Data Logger 31.07.10

Design, Development and Testing of a low cost 29-channel Data Logger using a Microcontroller and Visual Basic Display

Dissertation Report Submitted by Dipak Kr. Das

Registration No:081600410014 Roll No:08160044007

Under the Supervision of

Dr. S . Chattopadhayay

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS’ TRAINING AND RESEARCH KOLKATA, 2010

April 8, 2023 Electrical Departmemt / NITTTR, Kolkata 1

Contents1. Introduction

2. Different type of Data Logger

3. Literature Review

4. System Design Approach

5. Methodology and Block Diagram of the System

6. Microcontroller Configuration

7. Hyper Terminal Setting

8. Serial Port Configuration

9. Display Window Design Using VB 6.0

10. Data Display Method

11. Conclusion

12. Future Scope of Work

13. Appendix

14. Reference

April 8, 2023 Electrical Department / NITTTR, Kolkata 2

Introduction

The basic function of data loggers is to automatically make a record of the reading of instruments located at different parts of the plants.

Data loggers measure and record effortlessly, as often and as accurately desired.

Basic parts of a data logger is

A. Input Device

B. Signal conditioner

C. A/D Converter

D. Programmer

E. Recording equipment and display device(PC)

along with power supply device.

April 8, 2023Electrical Departmemt / NITTTR, Kolkata 3

IntroductionInput Devices:1.The data logger senses only digital signals and hence analog signals, it may converted

to digital signal. The digitals signals employed because it measures very small(or large) signals accurately and fast.

2.An analog device is capable of measuring with an error of 0.5 to 1%( from both ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’),whereas a digital device can be obtained with an error of any 0.01%.

Applications: Data loggers are invariably used in power generation plants, petrochemical installations, continuous process plants, engine testing, component testing ,etc.

Signal Conditioner:


Introduction

A/D Converter:

Programmer:

This is used to set up the channel programs, so that output functions and alarm limit can be arranged for individual channels or group of channels.

The sequential operations performed by a programmer are as follows:

1. Set linearization factor so that the adjusted output from the signal amplifier is directly proportional to measured quantity.

2. Select input signal scanner switching is set normally by a timing pulse to select the reset input.

3. Start A/D conversion.


Introduction

4. Record reading channel identify and time. In order that the reading may be identified at a later stage, a number identifying that the input has been normally recorded, with the actual reading and the time during the during the beginning of each complete scan.

5. Reset logger. At the end of cycle the A/D converter sections of the logger are reset to their initial condition and the cycle starts again.

Recording equipment and display device (PC):

Different type of programming language can be used for recording and display like C, C++, Visual Basic, Labview (with DAS card), etc.

Different Types of Data Loggers

Wireless Data Logger: Wireless is inherently more flexible than a traditional cabled solution because it helps eliminate the cost and overhead associated with wired measurement applications

Programmable Data Loggers: Programmable data-logging hardware from National Instruments combines flexible software with modular hardware to create customizable PC-based data loggers.

Low-Cost Portable Data Loggers: With these data loggers, you can easily make temperature and humidity measurements with no programming required. Common use cases include verifying environmental conditions for manufacturers, agriculture or horticulture monitoring, and server room monitoring.

April 8, 2023 Electrical Departmemt / NITTTR, Kolkata Page-7


Embedded Data Loggers

Low-cost portable Data Loggers

Programmable Data Loggers



Low-Cost Portable Data Loggers

Programmable Data Loggers Wireless Data Loggers Embedded Data Logging System

Price in USD $63–$97 $169–$4,000 $499–$1,999 >$2,500

Measurement Temperature, HumidityTemperature, Humidity, Pressure,

Thermocouple, Event, Voltage, Any Sensor

Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Thermocouple, Event, Voltage, Any

Sensor

Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Thermocouple, Event, Voltage, Any

Sensor

Topology Stand-Alone PC-Based PC-Based Stand-Alone

Software Basic Turnkey Configurable or Programmable Configurable or Programmable Programmable

Custom User Interface No Yes Yes Yes

Data Storage < 40,000 Samples PC Hard Drive PC Hard Drive< 512 MB Internal, 4 GB SD

Expansion,External USB

Fastest Sampling Interval10s

(6 S/min)1.25us

(800 kS/s)10us

(100 kS/s)1.25us

(800 kS/s)

Size(cm)

9.8 x 2.6 x 2.6 Varies 21.4 x 9.5 x 10.2 18 x 8.8 x 8.8

Display LED, LCD PC Monitor PC Monitor HMI Connection

Power Varies 9 to 30 VDCRedundant

9 to 35 VDC

ExtremeRuggedness

No No No Yes


Literature Review Sumon Saha, Md. Tofiqul Islam and M Zakir Hossain introduce or design a Low

Cost Multi Channel Data Logger. Development of a low-cost multi-channel (eight to twenty two channels) data logger can easily be made and easily be used to convert the analog signal of physical parameters of various tests. Interfacing these signals using ADC with the parallel port of a computer satisfies the very goal of data communication. The user friendless and reliability in using PC and channel selector multiplexers further add to the versatility of the Data logger. Design and implementation of such equipment cost only at US$30, makes it very inexpensive comparative to other commercially available data loggers.

Robert R. Dedrick1, John D. Halfman 2 & D. Brooks McKinney describe an Inexpensive, Microprocessor-Based Data Logging System. Which The PIC 16C73A, 8-bit, microcontroller (Microchip Technology, Inc) is well suited for an inexpensive data logger. Segregating host communications functions into the reader: (1) reduces the number of components and complexity of the logger thus reducing the cost of each logger, (2) allows the data logger to operate at the lower, power-saving clock frequency discussed above.Excluding the housing, parts for the logger cost under $20, and for the reader cost under $35.


Literature Review M.Moghavvemi represented a paper on Simple Low Cost Data Acquisition

System for Remote Sensing of Relative Humidity and Temperature. It is combining logic circuit together with programming technique to control the hardware for remote sensing of temperature and relative humidity. The sensor circuit converts the relative humidity and temperature into an analog signal, which will applied to a microcontroller based data logger for storage purpose. The is transferred to the computer through RS232 standard serial port. The system can be real time and offline.

Kiran Kanukurthy, Student Member, Mathew B. Cover, David R. Andersen covers data acquisition unit for an Implantable Multi-Channel Optical Glucose Sensor. This new technology relies on the unique optical characteristics of glucose in a near infrared spectrum. The sensor element will be implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of the human body. The data acquisition unit acquires optical data from the sensor and converts it into spectral data for processing.


Literature Review

ILhyeon Moon, Saeron Han, 1Kwansun Choi, Dongsik Kim, Changwan Jeon, , Jongsik Lim, Ahn Dal,Sunheum Lee, Sangyeon Woo-Microcontroller based Data Logger System The data logger will be based around ATMEGA 128 microcontroller. This has a built-in analog-to-digital (ADC) with a conversion accuracy of 12-bits as well as memory. The interface program was implemented as a software adoptable for graphical user interface environment using Visual C++.


System Design Approach

Key features and basic difference from others system given below:

1. System contains 29 channel data logging with a single 8051 microcontroller.

2. The system software is user friendly and written in VB6.0.

3. Data is collected from DB-9 serial port of the PC from hardware and displayed on the screen of the monitor.

4. Precise analog signal conversion using 8bit A/D converter.

5. All the data acquired by the system is logged into database. The database store data with date and time until the system stop. Easy to understand

6. System is simple, low cost, reprogrammable, and easy to understand.


Methodology and Block Diagram of the System General Block Diagram of the System:


Methodology and Block Diagram of the System

Methodology:Following steps are taken to collect data in the database:1. Various types of process parameter such as temperature, Pressure, Level etc. are taken

from sensor in terms of voltage(0-5V Max) as a input of multiplexer or ADC by selecting proper channel using microcontroller.

2. ADC converts the analog voltage into a digital value and sends the digital value into port2 of microcontroller.

3. By proper controlling signal (Start, End of conversion, Output Enable, External Clock) data is transmitted from ADC to Microcontroller port2.The data is collected at SBUF register. The data is transmitted through MAX232 IC along with serial port.

4. The data are collected in the database using Visual Basic Software.


Methodology and Block Diagram of the System Following steps are taken in Visual Basic Software:

I . At first data are taken from serial port. Data can be check from computer hyper terminal.

II. In level box data are taken. This data can update with time by using a proper programming loop.

III. But the level box data are in from of a character data. Using Val function in Visual Basic Software programming code data transfer as a integer with fractional parts.

IV. When no sensor is connected to the system then its output is zero taking scale factor a zero or blank.

V. Connecting proper sensor at the input of the system we see parameter value in the level box putting the value of the multiplication factor.

VI. The parameters data can found in the database for printing or any analysis for the process in future.


Microcontroller Configuration

Embedded System General Block Diagram:

Microcontroller(uC)

sensor

sensor

sensor

Sensor conditioning

Output interfaces

actuator

indicator

Microcontroller ConfigurationCommon Microcontrollers:

•Atmel •ARM •Intel

•8-bit •8XC42 •MCS48 •MCS51 •8xC251

•16-bit •MCS96 •MXS296

•National Semiconductor •COP8

•Microchip •12-bit instruction PIC •14-bit instruction PIC

•PIC16F84 •16-bit instruction PIC

•NEC

•Motorola •8-bit

•68HC05 •68HC08 •68HC11

•16-bit •68HC12 •68HC16

•32-bit •683xx

•Texas Instruments •TMS370 •MSP430

•Zilog •Z8 •Z86E02


Pin diagram of 8051 Microcontroller:


Microcontroller configuration

On-Chip Facilities Overview (Original 8051):

Parallel Input/Output Ports System Clock Generator Serial Port Timers Interrupt Control

Microcontroller ConfigurationsI/O Ports:

Port0latch

Port1latch

Port2latch

Port3latch

Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3

• Each port can be input or output. Port1 is connected with 10 k-ohm resistance.• Direction is set in Special Function Registers

Microcontroller Configuration System Clock Generator:

Inputcircuit

8051clock

Original 8051 uses 12 clock cycles per “machine cycle”

External crystal oscillator

Microcontroller Configuration Transmitter and Receiver pin of 8051:

SerialPort

TX (transmit)

RX (receive)

Data sent and received seriallyBAUD rate must agree between sender and receiverTransmission modes selected using SFR

Original 8051 had one serial port

Microcontroller ConfigurationInternal Timers:

Original 8051 has 2 timers

16 bits

TH0 : TL0Timer 0

16 bits

TH1 : TL1Timer 1

Timers increment on each system clockTimer registers (TH0, TL0, TH1, TL1) can be read or written toTimer overflow can cause “interrupts” or set SFR bits high


Port selection of 8051 microcontroller with ADC and analog multiplexer:


Microcontroller ConfigurationMultiplexer Channel Selection Truth Table

P

0.7

P

0.6

P

0.5

P

0.4

P

0.3

P

0.2

P

0.1

P

0.0

Port 0(Hex)

P

1.7

P

1.6

P

1.5

P

1.4

P

1.3

P

1.2

P

1.1

P

1.0

Port 1(Hex)

Ch.

No.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01H C1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02H C2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 03H C3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 04H C4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 05H C5

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 06H C6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 07H C7

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C8

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H C9

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20H C10

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30H C11

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 40H C12

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 50H C13

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 60H C14

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10H 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 70H C15

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C16

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C17

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 22H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C18

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 23H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C19

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 24H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C20

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 25H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C21

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 26H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C22

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 27H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C23

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C24

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 40H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C25

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 50H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C26

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 60H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C27

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 70H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H C28


Microcontroller Configuration:

Start

Configure port 2 as input

Configure other Port as output

Configure Timer1 in mode 2 (TMOD register)

Load appropriate value in TH1 and TL1 register for serial communication speed

Start serial mode and configure SCON register

Enable serial interrupt



Programming flowchart:

Select Proper analog I/P Channel by Controlling P1 and P0

Start A/D conversion

Read Data from ADC and store into Accumulator/Register

Start

Place the Data into SBUF register and transmit it

Place the data to transmit a particular format

Infi

nite

Loo

p


Microcontroller Configuration Program Example:

#include <reg51.h >

sbit start=P3^3;

sbit end=P3^4;

sbit oe=P3^5;

sbit ale=P3^6;

sbit clock=P3^2;

------------------------

TMOD=0x22;

TH1=0xE6;

SCON=0x50;

TR1=1;

EA=1;

ES=1;

case 1: P0=0x00;

P1=0x01; latch();

startConv();

wait();

get();

reading=P2;

sendReading(reading);

channel++

break;

ConfigurationLoop

Complete Circuit Diagram


HyperTerminal Setting

The data display on PC The data display on hyper terminal in PC Before display the data set the hyper terminal:

Connect: COM1

Bits per Second:1200

Data bits:8

Parity: None

Stop bits:1

Flow control : None

The hyper terminal file display the data like this(given below): P000,097,255,213,112,127,098,087,067,096,064,123,178,212,111,119,045,067,034,037,099,091,054,072,049,012,167,167,134


Serial Port Configuration

Serial Port-DB9 pin description: The bellows fig. no. 4 represents pin connection of DB9 connector which is connected between microcontroller and PC. Data logger system takes only two pins that is pin no. 2 and 5.


Serial Port Configuration 8051 and MAX232 connection with DB-9:

1. RS232 standard is not TTL compatible. A driver MAX232 chip required to convert RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels and vice versa.

2. Advantage MAX 232 chip is that it uses same source which, is the same source voltage for the 8051.The MAX232 has two sets of line drivers for transferring and receiving data. Here we used only one set, as shown in the fig. no. 5.

3. Drivers used for TxD are called T1 and T2 and RxD are called R1 and R2.There are four capacitor used in MAX232 chip. Commonly used value is 10μF.


Display Window Design Using VB 6.0Visual Basic Display Window Contains- About the Software Start Button. Spot Button. Box for 29 channels data output. Box for 29 channels Multiplication factor. Record data with time and date. Button for delete data. Button for plotting the graph. Exit Button.


Data Display Method

Visual Basic Project Window:


Data Display MethodOutput Curve from Channel-1:


Conclusion1.The System take 4 sec time to update record 29 channels data at a time. Theoritically

it is 1 sec approx. It is due to RC delay in breadboard. If it is implemented in PCB then it will be 1 sec.

2. The system baud rate is 1200 in the microcontroller. It can set up or increase upto 9600. Then the speed of the over all system comes in the order of few milliseconds.

3. System gives a small amount of error due voltage conversion process between A/D converter and Visual Basic Software.

4. Previous data can delete from the display window using delete command and record data can be print from Microsoft Access file for data analysis.

5. System can take different sensor at different channel. Then the multiplication factor must be different.

6. Time and Date is automatically update from PC for different sample value process parameter.


Future Scope of Work

This project can be implemented at different way: To increment the no of channels in the system rest of pin in the microcontroller

connect as a input and build a new truth table for it. We can implement this project with higher version of microcontroller like PIC,

ARM series in which in ADC, Watch-dog Timer etc. is there. The communication process between hardware and PC may be parallel port or USB. The access and display technique may be done by using C language, MATLAB,

Labview etc.


Appendix

Component List: IC1-AT8C051-1pcs IC2-ADC 0808-1pcs IC3-CD4051B-2pcs IC4-MAX232-1pcs IC5-555 Timer-1pcs DB-9 serial port connector-1 Set 12 MHz Crystal oscillator-1pcs Capacitor: 10µF-5pcs. 30µF-2pcs. Resistance: 10KΩ-11pcs


ReferenceFrom Journals: 1. Suman Saha, Md. Tofiqul Islam and M Zakir Hossain,“Design of a Low Cost Multi Channel Data

Logger,” Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.1, No.1, June 2006.

2. Weihong Ji, Piran C. L. White and Mick N. Clout, “ Contact Rates between Possums Revealed by Proximity Data Loggers,” The University of Auckland and University of York, Heslington, Journal of Applied Ecology 2005 42,595-604

3. Dogan Ibrahim, “Data Logger for Teaching Data Captureing and Analysis to Engineering Students,” Department of Computer Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Wiley InterScience DOI 10.1002/cae.20281

4. McCracken GI, Janssen J, Steen N and deJager M, “A clinical evaluation of a novel data logger to determine compliance with the use of powered toothbrushes,” J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 838–843.

5. Kiran Kanukurthy, Mathew B. Cover and David R. Andersen, “Data Acquisition Unit for an Implantable Multichannel Optical Glucose Sensor,” eit2007 – Electro/Information Technology Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 17-20 May, 2007.


Reference

6. Robert R. Dedrick, John D. Halfman & D. Brooks McKinney, “An Inexpensive, Microprocessor-Based, Data Logging System,” November, 1999, Manuscript Number: 99-104.

7. Gus K Lott, Bruce R. Johnson and Robert H. Bonow, “ Windows Based Data Acquisition and Event Analysis Software Package for Physiology in Classrooms and Research Labs,” Janelia Fram Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147.

8. Patrick O. Bobbie, Chaitanya Deosthale and Walter Thain, “ A mote-based Data Acquisition System for Real Time Health Monitoring,” Southern Polytechnic State University, 1100 S. Marietta Parkway, Marietta, GA 30060, USA

9. Keonwoo Kim, Dowon Hong, Kyoil Chung, and Jae-Cheol Ryou, “ Data Acquisition from Cell Phone Using Logical Approach,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 32 2007

10. Taha Landolsi and A. R. Al-Ali, “ Wireless Stand-alone Portable Patient Monitoring and Logging System,” Computer Engineering Department, Sharjah, UAE, Journal Of Communications, Vol. 2, No. 4, June 2007.

Reference11. Yu-zhen Zhu, Xin Zhou and Xiang-sheng Zang, “Data Acquisition System for Chemical Kinetic Studies,” Journal of Automatic Chemistry Vol. 11, No. 3 (May-June 1989), pp. 113-118

12. Ami Arbel, Abraham Seidmann “Selecting a Microcomputer for Process Control and Data Acquisition,” Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978,Israel.

From Books:

1. M.A.Mazidi, J.G.Mazidi, D.Mckinlay, “The Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using assembly and C” , P.H.I Pvt. Ltd

2. Ajay V Deshmukh, “Miocrocontrollers Theory and Applications”, T.M.H Publication Company Ltd.

3. Manoharan, “Microcontroller Based System Design,” Scitech Publication Private Limited.

THANK YOU


Data Logger 31.07.10

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