Danida support to IWRM– South Africa From policy to Implementation water & forestry provincial & local government
Jan 27, 2016
Danida support to IWRM– South Africa
From policy to Implementation
water & forestry
provincial &local government
IWRM I
• Guidelines and policy• Water Conservation, CMAs and Groundwater• Limited capacity building• Limited developmental projects
Difference between participation and empowerment
• Empowerment is the expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people to participate in, negotiate with, influence, control, and hold accountable institutions that affect their lives(Narayan, Deepa (Ed,) Empowerment and Poverty Reduction
A Sourcebook The World Bank, Washington, 2002, p.xviii).
Difference between participation and empowerment
• If we are to capacitate people to be able to claim their rights, we have to ensure that approaches adopted to achieve these outcomes are effective, appropriate for their situation and allow sufficient time for the capacity development of marginalized groups and their representatives to be able to articulate their needs
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to Development
• The rights-based approach to development sets the achievement of human rights as the objective of development. It uses thinking about human rights as the scaffolding of development policy. It invokes the international apparatus of human rights accountability in support of development action. In all of these, it is concerned not just with civil and political rights, but also with economic, social and cultural rights
(Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 1998),
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) - Empowerment
• Human rights is empowering. It has the potential to empower people at the grass roots level into believing that they have a right to education, to health care or any of the other rights proclaimed in international instruments
(Human Rights Council of Australia- 1998)
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) -Accountability
• Accountability is firmly anchored in the human rights based approach to development. All partners in the development process: local, national, regional and international must accept higher levels of accountability.
• Not only does it establish claims but also establishes obligations to meet these claims and identifies the corresponding duty-bearers.
(UN Commission of Human Rights – Poverty Reduction Guidelines)
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) - Participation
• Popular participation must extend to all parts of community life, including the definition and formulation of development policies and programmes, as well as their international implementation, monitoring and supervision
(Declaration by UN Working Group on the Right to Development – UN Commission of Human Rights - 1996)
Rationale for approach to IWRM South Africa
UN CESCR 2002 General Comment No 15
DUBLIN PRINCIPLES
WATER
Rome Declaration
FOOD SECURITY
Governance
Millenium Declaration MDGs
National Water Act
Constitution and Bill of Rights
South African Framework
Sustainable Development Sustainable WMIs
Empowerment
Rights Based Approach
Declaration on Right to Development
Vienna Declaration
Copenhagen Summit
POVERTY ERADICATION
Bejing Declaration
CEDAW
GENDER
Copenhagen Summit
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
International Conventions, Resolutions and Agreements
Key Components of Support
• Building Stakeholder Commitment
• Institutionalising CMAs
• Integrating IWRM into service delivery
• Link to each outcome mapped out in Masibambane III
MOZAMBIQUE
CapeTown
Port Elizabeth
East London
Durban
Pretoria
Johannesburg
Bloemfontein
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
NAMIBIA
1. 2.
8. 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
18.
19.
17.
14.
ProvincialBoundaries
Water ManagementArea Boundaries
WATER MANAGEMENT AREA
1. LIMPOPO 2. LUVUVHU AND LETABA 3. CROCODILE (WEST) AND MARICO 4. OLIFANTS 5. INKOMATI 6. USUTHU TO MHLATUZE 7. THUKELA 8. UPPER VAAL 9. MIDDLE VAAL10. LOWER VAAL11. MVOTI TO UMZIMKULU12. MZIMVUBU TO KEISKAMMA13. UPPER ORANGE14. LOWER ORANGE15. FISH TO TSITSIKAMMA16. GOURITZ17. OLIFANTS/DOORN18. BREEDE19. BERG
3.4.
5.
6.
7.
CMAs and IWRM WMA
Key issues Sector Wide Approach
• Need to move to SWAP– Integration within DWAF– Whilst DWAF is sector leader needs strong
linkages with other government departments
– Vehicles such as Masibambane critical
CMAs
• Need to ensure that basin organisations (CMAs) do not maintain the status quo but are vehicles for IWRM and sustainable development in the holistic sense
• Moreover CMAs are a vehicle for redressing the past and those previously marginalised can benefit to the maximum and actively participate in local WRM issues.
Inter-governmental
• Considerable effort has been taken to engage other government departments
• Creating fora for dialogue• At an operational level
– Bring all key actors on board wherever possible with respect to pilot/demonstration projects to ensure integrated approaches and linkages to local and provincial development plans (e.g. KZN)
– Use of Metro to capacitate other municipalities
Other donors and NGOs
• Task has been to ensure complementarity's and avoid duplication
• Involve donors in key milestone activities• Draw on their experiences e.g. FAO and food
security ITC/ILO gender• Ensuring real collaboration on the ground e.g.
UK/EPA, Netherlands, USAID• Partnering funding
Other donors and NGOs
• EXAMPLES 1– EU Water for Development Programme– Netherlands capacity develop for rural
communities – USAID Community involvement in non-
revenue management– UK/EPA developing stakeholder
partnerships for CMAs
Other donors and NGOs
• EXAMPLES 2– Netherlands: Water Boards– FAO: Food Security– ITC/ILO Flemish Community GPE– WWF Partnership capacity building WUAs– DFID licensing
IWRM II
Empowerment Projects
Selected Examples
Preliminary Framework
Presentation Workshop
Invitation for proposals from
CMFs
Short-long lists
Interaction with beneficiaries with respect to detailed design, including their role in
implementation and the establishment of monitoring systems
Capacity buiding
Other Govt. Department
s
Detailed financing
plan Community Implementatio
n Plan
INCEPTION PHASE
Agree Implementation
Framework
DETA
ILED
IM
PLEM
EN
TA
TIO
N P
LA
N W
ITH
C
OM
MU
NIT
Y B
UY
IN
LOCAL COMMITTEES ENGAGEMENT IN DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
DESIGN PHSE
Capacitate Selection Committee
Selection committee nominated
Design workshop
Site Visits
Broker Workshop
TransformationIrrigationBoards
Sandveld
Strand 1LG and/or
DWAF
Water Harvesting?Mvoti Umzimkulu
Olifants Doorn
Others being identified
with DIR WUE
Others being identified
with DIR WUE
Crocodile West-Marico
Others being identified
with DIR WUE
Strand 2Metros
Integrated Agriculture
demo
Urban agriImpact on resource
Food security& HIV/AIDS
Communities &Non-revenuemanagement
The “Three Metros”
Resource pollution
Mvoti Umzimkulu
(Ethekwini)
Crocodile West-Marico
Pollution
Strand 3CommunitiesFood security
“mini” CMS
WetlandsRehab & Food
Organic baby foodwomen’s
cooperative
WC/DM Awareness
GroundwaterProtection
Emerging Farmers
Food security
Mvoti Umzimkulu
Olifants Doorn
Food Security
Sustainable Water-wise Food GardenDoringbaai Multipurpose Centre
Semi-commercial scale
Capacity Building & Training
Big Roof Project - Bitterfontein
Rainwater harvesting Food Security
II
Job creation through agriculture (organic rooibos tea & vegetables)
Improve food security
Organic Rooibos Tea Nursery & Baby FoodBreevlei Landbou Wupperthal
Develop additional land
II
Job creation through agriculture (organic
vegetables)
Improve food security
Petersfield Youth Emerging FarmersPetersfield Citrusdal
Purchase additional land & water
II
Groundwater monitoring
& spring protection
Safer drinking waterIn deep rural areas
Swartruggens Ceres Karoo Groundwater Protection & Climate Change Monitoring
Climate change monitoring
IWRM South Africa
Challenges
Challenges
• Embedding concept of budget support• Synchronising of budgets especially
when more than one government department involved
• Allowing sufficient time for empowerment
• Balance between strategic and on the ground projects
Risks
• Human resources
• Donor budget support not achieving what intended to
• Continued marginalisation of vulnerable groups
• WMA dynamics skewed and approaches differ
Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development through IWRM - (1)
Top down &
bottom up
Making it
happenLearning &
adaptation
Healthy
catchments- protecting the
source of our water:
ecological services &
whole catchment
planning
Resilient
catchments- protecting water
resources under climate
chaos: resilience &
whole catchment
planning
Water for
emerging
black farmers- water is vital to the
second economy and
empowerment
of HDIs
Water
for industry- moving towards
sustainable production
in the energy, forestry
& commercial
farming sectors
Water
for all- access to basic
water services - multiple
use services - meet
Millennium Devt
goals
Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development through IWRM - (2)
Energy
security
Climate
security
First
economyUnsustainable
production
in the energy, forestry
& commercial
farming sectors
First
economySustainable (resource
efficient) production
in the energy, forestry
& commercial
farming sectors
Second
economy- handouts
& dependency
Second
economy- sustainable
livelihoods &
empowerment
Food
security
Water
security
Transform
Transform
Way Forward
• Share our approach – influence yours ( SWAP)
• Learn from Masibambane / Sector
• Multiplier effect
• More holisitic approach to IWRM and water for growth and development