DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING …...estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved oxygen estimation were transferred

$Page 1: DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING …...estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved oxygen estimation were transferred$
DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING

FOR ITPCL POWER PROJECT (August-2018)

CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF SEA WATER IN

AND AROUND THE ITPCL POWER PROJECT AT PARANGIPETTAI, CUDDALORE DISTRICT

Monthly Report (August -2018)

Submitted by

Dr. P. MURUGESAN Asst. Professor & Principal Investigator

Annamalai University

Research Scholars

Dr. P. Damotharan (Research Associate)

Mr. V. Bharathidasan

Mr. N. Rajesh

Mr. P. Partha Sarathy

Mr. R. Punniyamoorthy

CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE SCIENCES

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Parangipettai, 608502 Tamil Nadu, India

July-2018



CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY

1 RESULTS OF COASTAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

1.1 Sampling Details

The seawater quality characteristics were studied by conducting monthly sampling in and around

the ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai, Cuddalore District both in low and high tides. The

sampling was carried out from 29.08.18 to 30.08.18 around the proposed sites including the open

sea as shown in Fig.1. The sampling stations details like station code, time, depth and its

coordinates are also given in Table 1. Further, water and sediment samples were also collected

from the open sea, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries to establish baseline level of toxic metals in the

coastal environment at Parangipettai.

(Source: Google Earth)

Figure 1 Sampling Stations




TABLE 1 Sampling Stations Detail

Sl. No. Station Code Time GPS

Coordinates

1 ILFS-2-HT (Dredged soil dumping) 07.40AM 11°31'27.94"N

79°47'50.77"E 2 ILFS-2-LT 12.40PM

3 ILFS-5-HT (Intake) 08.00AM 11°31'13.31"N

79°46'14.37"E 4 ILFS-5-LT 12.55PM

5 ILFS-6-HT (Outfall) 08.15AM 11°30'58.78"N

79°46'59.61"E 6 ILFS-6-LT 01.10PM

7 ILFS-7-HT (North Break Water) 08.32AM 11°31'56.49"N

79°46'52.76"E 8 ILFS-7-LT 01.25PM

9 ILFS-16-HT (Off shore parallel to Mangroves-2) 08.50AM 11o25’29.13"N

79o51’10.08"E 10 ILFS-16-LT 01.40PM

11 ILFS-12-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Vellar-2) 09.05AM 11°27'32.11"N

79°47'34.79"E

12 ILFS-12-LT 03.15PM

13 ILFS-14-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Coleroon-2) 09.55AM 11°24'23.92"N

79°48'31.59"E

14 ILFS-14-LT 02.10PM

15 ILFS-19-HT (Annan kovil landing center) 09.20AM 11° 30' 15.75"N

79° 46'20.07"E 16 ILFS-19-LT 03.30PM

17 ILFS-21-HT (Pappa canal) 09.40AM 11°28'47.22"N

79°45'12.15"E 18 ILFS-21-LT 03.58PM

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Water and Sediment Sampling

Water samples

The water samples were collected from the selected stations considering tidal influences,

discharge and non-discharge points. Subsurface water samples were collected at a depth of 0.5

meter using Niskin water sampler. For accurate measurements of the in situ properties and

composition of seawater, proper sampling is of utmost importance. It is essential to ensure that




the sampling is contamination free and all the samples were appropriately sub-sampled and

preserved to avoid/minimize changes in the water composition during storage. After sampling,

adequate care was taken for measurements of hydrographic, chemical and biological properties

of sea water in coastal and near-shore waters.

Prior to sampling, the sampler and sampling bottles were acid washed with 1N HCl in the

laboratory. Sample bottles were rinsed thoroughly with the water sample and after that the

samples were collected.

For dissolved oxygen, the samples were fixed by employing Winkler’s reagent on board

vessel itself and after fixing the samples were kept in shade until analysis. Temperature and pH

were measured immediately after collection. The water samples were filtred before analysis.

Trace metal samples were collected in acid-washed and pre-cleaned high density polyethylene

(HDPE) bottles. Disposable, clean gloves were used while sampling and handling samples for

trace metals. All samples were kept in a cool condition away from light to avoid evaporation. All

samples (for trace metals) were filtered immediately using 0.22 µM pore size filter paper and

acidify the pH till 2 by adding SUPRAPURE NITRIC ACID and stored in metal free plastic bags

till analysis, so as to avoid contamination.

Sediment samples

Sediment samples were stored in metal free plastic bags for trace metals and in aluminum

foils for organic constituents. These samples were stored in ice boxes for transportation and put

to dry in an electric oven at low temperatures (about 60 degrees C) in clean glass petri-dishes.

Collection of Sediment Samples (Grabs and Corer)

Van Veen Grab with a sampling area of 0.1 m2 was employed as a standard sediment

sampler, since it is (i) an efficient sampler for the range of soft surface sediments encountered in




the near shore area, (ii) reliable and simple to operate and (iii) widely applied, which allows data

comparison with other marine areas.

Preservation and processing of samples

Storage and Preservation of Samples: It should be understood that the concentration of

dissolved constituent is bound to change with time, due to the biological activity of the

microorganisms present in the seawater. Trace quantity are vulnerable to adsorption/desorption

process, therefore, they were analyzed immediately. Where immediate analysis is not possible,

the recommended method include freezing the samples in -80 degree C. A quick note for sample

collection and preservation procedures is given below.

Temperature, Salinity and pH analysis

The physical parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH were measured in-situ in

the field. The subsurface temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer (0.02C

accuracy) and the pH was measured by a calibrated pH pen (pH ep-3 model). Salinity was

estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved

oxygen estimation were transferred carefully to BOD bottles. The DO was immediately fixed

and brought to the laboratory for further analysis.

Preservation and Laboratory Analysis

After collection, the samples were immediately cooled to 4C and then brought to the

laboratory in an insulated thermocool box. In the laboratory, water samples were filtered through

Whatman GF/C filter paper and analysed for organic matter and other nutrients. Unfiltered

samples were used for the estimation of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. All the analyses

were carried out by adopting Standard procedures for samples of aquatic origin. Briefly, the

methodology for each analysis is given below:




Nitrate and Nitrite

The nitrate and nitrite content of samples were analysed by following the methods

described by Strickland and Parsons (1972). The nitrite was estimated from highly coloured azo

dye formed by the addition of N (1-Napthyl) ethylene diamine di hydro-chloride and

sulfanilamide into the solution was then measured at 543 nm in a spectrophotometer. The same

procedure was followed for the estimation of nitrate. For this, nitrate was reduced to nitrite by

passing the sample through copper coated cadmium column. The values are expressed in mol of

Nitrogen/l

Inorganic Phosphate

The single solution mixed reagent procedure developed by Murphy and Riley (1962) was

followed for the estimation of dissolved inorganic phosphate levels in water samples. This

involves the conversion of phosphate into phosphomolybdic acid, which was then reduced to

molybdinum blue color complexes and then the intensity of colour was measured at 882 nm in a

spectrophotometer. The calculated values are expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.

Total Phosphorus

The Total Phosphate in samples was estimated by adopting the method described by

Menzel and Corwin (1964). This procedure involves the conversion of organically bound

phosphate into inorganic phosphate by wet oxidation of samples with potassium persulphate in

an Autoclave for 30 min at 15 lbs pressure. The converted inorganic phosphate was then

estimated by using the method described by Murphy and Riley (1962). The subtraction of

original dissolved inorganic phosphate from total phosphate yielded the organic phosphate in the

water sample. The calculated value is expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.




Reactive Silicate

The reactive silicate content of water was estimated by following the method of

Strickland and Parsons (1972). In this method, the intensity of blue color formed by silico-

molybdate complex was measured in a Spectrophotometer at 810 nm and the calculated values

are expressed in µmol of Silica/l

Sediment Analysis

For the analysis of textural composition and pH, the air-dried sediment samples were

used as such. For all other analyses of organic matter, sediment samples were ground to fine

powder and dried in an oven at 110C to constant weight for an hour.

Total Organic Carbon

The estimation of total organic carbon in sediment was performed by adopting the

method of El Wakeel and Riley (1956). The procedure involves chromic acid digestion and

subsequent titration against ferrous ammonium sulphate solution in the presence of 1-10 Ferrous

phenonthroline indicator. The values calculated are expressed in mgC/g of sediment.

Heavy Metal Analysis in Water and Sediment Samples

Seawater samples were collected in pre-cleaned polypropylene bottles with 10% nitric

acid and Milli-Q water and acidified till pH ∼1.6 using HNO3 for further metal detection by

using ICP-MS (Søndergaard et al., 2015). Sediment samples were collected with the aid of

cleaned and dried Teflon/stainless steel coated Peterson grab. Sediment samples were transferred

from the grab to cleaned polyethylene containers using cleaned plastics scoops. The samples

were stored in frozen condition for further analysis. The preserved sediment subsamples were

dried at 110°C to constant weight for estimation of metals. Dry powdered sediment was gently

heated and digested with Hydrofluoric acid whereby Silica volatizes as Silicon tetra-fluoride.




This is followed by treatment with Nitric acid and Per-chloric acid to destroy the organic matter.

The residue after evaporation of acids was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl and desired metals were

determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

Bacteriological Methods

Collection of samples:

Surface water samples were collected in 30ml sterile screw capped bottles for

bacteriological assessment. Enough air space was left in the bottles to allow thorough mixing.

Precautionary measures were taken to avoid contamination through handling. For microbial

assessment in sediment samples, a known quantity of samples was collected from the grab

samples using sterilised spatula. The central portion of the collected sediment was aseptically

transferred into sterile polyethylene bags. All the samples were brought to the laboratory in

portable icebox soon after collection and bacteriological analyses were carried out in the

laboratory at CAS immediately, with necessary dilution.

Enumeration of Total Viable Counts:

TVC was enumerated by adopting the spread plate method using Zobell’s Marine Agar

medium (EA123, Hi-Media, Mumbai). The samples (water and sediment) were diluted using the

sterile sea water and 0.1 ml of the diluted sample was pippeted into the petriplates containing

Zobell’s Marine Agar and it was spread using a ‘L’ shaped glass spreader. The plates after

inoculation were incubated in an inverted position at a temperature of 28+2°C for 24to 48 h. The

colonies were counted and the population density expressed as Colony Forming Unit (CFU) per

ml or g of the sample. The bacterial colonies were picked up from the pertidishes and re-streaked

in appropriate nutrient agar plates thrice before a pure culture was established in agar slants.




Enumeration of Total Coliforms:

Macconkey agar with 0.15% bile salt, crystal violet and NaCl has been recommended in

accordance with USP/Nfxi (1) for the detection, isolation and enumeration of coliforms and

intestinal pathogens in water, dairy products, pharmaceutical preparations, etc. The agar

weighing 51.5 g in 1000 ml distilled water was heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely and sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 min. suitably

diluted samples were inoculated in the petriplates containing medium and were incubated for 48

h. After incubation, the colonies of E. coli appeared with pink color.

M-FC agar is employed for detection and enumeration Faecal Coliforms by the

membrane filter technique at higher temperature (44.5°C). The agar weighing 52 g was

suspended in 1000 ml of distilled water and heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely, 10ml of Rosolic acid (dissolved in 0.2 N NaOH) was added, heated with

frequent agitation and boiled for 1 min. Then the medium was cooled to 50°C. Finally, the

medium was poured into small 60mm plates. Samples filtered by Millipore apparatus using

0.45µm Whatman filter papers were impregnated in the petriplates. After 48 h of incubation, the

colonies of E. coli appeared with blue colour.

Chlorophyll `a':

The samples were filtered through Whatman GF/C filter papers and the chlorophyll was

extracted into 90% acetone. The resulting colored acetone extract was measured in a

spectrophotometer at different wave lengths and the same acetone extracts were acidified and

measured for the phaeo-pigments. The detailed methodology as described in APHA manual

(1989) was followed.




Phytoplankton:

Phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study areas by

towing a plankton net (mouth diameter 0.5 m) made of bolting silk (mesh size 20 micron) for

half an hour. These samples were preserved in 5% neutralized formalin and used for qualitative

analysis. For the quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, the settling method as described by

Sukhanovo (1978) was adopted. Numerical plankton analysis was carried out using Utermohl's

inverted plankton microscope.

Phytoplankton species was identified using the standard works of Hustedt (1930-1966),

Venkataraman (1939), Cupp (1943), Subramanian (1946), Prescott (1954), Desikachary (1959

and 1987), Hendey (1964), Steidinger and Williams (1970) and Taylor (1976) and Anand et al.

(1986).

Zooplankton:

Zooplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study areas by

horizontal towing of plankton net with mouth diameter of 0.35 m, made of bolting silk (No. 70

mesh size 200 µm) for half an hour. After collection, the samples were preserved in 5 - 7%

neutralized formalin and used for quantitative analysis. The zooplankton collected were

identified to the species level using the classical works of Dakin and Colefax (1940), Davis

(1955), Kasthurirangan (1963) and Wickstead (1965) and Damodara Naidu (1981). For the

quantitative analysis of zooplankton, a known quantity of water (100l) was filtered through a bag

net (0.33 mm mesh size) and filtrate was made up to 1 litre in a wide mouthed bottle and then

enumerated using Utermohl’s inverted plankton microscope. The plankton density is expressed

as number of organisms/m3.




Benthic Community:

For benthic organisms, sediment samples were collected using a Van veen Grab which

covered an area of 0.1m2. The wet sediment was sieved with varying mesh sizes for segregating

the organisms. The organisms retained in the sieve were fixed in 5-7% formalin and stained

further with Rose Bengal solution for easy spotting at the time of sorting. After a day or two, the

organisms were sorted into various groups. The number of organisms in each grab sample was

expressed as number per meter square. According to size, benthic animals are divided into three

groups. (i) macrobenthos (ii) meiobenthos and (iii) microbenthos (Mare, 1942). All the species

were sorted, enumerated and identified to the advanced level possible with the consultation of

available literature. The works of Fauvel (1953), Day (1967) were referred for polychaetes;

Barnes (1980) and Lyla et al. (1999) for crustaceans; Subba Rao et al. (1991) and Ramakrishna

(2003) for molluscs.

1.2. Physicochemical Parameters

The physico-chemical parameters such as depth, transparency, atmospheric temperature

(AT), water temperature (WT), turbdity, total suspended solids (TSS), transparency, pH, salinity,

dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed and the results

are given in Table 2. The atmospheric and water temperature varied from 28.24 to 33.02° C and

27.26 to 31.05 °C, respectively. The salinity was observed (14.34 to 34.61 PSU) respectively,

The DO and BOD levels varied from 5.22 to 6.26 mg/L and 1.10 to 2.46 mg/L, respectively. The

observations made on the prime physical factors such as TSS and turbidity was within the

permissible level. The turbidity ranged between 1.5 and 9.8 NTU. The TSS values fluctuated

from 20.4 and 25.2 mg/L. The variation noticed between the stations is only marginal, which

might be due to seasonal, geographical location and tidal influence.




TABLE 2 Physio-chemical Characteristics in Water samples

Station

Code

Depth

(m)

Transparency

(m)

Turbidity

(NTU)

TSS

(mg/L)

AT

(oC)

WT

(oC)

pH Salinity

(PSU)

DO

(mg/l)

BOD

(mg/l)

ILFS-2-HT 8.0 1.2 1.5 22.4 29.67 28.54 7.90 34.24 5.86 1.16

ILFS-2-LT 7.4 1.4 1.8 23.4 28.64 27.56 7.94 34.28 6.02 1.10

ILFS-5-HT 10 1.2 1.6 23.5 29.52 28.64 8.16 34.56 6.08 1.16

ILFS-5-LT 9.8 1.5 2.4 22.4 28.45 27.58 8.12 34.54 5.97 2.02

ILFS-6-HT 9.0 1.7 2.2 21.9 29.42 28.64 7.92 34.62 6.18 1.12

ILFS-6-LT 8.2 2.6 2.6 22.5 28.34 27.45 7.86 34.61 6.14 1.13

ILFS-7-HT 8.4 2.4 1.8 21.3 28.96 28.42 7.86 34.57 5.86 1.24

ILFS-7-LT 7.5 2.1 2.5 22.1 28.24 27.26 7.87 34.59 5.92 1.38

ILFS-16-HT 6.0 1.4 2.2 20.6 31.02 29.04 7.84 34.54 6.26 1.24

ILFS-16-LT 5.4 1.2 2.8 20.4 28.76 27.64 7.83 34.35 6.18 1.12

ILFS-12-HT 3.2 2.8 5.7 22.5 33.02 31.05 7.85 28.54 6.02 1.27

ILFS-12-LT 2.5 1.8 9.8 22.4 31.54 28.96 7.84 28.56 6.12 1.31

ILFS-14-HT 2.8 2.2 7.4 23.4 32.14 30.12 8.02 14.56 5.87 2.02

ILFS-14-LT 1.8 1.0 8.6 24.2 29.82 28.67 7.96 14.34 5.96 1.87

ILFS-19-HT 3.0 1.2 4.2 25.2 32.54 30.04 7.94 30.16 5.98 2.10

ILFS-19-LT 2.2 0.8 5.8 24.6 31.42 28.74 7.86 30.28 6.21 1.42

ILFS-21-HT 3.1 0.8 6.6 22.6 32.05 30.12 7.92 30.05 5.64 2.46

ILFS-21-LT 2.8 0.6 9.4 23.4 33.01 29.57 7.86 29.46 5.22 2.31

1.3. Nutrients and Petroleum Hydrocarbon

The parameters like nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), ammonia (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN),

inorganic phosphate (IP), total phosphorus, silicate and petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) were

analyzed and the results are given in Table 3.




TABLE 3 Nutrients and PHC Values in the Coastal Waters

1.4. Sediment Texture

The texture and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzed from the sediment samples collected and

the results are given in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Sediment Texture (%) and Organic Carbon (mgC/g)

Station Code Total Organic

Carbon(mgC/g)

Soil Texture (%)

Sand Silt Clay

ILFS-2-HT 3.16 94.264 4.522 1.214

ILFS-2-LT 4.17 94.122 3.514 2.364

ILFS-5-HT 3.74 93.274 5.112 1.614

ILFS-5-LT 3.02 95.632 2.422 1.946

ILFS-6-HT 3.16 94.264 4.472 1.264

ILFS-6-LT 3.56 92.424 5.334 2.242

ILFS-7-HT 3.32 91.222 6.432 2.346

ILFS-7-LT 3.26 91.234 7.242 1.524

ILFS-16-HT 4.25 90.248 6.536 3.216

Station Code SEAWATER NUTRIENTS (µmol/l) PHC

(µg/l) NO2 NO3 NH3 TN IP TP SiO4

ILFS-2-HT 0.306 1.645 0.250 5.647 0.264 1.234 4.526 0.654

ILFS-2-LT 0.657 1.864 0.350 5.024 0.534 1.425 5.647 0.752

ILFS-5-HT 0.534 1.384 0.400 5.864 0.462 1.625 3.567 0.652

ILFS-5-LT 0.854 1.064 0.500 4.864 0.356 1.864 5.867 0.758

ILFS-6-HT 0.648 1.325 0.450 7.692 0.584 1.564 5.467 0.568

ILFS-6-LT 0.642 1.683 0.600 5.624 0.648 2.014 8.642 0.635

ILFS-7-HT 1.028 1.462 0.250 7.864 0.964 1.624 4.365 0.764

ILFS-7-LT 0.862 2.031 0.500 7.026 0.846 1.864 5.264 0.852

ILFS-16-HT 0.724 1.534 0.300 8.931 0.862 1.687 8.624 0.864

ILFS-16-LT 0.693 2.134 0.350 7.826 0.762 2.134 9.425 0.832

ILFS-12-HT 0.824 1.362 0.450 6.453 0.654 1.214 5.624 0.652

ILFS-12-LT 0.634 3.254 0.600 8.946 0.764 2.342 7.365 0.652

ILFS-14-HT 1.032 1.563 0.160 8.943 0.725 3.124 12.364 0.468

ILFS-14-LT 0.864 2.564 0.250 10.384 0.684 2.134 13.625 0.523

ILFS-19-HT 0.638 3.264 0.800 11.562 0.624 1.024 14.254 0.634

ILFS-19-LT 0.672 2.134 1.200 10.234 0.672 1.342 15.632 0.756

ILFS-21-HT 1.534 1.264 0.250 9.642 1.254 1.964 14.584 0.635

ILFS-21-LT 0.246 1.623 0.350 8.021 0.264 2.124 16.254 0.630




ILFS-16-LT 4.35 89.354 8.332 2.314

ILFS-12-HT 3.26 60.454 26.634 12.912

ILFS-12-LT 3.27 58.534 30.214 11.252

ILFS-14-HT 4.28 40.436 34.252 25.312

ILFS-14-LT 5.24 42.332 32.226 25.442

ILFS-19-HT 4.64 55.343 24.311 20.346

ILFS-19-LT 4.25 54.522 25.344 20.134

ILFS-21-HT 4.86 58.342 25.424 16.234

ILFS-21-LT 3.28 56.628 27.642 15.730

1.5. Chlorophyll -a and phaeophytin

Chlorophyll ‘a’ and phaeophytin, which are considered as an index of phytoplankton density,

were analyzed in the samples collected at ITPCL power project site, Parangipettai. The results

are given in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Biological Characteristics

Station Code Chlorophyll ‘a’(mg/m3) Phaeophytin (mg/m3)

ILFS-2-HT 1.564 0.964

ILFS-2-LT 1.356 0.864

ILFS-5-HT 2.624 0.765

ILFS-5-LT 1.364 0.653

ILFS-6-HT 0.968 0.764

ILFS-6-LT 0.864 0.658

ILFS-7-HT 1.345 0.568

ILFS-7-LT 1.236 0.465

ILFS-16-HT 1.864 0.945

ILFS-16-LT 1.230 0.864

ILFS-12-HT 0.986 0.764

ILFS-12-LT 1.023 0.642

ILFS-14-HT 2.126 0.936

ILFS-14-LT 1.435 0.468

ILFS-19-HT 1.540 0.651

ILFS-19-LT 1.236 0.568

ILFS-21-HT 1.264 0.587

ILFS-21-LT 1.023 0.498




1.6. Heavy metals in seawater and sediments

The level of heavy metals recorded in seawater and sediments samples collected at Parangipettai

region are given in the tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 Heavy Metals in Seawater (µg/l)

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS-1 12.76 21.42 48.52 1.92 2.86 2.42 6.45 18.28 0.46

ILFS-2 42.54 20.43 44.26 1.88 2.84 2.24 5.7 18.64 0.41

ILFS-3 58.34 19.52 42.54 1.75 2.64 1.52 4.46 13.52 0.64

ILFS-4 22.28 15.64 43.28 2.05 1.64 2.39 3.18 15.46 0.63

ILFS-5 83.62 20.63 42.38 1.42 1.54 1.4 3.45 14.82 0.52

ILFS-12 10.15 16.52 34.6 2.38 1.37 2.12 3.24 12.64 0.2

ILFS-19 11.12 18.22 37.72 2.12 1.38 1.14 3.82 13.08 0.28

ILFS-21 10.51 18.32 35.52 1.45 1.18 1.89 3.88 13.24 0.27

Table 7 Heavy Metals in sediment (µg/g)

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS - 1 1652.2 16.52 76.5 9.82 18.64 10.25 11.2 26.53 0.78

ILFS - 2 1756.6 19.56 75.64 10.52 17.56 11.26 9.5 24.32 0.86

ILFS - 3 1654.2 15.27 68.72 13.25 15.75 10.15 8.0 25.52 0.74

ILFS - 4 1485.9 14.38 74.52 12.52 17.36 10.54 8.2 24.42 0.97

ILFS - 5 1523.5 16.82 60.38 10.58 14.72 10.84 8.7 29.54 0.7

ILFS - 12 1314.8 13.27 63.52 8.68 13.25 9.23 6.84 22.24 0.68

ILFS - 19 1382.6 12.74 67.52 9.56 11.58 6.52 77.4 24.18 0.67

ILFS - 21 1657.4 15.27 74.58 10.24 12.66 7.45 8.31 22.37 0.57




1.7. MICROBIOLOGY

Water samples

The microbial parameters such as total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms and Streptococcus

faecalis (SF) were analyzed for seawater samples in and around the ITPCL power project site at

Parangipettai. The results are given in Table 8.

Sediment samples

The microbial parameters such as total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms and Streptococcus

faecalis (SF) were analyzed for sediment samples in and around the ITPCL power project site at

Parangipettai and the results are given in Table 9.

TABLE 8 Bacterial population recorded in water samples (CFU/100 ml)

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 10×102 05×102 08x102

ILFS-2-LT 12×102 06×102 09x102

ILFS-5-HT 10×102 07×102 10x103

ILFS-5-LT 11×102 04×102 11x103

ILFS-6-HT 10×102 08×101 10x103

ILFS-6-LT 14×102 05×101 09x103

ILFS-7-HT 13×102 06×101 08x103

ILFS-7-LT 11×102 07×101 07x102

ILFS-16-HT 15×102 08×101 09x103

ILFS-16-LT 16×102 07×101 10x102

ILFS-12-HT 13×103 09×101 12x103

ILFS-12-LT 14×102 08×101 11x103

ILFS-14-HT 16×102 10×101 11x103

ILFS-14-LT 17×102 03×102 12x103

ILFS-19-HT 10×103 04×102 10x103

ILFS-19-LT 09×103 10×102 15x102

ILFS-21-HT 13×102 10×102 13x103

ILFS-21-LT 14×102 09×102 11x102




TABLE 9 Bacterial population recorded in sediment samples (CFU/g)

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 08×104 09×102 12×103

ILFS-2-LT 09×104 10×102 13×103

ILFS-5-HT 10×103 12×102 14×103

ILFS-5-LT 09×104 10×102 12×103

ILFS-6-HT 14×104 12×102 26×102

ILFS-6-LT 16×104 14×102 24×102

ILFS-7-HT 10×103 16×102 12×103

ILFS-7-LT 15×104 15×102 11×103

ILFS-16-HT 18×104 10×102 09×103

ILFS-16-LT 20×104 12×102 10×103

ILFS-12-HT 21×104 19×102 13×103

ILFS-12-LT 20×104 18×102 16×103

ILFS-14-HT 22×104 12×102 14×103

ILFS-14-LT 23×104 20×102 18×103

ILFS-19-HT 25×103 18×102 14×103

ILFS-19-LT 24×104 17×102 16×103

ILFS-21-HT 28×104 19×102 15×103

ILFS-21-LT 27×104 18×102 17×103



1.8 Phytoplankton Density and Diversity

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of the phytoplankton samples were done and the results are given in Tables 10(a) and 10(b).

The population density was recorded from 8285 to 10452 Nos. /L. The minimum phytoplankton density was recorded at station 14 during

high tide (Coleroon estuary) while maximum was in the open sea (Station ILFS- 6-HT).

TABLE 10 (a) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various station of ITPCL Power project site

Sl.No. Name of the Species

Nos./L

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Nitzschia longissima 640 530 280 320 280 260 240 270 264 283

2 Navicula henneydii 136 132 170 216 216 142 138 142 140 136

3 Stephanopyxis palmeriana 216 128 210 218 132 138 136 128 126 132

4 Planktoniella sp. 210 214 186 178 124 148 152 342 286 170

Ceratiaceae

5 Ceratium sp. 152 * 138 140 140 132 148 150 166 154

6 C. furca 168 140 108 140 * 150 130 124 140 156

7 C. lineatum 160 148 128 * 158 154 158 130 134 180

Chaetocereae

8 Bacteriastrum sp. 128 124 126 * 110 132 130 148 140 150

9 B. hyalinium 140 248 * 132 138 160 142 150 158 134

10 B. delicatulum 128 130 150 128 168 152 152 160 168 140

11 B. varians 140 108 156 128 130 150 128 168 140 *

12 Chaetoceros affinis * 152 146 164 160 * 174 * * 180

13 C. clacitrans 470 460 492 372 360 345 360 380 376 342

14 C. coarctatus 346 328 326 342 350 360 346 328 312 308

15 C. debilis 155 154 156 138 120 128 * 132 140 *

Biddulphoidae




16 Biddulphia heteroceros 140 130 136 160 142 154 136 142 128 154

17 B. reticulate 140 120 150 140 160 154 180 170 186 146

Coscinodisceae

18 Coscinodiscus centralis 126 130 140 146 140 170 148 137 190 216

19 C. gigas 134 140 166 154 152 180 * 130 144 136

20 C. granii 142 116 172 146 116 173 142 130 162 132

21 Cyclotella sp. 142 132 132 142 128 120 142 122 132 136

22 Skeletonema costatum 112 162 138 132 142 162 172 100 116 *

23 Melosira borreri 360 286 240 282 264 262 280 260 346 324

24 Lauderia borealis 540 350 346 260 340 376 325 312 340 320

25 Thalassiosira sp. 154 136 132 140 136 158 128 132 134 170

Eucampiinae

26 Eucampia sp. 160 118 138 242 180 124 160 264 276 247

27 E. groenlandica 138 * * 150 164 162 142 160 212 127

28 E. zoodiacus 160 132 142 151 230 430 126 178 118 *

Fragilariaceae

29 Diatoma anceps 260 250 248 234 320 180 170 160 320 286

30

Thalassionema

nitzschioides * 154 138 190 148 174 156 178 130 140

31 Thalasiosira subtilis 156 174 174 154 140 188 172 146 170 176

32 T. punctigera * 250 236 * * 278 214 142 148 154

Naviculoideae

33 Gyrosigma acuminatum 170 160 146 156 242 230 240 250 164 172

34 G. balticum 340 360 280 264 250 260 244 266 188 170

35 Pleurosigma normanii 420 320 * 430 128 180 170 190 170 150

36 Astrionella sp. 242 150 130 276 246 230 240 216 170 160

37 A. glacialis 254 256 260 242 230 246 250 234 256 242

Peridiniaceae

38 Peridinium claudicans 326 325 254 260 280 270 260 240 250 194

39 Protoperidinium oceanicum 150 160 124 160 1460 187 130 146 180 170




Soleniae

40 Leptocylindrus danicus 170 178 164 130 144 136 144 102 116 118

41 Rhizosolenia alata 216 176 264 234 264 218 214 210 240 340

42 R. styliformis 466 458 462 450 286 670 534 526 270 260

43 R. imbricate 140 150 140 150 106 112 * 122 130 126

Pyrophacaceae

44 Pyrophacus steinii 155 150 * 166 122 130 138 212 224 172

45 Dinophysis acuta 138 142 120 134 142 140 142 * 132 149

46 D. caudata 158 128 138 148 130 120 130 156 178 182

Triceratiinae

47 Lithodesmium undulatum 140 152 140 160 240 250 236 240 254 260

48 Odontella mobiliensis 138 140 150 198 216 210 250 218 242 244

Cyanophyceae

49 Oscillatoria sp. 214 256 136 254 218 * 232 254 238 188

50 Anabaena circinails 322 280 260 274 260 286 276 264 260 250

Total 10212 9717 8768 9525 10452 9871 9157 9461 9604 8876

* Organisms not present

TABLE 10 (b) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various station of ITPCL Power project site


Nos./L

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Nitzschia longissima 246 254 460 280 240 230 240 650

2 Navicula henneydii 158 128 132 134 130 128 130 154

3 Stephanopyxis palmeriana 146 130 324 326 142 150 148 140

4 Planktoniella sp. 186 178 168 134 150 158 151 140

Ceratiaceae

5 Ceratium sp. 214 140 154 * 170 176 158 148




6 C. furca 128 130 150 128 168 152 152 160

7 C. lineatum 128 132 148 140 150 152 160 164

Chaetocereae

8 Bacteriastrum sp. 128 124 152 312 118 128 * 128

9 B. hyalinium 142 260 240 142 140 152 180 128

10 B. delicatulum 108 140 * 150 130 124 140 156

11 B. varians 150 130 124 140 152 152 160 168

12 Chaetoceros affinis 188 * 138 140 171 * 216 *

13 C. clacitrans 290 260 240 260 140 276 284 480

14 C. coarctatus 316 324 310 294 286 246 260 320

15 C. debilis 152 142 144 134 138 * 164 150

Biddulphoidae

16 Biddulphia heteroceros 130 142 134 128 126 110 114 126

17 B. reticulate 166 170 156 128 130 180 174 130

Coscinodisceae

18 Coscinodiscus centralis 180 154 168 * 130 120 126 134

19 C. gigas 142 162 128 150 144 148 142 160

20 C. granii * 160 138 135 118 128 147 182

21 Cyclotella sp. 142 148 144 148 146 130 126 176

22 Skeletonema costatum * 156 154 134 128 120 162 *

23 Melosira borreri 208 240 254 260 272 270 316 324

24 Lauderia borealis 342 * 312 * 276 320 360 384

25 Thalassiosira sp. 216 216 142 138 142 130 128 130

Eucampiinae

26 Eucampia sp. 253 * 127 234 128 150 264 250

27 E. groenlandica 141 140 126 130 144 228 155 144

28 E. zoodiacus 242 175 128 182 126 * 164 162

Fragilariaceae

29 Diatoma anceps 170 160 182 160 140 314 240 250

30 Thalassionema nitzschioides * 160 144 188 128 128 196 140




31 Thalasiosira subtilis 214 256 136 254 218 158 * 164

32 T. punctigera 148 160 * 144 * 176 148 244

Naviculoideae

33 Gyrosigma acuminatum 164 152 182 160 146 180 160 180

34 G. balticum 160 148 182 190 176 250 360 350

35 Pleurosigma normanii 140 172 164 180 146 160 420 450

36 Astrionella sp. 170 130 140 150 160 180 180 160

37 A. glacialis 280 246 270 264 262 264 314 326

Peridiniaceae

38 Peridinium claudicans 245 160 * 240 260 164 350 340

39 Protoperidinium oceanicum 180 210 246 240 164 160 160 140

Soleniae

40 Leptocylindrus danicus 124 162 148 * 182 114 180 172

41 Rhizosolenia alata 264 218 270 216 264 216 216 218

42 R. styliformis 246 250 * 260 270 286 464 463

43 R. imbricate 148 126 182 * 164 132 138 160

Pyrophacaceae

44 Pyrophacus steinii 142 130 141 138 142 214 156 164

45 Dinophysis acuta 140 146 142 130 180 130 160 156

46 D. caudata * 164 156 172 142 164 156 148

Triceratiinae

47 Lithodesmium undulatum 270 246 168 180 160 260 170 160

48 Odontella mobiliensis 180 160 * 164 188 186 148 152

Cyanophyceae

49 Oscillatoria sp. 176 148 150 152 144 266 * 224

50 Anabaena circinails 246 246 230 222 242 240 316 326

Total 8649 8285 8228 8285 8313 8600 9553 10475

*Organisms not present




1.9. Zooplankton Density and Diversity

As done for phytoplankton, Zooplankton density were studied in the coastal waters of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai, and

the observed results are given in Tables 11(a) and 11(b). The population density varied from 6358 to 8304 Nos./m3. The minimum density

was recorded at station 11 (Vellar estuary) in high tide and maximum was in the open sea (station ILFS-2-HT).

TABLE 11(a) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-

16-LT

Protozoans

1 Globigernia sp. 186 * 100 120 * 196 92 148 166 160

2 G. rubescense 286 132 156 132 140 228 184 146 122 132

3 G. bulloides 156 172 142 132 132 120 130 126 134 132

4 G. opima * 148 130 140 152 140 160 164 162 *

Annelida

5 Polychaete larvae 210 134 126 128 162 156 234 214 178 *

Calanoid Copepod

6 Acartia danae 156 152 126 142 138 126 120 162 178 140

7 A. erythraea 112 126 128 142 158 150 189 267 133 112

8 A. spinicauda 128 130 142 181 152 130 131 114 154 208

9 Acrocalanus gibber 142 178 164 159 168 156 186 196 202 136

10 A. gracilis 128 * 138 292 126 128 412 286 195 336

11 Calanopia minor 110 236 136 156 146 140 144 * 166 176

12 Centropages furcatus 236 146 214 216 146 154 232 268 246 218

13 Eucalanus sp. 124 * 212 * 140 130 256 234 214 178

14 E. elongates 150 264 162 144 160 158 124 136 * 166

15 Labidocera acuta 132 148 112 190 156 176 * 182 148 192




16 Nannocalanus minor 268 242 114 132 134 138 110 110 124 120

17 Paracalanus parvus * 196 232 147 120 * 132 164 146 138

18 Pseudodiaptomus aurivilli 122 246 214 137 136 144 146 140 130 148

19 Rhincalanus sp. 282 231 186 * 154 150 142 150 158 *

20 Temora stylifera 110 126 128 132 82 80 138 120 128 130

Harpacticoid copepod

21 Clytmnestra scutellata 214 232 240 168 128 160 110 248 124 218

22 Euterpina acutifrons 124 120 126 250 188 160 210 226 218 260

23 Longipedia sp. 288 234 212 130 178 146 114 116 120 124

24 Macrosetella gracilis 214 * 156 156 190 172 214 * 200 128

25 Microsetella sp. 350 182 162 134 140 130 110 114 142 140

26 M.rosea 186 168 138 94 180 154 92 78 86 92

27 Metis jousseaumei * 128 122 130 150 138 * 108 128 126

Cyclopoid copepod

28 Corycaeus catus 142 136 132 168 120 126 152 146 164 160

29 Oithona brevicornis * 168 214 166 186 * 178 * 170 *

30 O. linearis 160 180 106 140 140 132 144 136 128 140

31 O. rigida 140 142 146 156 116 * * 138 142 140

32 O. similes 340 110 * * * 140 120 150 * 170

33 Oncaea sp. 280 108 138 134 142 128 150 186 164 160

34 Sapphirina sp. 160 128 140 152 144 150 * 138 128 164

Coelenterate

35 Aurelia aurita * 126 * 130 * 138 128 126 142 133

36 Diphysis sp. 156 150 130 * 100 94 120 * 140 148

Spirotrichea

37 Dictyocysta sp. 320 * 140 158 210 * * 216 * 148

38 Favella brevis 340 164 138 124 128 118 126 140 144 220

39 F. philipiensis 320 80 70 70 * 84 66 * 120 92

40 Tintinnopsis tubulosa 221 122 * 218 138 128 * 180 108 128

Hydroida




41 Obelia sp. 125 132 128 166 132 * 140 100 114 118

Decapoda

42 Lucifer hanseni 182 282 214 164 170 150 114 116 * 116

Other Crustacean forms

43 Barnacle nauplii * 206 188 183 160 * 148 130 145 *

44 Copepod nauplii 240 180 132 124 * 144 176 120 128 218

45 Mysis larvae 140 * 210 281 154 172 98 118 * 128

46 Crab zoea * 150 142 142 160 * * 181 142 136

Mollusca

47 Gastropod veliger 206 128 130 134 * 214 214 125 * 231

Larvacea

48 Oikopleura parva 130 142 154 154 230 142 130 136 160 142

49 O. dioica * 110 116 264 140 156 143 250 * 242

Rotatoria

50 Brachionus sp. 142 214 * 196 154 150 208 212 142 162

51 B. calciflorus 146 188 128 226 148 132 64 142 138 130

Total 8304 7417 7114 7534 6728 6358 6731 7403 6621 7336


TABLE 11(b) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Protozoans

1 Globigernia sp. 196 152 172 * 116 142 234 232

2 G. rubescense 228 130 128 126 124 130 246 138

3 G. bulloides 120 210 214 242 140 160 152 *

4 G. opima 140 216 210 232 122 132 140 138




Annelida

5 Polychaete larvae 156 196 142 162 188 148 152 220

Calanoid Copepod

6 Acartia danae 126 152 136 132 170 216 216 142

7 A. erythraea 150 266 187 194 130 140 196 147

8 A. spinicauda 130 331 241 200 138 136 187 126

9 Acrocalanus gibber 156 181 183 241 226 132 120 110

10 A. gracilis 128 147 * 236 132 130 110 112

11 Calanopia minor 140 148 150 150 130 132 140 132

12 Centropages furcatus 154 * 166 150 196 276 132 232

13 Eucalanus sp. 130 128 196 142 * 124 214 104

14 E. elongates 158 156 128 136 170 130 146 99

15 Labidocera acuta 176 168 164 * 68 72 110 158

16 Nannocalanus minor 138 138 114 118 128 118 132 148

17 Paracalanus parvus * 148 150 162 280 164 150 164

18 Pseudodiaptomus aurivilli 144 210 216 182 100 120 140 134

19 Rhincalanus sp. 150 142 138 128 154 150 140 164

20 Temora stylifera 80 140 * 152 * 150 218 *

Harpacticoid copepod

21 Clytmnestra scutellata 160 78 80 100 * 156 142 148

22 Euterpina acutifrons 160 224 218 280 132 148 * 144

23 Longipedia sp. 146 138 134 132 148 * 154 140

24 Macrosetella gracilis 172 160 150 142 130 132 120 140

25 Microsetella sp. 130 158 142 138 140 133 166 *

26 M.rosea 154 148 140 130 122 * 132 130

27 Metis jousseaumei 138 172 142 148 * 140 144 138

Cyclopoid copepod

28 Corycaeus catus 126 174 * * 230 140 * 220

29 Oithona brevicornis * 156 124 128 120 130 156 138

30 O. linearis 132 * 156 128 88 38 56 74




31 O. rigida * 128 146 130 110 142 130 *

32 O. similes 140 172 152 * 140 * 124 142

33 Oncaea sp. 128 138 150 156 144 138 116 114

34 Sapphirina sp. 150 * 156 * 150 140 128 140

Coelenterate

35 Aurelia aurita 138 156 136 142 167 183 142 156

36 Diphysis sp. 94 146 * 188 140 138 186 163

Spirotrichea

37 Dictyocysta sp. * * 170 172 166 224 * 128

38 Favella brevis 118 154 218 188 188 144 134 114

39 F. philipiensis 84 124 * 102 188 230 206 228

40 Tintinnopsis tubulosa 128 * 146 152 126 142 30 150

Hydroida

41 Obelia sp. * * 140 172 150 140 160 154

Decapoda

42 Lucifer hanseni 150 113 * * 150 142 134 152

Other Crustacean forms

43 Barnacle nauplii * 160 * 140 150 140 154 164

44 Copepod nauplii 144 164 148 122 134 152 135 140

45 Mysis larvae 172 * 140 140 150 154 160 140

46 Crab zoea * 192 212 130 148 170 160 140

Mollusca

47 Gastropod veliger 214 142 130 132 140 152 164 170

Larvacea

48 Oikopleura parva 142 136 142 128 110 120 132 156

49 O. dioica 156 240 250 216 156 120 128 130

Rotatoria

50 Brachionus sp. 150 214 412 149 130 138 136 126

51 B. calciflorus 132 212 214 * 122 130 130 140

Total 6358 7358 7383 6970 6881 6958 7134 6919





2.0. Macro benthos Density and Diversity

Macrobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 12(a) and 12(b).

TABLE 12(a) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-

16-LT

Polychaetes

1 Amphictesis gunneris 75 25 50 50 25 25 25 50 25 25

2 Arenicola loveni 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 50

3 Capitella capitata 50 75 50 50 25 75 50 50 75 25

4 Ceratonersis sp. 50 75 75 25 50 50 50 25 25 25

5 Cirratulus africanus * 25 25 50 75 25 75 50 50 75

6 C. concinnus 25 50 50 * 50 50 * 75 25 50

7 Cirriformia afer 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 100 25

8 Euclymene annandalei 75 50 50 75 50 * 50 75 75 75

9 E. lombricodes 25 25 50 25 25 50 25 25 100 25

10 E. oestedii 50 25 75 25 100 25 75 50 50 50

11 Euclymene sp. 25 50 25 50 50 50 50 25 75 75

12 Eunice antennata 50 75 75 75 75 75 75 50 25 25

13 E. penata 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 75 25 50

14 Glycinde kameruniana 50 50 25 50 50 50 50 50 50 75

15 Gonidopsis incerta 25 75 75 75 25 25 75 25 25 25

16 Isolda whydahensis 75 25 50 25 50 50 25 50 50 50

17 Lumbriclymene minor 50 50 25 50 75 75 50 25 75 25




18 Lumbrineris albidentata 25 25 50 25 25 75 25 * * 50

19 Lumbrineris sp. 75 25 50 25 50 25 50 75 25 75

20 Megalolona sp. 50 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 25 25

21 Microphthalmus sp. 75 25 75 25 75 50 50 75 75 75

22 Nephtys dibranchis 25 50 50 25 25 50 25 25 50 50

23 Notomastus aberans 50 50 75 25 25 75 50 25 75 75

24 Notomastus aberans 75 75 25 75 25 50 50 50 25 50

25 Prionospio ehlersi 25 75 50 25 25 25 25 25 50 75

26 P. sexoculata 50 25 75 75 25 50 50 50 100 25

27 P. cirrobranchiata 50 50 50 50 25 50 50 * 50 25

28 P. malmgreni 75 75 75 25 25 * 75 25 25 50

29 P. polybranchiata 25 25 25 25 75 25 25 50 50 75

30 Scolelepis lefebure 25 50 25 25 25 50 50 25 75 25

31 Scolelepis sp. * 25 75 25 75 75 75 75 50 50

32 Streblosma persica 50 75 * 50 25 25 25 50 75 75

CRUSTACEANS

1 Ampithoe rubricata 50 50 25 25 25 75 75 25 50 50

2 Campylaspis sp. 100 50 50 25 25 75 100 25 25 50

3 Copepod nauplii 75 75 25 75 50 25 50 50 100 50

4 Nannastacus sp. 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 * 75 75

BIVALVES

1 Anandara uranosa 25 50 50 * 25 25 25 50 25 25

2 Goudia sp. 50 25 25 25 50 25 * 50 75 25

3 Crassatellidea sp. 75 75 75 25 50 25 75 75 * 25

4 Nuculana sp. * 25 25 75 25 50 50 50 25 50

5 Limopsidea sp. 100 50 * 25 50 75 75 25 50 25

6 Donex scorlum 50 50 25 50 75 75 25 50 50 50

7 Meritrix meritrix 50 50 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 50

GASTROPODS

1 Polinices melanostomus 25 75 50 25 50 50 25 50 50 25




2 Cerithedia cingulata 100 25 25 25 50 50 50 75 75 25

3 Turritella attenuata 50 50 50 50 25 * 75 75 * 75

4 Nassarius variegatus 75 50 25 25 50 * 50 50 25 75

5 Natica lineata 25 50 25 25 100 50 25 25 25 25

6 Vexillum crebriliratum 100 25 25 50 75 50 25 * 25 50

7 Bullia vitta 50 75 75 50 50 50 25 50 50 *

Total 2425 2350 2175 1875 2175 2125 2200 2125 2400 2300


TABLE 12(b) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site

Sl.No. Name of the Species Nos/m2

ILFS-12-HT ILFS-12-LT ILFS-14-HT ILFS-14-LT ILFS-19-HT ILFS-19-LT ILFS-21-HT ILFS-21-LT

Polychaetes

1 Amphictesis gunneris 50 50 25 50 50 50 50 25

2 Arenicola loveni 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75

3 Capitella capitata 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 50

4 Ceratonersis sp. 75 75 75 25 25 75 75 75

5 Cirratulus africanus 25 25 50 50 50 25 25 50

6 C. concinnus 50 50 25 75 75 50 50 25

7 Cirriformia afer 25 25 50 25 75 25 25 50

8 Euclymene annandalei 25 25 50 50 25 50 50 75

9 E. lombricodes * 25 25 * 50 75 75 25

10 E. oestedii 50 25 50 25 25 25 50 50

11 Euclymene sp. 25 25 75 75 50 50 75 25

12 Eunice antennata 50 25 50 25 50 25 25 50

13 E. penata 50 25 75 25 75 50 50 75

14 Glycinde kameruniana 75 75 25 25 50 50 25 25

15 Gonidopsis incerta 75 25 50 25 25 25 50 75

16 Isolda whydahensis 25 75 75 25 50 50 75 25

17 Lumbriclymene minor 50 25 25 25 75 75 25 50




18 Lumbrineris albidentata 50 50 50 25 50 50 50 25

19 Lumbrineris sp. 75 25 75 25 75 75 75 50

20 Megalolona sp. 50 25 25 25 50 50 50 25

21 Microphthalmus sp. 25 25 75 75 75 75 75 25

22 Nephtys dibranchis 75 50 50 25 25 25 25 *

23 Notomastus aberans 25 75 75 50 50 50 50 50

24 N. aberans 50 25 25 25 75 75 75 25

25 Prionospio ehlersi 25 50 50 25 25 25 25 50

26 P. sexoculata 50 25 25 25 25 25 50 50

27 P. cirrobranchiata 25 75 75 25 25 25 25 75

28 P. malmgreni 75 25 75 50 50 50 50 25

29 P. polybranchiata 25 50 25 75 25 75 25 50

30 Scolelepis lefebure 50 * 50 50 50 * 50 50

31 Scolelepis sp. 25 25 25 25 25 25 75 75

32 Streblosma persica 50 75 50 50 75 50 25 25

CRUSTACEANS

1 Ampithoe rubricata 25 25 75 100 25 75 75 25

2 Campylaspis sp. 25 50 75 75 50 50 75 75

3 Copepod nauplii 50 75 25 50 75 25 25 75

4 Nannastacus sp. 75 50 50 75 75 25 75 25

BIVALVES

1 Anandara uranosa 25 25 75 25 50 25 25 *

2 Goudia sp. 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 25

3 Crassatellidea sp. 50 50 50 25 50 50 50 75

4 Nuculana sp. 75 75 50 50 75 75 75 50

5 Limopsidea sp. 25 50 25 25 50 50 50 25

6 Donex scorlum 100 25 50 50 25 25 25 25

7 Meritrix meritrix 50 50 75 25 75 50 25 75

GASTROPODS

1 Polinices melanostomus * 25 100 50 25 50 50 50




2 Cerithedia cingulata 25 25 50 50 25 25 75 75

3 Turritella attenuata 25 75 50 25 25 100 * 50

4 Nassarius variegatus 75 25 25 25 75 * 75 *

5 Natica lineata 25 25 50 50 25 25 25 50

6 Vexillum crebriliratum 50 25 25 75 50 50 50 25

7 Bullia vitta 50 50 100 25 25 75 50 50

Total 2225 2050 2600 2050 2400 2300 2425 2200


2.1. Meiobenthos Density and Diversity

Meiobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 13(a) and 13(b).

TABLE 13(a) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Nematodes

1 Astomonema sp. 13 19 12 6 * 8 2 7 6 5

2 Araeolaimus longicauda 7 9 9 9 5 6 * 12 8 5

3 Daptonema conicum 7 7 5 3 7 10 13 6 3 10

4 Desmodora sp. 12 10 5 9 8 13 8 8 8 6

5 Desmoscolex sp. 9 8 7 8 15 * 13 8 13 9

6 Oxystomina sp. 9 2 2 12 7 6 15 10 15 14

7 Pandolaimus sp. * 10 7 7 8 8 6 9 6 8

8 Pselionema sp. 9 3 7 9 * * 16 11 6 11

9 Quadricoma sp. 11 8 4 4 7 10 8 13 7 8

10 Spirinia sp. 13 11 9 10 * 9 * 8 13 11




11 Theristus sp. 7 7 5 6 4 6 11 15 4 6

12 Tricoma sp. 4 4 7 13 10 5 * 6 * 12

13 Viscosia sp 6 5 4 7 15 7 10 * 9 7

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii 6 5 4 7 7 * 2 7 9 6

2 Discorbis sp. 7 18 5 6 13 16 9 6 6 17

3 Elphidium sp. 5 5 5 6 7 6 11 7 15 4

4 Eponides repandus 7 5 10 7 12 6 11 9 9 2

5 Globigerina rubber 19 12 6 * 8 2 7 6 5 7

6 Lagena marginata 9 9 9 5 6 * 12 8 5 12

7 Loxostomina sp. 7 5 3 7 10 13 6 3 10 7

8 Quinqueloculina sp. 10 5 9 8 13 8 8 8 6 12

9 Rosalina globularis 8 7 8 15 15 13 8 13 9 2

10 Rotalia calcar 2 2 12 7 6 * 10 15 14 6

11 Spirolina limbata 10 7 12 8 8 6 9 6 8 12

12 Spiroloculina sp. 3 7 9 * * 16 11 6 11 4

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 8 4 14 7 10 8 13 7 8 10

2 Euterpina acutifrons 11 9 10 * 9 * 8 13 11 4

3 Metis ignea 4 5 7 5 * 13 13 5 10 4

4 Microsetella sp. 2 5 4 7 7 7 7 7 12 10

5 Tisbe furcata 7 2 10 6 15 15 15 6 8 5

Ostrocodes

1 Candona candida 5 5 6 8 6 18 6 4 6 12

2 Cytheromorpha fuscata 12 10 14 8 7 6 10 6 10 8

3 Leguminocythereis oertlii 3 8 2 * 10 * * * 9 5

4 Patagonia theretricostata 7 4 6 15 6 9 9 7 7 12

5 Tanella sp. 4 6 * 6 7 9 8 5 6 4

Total 263 248 248 241 268 259 295 267 292 277





TABLE 13(b) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Nematodes

1 Astomonema sp. 7 8 19 6 7 5 8 5

2 Araeolaimus longicauda 12 9 13 5 10 11 7 11

3 Daptonema conicum 7 8 6 7 4 10 5 9

4 Desmodora sp. 12 6 4 12 6 14 11 5

5 Desmoscolex sp. 2 5 7 12 7 9 9 11

6 Oxystomina sp. 6 7 8 8 5 9 5 11

7 Pandolaimus sp. 12 5 2 2 15 * 9 8

8 Pselionema sp. 4 9 8 10 5 8 14 11

9 Quadricoma sp. 10 4 18 12 8 9 9 4

10 Spirinia sp. 4 4 2 5 7 14 4 *

11 Theristus sp. 12 11 5 10 9 4 14 5

12 Tricoma sp. 7 8 5 22 12 9 9 9

13 Viscosia sp. 5 9 12 7 9 9 4 14

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii 12 2 4 7 10 12 6 9

2 Discorbis sp. 5 2 5 5 10 9 6 6

3 Elphidium sp. 12 2 7 5 * 14 4 *

4 Eponides repandus 12 10 4 12 10 10 13 9

5 Globigerina rubber 8 19 6 7 5 8 5 13

6 Lagena marginata 9 13 5 * 11 7 11 7

7 Loxostomina sp. 8 6 7 4 10 5 9 7

8 Quinqueloculina sp. 6 4 12 6 14 11 5 12




9 Rosalina globularis 5 7 12 7 9 9 11 9

10 Rotalia calcar 7 8 8 5 9 5 11 9

11 Spirolina limbata 5 2 2 15 * 9 8 *

12 Spiroloculina sp. 9 8 10 5 8 * 11 9

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 4 18 12 8 9 9 4 11

2 Euterpina acutifrons 4 2 5 7 14 4 * 13

3 Metis ignea 4 6 8 7 9 7 10 *

4 Microsetella sp. 7 5 4 8 7 12 12 10

5 Tisbe furcata 4 2 4 4 12 * 6 9

Ostrocodes

1 Candona candida 4 6 6 6 6 12 12 7

2 Cytheromorpha fuscata 7 9 7 * 6 7 8 *

3 Leguminocythereis oertlii 5 14 6 6 6 9 8 14

4 Patagonia theretricostata 8 * 2 2 12 * 10 13

5 Tanella sp. 10 8 7 6 4 5 4 6

Total 255 246 252 250 285 275 282 276




CONCLUDING REMARKS

In the present survey, which lasted for two days (29th - 30th August 2018), the physico-

chemical and biological parameters were analyzed both in the water and sediment samples from

18 stations at ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai. The physico-chemical parameters did not

vary much except a few parameters which showed only minimal variations. Further, the results

of physico-chemical and biological parameters indicate that the water is well oxygenated and

nutrients were adequate supporting fairly good plankton population as the planktonic organisms

form the base in the food chain. The dominant diatom species recorded during this survey were

Gyrosigma balticum, Pleurosigma elongatum, and Asterionella glacial. Further, dinoflagellate species

such as Ceratium furca and Ceratium fuscus were recorded commonly during the survey. Besides,

macro benthic species like Eunice sp., Nephtys sp., Prionospio sp., and Cirratulus sp., were

predominantly occurred in the ITPCL, Parangipettai coastal waters which reflect the stable

nature of the ecosystem. Not only is that, the metal concentration in coastal water and sediment

samples indicates that it is well within the ERM (Effective Range Median) values which means

that there are no possibilities of Heavy metal contamination in the region.

In short, the values of the seawater quality, sediment quality and biotic components in

and around the ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai suggested that the physico-chemical

parameters were found more or less similar to the previous month (July) and are within the

permissible range, which is quite common and comparable to the levels recorded in the coastal

waters elsewhere.

DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING …...estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved oxygen estimation were transferred

Documents