Photonic Integration – Digital Optical Networks Dave Welch Chief Strategy Officer
Dec 23, 2015
Photonic Integration –Digital Optical Networks
Dave WelchChief Strategy Officer
OFC Monday March 6 | 2
Why Is Optical Transport Interesting?
$8B market through the downturnService providers care about it
Transport ≈50% of total service cost
IP still driving 70-100% annual traffic growthTransport carries everything, so benefits from any new apps
Ethernet, FTTx, IPTV, HD, VoD, VoIP, WiMax, 3G…
•The Challenge –•A cost structure that generates profits•Requires ~50% cost reduction per year
OFC Monday March 6 | 3
Today’s Optical Network
O-E-O is Expensive
Minimize O-E-O’s in“All Optical Network”
$$ $$ $$ $$ $$O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
New York Newark Philadelphia Baltimore Washington
OFC Monday March 6 | 4
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
Today’s Optical Network
O-E-O is Expensive
Minimize O-E-O’s in“All Optical Network”
Ultra-Long HaulTransport
OpticalAdd/Drop
All-OpticalSwitching
DCF PMDComp
GainFlattening Raman Tunable
LasersVOAs
The Analog Optical Network
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
• Complexity• Numerous analog elements, span engineering
• Inability to access information• Can’t add/drop, switch, mux, groom, or PM • -- required for revenue generation
• Cost• First-in capex, per-channel capex, opex
New York Newark Philadelphia Baltimore Washington
OFC Monday March 6 | 5
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
Why are OEO’s Expensive?Discrete Optics
OFC Monday March 6 | 6
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
100Gb/s Transmit
100Gb/s Receive
Infinera’s Solution: Photonic Integrated Circuits
PICs enable OEO conversion with no space, power, or cost penalty.
OFC Monday March 6 | 7
Today’s Optical Network
O-E-O is Expensive
Minimize O-E-O’s in“All Optical Network”
Ultra-Long HaulTransport
OpticalAdd/Drop
All-OpticalSwitching
DCF PMDComp
GainFlattening Raman Tunable
LasersVOAs
The Analog Optical Network
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-OO-E-OO-E-O
New York WashingtonNewark Philadelphia Baltimore
OFC Monday March 6 | 8
Photonic Integration: Eliminate cost penalty of O-E-OPhotonic Integration: Eliminate cost penalty of O-E-O
PICs Enable Digital Optical Networking
Embrace O-E-Os and electronicsSignal Clean-up / Switching / Grooming / Performance Monitoring
The Digital Optical Network
Embrace O-E-Os and electronicsSignal Clean-up / Switching / Grooming / Performance Monitoring
Multi-haulTransportMulti-haulTransport
Fully FlexibleAdd/Drop
Fully FlexibleAdd/Drop
Digital BandwidthManagement
Digital BandwidthManagement
NetworkingIntelligenceNetworkingIntelligence
The Digital Optical Network
New York Newark Philadelphia Baltimore Washington
• Simplified network and operations• Architecture, service delivery, network growth
• Flexible service delivery• Any service at any location without preplanning
• Improved Economics• Lower capex due to integration• Lower opex due to digital (rather than analog) architecture
OFC Monday March 6 | 9
A Different Approach: Digital OpticalUse (analog) photonics for what it does best: transmissionUse (digital) electronics for everything else
Consistent with every other network element: SONET/SDH, switches, routers, etc.
Carriers add value by managing bits
Digital Electronics& Software
•Signal regeneration•Error correction•Sub-λ add/drop•Protection•Multiplexing•Grooming & switching•Performance monitoring
Integrated Photonics
Integrated Photonics
OFC Monday March 6 | 10
100 Gb/s DWDM Large-Scale PIC Transmitter
Optical Output
100 Gb/s
CH1
CH10
VOA Arra
yEA
M A
rray
AW
G M
ultip
lexe
r
OPM
Arra
y
DC Electrical Bias and Control
10 x 10 Gb/sElectrical Input
Tuna
ble D
FBArra
y
PIC Architecture - Superwavelengths
OFC Monday March 6 | 11
Tx Module – Inside View
Tx-PIC:
Driver ASIC
OFC Monday March 6 | 12
10 Channel spectrum of the DFB Array • AWG response function superimposedDWDM Transmitter PIC Spectral Response
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1526 1530 1534 1538 1542Wavelength (nm)
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er (d
B)DFB Spectrum
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1526 1530 1534 1538 1542Wavelength (nm)
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er (d
B)DFB with AWG Spectrum Superimposed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OFC Monday March 6 | 13
Transmit PIC Wavelength Tuning
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
1544.5 1545.5 1546.5 1547.5 1548.5Wavelength (nm)
Pow
er (d
Bm
)
AWGPassband
OFC Monday March 6 | 14
Rx-PIC w/ TIA/AGC
OFC Monday March 6 | 15
Large-Scale PIC Reliability Data Summary
3,400,000 Hours of Field Operation (Tx + Rx Pairs) and Counting
With Zero PIC Failures
Corresponds to <300 FIT at 60% CL
And represents 34M channel hoursand >100M individual PIC element hours
0500
1000
1500200025003000
35004000
1Q05
2Q05
3Q05
4Q05
1Q06
May-06
Cum
ulat
ive
Hou
rs o
f PIC
Ope
ratio
n (0
00's
)
OFC Monday March 6 | 16
0
50
100
150
200
250
DRAM (NMOS)
Power Amplifers(GaAs HBT)
Microprocessor(CMOS)
Red-Orange-Yellow HB-LEDs (AlInGaP/GaAs)
Front-EndSwitches
(GaAs PHEMT)
Red-Orange-Yellow HB-LEDs (AlInGaP/GaP)
Blue-Green HB-LEDs (InGaN)
Ave
rage
Fin
ishe
d W
afer
Cos
t ($/
in2 )
19701985
Cost Comparison of Processed Semiconductor Wafer Technologies
1974
1991
1994
1990’s
Materials technology choice poses no fundamental limitation on processed wafer cost
1994
(date annotations show the year of first commercial production)
OFC Monday March 6 | 17
Relative Performance – Optics vs. Electronics
Optical Performance enhancement has very high 1st costOptical technologies also impose complex engineering, design rules and operational complexityGains available from electronics limited by how often OEO is implemented
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
3dB of e
xtra EDFA gain
Raman Pum
p
3000
ps/nm DCM
FEC
EDC
Rel
ativ
e C
osts
per
dB
Q
Optical Performance Enhancement
Electronic Performance Enhancement
OFC Monday March 6 | 18
Long-Haul Trends: Return to Growth
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1Q03 1Q04 1Q05
100G-Infinera40G10G2.5G
Total Gigabits per Second Shipped for LH DWDM Networks (Quarterly)
Source: Dell’Oro Group
LH Capacity Growth:2005: 66% 4Q05 vs. 4Q04: 90%
PICs 18% of all LH capacity in 2005; 26% of 10 Gb ports in Q4’05
OFC Monday March 6 | 19
Complexity & Limitations of ROADM Networks
32-40 λ WDM
Allocate bandwidth on ROADM ring using available λ’sExtending ROADM consumes λ’s end-end across network…Blocking consumes extra λ’s or requires OEO for λ conversionThis creates stranded bandwidth and faster capacity exhaustThis does not scale with….
Protection; Hundreds of demands; Larger networks; Nodal connectivityReconfigurability and flexibility is limited by end-end λ-blocking
OFC Monday March 6 | 20
Reconfigurable “Digital” Add/Drop
Switched WDM with affordable OEO sub-λ grooming at all nodes Removes wavelength blocking constraints – any point to any pointMaximizes WDM capacity on every linkNo stranded bandwidth, simpler planning & engineeringScales with network capacity, number of nodes, network size/distanceTruly flexible and reconfigurable networking
N x 100G WDMN x 100G WDM
N x 100G WDM
N x 100G WDM
OFC Monday March 6 | 21
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
Integration: Heart of a New Strategy
OFC Monday March 6 | 22
100 Gigabit Ethernet Has Begun
Ethernet performance has advanced ~10x every four years
100+ Gbps standardization started July 2005
Standard
Bit Rate (Mbps)
Year Standard Approved
Technology Leveraged
10BASE5 10 198310BASE-FOIRL 10 198710BASE-T 10 199010BASE-FL 10 1993100BASE-T 100 1995 FDDI100BASE-FX 100 1995 FDDI1000BASE-X 1,000 1998 Fibre Channel1000BASE-T 1,000 199910GBASE-R 10,000 2002 SONET10GBASE-T 10,000 2006?100GBASE-L10 100,000 >= 2008 DWDM
OFC Monday March 6 | 23
The Need for DWDM Superwavelengths
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1Q94 1Q96 1Q98 1Q00 1Q02 1Q04 1Q06 1Q08
Avg Wave Datarate Capacity between adjacent core routers
Gig
abits
per
Sec
ond
40Sub-λ Links
IP over SONET
λ LinksIP over DWDM
Super-λ LinksIP over PICs
OFC Monday March 6 | 24
Demonstration: 1.6 Tbps PIC
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Fibe
r Out
put P
ower
(dB
m)
1.5651.5601.5551.5501.545Wavelength (µm)
CH4 CH9 CH14 CH19 CH24 CH29 CH34 CH39
CH3 CH8 CH13 CH18 CH23 CH28 CH33 CH38
CH2 CH7 CH12 CH17 CH22 CH27 CH32 CH37
CH1 CH6 CH11 CH16 CH21 CH26 CH31 CH36
•Single Monolithic Chip•40 channel x 40 Gbps
OFC Monday March 6 | 25
Scaling of InP Device Data Rate in Telecom Transmission Networks
Dat
a C
apac
ity P
er C
hip
(Gb/
s)
Current IP Network CAGR: 70-100%
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
DMLEML
Tunable EMLwith SOA
DWDM PICs400 Gb/s
100 Gb/s
1.6 Tb/sDevelopmentDevices
Data rate per device has remained at 10Gb/s for past 10 years
Only Photonic Integration Enables Continued Cost-Effective Scaling of Network Capacity
Data rate has doubled every ~2.2 years
OFC Monday March 6 | 26
Optical Integration in Sync with Electronics
Optical IntegrationEnables low cost O-E-OEnables greater Density Optical systemFully compatible with other optical technologies
Electronic Integration100 Gb ICsBetter digital management10x Density
Integration is key to next generation capability
Feature benefitsCapacityCost structureReliability
Integration Drives Network Architecture
Thank You!