on the Application layer to nail down the “one” or “ones”.
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Multiple Social Links
BGP, Davis, California, Intrusion Detection,…
Soccer, Wine, Bike, Davis, California,…
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Policy-Driven Forwarding
BGP, Davis, California, Intrusion Detection,…
Soccer, Wine, Bike, Davis, California,…
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Propagation & Aggregation
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Aggregation
Ownership
Ownership
Similar to Scope-Limited Flooding in Gnutella/Freenet, but more scalable with aggregation.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 36
Scalability & Locality
Ownership
Ownership
football
soccer ???
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 37
Scalability & Locality
Ownership
Ownership
football
soccer Davis
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 38
How to find “content X”?
Owner of X Other Peers
Remember that under DSL there is no such thing called “global identifier”.
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Use the right “keywords for X”!
Owner of X Other Peers
Query
Davissoccer
soccer
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Layering
TCP/IP
Link
Application
IP-like
Traditional layer-2
Application
DSL Social Layer
Social Link
Layer-2
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A Social/Overlay Link
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Davis - Washington DC - Sacramento
• Social path discovery• Sending the real messages along the
path
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Route Discovery
.
.
.
.
Keywords and aggregated keywords
“content addressable emails”
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Function F(incoming) = outgoing
001 002
PotentialReceivers
PotentialSenders
incoming outgoingDSL IDDavis California Japan001
Japan Northern California002
003
Davis CANorthern California
Policy drivenMaybe itself a service
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 45
Forwarding: Source Routing
Sender:Data packet SR003, 001
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Forwarding: Source Routing
003
001
Sender:Data packet SR003, 001
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 47
Privacy and Accountability
• No single intermediate node will have the knowledge, at least in the network layer, about “who is talking to who on what”.– In DSL, no global identifier.
• However, the messages themselves contain sufficient information to trace back toward the “social path”, if necessary and nodes are collaborative.– BTW, this (tracing on a per packet/email basis) is
impossible for today’s Internet, even for “route path”.
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Problems with Overlay
• Triangle Overlay Routing– Davis, Washington DC, Sacramento– Traffic following the Social/Overlay path
• You can still bed DDoS’ed or Spammed!– IP/email addresses are still there.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 50
MANET in Airport, Train, Flight
Application
DSL Social Layer
Social Link
Layer-2Who has the 1307th piece of media X?Promotion on new Pizza toppings A,B, & C!Who has seen this lost baby girl in the past 3 minutes?Who wants to play OK-bridge or Warcraft-III?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 51
DSL-wifi
• Link Established– representing a neighbor relationship in the
application layer
A (WiFi) M (WiFi + WiMAX)B (WiMAX)
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MANET
• MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network)– Network Layer Identify
WiFi
WiFi
WiFi
WiFi
WiFi
WiFi
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 53
Infrastructure-less Content Sharing
• Conference/Meeting– File Transfer
• Infrastructure Infrastructure-less• Identification
B (WiMAX )
A (WiFi)
M (WiFi + WiMAX )
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 54
DSL Routing
MAC Layer
IP/Network Layer
Application/Service Layer
Transport Layer
WiFi WiMAX xDSL PON
PHY Layer
WiFi WiMAX xDSL PON
MAC Layer
Application/Service Layer
WiFi WiMAX xDSL PON
PHY Layer
WiFi WiMAX xDSL PON
Route and Discovery Layer
Transport Layer
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 55
DSL Keyword Propagation
E (WiFi)
S (WiFi)
C (WiMAX )
A (Bluetooth )
D (WiFi+WiMAX)
F (WiFi + WiMAX)
B (WiFi + Bluetooth )
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 56
A “Relative” Identity under DSL• “Key words” plus one DSL path
– Why will this be sufficient for communication?
– Especially, when even the DSL information itself is decentralized? (I.e., in general, no one single DSL router knows the complete DSL path.)
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DSL in a Social Network
Owner of X Other Peers
QueryAppTest
DavisSoccer
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Examples
• I want to find all the pizza places in Davis.– Can I do it without yet another service
provider?– How about “unpopular topics”?
• Can I find the contact information for Felix Wu in Davis (who is interested in soccer)?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 60
DSL vs. Google
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“Google”
• It’s about the “content”– Data-centric networking.
• Input to the Engine– A set of key words characterizing the target
document.• Output
– A set of documents/links matching the keywords
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 62
“DSL”
• It’s also about the “content”– Application will decide the mechanism to
further the communication.• Input to the Decentralized Engine
– A set of key words characterizing the target document (plus the aggregation keywords).
• Output– A set of DSL entities with the DSP (Davis
Social Path pointer) matching the keywords
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 63
DSL Search Engine
DSL Social World
Receiver orContent
Sender orReader
We are not just connecting the IP addresses!We are connecting all the contents that can be interpreted!
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 64
Google vs. DSL• Google is essentially a “routing”
framework between the contents and their potential consumers.
• Google decides how to extract the “key words” from your (the owner) web page or document.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 65
Google vs. DSL• Google is essentially a “routing”
framework between the contents and their potential consumers.
• Google decides how to extract the “key words” from your (the owner) web page or document.
• A DSL “owner/receiver to be” has the complete control over that. A balance between:– How I would like others to know about me?
• And, I might want different folks to know me in different ways!
– How I can differentiate myself from other Felix Wu?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 66
Applications
• 911-like scenarios (power/infrastructure)
• Commercial and non-Commercial Advertisements for the local community.
• Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Sharing without the Internet!
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 67
Unstructured P2P
Where is this piece of music?What is the location of this content?What is the current IP address of this skype user?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 68
Structured P2P
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DHT-based BT Tracker
Index key(Content-Dependent)
The owner of the identifier matching this hash entry will be the tracker for the corresponding index key!
Sharing/DownloadingFreeBSD 5.4 CD images
PUT & GET
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 70
DHT-based P2P
Index keyRouting from a key to an identifier
PUT & GET
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 71
DHT vs. DSL
• DHT– [Contents, Keys, Identifiers]– Conceptually, we have a global hash table!
• DSL– [Contents, Keys, Relative Identifiers]– Social/trust relationships along the route
path
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 72
No Unique Identifier!!!
• Two peers might announced exactly the same set of keywords!
• Both of them will receive the query, and this might not be a problem.
• Usually, end2end applications can tell which one (or ones) is really wanted.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 73
Trackerless BitTorrent
Owner of X Other Peers
QueryAppTest
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Tracker Volunteer
Volunteer Other Peers
QueryAppTest
Content/KeyTracker
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Tracker Volunteers
Volunteers Other Peers
QueryAppTest
Content/KeyTracker
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 77
DSL-Torrent
• How to seed your torrent?– Use DSL to search for all the volunteers– You can screen out “unqualified” trackers by
not contacting them. (owner controllability)• How to contact/select the tracker(s)?
– Use the keywords, of course– But, use the right aggregation keywords to
reach the trackers closer to the “UCDavis” social circle!
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Tracking the BT clients
• Seed• Tracker• With Trackerless, the inspector might
become the tracker itself to record all the IP addresses of the peers– Traceability vs. Privacy
• How about DSL-Torrent?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 80
Applications
• 911-like scenarios (power/infrastructure)
• Commercial and non-Commercial Advertisements for the local community.
• Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Sharing without the Internet!
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 81
Applications
• 911-like scenarios (power/infrastructure)
• Commercial and non-Commercial Advertisements for the local community.– What is a community?
• Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Sharing without the Internet!
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 82
Community-Oriented Social Network
• Peers sharing some common interests• Communities intersect• Community as a boundary for
information flow and policy
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 83
Community-Oriented Social Network
• Peers sharing some common interests• Communities intersect• Community as a boundary for
information flow and policy
• How to establish a community?• How to maintain the membership?• How to set the inter- & intra- community
policy?
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 84
Forming a Community
• “UCDavis as a community”• “When should we have a community for
Aggie?”– Davis, California, Aggie
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 85
Scope-Limiting Keyword Propagation
DavisSoccer
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Scope-Limiting Keyword Propagation/Flooding
DavisSoccer
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 87
Scope-Limiting Keyword Propagation/Flooding
DavisSoccer
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 88
Penalization on Spams
• If Karl had forwarded lots of junk mails to Felix, then Felix will lower the priority of the social link between them.
• Karl will be informed about the downgrade.
• Karl needs to investigate “which messages” (from which incoming DSLs) were causing the downgrade and penalize toward the sources.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 89
DSL Email
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DSL Route Discovery& Trust Management
DSL Forwarding Plane
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Parallel/Overlay Communication
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 92
DSL is an old idea!
We, as human, have been using similar communication principles. Maybe it is a good opportunity to re-think about our cyber communication system.
Identity is a per-application, context-oriented, and sometime relative issue.
Forming cyber communities of interests for application.
A B
A BFF
F
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 93
DSL is still an old idea!
Many applications already have “social network like” structure to enable P2P sharing across Internet.e.g., media sharing, on-line game, restaurant recommendation,…
Should we push these into a generic Social Network layer-3 to support all the applications?
A B
A BFF
F
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 94
A Different Internet?!• Current Internet: every IP address will
be able to communicate with every other IP address!– Allow by Default
• DSL-based “Internet”: we have a large number of “pairs” (two entities and their corresponding direct social link)– Deny by Default
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 95
Comparison
• IP/email:– Convergence to an absolute consistent state– IP/email addresses are all you need, but the
controllability is biased toward the sender• DSL:
– Convergence to a relative consistent state– No global network identity. Every DSL entity
defines its own relative identity based on origin keywords.
– Controllability is more balanced with other application challenges.
09/10/2007 Davis Social Links 96
Spam on DSL
• Still needs much more evaluation on how the spammer can exploit the DSL framework.
• But, maybe some spammers will no longer spam economically!– Social network will give the merchants much
better channels to send their advertisements!
– Using spam to deliver product information over DSL might seriously hurt the sales on the social channels.
– Still there will still be some global spam activities.
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Acknowledgement
Lerone BanksDimitri DeFigueiredo Felix HuangJuan Lang Xiaoming LuMatt SpearShih-Ming TsangShawn Ye
A B
A BFF
F
more info: [email protected]