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Datums & Coordinate Systems
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Datums and Coordinates

Dec 31, 2015

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UTM System coordinate describtion
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Page 1: Datums and Coordinates

Datums &

Coordinate Systems

Page 2: Datums and Coordinates

Objective

• Identify different datums

• Identify different coordinate systems

Page 3: Datums and Coordinates

Coordinate Systems

• Latitude and Longitude

• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

Page 4: Datums and Coordinates

Lat / Long Coordinate System

Latitude

Parallels of latitude

0° latitude

northlatitude

southlatitude

90°N

equator

Page 5: Datums and Coordinates

Lat / Long Coordinate System

Longitude

West Longitude

Meridians of longitude0° longitudePrime Meridian

Eastlongitude

Grenwich, England

Page 6: Datums and Coordinates

UTM Coordinate Systems

Allows projection of a spherical surface onto a flat surface

A plane coordinate system to relate the coordinates of points on earth’s curved surface with the coordinates of the same points on a plane or flat surface

Page 7: Datums and Coordinates

UTM Zones in North America174180 168 162 156 150 144 138 132 126 120 114 108 102 96 90 78 72 54606684 48

Page 8: Datums and Coordinates

“Figure” of the EarthBest-fit ellipsoid(e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)

Page 9: Datums and Coordinates

Datum and Ellipsoids

• Datum - represented by ellipsoid

• Reference ellipsoid examples: • Clarke 1866• GRS 80• WGS 84

Page 10: Datums and Coordinates

Common Geographic Datums

• NAD27• NAD83• WGS84• ITRF00

Page 11: Datums and Coordinates

NAD27: Clarke 1866 ellipsoidorigin in Kansas

Datum Origin

on Surface of

Earth

Ellipsoid Model based on less precise surveys

Page 12: Datums and Coordinates

NAD27: Leaving Behind • Invented Space Travel

• Increasing accuracy of surveys

• Shift from optical surveys to a mathematical model of the Earths shape

• The result is a specific point on the landscape can take on multiple meanings

Page 13: Datums and Coordinates

GPS Datum: WGS 84

Origin is at the Earth’s center of mass (geocentric)

This is the datum used for the NAVSTAR GPS satellites

Page 14: Datums and Coordinates

WGS84:WGS84 ellipsoidorigin center of earth

The origins of the WGS84 and NAD83 ellipsoids are at the center of the earth’s mass, which makes them ideal for a GPS datum

Page 15: Datums and Coordinates

Datum Adjustments• Known as Datum Adjustments or Epochs

• WGS84 (G1150) – most current version

• “Original” NAD83 = NAD83 (1986)– NAD83 (1992)– NAD83 (2002)– ……

• Most Current NAD83– NAD83 (CORS96) (Epoch 2003.00)

Page 16: Datums and Coordinates

Differences between Datums

NAD27 ≠ NAD83 (1986)

33 to 700 feet

Page 17: Datums and Coordinates

Differences between Datums• WGS84 = ITRF00

about 2cm

• NAD83 (CORS96) ≠ WGS84about 4.3 feet