David Mason, Geoffrey Payne and Meskerem Brhane World Bank, Geoffrey Payne and Associates March 24, 2014 Land, land everywhere, but not a service to link: Land Policy and Urban Expansion in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Mar 29, 2015
David Mason, Geoffrey Payne and Meskerem Brhane
World Bank, Geoffrey Payne and
Associates
March 24, 2014
Land, land everywhere, but not a service to link: Land
Policy and Urban Expansion in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Presentation Overview
Introduction and Context
Literature on Title and Tenure Security
Mongolia: Legal and Institutional Context
Urban Expansion and Market Distortions
Conclusion and Next Steps
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Urbanization and Change in Mongolia
Large, scarcely populated Most urbanized in EAP regionMarket transitionProgressive land and shelter policy
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The Benefits of Land Title
Property rights are an important component of economic growth
Land title and poverty alleviation Limits to land title
Investment in land and housing independent of title
Title does not always influence collateralization
What else should be considered along with prior to land title?
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Land Administration System
Three types of rights afforded to land Possession rights (renewable) Ownership rights User rights (subject to frequent renewal)
UB residents allowed plot of up to 700m2 by law
Affordable, widely held by poor and ger area residents
Allocation of plots opaque
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Challenges with current system Availability of land has encouraged low-
density growth Large informal sales market in ger areas System does not record sales prices or
values Fees and taxes associated with land are
small and based on fixed values Banks do not want to collateralize plots Network infrastructure is incomplete and
access drives market prices
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Next Steps and Future Research Considerations for financing
infrastructure Reform land valuation and taxation system Tax apartments Incremental upgrading and
self-taxation/betterment districts Ongoing research
Improving description of informal markets in ger areas
Estimating value gained through infrastructure connections