Dallas, Delta and Southwest Respond to Feds' Motion to Dismiss

8/20/2019 Dallas, Delta and Southwest Respond to Feds' Motion to Dismiss

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KD VOG WDKVGF PVJVGP FKPVXK@V @BWXV

EBX VOG DBXVOGXD FKPVXK@V BE VG_JP

FJAAJP FKUKPKBD

@KV[ BE FJAAJP, §

\ajkdtkee, §v. § @kvka J`tkbd Db. 0>:7-`v-


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k

VJHAG BE @BDVGDVP

K. Kdtrbfu`tkbd ............................................................................................................................. :

KK. Hj`icrbudf .......................................................................................................................... 0

J. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ Wsuja Jutobrkty........................................................................... 0

H. Vog Srkcot Jmgdfmgdt Xgebrm J`t be 8


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kk

VJHAG BE JWVOBXKVKGP

@jsgs Jhhbtt Ajhbrjtbrkgs v. Cjrfdgr ,

0?3 W.P. :05 (:;53) ............................................................................................................ :3, :;

Jajhjmj ‐ @busojttj Vrkhg be Vgx.v. Wdktgf Ptjtgs, 373 E.0f 6?6(7to @kr. 8


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kkk

Njeegg v. W.P ., 7;8 E.8f

3:8 (0f @kr.), `grt. fgdkgf ,

66: W.P. ;5: (:;3;) .................................................................................................................. :7

Iobfjrj Gdvkrbdmgdtja, Kd`.v. Hur`o, 867 E. Pupp. 8f

(S.F. \j. 8


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@KV[ BE FJAAJP‛ XGP\BDPG VB FBV‛P MBVKBD VB FKPMKPP BX

VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg :


EBX VOG DBXVOGXD FKPVXK@V BE VG_JP

FJAAJP FKUKPKBD

@KV[ BE FJAAJP, §

\ajkdtkee, §v. § @kvka J`tkbd Db. 0>:7-`v-

K. Kdtrbfu`tkbd

@bdcrgss ojs strkppgf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs be tog tktag 6; gdebr`gmgdt nurksfk`tkbd bd

wok`o togy hjsg togkr mbtkbds. Dbdg be tog prg`gfgdt bd wok`o mbvjdts rgay ks jppak`jhag tb tog

sktujtkbd ogrg, wogrg tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs j`t kd fkrg`t vkbajtkbd be `bdcrgsskbdja akmkts bd togkr

pbwgrs. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs wgrg nbkdgf tb toks j`tkbd hg`jusg togy kssugf agttgrs kd vkbajtkbd

be tog prbokhktkbds bd togkr pbwgrs js stjtgf kd tog Srkcot Jmgdfmgdt Xgebrm J`t be 8


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg 8

wrkttgd hy FBV‛s cgdgrja `budsga (‑tog Agttgrs”). Vog Agttgrs ojf agcja `bdsgqugd`gs jdf

mjdfjtgf tojt gktogr tog @kty fgdy skcdjtbry jkrakdgs be togkr prgegrgdtkja agjsg rkcots br rksi

abskdc kts jvkjtkbd crjdts. SJXJ ebrhkfs tog egfgrja jcgd`kgs tb usg tktag 6; gdebr`gmgdt tb jatgr

prgegrgdtkja cjtg rkcots jt Abvg Ekgaf gx`gpt bd j djtkbdwkfg hjsks. Hg`jusg tog Agttgrs fkrg`tgf

tog @kty tb tjig j`tkbd tojt jfvgrsgay jeeg`tgf kt, tog @kty nbkdgf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs tb toks

j`tkbd. Bday jetgr tog @kty ekagf toks ajwsukt jdf okcoakcotgf tog Agttgrs‛ ejkaurg tb `bdskfgr

SJXJ, fkf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs àjkm tog Agttgrs wgrg mgrgay cukfjd`g jdf jìdbwagfcg tojt

SJXJ wjs dbt `bdskfgrgf. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ btogr rgspbdsg wjs tb kssug j dbtk`g be

kdvgstkcjtkbd. Js gvkfgd`gf hy tog Dbtk`g be Kdvgstkcjtkbd, tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jrg stkaa

torgjtgdkdc tb gdebr`g tog udajweua pbak`kgs sgt but kd tog Agttgrs wokag trykdc tb prgvgdt toks

@burt erbm gxgr`kskdc kts nurksfk`tkbd. Sogd tog @kty ekagf toks ajwsukt, togrg wjs db

kdvgstkcjtkbd, hut tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs dbw urcg kt js j hjsks ebr togkr nurksfk`tkbdja mbtkbd tb

fksmkss.

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jrcug tojt togkr sbvgrgkcd kmmudkty ojs dbt hggd wjkvgf hg`jusg

togrg ojs hggd db ekdja jcgd`y j`tkbd. Jatgrdjtkvgay, togy jrcug tojt toks `jsg sobuaf hg

trjdsegrrgf tb tog F.@. @krùkt jdf jasb sggi j stjy. Bd`g jcjkd, togy kcdbrg SJXJ jdf fb dbt

fksùss kts gxprgss akmktjtkbds bd tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ jutobrkty jt Abvg Ekgaf. Vogy jasb

kcdbrg tojt 7 W.P.@. § 3


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Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs be togkr usuja jutobrkty js kt rgajtgs tb Abvg Ekgaf jdf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs ‛

j`tkbds kd kssukdc tog Agttgrs jdf dbw stjrtkdc j rgtjakjtbry kdvgstkcjtkbd wgrg butskfg be hbto

jcgd`kgs‛ jutobrkty jdf nurksfk`tkbd. Vogkr mbtkbd jdf jaa be togkr rgqugstgf rgakge sobuaf hg

fgdkgf. Ekdjaay, tog mbtkbds kcdbrg toks @burt‛s pbwgr tb prbtg`t kts bwd nurksfk`tkbd kd toks bd-

cbkdc `jsg erbm kdjpprbprkjtg kdtgregrgd`g. 8? W.P.@. § :57:(j).

KK. Hjìcrbudf

J. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ Wsuja Jutobrkty

FBV ks tog pjrgdt jcgd`y be EJJ jdf EJJ jfmkdkstgrs tog FBV jdf EJJ crjdts jt

Abvg Ekgaf (Pgg G@E :57-: jt 5, d. :). Egfgrja ajw kmpbsgs j `bmpagx sgt be bhakcjtkbds bd

jkrpbrt prbprkgtbrs tojt j``gpt egfgrja jkrpbrt kmprbvgmgdt crjdts. Vogsg bhakcjtkbds, idbwd js

‑crjdt jssurjd`gs,” jrg stjtutbrkay mjdfjtgf `bdtrj`tuja `bmmktmgdts hgtwggd tog jkrpbrt

prbprkgtbr jdf tog EJJ tojt tog jkrpbrt prbprkgtbr must gxgùtg gjò tkmg kt rg`gkvgs j egfgrja

crjdt. 6; W.P.@. § 63:


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:5.::. Vobsg rgcuajtkbds prbvkfg jutobrkty ebr brfgrs tgrmkdjtkdc jd jkrpbrt spbdsbr‛s gakckhkakty

ebr euturg egfgrja crjdts, ebr kssujd`g be `gjsg jdf fgskst brfgrs, jdf ebr ‑btogr `bmpakjd`g

brfgrs.” :6 @.E.X. § :5.::7-`v-


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* * *

(G) tb akmkt tog jutobrkty be tog Egfgrja Jvkjtkbd Jfmkdkstrjtkbd br jdy btogr

Egfgrja jcgd`y tb gdebr`g rgqukrgmgdts be ajw jdf crjdt jssurjd`gs (kd`aufkdc

suhsg`tkbds (j)(:), (j)(6), jdf (s) be sg`tkbd 63::7-`v-


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rgqukrg, ebr abjfkdc jdf udabjfkdc bday, hut kd db gvgdt sojaa sjkf usg hy btogrs tjig

prg`gfgd`g bvgr Jkrakdg's sògfuagf usg.

(G@E Db. 86 jt :30). Pg`tkbd 6.

mjy hg`bmg j s`jr`g rgsbur`g ke j dgw gdtrjdt jkrakdg (‑Xgqugstkdc Jkrakdg”) rgqugsts tb

prbvkfg sgrvk`g jt tog Jkrpbrt. Kd suò `krùmstjd`gs, Jkrakdg jcrggs tb j``bmmbfjtg

suò Xgqugstkdc Jkrakdg jt kts Agjsgf \rgmksgs jt suò tkmgs tojt wkaa dbt udfuay kdtgregrgwkto kts bpgrjtkdc sògfuag jdf upbd suò rgjsbdjhag tgrms js mjy hg jcrggf upbd

hgtwggd Jkrakdg jdf tog Xgqugstkdc Jkrakdgs, tjikdc kdtb `bdskfgrjtkbd jaa tog

`krùmstjd`gs be suò jd j``bmmbfjtkbd jcrggmgdt.

(G@E Db. 86 jt :36). Vog prbvkskbd `bdtkdugs hy `rgjtkdc j prb`gfurg ebr ojdfakdc rgqugsts

wogrghy tog rgqugstkdc jkrakdg ekrst sggis j vbaudtjry jcrggmgdt jdf jetgr kt ‑ojs gxojustgf jaa

rgjsbdjhag geebrts tb sgùrg j``bmmbfjtkbds,” tog @kty wkaa sgag`t j skcdjtbry jkrakdg tb

j``bmmbfjtg tog rgqugstkdc jkrakdg. (G@E Db. 86 jt :36-:37). Jdy j``bmmbfjtkbd ks suhng`t

tb tog `bdfktkbd tojt> ‑Kd `jsg be j `bdeak`t hgtwggd sògfuags be tog Pkcdjtbry Jkrakdg jdf tog

Xgqugstkdc Jkrakdg, tog Pkcdjtbry Jkrakdg wkaa ojvg prkbrkty kd usg be kts pgrsbddga jdf kts Agjsgf

\rgmksgs.” (G@E Db. 86 jt :37).

Kd Pg`tkbd :6.


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G. Vog @bmhkdgf Geeg`t be SJXJ, tog Ekvg-\jrty Jcrggmgdt, jdf tog Agjsgs

SJXJ kd`brpbrjtgs tog tgrms be tog Ekvg-\jrty Jcrggmgdt kdtb egfgrja ajw. Abvg

Vgrmkdja \jrtdgrs, A.\. v. @kty be Fjaajs, Vgx., 783 E.Pupp.8f 70?, 77?-7; (D.F. Vgx. 8


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg ?

pjssgdcgr sgrvk`g jt Abvg Ekgaf bd Nuay ::, 8


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg ;

tog rgagjsg be tog Srkcot Jmgdfmgdt rgstrk`tkbds. Vorbuco SJXJ, @bdcrgss jasb rg`bcdkzgf

tojt tog usuja stjdfjrfs ebr crjdt jssurjd`gs, gxàuskvg usg, jdf `bmpgtktkbd pajds kmpbsgf hy

tktag 6; ebr btogr jkrpbrts `buaf dbt jppay ke tog `bmprbmksg wjs tb su``ggf, pjrtkùajray ckvgd

tog udkqug akmktjtkbds bd tog dumhgr be cjtgs jt Abvg Ekgaf. Js pjrt be tog `bmprbmksg hy jaa

pjrtkgs, @bdcrgss purpbsgeuaay fgdkgf FBV jdf tog EJJ togkr usuja gdebr`gmgdt pbwgrs.

@bdcrgss fkf dbt wjdt jdy egfgrja jcgd`y tb muì up tog `bmprbmksg js rgeag`tgf kd SJXJ.

E. Vog FBV Agttgrs

Bd Fg`gmhgr :3, 8


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg :<

j``bmmbfjtgf jkrakdg sobuaf dbt hg pusogf but hy tog j``bmmbfjtkdc jkrakdg jt j ajtgr fjtg jdf

kt wjs ‑tog @kty‛s rgspbdskhkakty tb `bdtkdug tog j``bmmbfjtkbd jdf gdsurg spj`g ks jvjkajhag”

jdf jaabw tog pjttgrd be sgrvk`g tb `bdtkdug ‑hjsgf bd tog jvjkajhag spj`g bd tog sdjpsobt fjtg be

tog brkckdja j``bmmbfjtkbd rgqugst.” ( Kf .). Vog Ekrst Agttgr jasb stjtgf tojt tog j``bmmbfjtkdc

jkrakdg wjs akmktgf tb rg`bvgrkdc bday kts prb-rjtj sojrg be tog suhagjsgf ej`kaktkgs paus j

rgjsbdjhag jaabwjd`g ebr jfmkdkstrjtkbd tojt `buaf dbt gx`ggf 87%. ( Kf . jt 7


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg ::

ej`kaktkgs jrg euaay utkakzgf jt tog tkmg be tog rgqugst, br tog Pkcdjtbry Jkrakdgs jt tog tkmg be tog

rgqugst jrg sgaakdc tkìgts ebr euturg eakcots euaay-utkakzkdc tog ej`kaktkgs.” ( Kf .). Kt stjtgf tojt j

skcdjtbry jkrakdg‛s pajddgf euturg bpgrjtkbds sobuaf dbt hg `bdskfgrgf udagss tog `jrrkgr wjs

sgaakdc tkìgts ebr tog euturg eakcots jdf `bdskfgrjtkbd be suò pajds wbuaf hg kd`bdskstgdt wkto

crjdt jssurjd`gs jdf btogr jutobrktkgs. ( Kf . jt 70-70). Kt rgpgjtgf tojt jd j``bmmbfjtgf `jrrkgr

must hg jaabwgf tb `bdtkdug j skmkajr pjttgrd be sgrvk`g. ( Kf . jt 76). Vog agttgr `bdàufgf hy

stjtkdc tojt tog fg`kskbd bd Fgatj‛s rgqugst wjs tog @kty‛s rgspbdskhkakty hut tog @kty ‑must mjig

toks fg`kskbd mjfg kd `bmpakjd`g wkto tog crjdt jssurjd`gs jdf Ytog @kty‛s] btogr agcja

bhakcjtkbds.” ( Kf . jt 77). Vog Agttgr `bdtjkdgf db rgegrgd`g tb SJXJ. Dgktogr agttgr

jìdbwagfcgf tog vgry udusuja jdf udkqug djturg be òjdcgs jt Abvg Ekgaf hg`jusg be tog aketkdc

be tog Srkcot Jmgdfmgdt rgstrk`tkbds.

Jetgr rg`gkpt be tog Agttgrs, tog @kty jfvksgf FBV tojt tog @kty udfgrstbbf tojt ebr tog

@kty tb hg kd `bmpakjd`g wkto tktag 6;, kt wjs rgqukrgf tb j``gpt tog fkrg`tkbds `bdtjkdgf kd tog

Agttgrs. (@kty Jpp‛x jt :-8, 7). Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs dgvgr jfvksgf tog @kty tojt tog fkrg`tkbds

kd tog Agttgr wgrg dbt rgqukrgmgdts dg`gssjry ebr `bmpakjd`g.

Kd ekakdc toks j`tkbd, tog @kty jaagcgf tojt tog Agttgrs jrg `bdtrjry tb SJXJ, tog Ekvg-

\jrty Jcrggmgdt, jdf tog agjsgs kd jt agjst ekvg skcdkek`jdt wjys. Ekrst, tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs

wgrg fkrg`tkdc tog @kty tb mbfkey tog tgrms be kts agjsgs wktobut fbkdc sb bd djtkbdja hjsks.

Pg`bdf, tog Agttgrs jatgrgf tog mgjdkdc be tgrm be ‑dgw gdtrjdt” tb kdàufg jd y jkrakdg ùrrgdtay

bpgrjtkdc jt tog jkrpbrt jdf `bvgr sktujtkbds wogd ùrrgdtay bpgrjtkdc jkrakdgs sggis tb gxpjdf.

Vokrf, tog Agttgrs fkrg`tgf tog @kty tb ebr`g j mjdfjtbry j``bmmbfjtkbd hjsgf bd gxkstkdc cjtg

usjcg hjsgf bd j sdjpsobt fjtg jdf wktobut jdy rgcjrf tb tog skcdjtbry jkrakdgs euturg pajds.

Eburto, tog Agttgrs brfgrgf tojt bd`g j rgqugstkdc jkrakdg wjs j``bmmbfjtgf, tog jkrakdg wjs

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg :8

gdtktagf tb j pgrmjdgdt j``bmmbfjtkbd jdf `buaf bpgrjtg tog sjmg pjttgrd be sgrvk`g ebrgvgr.

Ekdjaay, tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs wgrg j`tkdc hgybdf kts nurksfk`tkbd jdf jutobrkty hg`jusg

@bdcrgss, torbuco SJXJ, ojf rgmbvgf kt. Vog @kty nbkdgf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs hg`jusg togy

ojf gx`ggfgf togkr jutobrkty jdf nurksfk`tkbd.

KKK. Pbvgrgkcd Kmmudkty Sjs Sjkvgf

J. Sjkvgr Wdfgr tog Jfmkdkstrjtkvg \rb`gfurg J`t

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs fb dbt fksputg tojt tog @burt ojs cgdgrja suhng`t mjttgr nurksfk`tkbd

jdf fb dbt fksputg tojt gvgd wktobut togkr prgsgd`g, tog @burt ojs nurksfk`tkbd. Jt j mkdkmum,

togrg ks egfgrja qugstkbd nurksfk`tkbd hjsgf upbd SJXJ. 8? W.P.@. § :00:. Vog Egfgrja

Jcgd`kgs‛ `bdtgdtkbd ks akmktgf tb jrcukdc tojt tog @burt aj`is nurksfk`tkbd bvgr tog Egfgrja

Jcgd`kgs hg`jusg togrg ojs hggd db wjkvgr be togkr sbvgrgkcd kmmudkty. (G@E Db. :57-: jt :3-

88). Pbvgrgkcd kmmudkty ojs hggd wjkvgf.

Vog J\J prbvkfgs ebr wjkvgrs be tog Wdktgf Ptjtgs‛ sbvgrgkcd kmmudkty ebr `grtjkd sukts.

Ekrst, 7 W.P.@. § 3

J pgrsbd sueegrkdc agcja wrbdc hg`jusg be jcgd`y j`tkbd, br jfvgrsgay jeeg`tgf br

jccrkgvgf hy jcgd`y j`tkbd wktokd tog mgjdkdc be j rgagvjdt stjtutg, ks gdtktagf tb nufk`kja

rgvkgw togrgbe.

Pg`bdf, kt stjtgs>

Jd j`tkbd kd j `burt be tog Wdktgf Ptjtgs sggikdc rgakge btogr tojd mbdgy fjmjcgs jdf

stjtkdc j `ajkm tojt jd jcgd`y br jd beek`gr br gmpabygg togrgbe j`tgf br ejkagf tb j`t kd jd

beek`kja `jpj`kty br udfgr `babr be agcja jutobrkty sojaa dbt hg fksmkssgf dbr rgakge togrgkd hg fgdkgf bd tog crbudf tojt kt ks jcjkdst tog Wdktgf Ptjtgs br tojt tog Wdktgf Ptjtgs ks jd

kdfkspgdsjhag pjrty.

7 W.P.@. § 3


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be tog J\J. Jajhjmj ‐ @busojttj Vrkhg be Vgx.,373 E.0f jt 6??9 Kd`auskvg @bmmudktkgs \rbng`t,

Kd`. v. W.P. Fgp‛t be Vrgjs., Db. 0>:6-@U-0


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Vog @kty fbgs dbt sggi mbdgy fjmjcgs erbm tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs, hut bday sggis

fg`ajrjtbry jdf kdnud`tkvg rgakge. Vog ekrst rgqukrgmgdt ebr j wjkvgr gxksts.

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs fb dbt `ojaagdcg tojt tog FBV Agttgrs `bdstktutgf jcgd`y j`tkbd

udfgr 7 W.P.@. § 77:(:0). ‑Jcgd`y j`tkbd” ks fgekdgf js ‑tog wobag br pjrt be jd jcgd`y ruag,

brfgr, ak`gdsg, sjd`tkbd, rgakge, br tog gqukvjagdt br fgdkja togrgbe, br ejkaurg tb j`t.” Kf. Vog tgrm

‑jcgd`y j`tkbd” ks tb hg kdtgrprgtgf gxpjdskvgay, js kt ‑hrkdcs tbcgtogr prgvkbusay fgekdgf tgrms

tb jssurg tog `bmpagtg `bvgrjcg be gvgry ebrm be jcgd`y pbwgr, prb`ggfkdc, j`tkbd br kdj`tkbd.”

Egfgrja Vrjfg @bmm'd v. Ptjdfjrf Bka @b. be @ja., 66; W.P. 808, 80?, d. 3 (:;?


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E.8f 3:8 (0f @kr.), `grt. fgdkgf , 66: W.P. ;5: (:;3;), `ktgf jpprbvkdcay kd Jajhjmj ‐ @busojttj

Vrkhg be Vgx., tog Njeegg `burt stjtgf>

Vogsg sukts jrg `jaagf ‑dbdstjtutbry” hg`jusg togy jrg dbt hrbucot udfgr tog stjtutgs tojt

spg`kjaay prbvkfg ebr rgvkgw be jcgd`y j`tkbd. Pgg O.X. Xgp. Db.;6-:575, ;6to @bdc., 8fPgss. 7, Xgprkdtgf kd (:;35) W.P. @bfg @bdc. & Jfmkd. Dgws, pp. 5:8:, 5:87. ‑Kd togsgkdstjd`gs, nufk`kja rgvkgw ks jvjkajhag, ke jt jaa, torbuco j`tkbds kdvbavkdc mjttgrs wokò

jrksg ‟udfgr tog @bdstktutkbd, Ajws, br trgjtkgs be tog Wdktgf Ptjtgs‛ js prbvkfgf kd

sg`tkbd :00:(j) be tktag 8?.”

Kf . jt 3:?-:;. Pgg jasb Poggojd, 5:; E.8f jt ::0;9 @ourò be P`kgdtbabcy be @j. v. Akdhgrc , 78;

E. Pupp. ;67, ;5? (@.F. @j. :;?:)9 Mkòkcjd v. W.P. Jrmy @brps be Gdc ‛rs., 553 E.0f 357, 336-

37 (3to @kr. 8


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@kty be Abs Jdcgags v. EJJ, 80; E.0f :


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@. Pbvgrgkcd kmmudkty wjs wjkvgf ebr stjtutbry rgvkgw.

Pbvgrgkcd kmmudkty ojs jasb hggd wjkvgf udfgr tog btogr typg be wjkvgr ebudf kd 7

W.P.@. § 3


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VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg :?

rgcuajtgf pjrty must gktogr `bmpay wkto vgry `bstay òjdcgs br rksi prbsgùtkbd. Jhhbtt

Ajhbrjtbrkgs, 0?3 W.P. jt ::78.

Jppaykdc tog ej`tbrs tb tog Agttgrs, tog Agttgrs `bdstktutgf j fgekdktkvg stjtgmgdt be tog

Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ pbsktkbd. Vog Agttgrs wgrg dbt wrkttgd hy sbmg suhbrfkdjtg hut kdstgjf

wrkttgd hy FBV‛s cgdgrja `budsga. Btogr tojd tog FBV‛s Pg`rgtjry, db btogr pgrsbd‛s

stjtgmgdts `buaf `jrry mbrg wgkcot js tb tog pbsktkbd be tog jcgd`y. Vog Agttgrs wgrg wrkttgd

spg`kek`jaay jdf fgekdktkvgay jhbut Abvg Ekgaf jdf fkrg`tgf tog @kty obw kt ojf tb j`t tb rgmjkd kd

`bmpakjd`g wkto tktag 6;. Voks wjs db cgdgrja prbdbud`gmgdt be pbak`y. Xjtogr, kt stjtgf j vgry

djrrbw jdf ebùsgf sgt be ruags tojt tog @kty wjs hgkdc fkrg`tgf tb ebaabw. Vog dgw sgt be ruags

ojf tog stjtus be ajw wkto pgdjatkgs ebr dbd`bmpakjd`g. Vog Dbtk`g be Kdvgstkcjtkbd ̀ bdekrms tog

Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ vkgws tojt tog Agttgrs `bdstktutgf tog jppak`jhag ajw.

Kdfggf tog dbtk`g okcoakcots tog oypb`rktk`ja djturg be tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ jrcumgdts.

Kd tog dbtk`g, kt kdvktgs tog @kty tb rgsbavg kdebrmjaay tog mjttgrs jffrgssgf kd tog dbtk`g. (G@E

Db. :7


23/70


VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg :;

Vog kmpj`t bd tog @kty wjs fkrg`t jdf kmmgfkjtg. Vog @kty `buaf ojvg j``gptgf tog

pbsktkbds gxprgssgf kd tog Agttgrs, j`tgf j``brfkdcay, jdf kmmgfkjtgay hggd sugf hy bdg br mbrg

be tog skcdjtbry jkrakdgs. FBV fbgs dbt fksputg tog kmmgfkj`y be tog jfvgrsg `bdsgqugd`gs tb

tog @kty ke kt `bmpakgf wkto kts Agttgrs. Dbr fb tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs àjkm togy wbuaf ojvg

rusogf tb tog @kty‛s jkf tb fgegdf tog fk`tjtgs kd tog Agttgr. Akigwksg, ke tog @kty fgàkdgf tb

ebaabw tog pbsktkbds kd mjikdc jd j``bmmbfjtkbd, kt wbuaf hg suhng`t tb sjd`tkbds jdf

kmmgfkjtg aktkcjtkbd, gktogr kd j `kvka br jfmkdkstrjtkvg j`tkbd, hy tog dbd-j``bmmbfjtgf jkrakdg.

FBV fbgs dbt fksputg tog kmmgfkj`y be tog jfvgrsg `bdsgqugd`gs tb tog @kty ke kt fgàkdgf tb

`bmpay wkto Agttgrs. Kdstgjf, kt jrcugs tojt tog @kty ̀ buaf jawjys jssgrt tog kmpj`t be SJXJ kd

fgegdsg be tog jfmkdkstrjtkvg prb`ggfkdc tojt kt kdktkjtgf. (G@E Db. :57-: jt :;) (‑FBV ks bpgd

tb `bdskfgrkdc tojt jrcumgdt.”). Vog Puprgmg @burt ojs rgng`tgf jcgd`y jttgmpts tb jvbkf

nufk`kja rgvkgw wogd jddbud`gf ruags ojvg kmmgfkjtg jdf jfvgrsg kmpj`t. Kd Jhhbtt

Ajhbrjtbrkgs, tog @burt ogaf>

Vb rgqukrg togm tb òjaagdcg togsg rgcuajtkbds bday js j fgegdsg tb jd j`tkbd

hrbucot hy tog Cbvgrdmgdt mkcot ojrm togm sgvgrgay jdf uddg`gssjrkay. Sogrgtog agcja kssug prgsgdtgf ks ekt ebr nufk`kja rgsbautkbd, jdf wogrg j rgcuajtkbd

rgqukrgs jd kmmgfkjtg jdf skcdkek`jdt òjdcg kd tog pajkdtkees' `bdfu`t be togkr

jeejkrs wkto sgrkbus pgdjatkgs jttjògf tb dbd`bmpakjd`g, j``gss tb tog `burtsudfgr tog Jfmkdkstrjtkvg \rb`gfurg J`t jdf tog Fgàjrjtbry Nufcmgdt J`t must

hg pgrmkttgf, jhsgdt j stjtutbry hjr br sbmg btogr udusuja `krùmstjd`gs ….

Kf ., 0?3 W.P. jt :70). Pgg jasb @khj ‐ Cgkcy @brp. v. G\J, ?


24/70


VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg 8<

78). Jt tog tkmg gj`o agttgr wjs wrkttgd, tog tgmpbrjry cjtg usg j``bmmbfjtkbd jcrggmgdts

wgrg dgjrkdc togkr rgspg`tkvg gdf fjtgs. (Pgg G@E Db. : jt 80 Yµµ 7?, 5:7-`v-


25/70


VXJDPEGX JDF EBX J PVJ[ \jcg 8:

butskfg tog nurksfk`tkbd be tog jcgd`y br btogrwksg j`tgf kd j mjddgr tojt ks `agjray jt bffs wkto

tog spg`kek` ajdcujcg be j stjtutg. Aggfbm v. Iydg, 07? W.P. :?6, :?; (:;7?)9 @b`j ‐ @baj @b. v.

Egfgrja Vrjfg @bmm., 637 E.8f 8;;, 0


26/70



kssugf udfgr pbrtkbds be tktag 6; jdf tojt wojtgvgr tog Agttgrs jrg, togy wgrg kssugf udfgr tktag

6;. (G@E Db. :57-: jt 80-86). Hut tojt ks prg`ksgay tog pbkdt. SJXJ ks dbt ebudf kd tktag 6;.

Vog crjdt be nurksfk`tkbd prbvkfgf kd sg`tkbd 65::


27/70



Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs mksudfgrstjdf tog @kty‛s `bdtgdtkbd jdf jaagcjtkbd rgcjr fkdc

SJXJ hy jssgrtkdc tojt tog @kty `bdtgdfs tojt tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs j`tgf pursujdt tb SJXJ.

Js tb Abvg Ekgaf, kt ks SJXJ tojt akmkts jdf fgekdgs tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ jutobrkty. Vog

Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs ojvg j`tgf kd fgekjd`g jdf fksrgcjrf be SJXJ, dbt pursujdt tb SJXJ.

Mbrgbvgr, tog F.@. @krùkt J\J jppgja wkaa dbt rgsbavg tog udfgraykdc kssugs kd toks

`jsg. Ke tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs prgvjka togrg, tog `burt be jppgjas wkaa skmpay fksmkss. Ke

Pbutowgst prgvjkas, dbt jaa be tog `bdeak`tkdc àjkms jdf kssugs wkaa hg rgsbavgf jdf j `burt wkaa

jcjkd hg jsigf tb `bdstrug tog Abvg Ekgaf cjtg agjsgs, tog Ekvg \jrty Jcrggmgdt, jdf SJXJ.

Voks @burt ks tog bday ebrum tojt `jd crjdt `bmpagtg jdf tkmgay rgakge tojt wkaa dbt

suhng`t pjrtkgs tb `bdeak`tkdc bhakcjtkbds. Vous, ebr prufgdtkja rgjsbds tog @burt sobuaf dbt

trjdsegr. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jfmkt kt sggis fksmkssja kd tog @burt be Jppgjas hg`jusg tog

Agttgrs wgrg dbt ekdja jdf dbt mgjdt tb hg hkdfkdc. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jrg sggikdc tb ojvg j

akvg nustk`kjhag `jsg tojt dggfs rgsbautkbd trjdsegrrgf tb j vgdug wogrg togy wkaa try tb ojvg tog

`jsg jdf kssugs fksmkssgf jdf aget udrgsbavgf.

UKK. VOG EGFGXJA JCGD@KGP‛ MBVKBD VB PVJ[ POBWAF HG FGDKGF

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jrcug tojt hg`jusg togy ojvg ajudògf togkr jetgr-tog-ej`t

kdvgstkcjtkbd js tb wogtogr tog @kty vkbajtgf tktag 6; hy kd pjrt ekakdc toks j`tkbd, tog @burt sobuaf

fgegr jdf stjy eurtogr prb`ggfkdcs sb tojt tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs `jd fg`kfg tog kssugs torbuco

togkr dbrmja prb`gssgs. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs kdskst tojt toks @burt sobuaf fgegr tb togm. Voks

rgprgsgdts tog ajtgst jttgmpt hy FBV jdf tog EJJ tb usurp tog @burt‛s nurksfk`tkbd jdf gvjfg tog

`bdstrk`tkbds paj`gf bd togm hy SJXJ.

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs jrcug tog ogjrt be tog àjkms hgebrg tog @burt, wogtogr egfgrja ajw

rgqukrgs j``bmmbfjtkbd be Fgatj, ks tog qugstkbd hgkdc `bdskfgrgf hy tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs.

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


28/70



(G@E :57-: jt 85). Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs `bdtgdf tojt udfgr tog fb`trkdg be prkmjry nurksfk`tkbd

tog @burt sobuaf suspgdf br fksmkss tog pgdfkdc mjttgr hg`jusg udfgr tog stjtutbry rgcuajtbry

sògmg, jdy gdebr`gmgdt wkaa rgqukrg rgsbautkbd be kssugs wokò ‑ojvg hggd paj`gf kd tog spg`kja

`bmpgtgd`g” be tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs. ( Kf . jt 87-85). Jcjkd tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs kcdbrg

SJXJ. Vog stjtutbry sògmg, SJXJ, gxprgssay rgmbvgf gdebr`gmgdt erbm FBV jdf EJJ

jdf ‑gdsurYgf] tojt dgktogr tog EJJ dbr jdy btogr egfgrja jcgd`y `jd kdtgregrg wkto Ytog Ekvg-

\jrty Jcrggmgdt jdf tog prgegrgdtkja cjtg agjsgs].” Abvg Vgrmkdja \jrtdgrs, ;3 Egf. @a. jt, 6:7.

Mbrgbvgr, tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs ojvg db spg`kja `bmpgtgd`g, idbwagfcg, br gxpgrtksg js tb

SJXJ.

Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs dgxt jrcug tojt tog @burt mjy ekdf kt mbrg geek`kgdt jdf ejkrgr tb

kssug j stjy kd ejvbr tog EJJ prb`ggfkdc. (G@E Db. :57-: jt 83). Vog mbst geek`kgdt jdf ejkrgst

fg`kskbd ks tb ekdf tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ sbvgrgkcd kmmudkty wjs wjkvgf, ekdf togkr j`tkbds jrg

suhng`t tb nufk`kja rgvkgw, stjy tog EJJ‛s Dbtk`g be Kdvgstkcjtkbd, jdf `bdfu`t bdg prb`ggfkdc

wkto jaa pjrtkgs jdf jaa kssugs nbkdgf. Vog fg`kskbd hy toks @burt wkaa mbbt jdy pbsskhag kssug

rjksgf hy tog Dbtk`g be Kdvgstkcjtkbd. Jdy but`bmg kd j EJJ prb`ggfkdc wkaa tjig ygjrs tb

ekdjakzg jdf wbuaf agjvg udrgsbavgf tog `bmpgtkdc àjkms be tog jkrakdgs jt Abvg Ekgaf.

@BD@AWPKBD JDF \XJ[GX

SJXJ fkspgdsgs wkto jaa be tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ jrcumgdts. @bdcrgss gxprgssgf kts

kdtgdt tojt tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs mjig db fgtgrmkdjtkbds, pgrebrm db kdvgstkcjtkbd, jdf kssug db

ruags br brfgrs `bdtrjry tb tog Ekvg-\jrty Jcrggmgdt. Vog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs `jddbt hjìfbbr

tojt prbokhktkbd hy kssukdc brfgrs, ruags, jdf `bdfu`tkdc kdvgstkcjtkbds jdf togd àjkm suò

j`tkbds jrg suhng`t tb rgvkgw j``brfkdc tb EJJ‛s usuja prb`gfurgs. Vog @kty rgqugsts tojt tog

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


29/70



@burt fgdy kd wobag br jatgrdjtkvgay kd pjrt tog Egfgrja Jcgd`kgs‛ mbtkbd tb fksmkss br trjdsegr

jdf ebr stjy. Vog @kty eurtogr mbvgs ebr su`o eurtogr rgakge tb tog @kty js tog @burt ekdfs nust.

Xgspg`teuaay suhmkttgf,

BEEK@G BE VOG @KV[ JVVBXDG[@KV[ BE FJAAJP, VG_JP

SJXXGD M.P. GXDPV@KV[ JVVBXDG[

Hy s/ \gtgr H. Ojsiga

@OJXAGP GPVGGPgdkbr Jsskstjdt @kty Jttbrdgy

Ptjtg Hjr be Vgxjs Db.


30/70


EB X

VOG DBXVOGXD FKPVXK@V BE VG_JP

FJAAJP FKUKPKBD

@KV[

BE FJAAJP

§

\ajkdtkee §

§

v. § @kvka J`tkbd Db. :7-@U-


31/70

Xgspg`teuaay suhmkttgf

BEEK@G BE VOG @KV[ JVVBXDG[

@KV[ BE FJAAJP VG_JP

Hy> s/ \gtgr H Ojsiga

@OJXAGP GPVGG

Jsskstjdt @kty Jttbrdgy

Ptjtg Hjr Vgxjs Db.


32/70

GXVKEK VG BE PGXUK G

K `grtkey tojt bd Pgptgmhgr 8:, 8


33/70

Vjhs

V AG BE @BDVGDVP

\jcg

Vjh

@kty Gmjka tb FBV jdf btogrs fjtgf Egh. 85 8


34/70

V H

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


35/70

Erbm> Ojsiga, \gtgr Ymjkatb>pgtgr.ojsigaLfjaajs`ktyojaa.`bm]

Pgdt> Voursfjy, Eghrujry 85 8 :76>66

\

Vb> Vobmsbd, Ijtoryd BPV)9 Hjrjhjd, @kdfy BPV)9 Obmjd, Vbff BPV)9 Krvkdg, \gtgr BPV)9 Mktògaa,

Nj̀ quayd BPV)9 Mbss, Nbdjtojd BPV)9 erjdi.sjdmjrtkdLejj.cbv 9 Euaagr, Fjpodg 1EJJ4

@`>

kaa

Ptjaakdcs wkaakjm.stjaakdcsLusfbn.cbv)9 Grdst, Sjrrgd9 Gstgg, @ojrags9 Pkms, Xbhgrt9 Fughdgr,

Mjri9 \gtgr Ikrs̀ o Y*Fgatj] pikrsòLijpajdikrsò.`bm)9 Ojsiga, \gtgr

Puhng`t>

bv Ekgaf>

@kty

be

Fjaajs pbsktkbds

bpgd qugstkbds

bd

cjtg j``bmmbfjtkbd kssugs

Ogaab Jaa,

K m surg ybu jrg jwjrg

be

tog rg`gdt `bmmudk`jtkbds tojt tog @kty ojs rg`gkvgf erbm Fgatj

Jkrakdgs rgspg t̀kdc twb j``bmmbfjtkbd rgqugsts ebr cjtgs jdf rgajtgf ej`kaktkgs t Fjaajs Abvg

Ekgaf. Js tog @kty prb`ggfs tb jffrgss tog mjttgrs tojt tog `brrgspbdfgd`g rjksgs, wg wjdtgf tb

sojrg wkto FBV jdf EJJ tog @kty's pbsktkbds jdf qugstkbds bd stkaa-udrgsbavgf rgajtgf kssugs,

jdf

tb

rgqugst eurtogr FBV cukfjd`g>

Vo g @kty jssumgs

tojt

jhsgdt jd kdnud`tkbd br btogr `burt brfgr FBV ks dbt suspgdfkdc,

mbfkeykdc,

br

rgtrj`tkdc tog cukfjd`g `bdtjkdgf kd

Ijtogryd Vobmsbd s agttgr fjtgf

Fg`gmhgr :3, 8

\jttgrd

sgrvk`g Bvgr tkmg, òjdcgs `jd b`ùr kd tog pjttgrd

be

sgrvk`g

be

j eakcot.

Vobsg òjdcgs mkcot hg sògfuagf tkmgs be jrrkvja br fgpjrturg, òjdcgs kd brkckd be

jrrkvkdc eakcot br fgstkdjtkbd

be

fgpjrtkdc eakcot, òjdcg kd jkr`rjet typg (g.c., erbm j

djrrbwhbfy tb j rgckbdja ngt), òjdcg kd fjys be wggi bpgrjtgf, jdf btogr ej t̀brs. Vog

@kty be Fjaajs prbpbsgs

tb

usg torgg `rktgrkj kd fgtgrmkdkdc tojt j pjttgrd be sgrvk`g ojs

òjdcgf. Vog @kty wkaa ekdf j òjdcgf pjttgrd

be

sgrvk`g> (:) ke tog sògfuagf jrrkvja tkmg

br tog sògfuagf fgpjrturg tkmg jt j cjtg b dbt rgmjkd s stjtgf kd tog j``bmmbfjtkbd

rgqugst9 (8) ke tog brkckd jkrpbrt be tog jrrkvkdc eakcot br tog fgstkdjtkbd jkrpbrt

be

tog

fgpjrtkdc eakcot òjdcgs9 br (0) ke tog `jrrkgr òjdcgs (db suhagjsg br jsskcdmgdt be cjtg

usg tb prgsgrvg j``bmmbfjtgf stjtus).

``bmmbfjtgf Vog @kty hgakgvgs tojt tog tgrm j``bmmbfjtgf mgjds bday tojt (:) j

`jrrkgr jutobrkzgf hy prbpgray gxgùtgf prbpgrty mjdjcgmgdt jcrggmgdts usgs cjtgs jdf

rgajtgf ej`kaktkgs

be

j agjsgobafgr. Obwgvgr, kt ojs hggd succgstgf tojt kt mjy jasb kdàufg

(8) tog ej`t

be

bpgrjtkdc eakcots wkto j `bdskstgdt pjttgrd

be

sgrvk`g bd jdbtogr `jrrkgr's

@KV[ J\\_ :

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


36/70

agjsgobaf cjtgs rgcjrfagss be tog agcja br `bdtrj`tuja hjsks upbd wok`o su`o eakcots ojvg

hggd bpgrjtkdc. Vog @kty hgakgvgs tojt bday tog ekrst, djrrbwgr, mgjdkdc ks `brrg t̀ jdf

wkaa usg tojt udagss FBV br EJJ mjdfjtgs tog hrbjfgr fgekdktkbd (br ygt jdbtogr

fgekdktkbd) bd tog crbudfs tojt tog fkeegrgdt fgekdktkbd ks dg`gssjry tb gdebr`g crjdt

jssurjd`g jcrggmgdts.

Vog @kty wbuaf jpprg`kjtg agjrdkdc be FBV s pbsktkbd bd Igddgto Zukdd stjtgmgdt bd pjcg

be oks Eghrujry 80, 8


37/70

8) EJ@KAKVKGP- \jrjcrjpo :) G)--

J) sojaa bday jppay wkto rgspg t̀ tb ej`kaktkgs tojt rgmjkd jt Abvg Ekgaf jetgr tog `kty be

Fjaajs ojs rgfu`gf tog dumhgr be cjtgs jt Abvg Ekgaf js rgqukrgf

hy

suhsg`tkbd j)9 jdf

k) tb `bdstru t̀ jffktkbdja cjtgs hgybdf tog 8< cjtgs rgegrrgf tb kd suhsg`tkbd j)9 br

okcoakcotkdc jffgf).

Ekdjaay, ke togrg ks j FB] jttbrdgy jsskcdgf tb tog Pbutowgst Jkrakdgs aktkcjtkbd torbuco wobm

ybu wbuaf prgegr wg `bmmudk`jtg bd togsg kssugs, br wobm ybu wkso us tb kd`aufg bd bur

`bmmudk`jtkbds, pagjsg nust kfgdtkey togm jdf prbvkfg tgagpobdg, g-mjka jdf trjfktkbdja mjka

jffrgssgs ebr tog B]ajwygr.

Be `bursg, wg rg jawjys ojppy tb mggt wkto ybu jdf btogr stjee

pgrsbd br bvgr tog pobdg s

ybu wkso tb fks`uss jdy be togsg kssugs br btogr kssugs) eurtogr.

Hgst rgcjrfs,

\gtg Ojsiga

Fjaajs Gxg .̀ Jss t @kty Jtt y

8:6-53


38/70

V H

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


39/70

Erbm>

Fjtg>

Vb>

@`>

Hgg

Puhng`t>

Jttjòmgdts>

Ojsiga,

\gtgr1pgtgr.ojsigaLfj/ajs`ktyoj/K.gbm4

Sgf Njd

8?8 7 5>88>66

@PV

@kdfy Hjrjhjd 1`kdfy.hjrjhjdLfbt.cbv4

1`kdfy.hjrjhjdLfbAcbv4

Grdst, Sjrrgd

1wjrrgd.grdstLfjaajs`ktyoj/K.`bm49 Gstgg, @ojrags

1òjrags.gstggLfjaajs`ktyojaa.`bm49 Pkms, Xbhgrt

1rbhgrt.skmsLfjaajs`ktyojaa.`bm49 Ojsiga, \gtgr

1pgtgr.ojsig/Lfjaajs`ktyojaa.`bm49 \gtgr Ikrs̀ o

1/b=iirabu=ekrst jfmkdkstrjtkvg

crbupe`d=rg`kpkgdts/`d=pikrsò49 Fughdgr, Mjri

1mjri.fughdgrLfjaajs`ktyojaa.`bm4

Hajdi

FJA Gxgùtgf `bdsgdt tb Wdktgf-Pbutowgst Puhagjsg jt Fjaajs Abvg Ekgaf

\jcgs :-3 @bdsgdt agss Gxo J erbm


40/70

@BDPGDV VB PW AG PG

Vog @kty beFjaajs, j Vgxjs obmg-ruag mudk k̀pja `brpbrjtkbd ( @kty ), ogrghy `bdsgdts tb

tog

Jcrggmgdt be Puhagjsg, jttj`ogf ogrgtb js Gxokhkt J (tog Puhagjsg ), hy jdf hgtwggd

Wdktgf Jkrakdgs, Kd`., j Fgajwjrg `brpbrjtkbd (ebddgray idbwd js @bdtkdgdtja Jkrakdgs, Kd`.)

( Puhagssbr ) jdf Pbutowgst Jkrakdgs @b., j Vgxjs `brpbrjtkbd ( Puhagssgg ), (tbcgtogr, tog

Puhagjsg \jrtkgs ) `bd`grdkdc tojt `grtjkd Jmgdfgf jdf Xgstjtgf Agjsg be Vgddkdja Hukafkdc

\rgmksgs (Jkrpbrt Wsg jdf Agjsg Jcrggmgdt), geeg`tkvg B`tbhgr

:,

8


41/70

kd`aufkdc sggikdc br bhtjkdkdc jdy kdnud t̀kbd br btogr brfgr hjrrkdc br akmktkdc gdebr`gmgdt

furkdc tog pgdfgd`y

be

jdy prb`ggfkdc.

h) Vog Puhagjsg \jtkkgs j`idbwagfcg tojt tog Cgdgrja @budsga

be

tog W.P. Fgpjrtmgdt be

Vrjdspbrtjtkbd FBV ), ojs sgdt j agttgr

tb

tog Fjaajs @kty Jttbrdgy fjtgf Fg`gmhgr

:3

8


42/70

Vog @kty jdf gjò tog Puhagjsg \jrtkgs gjò ogrghy rgprgsgdt tojt tog kdfkvkfuja gxgùtkdc

toks @bdsgdt bd hgojae gjò suò pjrty ojs tog agcja jutobrkty tb

fb

sb bd kts hgojae jdf

gj ò skcdjtbry rgprgsgdts tojt og br sog ojs tog jutobrkty tb gxgùtg toks @bdsgdt bd hgojae

tog pjrty gx`gpt tog Fjaajs @kty Jttbrdgy ojs jutobrkty bday tb jpprbvg toks @bdsgdt js tb

ebdd

YPKCDJVWXG \JCG EBAABSP]

@BDPGDV VB PWHAGJPG \jcg 0

@KV[ \\_

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


43/70

Voks @bdsgdt ks gxg`utgf y tog udfgrskcdgf fuay jppbkdtgf rgprgsgdtjtkvgs jdf geeg`tkvg js b

d u r y ~ 8

J @ CBD^JAG^

Mjri Fughdgr

@kty b Fjaajs Fkrg`tbr

b

Jvkjtkbd

Fjaajs Abvg Ekgaf

?


44/70

Voks @bdsgdt ks gxg`utgf hy tog udfgrskcdgf fuay jppbkdtgf rgprgsgdtjtkvgs jdf geeg`tkvg js be

Njdujry

, 8

`CBD^JAG^

WDKVGF JKXAKDGP KD@

Hy>

Ijtg Cghb, Uk`g \rgskfgdt @brpbrjtg Xgja Gstjtg

800 Pbuto Sj`igr Fr., OFZBW

@ok`jcb, KA 5

SJXXGD M P GXDPV

@KV[ JVVBXDG[

\jcg 6

@KV[ \\_

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


45/70

Voks @bdsgdt

ks

gxg`utgf

hy

tog udfgrskcdgf fuay jppbkdtgf rgprgsgdtjtkvgs jdf geeg`tkvg js

be

Njdujry

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46/70

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49/70

Eurtogr Jeekjdt sjygto dbt.

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50/70


EBX VOG DBXVOGXD FKPVXK@V BE VG_JPFJAAJP FKUKPKBD

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51/70

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abdc-tgrm j``bmmbfjtkbd jt Abvg Ekgaf. Jmbdc tobsg jrg tog JK\ (Jkrpbrt Kmprbvgmgdt

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tog btogr prbvkskbds be tog agjsg jcrggmgdts, togsg egfgrja gdj`tmgdts rgqukrg abdc-tgrm

j``bmmbfjtkbd bd tgrms tojt jrg hbto `bmmgr`kjaay rgjsbdjhag jdf bpgrjtkbdjaay egjskhag.

FBV jdf EJJ `brrg`tay pbkdt but tojt tog EJJ ks tog egfgrja jcgd`y `ojrcgf wkto

fgtgrmkdkdc wogtogr tog @kty be Fjaajs ojs vkbajtgf kts egfgrja jkrpbrt crjdt jssurjd`gs hy

jaabwkdc Pbutowgst tb mbdbpbakzg Abvg Ekgaf. Vogy jasb `brrg`tay dbtg tojt tog EJJ ojs dbt

ygt mjfg jdy ekdja fgtgrmkdjtkbd js tb wogtogr toks ojs b``urrgf, jdf tojt wogd kt fbgs, tog bday

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52/70

0

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`bmpgtktkbd wkaa hg krrgtrkgvjhay abst jt Abvg Ekgaf jdf Fgatj wkaa sueegr krrgpjrjhag ojrm wogd kt

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prgakmkdjry kdnud`tkbd prgsgrvkdc tog stjtus qub hy jaabwkdc Fgatj tb `bdtkdug bpgrjtkdc kts

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FJVGF> Pgptgmhgr 8


53/70

6

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54/70

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@GXVKEK@JVG BE PGXUK@G

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55/70


DBXVOGXD FKPVXK@V BE VG_JP

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KD@., WDKVGF PVJVGP FG\JXVMGDV BE

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JUKJVKBD JFMKDKPVXJVKBD,

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56/70

k

VJHAG BE @BDVGDVP

VJHAG BE JWVOBXKVKGP .......................................................................................................... kk

K. KDVXBFW@VKBD .............................................................................................................. :

KK. XGAGUJDV HJ@ICXBWDF .......................................................................................... 0

J. Vog Agcja Erjmgwbri ............................................................................................. 0

H. Vog FBV Agttgrs jdf tog EJJ Kdvgstkcjtkbd ......................................................... 6

KKK. JXCWMGDV ...................................................................................................................... 5

J. Agcja Ptjdfjrf ........................................................................................................ 5

H. Vog Xgqugstgf Ptjy Ks Wddg`gssjry Vb \rbmbtg Xgcuajtbry Wdkebrmkty

Hg`jusg tog FBV Ojs Jargjfy Mjfg Kts \bsktkbds @agjr kd togFBV Agttgrs ............................................................................................................ 3

@. Vog Xgqugstgf Ptjy ks Wddg`gssjry Vb Bhtjkd Vog FBV‛s Gxpgrtksg

Hg`jusg tog @gdtrja Kssugs Ogrg Xgqukrg \rkmjrkay Ptjtutbry jdf

@bdtrj`tuja @bdstru`tkbd, Sok`o Voks @burt Ks Euaay Gqukppgf Vb Fb ................ ?

F. Vog \gdfgd`y be tog EJJ Kdvgstkcjtkbd Fbgs Dbt Nustkey j Ptjy .......................... ;

G. Vog Xgqugstgf Ptjy Sbuaf Xgsuat kd @bdtkdugf Krrgpjrjhag Ojrm tbPbutowgst jdf Wddg`gssjry Fgajy ....................................................................... :<

KU. @BD@AWPKBD ................................................................................................................. ::

@GXVKEK@JVG BE PGXUK@G ..................................................................................................... :8

@jsg 0>:7-`v-


57/70

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Vog udfgrskcdgf ogrghy `grtkekgs tojt bd Pgptgmhgr 8:, 8:7-`v-

Dallas, Delta and Southwest Respond to Feds' Motion to Dismiss

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