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BackgroundBackground
Two previous UN conferences on population Two previous UN conferences on population concernsconcerns
1974 1974 World Population Conference in BucharestWorld Population Conference in Bucharest-produced the World Population Plan of Action-produced the World Population Plan of Action 1984 International Conference on Population in 1984 International Conference on Population in
Mexico City Mexico City --88 further recommendations added to the Plan of Action88 further recommendations added to the Plan of Action The Plan of Action was the foundation for the draft of The Plan of Action was the foundation for the draft of
the Programme of Actionthe Programme of Action
1992 1992 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Convention on Biological Diversity
-established international the relationship between -established international the relationship between development and the environmentdevelopment and the environment
5 regional population conferences from 1992-19935 regional population conferences from 1992-1993-Asia and the Pacific-Asia and the Pacific
-Africa-Africa
-Europe and North America-Europe and North America
-Latin America and the Caribbean-Latin America and the Caribbean
-Arab States-Arab States
Smaller sub-regional preparatory meeting and expert Smaller sub-regional preparatory meeting and expert groupsgroups
Round table discussion on important issuesRound table discussion on important issues
Shaping the Draft of the Programme of ActionShaping the Draft of the Programme of Action
Major targets for 2015Major targets for 2015
Reproductive health services for allReproductive health services for all Universal primary educationUniversal primary education Closing the gap between female and male Closing the gap between female and male
education by 2005education by 2005 Reduction of infant mortality rate below 35 per Reduction of infant mortality rate below 35 per
1000 live births, and under-five mortality rate 1000 live births, and under-five mortality rate below 45 per 1000 live births.below 45 per 1000 live births.
Reduction of maternal mortality 75% below Reduction of maternal mortality 75% below 1990 levels1990 levels
Contents of the Programme of ActionContents of the Programme of Action
Chapter IIIChapter III Interrelationships Interrelationships between Population, Sustained between Population, Sustained Economic Growth and Economic Growth and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development
Chapter IV, Gender Equality, Chapter IV, Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Equity and Empowerment of WomenWomen
Chapter V, The Family, Its Chapter V, The Family, Its Roles, Rights, Composition and Roles, Rights, Composition and StructureStructure
Chapter VI, Population Growth Chapter VI, Population Growth and Structureand Structure
Chapter VII, Reproductive Chapter VII, Reproductive Rights and Reproductive HealthRights and Reproductive Health
Chapter VIII, Health, Morbidity Chapter VIII, Health, Morbidity and Mortalityand Mortality
Chapter IX, Population Chapter IX, Population Distribution, Urbanization and Distribution, Urbanization and Internal MigrationInternal Migration
Chapter X, International Chapter X, International MigrationMigration
Chapter XI, Population, Chapter XI, Population, Development and EducationDevelopment and Education
Chapter XII, Technology, Chapter XII, Technology, Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development
Chapter XIII, National ActionChapter XIII, National Action Chapter XIV, International Chapter XIV, International
CooperationCooperation Chapter XV, Partnership with Chapter XV, Partnership with
the Non-Governmental Sectorthe Non-Governmental Sector
Dr. Nafis Sadik, Secretary-General of the International Dr. Nafis Sadik, Secretary-General of the International
Conference on Population and DevelopmentConference on Population and Development
““You should not be modest about your You should not be modest about your achievements. Compared with any earlier achievements. Compared with any earlier document on population and development, this document on population and development, this Programme of Action is detailed in its analysis; Programme of Action is detailed in its analysis; specific in its objectives; precise in its specific in its objectives; precise in its recommendations and transparent in its recommendations and transparent in its methodology. In our field, it represents a methodology. In our field, it represents a quantum leap to a higher state of energy.” quantum leap to a higher state of energy.”
Verbal complaintsVerbal complaints AfghanistanAfghanistan Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam El Salvador El Salvador HondurasHonduras JordanJordan KuwaitKuwait Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibyan Arab Jamahiriya NicaraguaNicaragua ParaguayParaguay the Philippinesthe Philippines Syrian Arab RepublicSyrian Arab Republic United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates Yemen Yemen
Written complaints.Written complaints. ArgentinaArgentina DjiboutiDjibouti the Dominican Republicthe Dominican Republic EcuadorEcuador EgyptEgypt GuatemalaGuatemala the Holy Seethe Holy See IranIran MaltaMalta Peru Peru
Progress madeProgress made
1.3% annual growth rate as opposed to the 1.7% 1.3% annual growth rate as opposed to the 1.7% from 1975-1990from 1975-1990
Almost universal reduction of fertility in 1990sAlmost universal reduction of fertility in 1990s Reproductive health programmes established in Reproductive health programmes established in
many countriesmany countries Raising contraceptive use among couples Raising contraceptive use among couples
indicating greater access to family planningindicating greater access to family planning Average life expectancy at birth in the world Average life expectancy at birth in the world
increased by about 2 years increased by about 2 years
ChallengesChallenges
UNFPA estimates that 137 million women who UNFPA estimates that 137 million women who want to use contraception cannot obtain itwant to use contraception cannot obtain it
920 women die for every 100, 000 lives births in 920 women die for every 100, 000 lives births in Sub-Saharan Africa, as opposed to the 24/100, Sub-Saharan Africa, as opposed to the 24/100, 000 in Europe000 in Europe
Lack of information on youth sex. Lack of information on youth sex. -1.3 billion 10-19 year olds, the largest generation -1.3 billion 10-19 year olds, the largest generation
of teenager in historyof teenager in history Significantly falling short on spendingSignificantly falling short on spending
Journal of Public Health reviewJournal of Public Health review
OptimismOptimism Obama has removed the Obama has removed the
Mexico City PolicyMexico City Policy The chance for a The chance for a
combination of forces with combination of forces with HIV/AIDS objectivesHIV/AIDS objectives
The Cairo conference had The Cairo conference had the right ideasthe right ideas
ChallengesChallenges Abortion still a contested Abortion still a contested
issueissue HIV/AIDS drives focus and HIV/AIDS drives focus and
money away from population money away from population concerns.concerns.
Millennium Development Millennium Development goals leave out many sexual goals leave out many sexual and reproductive health and reproductive health issuesissues
ConclusionConclusion The ICPD was a landmark event The ICPD was a landmark event Substantial changes have been affectedSubstantial changes have been affected Significant challenges remainSignificant challenges remain Hope for future changesHope for future changes
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