Terms of Reference (ToRs) for a short-term Market Assessment
Study
Type of expertise
Registered firms with expertise in quantitative and qualitative
surveys and private sector development.
Mission
Assessment – Women entrepreneurs/SMEs/start-ups
Component
Component 1
Purpose of the Assignment
Conduct a market assessment of women-led businesses needs and
prepare the Terms of Reference for an accelerator programme and the
management of a fund
Beneficiaries
Women in businesses
Country
Lebanon
Duration
Three months
I. Overall project description and context
1.1. Description
The EU-funded project EU for Women Empowerment (EU4WE) (referred
as “the main project”) is a 36 months projects (October 2019 -
October 2022) aiming at promoting full and unconditional equality
between men and women in Lebanon.
The specific purpose of EU4WE is to:
1. Reduce gender-based violence through women empowerment
2. Enhance existing institutional mechanisms working towards
gender equality.
The following results are foreseen in order to reach the
abovementioned purposes:
· Result 1.1: Lebanese women are empowered economically and have
better access to finance (component of activities n°1)
· Result 1.2: The legal mechanisms to fight gender-based
violence’s are enhanced (component of activities n°2)
· Result 2.1: Strengthening NGEM's and relevant partner’s
existing capacities and coordination towards fulfilment of their
mandate through the exchange of best practices (component of
activities n°3).
This project is implemented and managed by Expertise France
(EF). Expertise France is the French public agency for
international technical assistance. The agency provides partner
countries with knowledge, skills and management expertise in:
· Democratic, economic, and financial governance,
· Stability, international security and peace,
· Sustainable development, climate and agriculture,
· Health and human development.
1.2. Context
The economy of Lebanon is classified as a developing
upper-middle income economy. The Lebanese economy is expected to
slow down in a situation aggravated by the recent political
protests and demonstrations with citizens demanding reforms and the
change in the government. The recent protests in Lebanon have
paralyzed the country keeping the banks, schools and institutions
closed for several weeks. Moody’s Investors has downgraded the
three largest banks showing the confidence in the Lebanese economy
is declining. Banks have tightened limits on foreign currency
withdrawals, one among other unofficial capital controls
implemented during last November’s protest. These controls continue
causing a dollar liquidity crunch that is having a huge negative
impact on local traders. Fitch downgraded sovereign risk by two
notches, from B- to CCC.[footnoteRef:1] [footnoteRef:2]The economy,
which was already in recession before the demonstrations, with a
projected 0.2 percent negative growth, is now forecast to contract
to 1 percent of GDP.[footnoteRef:3] Lebanon, which suffers from
widespread corruption, has one of the highest debts in the world,
standing at USD 86 billion or 150 percent of its
GDP.[footnoteRef:4] While already in 2019 many businesses shutdown
the trend has only increased in 2020. [footnoteRef:5] [1: Fitch
ratings are credit ratings that express risk in relative rank
order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk,
where AAA represents the Highest credit quality, BBB represents
Good credit quality and CCC, Substantial credit risk. ] [2: The
World Bank, Lebanon Economic Monitor, Washington, DC; The World
Bank.
(http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/349901579899850508/pdf/Lebanon-Economic-Monitor-So-When-Gravity-Beckons-the-Poor-Dont-Fall.pdf)]
[3: Ibid. n.2.] [4: Ibid n.2.] [5:
https://stepfeed.com/nearly-800-businesses-have-closed-in-lebanon-in-cry-of-desperation-6527]
Gender inequalities in Lebanon are very pronounced, with low
political and economic participation of women. Regarding women’s
political participation, women received their right to vote in 1952
although no woman has been head of state in Lebanon in a country
without voluntary political party quotas. In the IPU index Lebanon
ranks 179 among 190 countries with 4.69 percent women
parliamentarians in the election of 2018 (6 parliamentarian out of
128 parliamentarians).[footnoteRef:6]Regarding women’s economic
participation, Women in Lebanon’s work force are largely limited to
wage-employment. Even in the wage employment sector, women are far
behind men in terms since women’s labor force participation is
around 26 percent, according to World Bank estimates and 29.3
percent according to CAS and ILO estimates (2018-2019). [6:
http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm consulted January
2020]
In Lebanon, access to financial services remains lower for women
compared to men. According to International Finance Cooperation
(IFC)[footnoteRef:7], the main barrier to increasing the
participation of women in business in Lebanon remains access to
finance. It affects small- to medium-enterprise (SMEs) in general
but it tends to disproportionally affect women-owned businesses. In
Lebanon, only 3 percent of bank loans go to female
entrepreneurs.[footnoteRef:8] [7: IFC, 2013] [8: IFC, 2019.
https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/news_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/news+and+events/ifc+helps+expand+access+to+finance+for+women+entrepreneurs+in+lebanon
(last accessed 7 January 2020).]
In Lebanon, 33 percent of women have a bank account compared to
57 percent of men and only 26 percent have a debit card versus a 44
percent of men.[footnoteRef:9] Due to cultural and legislation
variables, women are worst placed when asking for credits due to
their lack of collateral.[footnoteRef:10] Only 4 percent of firms
have a women as top manager compared to 5 percent in the MENA
region and 19 percent worldwide. And only 17 percent of women are
self-employed vs a 43 percent of men. [footnoteRef:11] [9: World
Bank, 2019.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2019/01/17/infographic-women-in-lebanon.
Inheritance laws discriminate women, which impacts negatively their
capacity to provide assets that can back up loan requests.] [10:
Ibid n.9.] [11: Ibid n.9.]
Self-employment among women is 17 percent, which represents less
than half the rate of male entrepreneurship, at 43
percent.[footnoteRef:12] The ration of female to men occupying
positions as Legislators, Senior Officials and managers is
0.09.[footnoteRef:13] Only 0.05 percent of firms have female top
managers. These rations get worse in lagging regions.
[footnoteRef:14]Women entrepreneurs in Lebanon also face a variety
of constraints including the ones originating from social norms,
family care responsibilities, transportation issues, and access to
finance. [12: ibid n.9] [13: Ibid. n.9] [14: Closing the gender gap
in labor force participation rates by 25 percent could boost GDP
(PPP terms) by 9 percent in Lebanon (ILO, 2018). ]
Lebanon’s Human Development Index (HDI)[footnoteRef:15] value
for 2017 is 0.757— which put the country in the high human
development category—positioning it at 80 out of 189 countries and
territories. The rank is shared with Azerbaijan and the Republic of
Macedonia. Between 2005 and 2017, Lebanon’s HDI value increased
from 0.732 to 0.757, which represents an increase of 3.4 percent.
[15: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite
index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income
indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of
human development]
The 2017 female HDI value for Lebanon is 0.701 in contrast with
0.788 for males, resulting in a GDI value of 0.889, placing it into
Group 5. In comparison, GDI values for Jordan and Kuwait are 0.857
and 0.990 respectively.
Lebanon has a Gender Inequality Index[footnoteRef:16] value of
0.381, ranking it 85 out of 160 countries in the 2017 index. In
Lebanon, women hold 3.1 percent of parliamentary seats, and 53.0
percent of adult women have reached at least a secondary level of
education compared to 55.4 percent of their male counterparts. For
every 100,000 live births, 15 women die from pregnancy related
causes; and the adolescent birth rate is 11.8 births per 1,000
women of ages 15-19. Female participation in the labour market is
23.2 percent compared to 71.1 for men.[footnoteRef:17]. The World
Economic Forum (WEF) elaborates every year the Global Gender Gap
Report that measures gender-based gaps in access to resources and
opportunities. The country’s gap is the result of four sub-indexes:
i) Economic Participation and Opportunity: ii) Educational
attainment; iii) Health and survival, and iv) Political
empowerment. On educational attainment and health and survival the
country has not eliminated the gender gap but it is not far with a
score of 0.964 on educational attainment and 0.967 on health and
survival. The score on Economic Participation and Opportunity is
0.442 indicating that significant changes have to occur to reach
gender equality. The worst result is on Political Empowerment, with
a score of 0.024 that result from a small share of women in
parliament, ministerial positions, of years with women/male head of
state (score 0.000). Women in Lebanon’s work force are largely
limited to wage-employment, and even there are far behind men with
26 percent labor participation rate (see Table 2 for different
reported data).[footnoteRef:18] [16: It measures the human
development costs of gender inequality] [17:
http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/LBN.pdf]
[18: WEF, 2018. Global Gender Gap Report, 2020. World Economic
Forum.
http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018/data-explorer/?doing_wp_cron=1569430600.7448470592498779296875#economy=LBN(Last
retrieved 26 November 2019).]
II. Objectives and results
2.1. Specific objective of the assignment
As described in section 1, the EU4WE works towards enhancing the
economic empowerment of Lebanese women. In order to achieve this
result, the project will provide technical support to MSMEs and
startups women-led and/or women-owned businesses in Lebanon by
providing them with the necessary technical and financial support
(a grant programme for selected women-led and/or women-owned
enterprises) to scale up their business.
Therefore, the objective of the market assessment study is to
conduct an assessment of the gaps and needs of women entrepreneurs
in order to instruct the design of the future technical assistance
and the grant programme that the EU4WE project will deliver in
order to support women-led/owned businesses in three regions of
Lebanon.
2.2. Expected outputs of the assignment
The following results are expected from the market assessment
study:
Output 1: Complete overview of existing mechanisms and programs
supporting women-led and/or women-owned business
The selected candidate will undertake a desk review summarizing
the ongoing initiatives (national or from international donors) and
key past (recently closed) projects and studies related to
supporting women-led and/or women-owned business across a wide
array of areas, such as (the following list provides examples of
topics that may be covered):
· Business management;
· Sector-specific training for women entrepreneurs and women-led
and/or women-owned business (e.g. value chain, market intelligence,
financial management)[footnoteRef:19]; [19: Value chain refers to
the activities a company executes to produce a product or deliver a
service. (see
https://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/dstools/value-chain). Market
intelligence refers to all the information relevant to a
company's market such as trends, competitors, prices,
demand, and customers. It also refers to how it is gathered and use
to determine the company’s viability, strategy, market
opportunities, etc. ]
Financing (access to loans and grants, existence of specific
products for women-led and/or women-owned business)
· Business regulations
· Digital economy
· Market intelligence and public-private sector dialogue;
· Other relevant.
The assessment should also propose different modalities of
support (e.g. accelerators, in-house trainings, etc.) and map the
key providers.[footnoteRef:20] [20: An initial list of projects has
been compiled for the Inception Report of the project and will be
shared with the consultant to complete the mapping. ]
Output 2: Identification of the gaps and technical assistance
needs of the women-led and/or women-owned business in three
regions
Quantitative and qualitative surveys will be the basis to
identify the existing gaps. The surveys will be conducted in three
regions (Beirut, Byblos-Metn, and Tyr -South). The overview of
ongoing projects should pay special attention to projects being
implemented in those regions and draw lessons for the design of the
EU4WE Fund component.
Output 3: Following the gaps/needs assessment, provide
recommendations on: i) Type of sectors and segments that could be
supported by the EU4WE project, and ii) Guidance on the type and
modalities of the technical support needed (i.e. Training
modalities, financing modalities, coaching, and other…).
III. Planed activities
3.
3.1. Methodological note
The selected firm will elaborate a methodological note on the
type, number, and sample of women-led and/or women-owned business
to be surveyed (and the relevant selection criteria). This note
will describe in details, the methodological approach and the work
plan to conduct the market assessment. The note will propose
different solutions and scenarios to reach out to women-led and/or
women-owned businesses taking into account the current situation
with regard to the COVID19 epidemic or any other situation that may
arise. The methodological note/approach should be approved by the
EU4WE project team Leader.
3.2. Desk review
The selected firm will conduct a desk review on on-going support
to women-led and women-owned businesses. This assessment will: i)
Review existing business development service providers tools,
mechanisms and funds available, and ii) Assess the quality,
availability and access to: coaching, training, mentoring,
networking, information on market intelligence and export markets,
business regulations, and access to finance. It will include a
mapping of main providers (e.g. financial services, business
support services, etc).
This mapping will lead to a set of recommendations in order to
define the segment and sectors to be targeted and the “support
package” to be provided (capacity building, grant provision and
coaching). The desk review will include relevant and recent studies
and will highlight the experience of available providers proposing
online/virtual services/supports to entrepreneurs.
3.3. Qualitative data collection.
The selected firm is expected to develop protocols and conduct a
qualitative data collection.
Data must be collected through consultations to a sample of
rural and urban entrepreneurs and through interviews with private
companies, regional job placement agencies, key stakeholders and
providers in three regions, Byblos-Metn, and Tyr-South. The study
will identify women enterprises including best practices (in the
three regions)
Data will be collected through on-site meetings, focus groups
consultations…etc. In case these methods cannot be used, data
should be collected by other means such as telephone interviews and
online data collection solutions that could be used in case
movements and meetings are restricted within the country as a
consequence of the COVID-19 epidemic or any other unforeseen
circumstance (political, economic, etc).
While this survey is not meant to be statistically
representative, the selection of women-led and/or women-owned
business must be approximatively representative of the segments of
companies targeted. Therefore, the selected firm will conduct a
survey through face-to-face interviews (when possible) with
selected respondent (women-led and/or women-owned business). The
selection of women-led and/or women-owned business should be drawn
from specific sectors (e.g. services, manufacturing, agriculture)
and possible sub-sectors (e.g. in finance tourism, hospitality,
finance, etc), sizes, and, if possible, period of existence since
the business was opened (in order to ensure the maximum level of
representativeness). If not possible to access all businesses in
the three regions, the replacements should be done according to the
selection criteria.
The questionnaires designed to collect data will target the
company’s senior manager. If needed, the human resources manager
and/ or the accountant (depending on the size of the company) could
answer certain modules of the questionnaire. The main body of the
questionnaire should be designed to solicit managers/owners
information to respond on different aspects of the businesses
operations, link to value chains, growth perspectives (considering
or not the current political and economic context) and investigate
the main bottlenecks for survival, maintenance and growth (e.g.
institutional, labour, market access, market intelligence,
regulatory, skills, etc.). The questionnaires will also gather
information on the willingness, capacities, knowledge and access to
digital training/coaching and equipment available (access to
internet, what sort of digital tools the SMEs/start-ups know and
manage, equipment they use and so on). The questionnaire will also
seek information regarding the type of support received from other
project’s or donors initiatives and information about the
evaluation of the support received. The selected firm is expected
to adjust the questionnaire to the local context and will take into
account the current economic crisis and the COVID 19 situation. The
questionnaire should not take more than 45 minutes to be filled and
should be structured in modules to skip questions if needed.
The selected firm should conduct back checks of 20 percent of
the conducted surveys. The backchecker will be someone different
from the main survey administrator. The selected firm will also be
responsible for the training of supervisors and enumerators as well
as the development of a questionnaire manual. The selected firm
will pilot the questionnaire if needed (to be discussed).
Expertise France’s team will validate the questionnaires as well
as the protocols. The project’s team may also participate in some
of the trainings and (online) focus groups.
Given the uncertainty resulting from the current COVID-19
situation or any force majeure, the surveys can be implemented via
phone (Computer Aided Telephone Interview or CATI) but still using
standard survey software that could be used for face-to face (such
as SurveyCTO or similar) if the survey is implemented online, an
online survey tool should be used .
3.4. Market assessment report
Following the data collection and based on the main findings of
the market assessment, the selected firm will draft a complete
report analyzing the main challenges and main support for the needs
identified. This report should confirm the relevance of the sectors
under consideration for the project, such as
agriculture/agribusinesses, industry, tourism, knowledge/digital
economy, digital financial services (fintech), solid waste
management (circular economy), energy, fashion, beauty etc. In case
these sectors are found not relevant, the report must provide
recommendation on alternative business sectors to be supported by
the project.
Finally, the report should provide a mapping of the existing
Lebanese actors (service providers, NGOs…) who have the capacity to
implement the capacity building programme (training, coaching,
accelerator, BDS…) and the management of the grant programme.
The report of maximum 30 pages plus annexes will be in English,
with a summary in Arabic (maximum 10-15 pages).
3.5. Developing a concept note for the capacity building and
grant programme
Based on the findings of the market assessment and the specific
need for support identified, the selected firm will provide a short
orientation/recommendation note to serve as guideline for the EU4WE
team to draft the terms of reference (ToRs) of the capacity
building and grants programme for women-led and/or women-owned
business
This note must provide recommendations on at least the scope and
modalities of the capacity building programme, modalities of the
grant programme (financial envelope to be provided to MSMEs and
startups led or owned by women), and the outreach plan to access
potential beneficiaries.
The note will be discussed in due time between the EU4WE
project’s team and the selected firm.
The note will be in English and Arabic.
3.6. Communicating about the market assessment’s outputs
The selected firm will develop short note explaining the
conclusions of the market assessment study and prepare a PowerPoint
presentation. It will also organize jointly with the EU4WE project
team, a small event (that could be online due to the situation) to
make the findings public to the audience, upon clearance by the
Expertise France and in line with EU communication
requirements.
IV. Deliverables
The main deliverables are (see timeline in section VI):
1. A market assessment report (max. 30 pages plus annexes)
providing a detailed analysis (based on evidences from the data
collection) of the gaps faced by women owned or women led
businesses, their specific support needs and recommending actions
and modalities of intervention.
2. Concept note for the capacity building and grant programme
(max. 5 pages).
3. A short note explaining the conclusions of the project and a
PowerPoint presentation.
4. Organization of a presentation event of the market
assessment’s results (in the EU4WE’s office or other venue. The
event could also be online).
V. Required qualifications
4.
5.
5.1. For the candidate firm
· At least 7 years’ experience in implementing complex
quantitative and qualitative surveys in Lebanon or coordinating
this work.
· Registered firm/social enterprise/NGO with legal entity in
Lebanon
· Consortiums can apply provided one of the members has physical
presence in Lebanon for the last five years.
· At least one project or similar assignment implemented in
Mount Lebanon, Tyr and Saida (south) (at least in two of the three
selected places)
· Previous experience having implemented similar business
surveys in Lebanon is a plus.
· At least 5 years’ experience in private sector and gender
issues (women’s economic empowerment).
· Experience and flexibility to work in a challenging
environment and experience managing and implementing projects using
online platforms and communications.
· At least one previous experience implementing electronic
surveys (with tablets) and phone interviews.
· At least one previous with SurveyCTO or similar survey
softwares
· Demonstrated capacity to train and monitor teams online
(precautionary in light of COVID-19 evolution).
· Knowledge of the business environment in Lebanon.
· In the proposal, the selected firm should propose the staffing
for the data collection teams (CVs) and provide information on the
technical and managerial capabilities of the firm including the
qualifications of key staff available for the project in
Lebanon.
5.2. For the expertise
Below is a suggestion for the team composition, but candidates
are encouraged to adapt their proposal with their proposed team
composition. Moreover, the candidate firm must show evidence (CVs)
of staff possessing the required qualifications or demonstrate
their capacity to recruit staff with the required
qualifications.
Expertise profile: Mid to Senior Experts
Project Manager/Coordinator
The project coordinator will oversee the fieldwork. The
responsibilities of the project coordinator are the following: to
supervise all activities of supervisors and enumerators; to
coordinate the selection of women-led and/or women-owned business
and the screening process to ensure that the selected businesses
meet the requirements of the study; to assign the selected
businesses to be surveyed to supervisors and enumerators; to assist
the team to ensure maximum participation and minimize non response;
to coordinate with supervisors the quality control of the data
collection process; and to ensure that the data entry is carried
out efficiently and in an environment that minimizes human
error.
· Master’s degree – Statistics, sociology or economy, or
equivalent*.
· High familiarity with the business environment of Lebanon and
quantitative and qualitative research, as demonstrated by previous
experience with such work.
· Demonstrated capacity and experience with large-scale survey
management, planning for field operations.
· At least 7 years of experience with data quality assurance
mechanisms (field work management, data entry programming,
etc.)
· At least one previous experience with survey softwares
· Demonstrated managerial skills, accountability, and
responsibility.
· Fluency in Arabic and English
*If the project manager does not have the necessary data
analysis/statistic background but complies to the rest of
requirements, the proposed team should include a statistician
part-time.
Field Enumerators & Supervisors
The responsibility of the enumerator will be: to visit/contact
the selected women-led and/or women-owned business and ensure their
participation; to conduct interviews with the selected respondents;
to accurately record respondents’ answers; to ensure completeness
and accuracy of answers; to ensure security and confidentiality of
the completed questionnaires; to deliver completed questionnaires
to supervisors (submit to server); to respond to other needs
related to the field work as assigned from time to time; and to
safeguard the confidentiality and privacy of the collected
information.
The responsibilities of the supervisors will be: to supervise
all activities of their assigned enumerators in his/her region and
to monitor their activities during the data collection process
(through spot checks and call backs); to assess the quality of the
work of the enumerators; to explain clearly to each enumerator
his/her duties and responsibilities; to assist enumerators in
securing women-led and/or women-owned business participation if
necessary; to provide all logistical support and material to
enumerators; to provide feedback to enumerators on quality
assurance and methodology requirements.
· Completed undergraduate university degree (Bachelor or
equivalent).
· Familiarity with quantitative and qualitative research,
preferably as demonstrated by previous experience with such
work.
· At least 2 years’ experience with survey administration, as
demonstrated by previous enumeration work, including field
experience and data entry.
· At least 1 year experience with business surveys
· Ability/ previous experience working with tablets/ electronic
surveys (at least one experience)
· Demonstrated ability to work independently and as part of a
team.
· High degree of knowledge about, and ability to travel freely
throughout Lebanon
· Fluency in Arabic and English
· High attention to detail.
· Demonstrated interpersonal skills.
All members of the team must be familiar with online and digital
data collection solutions in order to be able to operate despite
meetings restrictions due to the COVID19 situation.
Supervisors could also act, as backcheckers if these are not
hired separately.
VI. Coordination and Work organization
The selected firm will work closely with the EU4WE project team.
Weekly meetings will take place to assess the progress of the
project, to contribute to methodological aspects, and to oversee
the selected firm on strategic and implementation issues. The EU4WE
team will also join the selected firm during the survey
implementation phase when relevant and if possible due to the
current situation. The EU4WE team is composed of a Team Leader, a
project officer and short-term expert economist (for follow-up and
quality assurance purposes).
Indicative work calendar:
· Start of the assignment: 1st October 2020
· Draft report: 15 December 2021 with TORs
· Final report: 1st February 2021 with presentation.
· Small event to be organized end of February 2021.
VII. Contractual information
6.
7.
7.1. Duration, location and budget
Location: Lebanon
Type of contract: Service contract
Duration of the contract: 16 weeks from the signature of the
service contract.
Start date: As soon as possible given the current health
situation. The selected firm´s experts shall be working from their
home or office and abiding by the restrictions and directives of
the Government of Lebanon on health and safety measures. The
selected firm is responsible for arranging all logistical aspects
of the mission (i.e. visits to public institutions, business
associations… ) in coordination with the EU4WE project’s team
Maximum budget available for the services: 49 500 EUR
7.2. Future use of the data
The completed datasets will be the property of Expertise France.
The selected firm/service provider may not use the data for its own
research purposes, nor license the data to be used by others,
without the expressed written consent of Expertise France. All data
and information collected or received for the purposes of this
study will be kept strictly confidential and will be used
exclusively to execute the assignment. Expertise France solely and
exclusively, owns all rights in and to any work created in
connection with this assignment, including all data, documents,
information, copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets or
other proprietary rights in and to the work. The selected
firm/service provider is not allowed to post or publish
(electronically or in print) any project-related information
without the explicit permission of Expertise France.
7.3. Sub-contracting
The selected firm will be responsible for contracting with
individual consultants and other vendors/service providers who may
be hired to provide services as required, to complete the
project-related activities in Lebanon.
Bidders intending to sub-contract to local firms must present
the names and references of all the proposed sub-Consultants.
Expertise France reserves the right of approving each
sub-Consultant. Any change of the sub-Consultants must be approved
by the EU4WE project’s team. Bidders are encouraged to include
sufficient information on the sub-consultants for the selection
committee to decide on their ability to carry out the survey in
each region. Bidders must be able to accommodate alternative
sub-Consultants whenever Expertise France and the conditions of the
country determine it to be necessary.
Annex 1. Tentative content for the Semi-structured
interviews
1. Business Background
2. Products, markets, and strategies: overview of key
products/services, strategic positioning, markets.
3. Production structure
4. Skills and workforce development:
5. Business environment (local/global): What are the main
constraints in the local/national environment (business climate,
structural issues, labor force, etc); what could the industry or
the government do to address these constraints? How effective is
the dialogue with the government? What support is the industry
providing (alone or with institutional partners)? What is
missing?
6. Digital capacity for Online learning/coaching. Type of
equipment, skills etc
7. Analyze impact and lessons learnt from the COVID-19.
12