Dark Romanticism & Dark Romanticism & Transcendentalism: Transcendentalism: The American Renaissance/Naissance The American Renaissance/Naissance (1840-1860) (1840-1860) Light Romanticism = Dark Romanticism = Transcendentalis m = “Those who dream by day are aware of many things which escape those who dream only by night.” Edgar Allan Poe
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Dark Romanticism & Transcendentalism: The American Renaissance/Naissance (1840-1860) Light Romanticism = Dark Romanticism = Transcendentalism = “Those.
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Dark Romanticism & Dark Romanticism & Transcendentalism:Transcendentalism:
The American The American Renaissance/NaissanceRenaissance/Naissance (1840-1860)(1840-1860)Light Romanticism =
Dark Romanticism =
Transcendentalism =
“Those who dream by day are aware of many things which escape those who dream only by night.”
Edgar Allan Poe
Where did the DR/Gothic movement originate?
I. DR Literature I. DR Literature (Anti-(Anti-Transcendentalism): Transcendentalism): Can the world be reshaped? Synonymous with gothic lit./novel.
A. Pessimistic / Revealed man’s dark side (used dread, terror, suspense to hold attention)
B. Psychological / Introspective
C. Heavily symbolic
D. Believed sin, pain, evil existed (tales of shame, obsession, revenge, madness)
E. Nature cruel & unexplainable (ruins, overgrowth, dark forests, wind-swept plains)
F. Depressed, insane characters (man is foolish and self-destructive)
G. DR Heroes – lofty, haunted, alienated
“A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesman and philosophers and divines.” --Ralph
Waldo Emerson
H. Modern Impact?
1. Alluring antagonists
“…evil is a consequence of good, in fact, out of joy is sorrow born.”
Edgar Allen Poe
G. US lack of tradition = Fear (history of strife / vast wilderness / classless society)
2. Persecuted young women
3. Fascination w/criminal process
Gothic Gothic ArchitectureArchitecture
II. Transcendental II. Transcendental Literature: Literature: Still positive but increasingly
philosophical (thinking) side of Romanticism.
A. Universe & individuals connected B. True reality is spiritual
(contemplating nature leads to spirituality)
C. Idealists (like Emerson & Thoreau)
D. Linked to Concord, 1st US artist’s colonyE. Inspired by Immanuel Kant
(18th century philosopher)
“Transcendentalism is often composed of nothing more substantial than smoke, moonshine, and raw potatoes.”