Database

CGS 2835 Interdisciplinary Web Development

WebDatabaseUseful Web Apps

WebDatabaseUseful Web Apps

++


The Value of Databases• Databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS)

transform large quantities of data into specific and valuable information for accomplishing some goal.


AMP

• Apache – open source Web server

• MySQL – open source database

• PHP – programming language that works in HTML to provide interactivity with MySQL

Today’s Dominant Web Architecture


AMP

• LAMP (Linux AMP)• SAMP (Solaris AMP)• WAMP (Windows AMP)• MAMP (Mac AMP)• XAMPP (Cross Platform AMP + Perl)

Today’s Dominant Web Architecture


DatabaseServer

WebServerHTML REQUEST w/DATAHTML REQUEST w/DATA

http://iSpace.ci.fsu.edu/~username/mysite/index.html?name=geo

SQL CommandSQL Command

PHPPHP


DatabaseServer

WebServer

PHPPHP

data

PHP-created HTML


MySQLDatabaseServer

PHPPHPdata

PHP-created HTML

SQLSQL

Our Focus


Databases


File or Table

Database• A collection of data organized to meet user’s needs.

Records (Entities)

Field(Attribute)


Database Fields

• Fields are set to hold specific types of data.


Database

A Database is a

collection of files/tables


Database Heirarchy

Table


Keys and Primary Key

• Key: A field in a record that is used to identify the record

• Primary key: A field that uniquely identifies a record– A primary key field prevents duplicate records

from occurring in a table.


Primary Keys

Which field would act as the best primary key?Which field would act as the best primary key?


Primary Key


The Relational Model

• In a relational database, tables are linked (related) through common fields.


Relation Types• One-to-many

– Most typical– Makes use of primary key

• One-to-one• Many-to-many


MySQL

An open-source, relational database ideal for use with PHP


MySQL - Installation• MySQL is included with AMP• and installed on iSpace http://tools.ci.fsu.edu

http://localhost


MySQL – Creating a Database• For security reasons MySQL accounts are

created through MySQL Administrative Tools• Creating a MySQL account is the only

database command that cannot be issued from PHP code.


https://ispace-tools.cci.fsu.edu

MySQL – Creating a Database


Click Edit to manage the database with phpMyAdmin

Click Edit to manage the database with phpMyAdmin

You will need this information for use in your PHP

Code

You will need this information for use in your PHP

Code


phpMyAdminis a popular application for managing mySQL databases. It’s provided at tools.ci.fsu.edu and also often included with AMP.

Here you can click a database name to access its properties and tools.

You can even create new databases from here.

Note that whenever prompted for charset or collation select UTF-8 Unicode (utf8).


Access MySQL Database

We will use phpMyAdmin to:•Create our databases•Create tables in the databases•Create fields in the tables•Manage the database•Examine table data

We will use PHP to:

• Enter records into tables from HTML forms

• Read records from tables and output to HTML pages


When I click my database link in phpMyAdmin, I am prompted to create a table.


Then I create fields for my table.


I can then use the Insert tab to enter records into the table.



The browse buttons allows you to view the contents of the table.



You can also run SQL queries on your data from within phpMyAdmin.


MySQL & phpMyAdmin• phpMyAdmin is a useful tool for manipulating mySQL

databases; however, in order to work with Web-generated data, the mySQL database must be accessed from the HTML code using PHP.

MySQLDatabaseServer

SQLSQLSQLSQLPHPPHP


MySQL & phpMyAdmin

• Either method of interacting with the database requires knowledge of SQL

MySQLDatabaseServer

SQLSQLSQLSQLPHPPHP


SQL – The Basics


Database Strengths

• Data can be sifted, sorted and queried through the use of data manipulation languages.

The power of a database and DBMS lies in the user’s ability to manipulate the data to turn up useful information.


Data Manipulation Language

• A Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a specific language provided with the DBMS that allows people and other database users to access, modify, and make queries about data contained in the database, and to generate reports.

• Structured Query Language (SQL): The most popular DML.

– SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JOB_CLASSIFICATION = ‘C2”


SQL CommandsSELECT - extracts data from a databaseUPDATE - updates data in a databaseDELETE - deletes data from a databaseINSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database

CREATE DATABASE - creates a new databaseALTER DATABASE - modifies a databaseCREATE TABLE - creates a new tableALTER TABLE - modifies a tableDROP TABLE - deletes a tableCREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)DROP INDEX - deletes an index

From www.w3schools.com/sql


SELECT SELECT field_names(s)FROM table_nameExamples:

SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Employees

SELECT * FROM Employees

Employee_Id LastName FirstName Address City

1 Baldauf Ola 120 Main St Chicago

2 Svendson Jon 3 Bogus Dr Tallahassee

3 Pettersen Kari 2413 Sayer Ave Tallahassee

4 Willis Carl 12 Bacon Cr Atlanta

5 Smith Jason

LastName FirstName

Baldauf Ola

Svendson Jon

Pettersen Kari

Willis Carl

Smith Jason






5 Smith Jason

Employees Table


SELECT SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator valueExample

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE LastName=’Willis'






5 Smith Jason



Employees Table


SELECT SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator valueAND/OR column_name operator valueExample

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE LastName=’Willis’ OR LastName=‘Pettersen’






5 Smith Jason




Employees Table


UPDATEUPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value2,...WHERE some_column=some_valueExample

UPDATE EmployeesSET Address=’2727 Monroe St', City=’Tallahassee'WHERE LastName=’Smith' AND FirstName=’Jason'






5 Smith Jason

Employees Table






5 Smith Jason 2727 Monroe St Tallahassee


INSERT INTOINSERT INTO table_name(ColumnName1, … , ColumnNameN ) VALUES (‘data1’, … , ‘dataN’)Example

INSERT INTO Employees (LastName, FirstName, Address, City)VALUES (‘Larkin’, ‘Robert’, ‘34 W 7th’, ‘Atlanta’)






5 Smith Jason

Employees Table






5 Smith Jason

6 Larkin Robert 34 W 7th Atlanta


DELETEDELETE FROM table_nameWHERE some_column=some_valueExample

DELETE FROM EmployeesWHERE LastName=’Willis' AND FirstName=’Carl'






5 Smith Jason

Employees Table





5 Smith Jason 2727 Monroe St Tallahassee


PHP > MySQL


Accessing a MySQL Database from PHP

First create a database, table, and fields using phpMyAdmin

1.Establish a connection to mySQL server2.Select the database3.Use mysql_query to issue SQL commands


1. Establish a Connectionmysql_connect("2006.ispace.ci.fsu.edu", ”glm04", ”tm4bj9yc") or die(mysql_error());


2. Select the Databasemysql_connect("2006.ispace.ci.fsu.edu", ”glm04", ”tm4bj9yc") or die(mysql_error());

mysql_select_db(’glm04_webdev') or die(mysql_error());


3. Use mysql_query to Issue Commands

mysql_connect("2006.ispace.ci.fsu.edu", ”glm04", ”tm4bj9yc") or die(mysql_error());


mysql_query("INSERT INTO visitors(name, email) VALUES('Timmy Mellowman', '[email protected]' ) ")or die(mysql_error());


3. Use mysql_query to Issue Commands

mysql_connect("2006.ispace.ci.fsu.edu", ”glm04", ”tm4bj9yc") or die(mysql_error());


$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM visitors")or die(mysql_error());while($row = mysql_fetch_array( $result )){ echo ”<p> Name: ".$row['name'] ."<br />"; echo "Email: ".$row['email'] ."<br />"; echo " Date: ".$row['date'] .”</p>";}


Useful Resources

• Tizag PHP/MySQL Tutorial– http://www.tizag.com/mysqlTutorial

• W3Schools– PHP MySQL: http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_intro.asp– SQL: http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp

• MySQL Manual:– http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en

• PHP MySQL functions:– http://us3.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php

Database

Technology