2010 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET INFORM | EMPOWER | ADVANCE | www.prb.org POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU 60 The number of mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants worldwide. BY 2050, Japan’s population is projected to decline to 95 million from 127 million in 2010. 76% The percentage of people in urban areas worldwide who use improved sanitation. 2.5 The total fertility rate worldwide. TFRs range from 1.7 in more developed countries to 4.5 in the least developed countries.
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2010 World PoPulation
Data Sheet
I n f o r m | e m p o w e r | a D va n c e | w w w. p r b . o r g
PoPulation RefeRence BuReau
60The number of mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants worldwide.
BY 2050,
Japan’s population is projected to decline to 95 million from 127 million in 2010.
76%The percentage of people in urban areas worldwide who use improved sanitation.
2.5The total fertility rate worldwide. TFRs range from 1.7 in more developed countries to 4.5 in the least developed countries.
W o r l d P o P u l a t i o n h i g h l i g h t sF O C U S O N A G I N G
Today, Global Population Adds Another Billion at Record Rates.at some point around 1800, after untold millennia of human history, global population reached its first billion. the world’s population now grows by 1 billion about every 12 years. the 20th century began with 1.6 billion and, at the end of that century, those two numbers had simply reversed to 6.1 billion. if birth rates continue to decline in developing countries, the increase to 8 billion could take slightly longer.
FirstBillion
130 Years (1930)
ca. 1800All of Human History
30 Years (1960)
14 Years (1974)
13 Years (1987)
12 Years (1999)
12 Years (2011)
13 Years (2024)
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Eighth
Source: Population Reference Bureau estimates and projections; and un Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).
As Developed Countries Undergo Aging and Little Growth in Population Size, Developing Countries Remain Young and Growing.the population “pyramid” of the developed countries clearly shows the decline in the number of young people as a result of low birth rates. the two pyramids provide a comparable picture of the developed and developing countries in the size of their respective populations and
Source: un Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).
85+
Age
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
200 200100 1000Population (millions), 2010
FemalesMales
300 300
85+
Age
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
200 200100 1000Population (millions), 2010
FemalesMales
300 300
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIESage structure. in some developed countries, the size of the youngest age group is barely more than half that of their parents’ age group. When the two population pyramids are compared, it is obvious that virtually all future world population growth will take place in the developing countries. But the amount of growth these countries will expe-rience depends upon the degree to which couples in those countries choose to reduce family size and have access to family planning services.
W O R L D P O P U L A T I O N H I G H L I G H T SF O C U S O N A G I N G
The Number of Working-Age Adults Available to Support an Older Person Is Declining Globally but Still Varies Substantially From Country to Country.Population aging puts pressure on a society’s ability to support its elderly citizens. A commonly used indicator of this pressure is the elderly support ratio, calculated as the number of working-age people ages 15 to 64 divided by the number of persons 65 or older. This ratio serves as a rough indicator of the number of potential providers of support per potential elderly dependent. In 1950, there were 12 working-age people for every elderly person in the world. By 2010, this ratio had declined to 9, with the largest decline occurring in more developed countries. But the ratios still vary substantially across countries. In 24 countries, mostly in Europe, there are fewer than 5 working-age people for every elderly person. The ratio is lowest in Japan, Italy, and Germany—at 3. The ratio is above 25 in seven countries, principally in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. By 2050, the ratio for the world is projected to decline by more than one-half—to 4, and Japan will have the lowest ratio of only 1 working-age adult per elderly person. The elderly support ratio will be below 5 in more than half of the world’s countries. By 2050, no country will have a ratio above 20.
15 and over
10 to 14.9
5 to 9.9
Less than 5
Elderly Support Ratio (2010)
Elderly Support Ratio (2050)
Country ratio
Niger 19
Uganda 16
Guatemala 7
Pakistan 7
Egypt 5
India 5
Morocco 4
United States 3
Mexico 3
China 3
France 2
Japan 1
Source: UN Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).
W o r l d P o P u l a t i o n h i g h l i g h t sF O C U S O N A G I N G
the number of people age 65 or older in the united States will more than double from 40 million in 2010 to 89 million by 2050. Spending on Social Security and Medicare is projected to increase dramatically between now and 2050 as the number of people receiving benefits grows. the magnitude of this increased spending is illustrated by comparing the projected costs of these two programs with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures the total output of the u.S. economy. in 1970, spending on Social Security and Medicare totaled only about 4 percent of GDP, while by 2010 this share had risen to more than 8 percent of GDP. By 2030, Medicare expenditures
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970 1980
Social Security
Medicare
3.2%
8.7%
5.8%
0.7%
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP
Spending as a Percentage of GDP
2010 2030 2050
Social Security 4.9 6.1 5.8
Medicare 3.5 6.4 8.7
Total 8.4% 12.5% 14.5%
As the U.S. Population Ages, Spending on Entitlement Programs Such as Social Security and Medicare Will Rise Sharply.
Source: u.S. Social Security administration, A Summary of the 2009 Annual Social Security and Medicare Trust Fund Reports (2009).
Worldwide, 40 percent of the population, or more than 2.6 billion people, lack one of life’s basic needs: an adequate sanitation facility, defined as one that hygienically separates sewage from human contact. there are wide regional and rural-urban disparities, and the
Sub-Saharan Africa 4324
5929
6654
8655
7959
9366
9992
Percent of Population Who Use Improved Sanitation (2008)
South Central Asia
East Asia
Latin America/Caribbean
Southeast Asia
Western Asia
More DevelopedCountries
Urban
Rural
In Many Parts of the World, Rural Populations Still Lack Adequate Sanitation.
Source: Regional estimates calculated by PRB based on data from the WHo/unicef Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.
are projected to exceed those for Social Security; by 2050, total spending on these two programs is projected to reach almost 15 percent of GDP. the rapid growth in Medicare spending will be fueled by the rising cost and use of health care services, in addition to the increase in the number of people receiving benefits.
bulk of the underserved live in rural areas of developing countries. Much of the world is making little progress toward meeting the Millennium Development Goal target to halve the proportion of the world’s population without access to basic sanitation by 2015. at the current pace, the world will miss the MDG target for improved sanitation by 13 percentage points: approximately 1 billion people who are targeted for improvement will still lack access.
POPULATION, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT DATA AND ESTIMATES FOR THE COUNTRIES
AND REGIONS OF THE WORLD
See notes on page 17.
weStern eUrope 36,440 170 115 100 100
austria 37,680 100 130 100 100
Belgium 34,760 354 112 100 100
France 34,400 114 93 100 100
germany 35,940 229 128 100 100
liechtenstein — 225 95 — —
luxembourg 64,320 196 147 100 100
Monaco — 35,835 67 100 —
netherlands 41,670 400 125 100 100
switzerland 46,460 190 118 100 100
eaStern eUrope 14,440 16 128 94 77
Belarus 12,150 46 84 91 97
Bulgaria 11,950 68 138 100 100
Czech republic 22,790 133 134 99 97
hungary 17,790 108 122 100 100
Moldova 3,210 122 67 85 74
Poland 17,310 122 115 96 80
romania 13,500 90 115 88 54
russia 15,630 8 141 93 70
slovakia 21,300 111 102 100 99
ukraine 7,210 76 121 97 90
SoUthern eUrope 26,740 118 129 99 97
albania 7,950 112 100 98 98
andorra — 179 76 100 100
Bosnia-herzegovina 8,620 75 84 99 92
Croatia 18,420 78 133 99 98
greece 28,470 86 124 99 97
italy 30,250 201 152 — —
Kosovof — 207 — — —
Macedoniag 9,950 80 123 92 82
Malta 22,460 1,326 95 100 100
Montenegro 13,920 46 118 96 86
Portugal 22,080 116 140 100 100
san Marino — 522 77 — —
serbia 11,150 94 98 96 88
slovenia 26,910 101 102 100 100
spain 31,130 93 112 100 100
OCEANIA 24,380 4 83 98 66
australia 34,040 3 105 100 100
Federated states of Micronesia 3,000 158 31 — —
Fiji 4,270 47 71 — —
French Polynesia — 68 70 99 97
guam — 344 59 99 98
Kiribati 3,660 139 1 — —
Marshall islands — 298 2 83 53
nauru — 507 — 50 —
new Caledonia — 14 80 — —
new Zealand 25,090 16 109 — —
Palau — 45 60 96 —
Papua new guinea 2,000 15 9 71 41
samoa 4,340 68 69 100 100
solomon islands 2,580 19 6 98 —
tonga 3,880 139 49 98 96
tuvalu — 376 20 88 81
Vanuatu 3,940 20 15 66 48
NOTES(—) Indicates data unavailable or inapplicable.a Infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Rates
shown with decimals indicate national sta-tistics reported as completely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited on reverse. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
b Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
c The number of people of “working age” (15-64), divided by those ages 65+.
d The status of Western Sahara is disputed by Morocco.
e Special Administrative Region.f Kosovo declared independence from
Serbia on Feb. 17, 2008. Serbia has not recognized Kosovo’s independence.
g The former Yugoslav Republic.h Includes Kosovo.* Data prior to 2004 are shown in italics.
For additional notes and sources, see reverse side.
ACkNOWLEDGMENTSThe author gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance of PRB staff members Donna Clifton, Jennay Ghowrwal, Toshiko Kaneda, Mary Mederios Kent, Kata Fustos, and Will Thompson; staff of the Interna-tional Programs Center of the U.S. Census Bureau; the United Nations (UN) Population Division; the Institut national d’etudes démographiques (INED), Paris; and the World Bank in the preparation of this year’s World Population Data Sheet. This publication is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement GPO-A-00-03-00004-00), and supporters. The information in this Data Sheet was not provided by and does not represent the views of the United States government or the U.S. Agency for International Development.
NOTESThe Data Sheet lists all geopolitical entities with populations of 150,000 or more and all members of the UN. These include sovereign states, dependencies, overseas departments, and some territories whose status or boundaries may be undetermined or in dispute. More developed regions, following the UN classification, comprise all of Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. All other regions and countries are classified as less developed. The least developed countries consist of 49 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators. The criteria and list of countries, as defined by the United Nations, can be found at www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/.
Sub-Saharan Africa: All countries of Africa except the northern African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
World and Regional Totals: Regional population totals are independently rounded and include small countries or areas not shown. Regional and world rates and per-centages are weighted averages of countries for which data are available; regional aver-ages are shown when data or estimates are available for at least three-quarters of the region’s population.
World Population Data Sheets from different years should not be used as a time series. Fluctuations in values from year to year often reflect revisions based on new data or estimates rather than actual changes in levels. Additional information on likely trends and consistent time series can be obtained from PRB, and are also available in UN and U.S. Census Bureau publications and websites.
SOURCESThe rates and figures are primarily compiled from the following sources: official country statistical yearbooks, bulletins, and websites; United Nations Demographic Yearbook, 2007 of the UN Statistics Division; World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision of the UN Population Division; and the International Data Base of the International Programs Center, U.S. Census Bureau. Other sources include recent demographic surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys, special studies, and direct communication with demographers and statistical bureaus in the United States and abroad. Specific data sources may be obtained by contacting the author of the 2010 World Population Data Sheet. For countries with complete registration of births and deaths, rates are those most recently reported. For more developed countries, nearly all vital rates refer to 2009 or 2008.
DEFINITIONSMid-2010 PopulationEstimates are based on a recent census; official national data; or PRB, UN, and U.S. Census Bureau projections. The effects of refugee movements, large numbers of foreign workers, and population shifts due to contemporary political events are taken into account to the extent possible.
Birth and Death RateThe annual number of births and deaths per 1,000 total population. These rates are often referred to as “crude rates” since they do not take a population’s age structure into account. Thus, crude death rates in more developed countries, with a relatively large proportion of high-mortality older population, are often higher than those in less developed countries with lower life expectancy.
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)The birth rate minus the death rate, implying the annual rate of population growth without regard for migration. Expressed as a percentage.
Net MigrationThe estimated rate of net immigration (immigration minus emigration) per 1,000 population for a recent year based upon the official national rate or derived as a residual from estimated birth, death, and population growth rates. Migration rates can vary substantially from year to year for any particular country, as can the definition of an immigrant.
2050 Population as a Multiple of 2010Projected populations based upon reason-able assumptions on the future course of fertility, mortality, and migration. Projections are based upon official country projections, series issued by the UN or the U.S. Census Bureau, or PRB projections.
Infant Mortality RateThe annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births. Rates shown with decimals indicate national statistics reported as completely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited above. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)The average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years (usually considered to be ages 15-49).
Population Under Age 15/Age 65+The percentage of the total population in these ages, which are often considered the “dependent ages.”
Elderly Support RatioThe number of working-age people ages 15-64 divided by the number of persons 65 or older, indicating levels of potential societal support available for the elderly.
Life Expectancy at BirthThe average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.
Percent UrbanPercentage of the total population living in areas termed “urban” by that country. Countries define urban in many different ways, from population centers of 100 or more dwellings to only the population living in national and provincial capitals.
Prevalence of HIV/AIDSThe estimated percentage of adults ages 15-49 living with HIV/AIDS. Most figures are from UNAIDS’ 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Figures are updated with data from Demographic and Health Surveys where available. Some regional averages were calculated by PRB.
Contraceptive UseThe percentage of currently married or “in-union” women of reproductive age who are using any form of contraception. “Modern” methods include clinic and supply methods such as the pill, IUD, condom, and sterilization. Data are from the most recently available national-level surveys, such as Demographic and Health Surveys, Repro-ductive Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, regional survey programs, national surveys, and the UN Population Division World Contraceptive Use 2009. For more developed countries, data refer to some point in the 1990s and early 2000s; and for less developed countries, from 1995. Data prior to 2004 are shown in italics.
GNI PPP per Capita, 2008 (US$)GNI PPP per capita is gross national income in purchasing power parity (PPP) divided by midyear population. GNI PPP refers to gross national income converted to “international” dollars using a purchasing power parity con-version factor. International dollars indicate the amount of goods and services one could buy in the United States with a given amount of money. Data are from the World Bank. Figures in italics are for 2006 or 2007.
Mobile Phone Subscribers per 100 InhabitantsData are from the International Telecommu-nications Union, Measuring the Information Society 2010 (www.itu.int).
Percent of Population Who Use Improved SanitationFor monitoring Millennium Development Goals, an improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates sewage from human contact. Data are from WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (www.wssinfo.org/datamining/tables.html).
Acknowledgments, Notes, Sources, and Definitions
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