Context-Aware Middleware Solutions Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly Emergency Assistance to Elderly People People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari University of Bologna Quality Assurance and Devices In Telemedicine 4 조 조조조 , 조조조 , 조조조
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Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari University of Bologna
Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People. Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari University of Bologna Quality Assurance and Devices In Telemedicine. 4 조 김병렬 , 이승환 , 홍창기. Outline. One line comment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Context-Aware Middleware Context-Aware Middleware Solutions Solutions for Anytime and Anywherefor Anytime and AnywhereEmergency Assistance to Elderly Emergency Assistance to Elderly PeoplePeople
Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca MontanariUniversity of Bologna
Quality Assurance and Devices In Telemedicine
4 조 김병렬 , 이승환 , 홍창기
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 2
OutlineOutline
One line comment
Motivation/Problem
Approach
Analysis
Experiments
Critique
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 3
One line commentOne line comment
Context awareness for anytime and anywhere assistance manage ad hoc assistance groups
Context awareness is a crucial in group management supports
Context awareness can also help to reduce bystander apathy
Ubiquitous
A B
Emergency assistance Ad hoc Network
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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Motivation & ProblemMotivation & ProblemAnytime and anywhere outdoor assistance requires
1. formation of first response groups wherever emergency events occurs
Not only medical personnel, but also friends, neighbors, and passer-by can contributePotential helpers may suffer from bystander apathy
2. the interactions among first responders needed to make rapid decisions in unexpected situations
to coordinate assistance tasks depending on user skills, location, and device characteristics
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ApproachApproachThe Approach
Group feelingThe interaction among assistance team members are facilitated
Context Awarenesscrucial in the design of group management supportsreduce bystander apathy if passer-by know who is helping and which activities are being performed
Challenges
FriendsElderly patient
Emergency !!
Physician
Neighbors
?Passer -by
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Analysis Analysis AGAPE model
AGAPE group management is based on the locality concept to establish well-defined group management boundaries.
In AGAPE each LME identifies one specific locality and supports group management operations for only the group members placed within its locality.
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AnalysisAnalysisAGAPE Architecture
Group management layer provides the services needed to create/dissolve and manage group
Group communication layer provides services to support asynchronous message-oriented communication
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
PENS- Proximity Enabled Naming Service- randomly generates and assigns GIDs and PIDs- senses advertisements sent at regular times by ME/LME via PS(proximity service)- build a table that associates each entity with its GID/PID, IP address, and role(ME or LME)
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AnalysisAnalysisGroup creation
occurs when the group is first created(by an LME) and any time an entity(ME/LME) need to join a group
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AnalysisAnalysisGroup Management support
PS- Proximity service- exploits a bounded flooding protocol to limit advertisement message propagation within specific locality
bounded flooding protocol - LME broadcasts an advertisement containing its GID/PID, IP address , role, and a counter representing the h parameter - each entity receiving the message decrements the counter and rebroadcasts the message until the counter has 0 (a null value)
h- Maximum radius of locality in network hop
J/LMS- Join/Leave Manager Service- allows entities to discover and join/leave groups of their interest- discovery and joining rely on visibility of group/user/device profiles
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AnalysisAnalysisJoining
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AnalysisAnalysisGroup Management support
VMS- View Manager Service- creates, maintains and disseminates views to group members at regular times- view contains the list of co-located group members along with their profiles(context-dependent view)- bounded flooding protocol, similarly to PS
view- group member PID/IP address(obtained from PENS)- user/device profile(obtained by J/LMS during the joining phase)
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LME coordinationTo cope with mobility-induced changes in group membership, VMS coordinates with PENS to obtain the notification of arrival, departure and disconnection of a group member entity, and updates views accordingly.
AnalysisAnalysis
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AnalysisAnalysisGroup Communication support
CS- Communication Service- select message receivers of interest and forward messages- exploits user/device profiles(context-aware message forwarding)
MSS- Message Scheduler Service- dynamically assign priority to messages depending on application-specific(context-aware message scheduling)- MSS builds a priority table that associates each user/device/group profile with priority level.
MPMS- Message Presentation Manager Service- message content adaptation according to profile(context-aware message presentation)
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Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET) scenario- IEEE 802.11b(wireless cards)- static IP- AODV(Ad hoc On Demanding Distance Vector) routing protocolXybernauts MA-V wearable device -Elderly users and physicians
Pc Expo inJapan 2001.6.29 http://www.watch.impress.co.jp
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Elderly patient device LMEAll other device MesPhysicians and ordinary people are located close to the elderly patient(eye contact proximity)Devices may be placed at different distances from a few meter to 100m
When an anomalous arrhythmia is detected- LME formation of an assistance team PS: advertise its availability PENS: generate GID/PID and set up the table for the group- MEs sense advertise via their PENS Upon group detection- ME passer-by join the group- LME inserts the new group member profile in the view return the view to new group member
While the elderly patient is waiting for help- context-dependent views may change
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Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 19
Experimental ScenarioExperimental ScenarioIntervention plan and user application
to reduce bystander apathy
Emergency notification by sound signal at increasing volume
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Provide to-do and how-to list (European Resuscitation Council guidelines)
Propagate the to-do list update
All messages require scheduling and format adaptation- physician can assign higher priority to her message- directly assist the patient in speech mode
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EvaluationEvaluationMeasure
Responsiveness- outdoor- small area with large number of devices
Battery degradation
ResultsResponsiveness in outdoor- 4 laptops + 16 PDAs- group creation - patient’s device requires a few hundred millsec - group joining – trade-off between responsiveness and network overload
Responsiveness in small area with large number of devices-2 – 200 passers-by- IEEE 802.11 network, 2Mb/s, 250m connectivity range- one patient’s device in a 1km square area- degrades in presence of 100 nodes due to packet losses
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EvaluationEvaluationResults
Battery degradation-VMS requires continuous IEEE 802l.11 connections-reasonable choice in range between 10-15s
CommentsSocio-psychological and aesthetic
It is hardly realistic to expect elderly to walk around with heavy laptops
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CritiqueCritique
Strong pointsGroups are created on demand on the basis of context awareness
Provide online context aware group communication functionality
Modular design
Wider range of usage with sensors
context awareness is a crucial property in the design of group management supports for anytime and anywhere assistance and can also help to reduce bystander apathy.
aware that socio-psychological and aesthetic deeply impact on the success/failure of their prototype adoption.
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CritiqueCritique
Weak pointsSecuritytrade-off between elder privacy and exposure of monitored, sensitive, health-related information
Safety critical system. What if there are no nodes in connectivity range of 250m, What if device is out of battery? This is also critical problem.
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New ideaNew idea
As you know…Reliability concerned with network bandwidth and connectivity should be considered significantly in emergency assistant system.
Context aware middleware is essential application not only in telemedicine, but also in all other ubiquitous environments like home networks.
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New ideaNew ideaHome networks
Set-top box is nowadays a web server at home
Connect all devices to set-top box include the door lock system
Your PDA has your profile except password
When your PDA is connected to the home server devices know your profile and customize services