dairy_2008-02-07_H-Protein.pdf

BuildingBuildingBuilding Building MilkMilk ProteinProteinMilk Milk ProteinProtein

Mike HutjensExtension Dairy SpecialistExtension Dairy SpecialistUniversity of Illinois 1

2008 Illinois Area Dairy Days

Todays ProgramTodays Programy gy g Value of milk proteinValue of milk protein Balancing for amino acidsBalancing for amino acids

Role of MUNRole of MUN Role of MUNRole of MUN


$20 milk in 2004$20 milk in 2004$20 milk in 2004 $20 milk in 2004 is is not $20 milk in 2008not $20 milk in 2008

Hay prices approaching $250 a ton Hay prices approaching $250 a ton Grain mi t res p $100 a tonGrain mi t res p $100 a ton Grain mixtures up $100 a tonGrain mixtures up $100 a ton

Forage inventories are tight; Forage inventories are tight; cows cows still need fiberstill need fiber

Breakeven milk prices have reached a Breakeven milk prices have reached a new level ($16 in Illinois)new level ($16 in Illinois)

Consumer milk prices has reached aConsumer milk prices has reached aConsumer milk prices has reached a Consumer milk prices has reached a new level at $3.50/gallon (IL)new level at $3.50/gallon (IL) 3


Feed Economics in Feed Economics in ILIL Dry matter intake vs. milk priceDry matter intake vs. milk price

2 pounds of milk per pound of DMI2 pounds of milk per pound of DMI 38 to 42 cents income vs. 8 cents expense38 to 42 cents income vs. 8 cents expense

Comparison of forages vs. grain vs. fatComparison of forages vs. grain vs. fatCorn silage ($40/t) = 8 1 cent per McalCorn silage ($40/t) = 8 1 cent per Mcal Corn silage ($40/t) = 8.1 cent per McalCorn silage ($40/t) = 8.1 cent per Mcal

Corn grain ($4.00/bu) = 9.0 cent per McalCorn grain ($4.00/bu) = 9.0 cent per McalFat (26 cents/lb) = 11 9 cents per McalFat (26 cents/lb) = 11 9 cents per Mcal Fat (26 cents/lb) = 11.9 cents per McalFat (26 cents/lb) = 11.9 cents per Mcal


A Look atA Look atA Look atA Look atProducingProducingProducingProducingMilk ProteinMilk ProteinMilk ProteinMilk Protein


Changing Milk Values Changing Milk Values g gg g

10/0710/07 20042004 20032003Milk fat (lb)Milk fat (lb) 1.511.51 2.052.05 1.211.21

( )( ) 3030 2 602 60 2 22 2Milk protein (lb)Milk protein (lb) 4.304.30 2.602.60 2.242.24

Milk (cwt)Milk (cwt) 21 7621 76 15 0615 06 11 4011 40Milk (cwt) Milk (cwt) 21.7621.76 15.0615.06 11.4011.40


Higher Higher Milk ComponentsMilk Componentsgg pp

Milk fat percent at 4 0% fat compared to 3 7% fat:Milk fat percent at 4 0% fat compared to 3 7% fat: Milk fat percent at 4.0% fat compared to 3.7% fat: Milk fat percent at 4.0% fat compared to 3.7% fat: 0.3 percent unit x 100 lb milk = 0.3 lb fat0.3 percent unit x 100 lb milk = 0.3 lb fat

0 3 lb f t $1 50 / lb + $0 45 t0 3 lb f t $1 50 / lb + $0 45 t 0.3 lb fat x $1.50 / lb = + $0.45 per cwt0.3 lb fat x $1.50 / lb = + $0.45 per cwt Milk protein percent at 3.2% compared to 3.0 true Milk protein percent at 3.2% compared to 3.0 true

protein:protein:protein: protein: 0.2 percent unit x 100 lb = 0.2 lb protein0.2 percent unit x 100 lb = 0.2 lb protein

0 2 lb t i $4 30 / lb $0 86 t0 2 lb t i $4 30 / lb $0 86 t 0.2 lb protein x $4.30 / lb = $0.86 per cwt0.2 lb protein x $4.30 / lb = $0.86 per cwt

Bottom line: $1.31 more per cwtBottom line: $1.31 more per cwt7


Normal Milk Fat & True Milk Protein Normal Milk Fat & True Milk Protein Relationships (Relationships (Hoards Dairyman)Hoards Dairyman)

Fat %Fat % Protein %Protein %Protein Protein vs Fatvs Fat

Fat vs Fat vs ProteinProtein

AyrshireAyrshire 3 763 76 3 103 10 82%82% 1 211 21AyrshireAyrshire 3.763.76 3.103.10 82%82% 1.211.21

Brown SwissBrown Swiss 3.963.96 3.263.26 82%82% 1.211.21

GuernseyGuernsey 4.464.46 3.293.29 74%74% 1.361.36

HolsteinHolstein 3 693 69 3 003 00 81%81% 1 231 23HolsteinHolstein 3.693.69 3.003.00 81%81% 1.231.23

JerseyJersey 4.574.57 3.543.54 78%78% 1.291.29


Missing Milk ProteinMissing Milk Proteingg Ask the cowsAsk the cows

Breed ratio on your farm by lactation Breed ratio on your farm by lactation and productionand production

Fecal score (2.5 to 3.5)Fecal score (2.5 to 3.5) Ask the computerAsk the computerpp

Level of crude protein (16.5 to 17.5), Level of crude protein (16.5 to 17.5), RUP (34 to 37% of total), and RUP (34 to 37% of total), and 3030--32% soluble (% of crude)32% soluble (% of crude)

Amino balance and profileAmino balance and profile


BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancingfor Amino Acidsfor Amino Acidsfor Amino Acidsfor Amino Acids


Balancing Amino Acid Balancing Amino Acid gg More milk and/or componentsMore milk and/or components

4 to 5 lb more milk4 to 5 lb more milk +0.1 to 0.2% milk protein+0.1 to 0.2% milk proteinpp +0.1 to 0.3% milk fat+0.1 to 0.3% milk fat

Lower protein diets (16 5 = +20 cents)Lower protein diets (16 5 = +20 cents)Lower protein diets (16.5 20 cents)Lower protein diets (16.5 20 cents) Higher feed efficiency (+ 0.08 = $0.17)Higher feed efficiency (+ 0.08 = $0.17)

L t b li di d (f tt li )L t b li di d (f tt li ) Lower metabolic disorders (fatty liver)Lower metabolic disorders (fatty liver) Improved reproduction (lower BUN)Improved reproduction (lower BUN) Immunity (chickens and steers)Immunity (chickens and steers)


Ohio State University TrialsOhio State University TrialsyyConCon--HP HPHP HP--feed feed LP LPLP LP--aaaa

CP (%)CP (%) 18.318.3 18.3 18.3 16.916.9 16.916.9Milk (lb)Milk (lb) 89.389.3 101.6101.6 94.494.4 102.5102.5Protein (%)Protein (%) 2.952.95 2.982.98 2.992.99 3.093.09MUN (mg/dl)MUN (mg/dl) 16.816.8 17.317.3 14.314.3 13.513.5IOFC ($)IOFC ($) 8.708.70 9.549.54 8.748.74 9.909.90

HPHP--feed: High digestible commercial blend (HDCB)feed: High digestible commercial blend (HDCB)LPLP--aa: HDCB plus balanced lysine and methionineaa: HDCB plus balanced lysine and methionine


Protein Level and Form (IL)Protein Level and Form (IL)( )( ) 60 Holstein cows fed for 210 days60 Holstein cows fed for 210 days

Three levels of crude protein (14.8, 16.8. and 18.7%)Three levels of crude protein (14.8, 16.8. and 18.7%)

Two sources of protein (soy and animal blendTwo sources of protein (soy and animal blend----APB)APB)

Early lactation cow with APB most efficient (1.68)Early lactation cow with APB most efficient (1.68)

High producing cows had highest efficiency (1.72)High producing cows had highest efficiency (1.72)

Nitrogen capture was highest with the lowest protein diet Nitrogen capture was highest with the lowest protein diet (30 to 33%) but also had lowest milk yield (83.8)(30 to 33%) but also had lowest milk yield (83.8)

MUN reflected protein status of the groups (ranged 8.2 to MUN reflected protein status of the groups (ranged 8.2 to 15.0 with lower levels with AP)15.0 with lower levels with AP)

APB groups were more efficient than soy at all levels of APB groups were more efficient than soy at all levels of crude protein crude protein 13


Impact of Protein Form and LevelImpact of Protein Form and Levelpp

LCP (14.8)LCP (14.8) MCP (16.8) HCP (18.7)MCP (16.8) HCP (18.7)( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )SBM APB SBM APB SBM APB SBM APBSBM APB SBM APB

Feed EffFeed Eff 1.591.59 1.641.64 1.581.58 1.651.65 1.611.61 1.691.69

High CowsHigh Cows 1.681.68 1.811.81 1.691.69 1.671.67 1.691.69 1.761.76Low CowsLow Cows 1.551.55 1.611.61 1.571.57 1.611.61 1.531.53 1.651.65

MUNMUN 9.09.0 8.28.2 11.111.1 11.011.0 14.714.7 13.613.6


Midwest Field StudyMidwest Field Studyyy Four herds in IL, MN, and WIFour herds in IL, MN, and WI 25 grams of dl25 grams of dl--methionine hydroxy methionine hydroxy

analogue added to the experimentalanalogue added to the experimentalanalogue added to the experimental analogue added to the experimental rationration

Increase of 4 pounds of milkIncrease of 4 pounds of milk Increase of 0 11 lb of milk proteinIncrease of 0 11 lb of milk proteinIncrease of 0.11 lb of milk proteinIncrease of 0.11 lb of milk protein Benefit to cost ratio of 5:1Benefit to cost ratio of 5:1


Using a Rumen ModelUsing a Rumen Modelgg Models (recommended)Models (recommended)

NRC 2001 ModelNRC 2001 Model CornellCornell--PennPenn--Minert Model (CPM)Minert Model (CPM) AminoCowAminoCow Spartan (possibly in 2008)Spartan (possibly in 2008)p (p y )p (p y )

Estimate amino acids from RUP and Estimate amino acids from RUP and microbial synthesismicrobial synthesismicrobial synthesismicrobial synthesis

Adjusts for dry matter intake, feeds, and Adjusts for dry matter intake, feeds, and rumen impactrumen impactrumen impact rumen impact


Spartan II Spartan II vsvs. Rumen Models. Rumen Modelspp Built a ration with current guidelines using Built a ration with current guidelines using

S f ( )S f ( )Spartan II software (no model)Spartan II software (no model)

1350 lb cow, 100 lb milk, 3.5% fat, 3.3% protein1350 lb cow, 100 lb milk, 3.5% fat, 3.3% protein1350 lb cow, 100 lb milk, 3.5% fat, 3.3% protein1350 lb cow, 100 lb milk, 3.5% fat, 3.3% protein

20 lb corn silage, 10 lb alfalfa, 9 lb corn, 4 lb 20 lb corn silage, 10 lb alfalfa, 9 lb corn, 4 lb sbm 2 lb heatsbm 2 lb heat treated sbm 0 5 lb of pork bloodtreated sbm 0 5 lb of pork bloodsbm, 2 lb heatsbm, 2 lb heat--treated sbm, 0.5 lb of pork blood treated sbm, 0.5 lb of pork blood meal, 3 lb cottonseed, 1 lb soy hulls (no meal, 3 lb cottonseed, 1 lb soy hulls (no minerals additives or vitamins)minerals additives or vitamins)minerals, additives or vitamins)minerals, additives or vitamins)


A Look at Three ModelsA Look at Three ModelsCNCPSCNCPS NRC AminoCowNRC AminoCow

Crude protein(%)Crude protein(%) 18.718.7 18.618.6 18.718.7Met Protein (lb)Met Protein (lb) 6.256.25 6.136.13 5.745.74Met Protein (lb)Met Protein (lb) 6.25 6.25 6.136.13 5.745.74Bacteria protein (g) Bacteria protein (g) 3.383.38 2.842.84 2.112.11RUP (g)RUP (g) 3 143 14 3 043 04 3 633 63RUP (g)RUP (g) 3.14 3.14 3.043.04 3.633.63Lysine (g)Lysine (g) 194194 217217 187187Methionine (g)Methionine (g) 5555 6161 5252Lys/meth ratioLys/meth ratio 3.533.53 3.563.56 3.593.59yy


Amino Acid Feeding StrategiesAmino Acid Feeding Strategiesg gg g Legumes Legumes

Alfalfa and soybean mealAlfalfa and soybean meal Consider metabolizable methionineConsider metabolizable methionineConsider metabolizable methionineConsider metabolizable methionine

Corn products Corn products Corn grain, byCorn grain, by--products, and silageproducts, and silage Consider metabilizable lysine and methionineConsider metabilizable lysine and methionine

6.6% lysine: 2.2% methionine of MP6.6% lysine: 2.2% methionine of MP


ByBy--ProductProductByBy ProductProductFeedFeedFeedFeedEconomicsEconomicsEconomicsEconomics


ByBy--product Feeds (Energy)product Feeds (Energy)yy p ( gy)p ( gy)Shelled Corn Price Shelled Corn Price $ /$ / $ /$ /$3.00/bu $3.00/bu $3.50/bu$3.50/bu

$ / ton$ / tonCottonseed, fuzzyCottonseed, fuzzy 204204 230230Corn gluten feedCorn gluten feed 119119 140140Hominy feedHominy feed 122122 139139Soy hullsSoy hulls 9999 109109Wheat middsWheat midds 115115 131131

(Soybean meal 44% at $250/ton)(Soybean meal 44% at $250/ton)21


ByBy--product Feedsproduct FeedsByBy product Feedsproduct Feeds(Energy)(Energy)

Corn / SBM Corn / SBM PricesPrices4.50/350 3.50/2504.50/350 3.50/2504.50/350 3.50/2504.50/350 3.50/250

Cottonseed, fuzzyCottonseed, fuzzy 282282 230230Corn gluten feedCorn gluten feed 181181 140140Corn gluten feedCorn gluten feed 181181 140140Hominy Hominy feedfeed 174174 139139SoySoy hullshulls 139139 109109Soy Soy hullshulls 139139 109109Wheat middsWheat midds 164164 131131


ByBy--product Feeds (Protein)product Feeds (Protein)yy p ( )p ( )Soybean meal (44%)Soybean meal (44%)$200/ton $250/ton$200/ton $250/ton

Wet brewers grain (30%)Wet brewers grain (30%) 5555 6666Wet brewers grain (30%)Wet brewers grain (30%) 5555 6666(20%)(20%) 3737 4444

Corn distillers grainCorn distillers grain 214214 252252Corn distillers grainCorn distillers grain 214214 252252Pork meat and bonePork meat and bone 516516 645645Roasted soybeansRoasted soybeans 312312 389389

(55% RUP)(55% RUP)(Corn at $3.50/bushel)(Corn at $3.50/bushel)


ByBy--product Feedsproduct FeedsByBy product Feedsproduct Feeds(Protein)(Protein)

SBM SBM / Corn prices/ Corn prices---------------------------- ($)($) ---------------------------------------------------------- ($) ($) ------------------------------350/4.50350/4.50 250/3.50250/3.50

Corn distillers grainCorn distillers grain 336336 252252Corn distillers grainCorn distillers grain 336336 252252Pork meat and bonePork meat and bone 850850 645645Roasted Roasted soybeanssoybeans 596596 389389

(55% RUP)(55% RUP)


Fuzzy CottonseedFuzzy CottonseedFuzzy Cottonseed Fuzzy Cottonseed Target 5 percent oil / fatTarget 5 percent oil / fat Keep 2 to 3 pounds of cottonseedKeep 2 to 3 pounds of cottonseed Functional fiber is keyFunctional fiber is keyFunctional fiber is keyFunctional fiber is key Consider 5 pounds distillers Consider 5 pounds distillers

limitlimit free oil to pound (distillersfree oil to pound (distillers))limit limit free oil to pound (distillersfree oil to pound (distillers)) Corn gluten feed / soy hullsCorn gluten feed / soy hulls No source of energy for rumen microbesNo source of energy for rumen microbes Negative impact on rumen fermentationNegative impact on rumen fermentationg pg p


Distillers Grain Summary (SD)Distillers Grain Summary (SD)y ( )y ( )InclusionInclusion DMI Milk Fat ProteinDMI Milk Fat Protein(%DM)(%DM) (lb) (lb) (%) (%)(lb) (lb) (%) (%)NoneNone 48.448.4bb 72.872.8abab 3.393.39aa 2.952.95aaNoneNone 48.448.4 72.872.8 3.393.39 2.952.954 to 104 to 10 49.249.2aa 73.773.7aa 3.433.43aa 2.962.96aa

abab abab aa aa10 to 2010 to 20 51.751.7abab 73.373.3abab 3.413.41aa 2.942.94aa

20 to 3020 to 30 50.450.4abab 73.773.7aa 3.333.33aa 2.972.97aa

> 30> 30 46.046.0cc 71.171.1bb 3.473.47aa 2.832.83bb

Column values with different letter differs (P < 0.05)Column values with different letter differs (P < 0.05)26


Distillers Grain UpdateDistillers Grain Updatepp Variation is largeVariation is large

Oil (%)Oil (%) 17.717.7 (8 (8 22)22)

P t i (%)P t i (%) 30 030 0 (25(25 34)34) Protein (%)Protein (%) 30.030.0 (25 (25 34)34)

Wet distillers can reduce milk fat test Wet distillers can reduce milk fat test greater than dry distillersgreater than dry distillers

Target 10 to 20% of dry matter forTarget 10 to 20% of dry matter for Target 10 to 20% of dry matter for Target 10 to 20% of dry matter for lactating cows (oil content is critical)lactating cows (oil content is critical)


Distillers Watch ListDistillers Watch List Level of starch in the ration (> 26%)Level of starch in the ration (> 26%)

Level of oil in the ration (> 5%)Level of oil in the ration (> 5%)

Form of the oil in the ration (> lb free)Form of the oil in the ration (> lb free)

Level of Rumensin (>350 mg/day)Level of Rumensin (>350 mg/day)Level of Rumensin (>350 mg/day)Level of Rumensin (>350 mg/day)

Level of NDF (< 28%) and ADF (< 19%)Level of NDF (< 28%) and ADF (< 19%)

Fiber form (5 lb > 1 inch in length)Fiber form (5 lb > 1 inch in length)


Modified Corn CoModified Corn Co--ProductsProducts(Jefferson, WI, fob, Nov, 2007)(Jefferson, WI, fob, Nov, 2007)

G B Gl t M lG B Gl t M lGerm Bran Gluten MealGerm Bran Gluten MealProteinProtein 15 15 55 4545OilOil 2121 1 1 66TDNTDN 90 90 7777 9595%%StarchStarch 15 15 1818 66NDFNDF 1616 6464 2222NDFNDF 1616 6464 2222$/ton$/ton $150 $77 $220$150 $77 $220


MUN:MUN:MUN:MUN:Milk UreaMilk UreaMilk UreaMilk UreaNitrogenNitrogenNitrogenNitrogen


Action in the RumenAction in the Rumen RDP and soluble protein degrades in the RDP and soluble protein degrades in the

t i bl t d t tt i bl t d t trumen at variable rates and amounts to rumen at variable rates and amounts to ammoniaammonia

If ammonia is too high or the bacteria can If ammonia is too high or the bacteria can not capture, the ammonia is not capture, the ammonia is

/ f/ fabsorbed/transferred to the bloodabsorbed/transferred to the blood Liver converts toxic ammonia to urea and Liver converts toxic ammonia to urea and

it appears as blood urea nitrogenit appears as blood urea nitrogen


ArteriesArteries UreaUrea105105

UreaUrea156156

AAAA

RumenRumen IntestineIntestineNINI FNFN

171171MNMN157157

UNUN155155

AminoAminoA idA id

RUPRUP (AA)(AA)

MammaryMammary

494494 171171 157157 155155RDPRDP

BacteriaBacteria

AcidsAcids

AAAA

(AA)(AA)

176176184184

MammaryMammaryglandglandNHNH33

ProteinProtein KidneyKidney

UreaUrea--190190

AAAA --9191HeartHeart

LiverLiverUreaUrea260260

AAAA

NHNH33 ~ 0~ 0VeinsVeins 322008 Illinois Area Dairy Days

Interpreting Interpreting MUN ValuesMUN Valuesp gp g Normal values range from 10 to 14Normal values range from 10 to 14

Values under 7 and over 16 may be Values under 7 and over 16 may be an indication of a potential probleman indication of a potential probleman indication of a potential probleman indication of a potential problem

Develop a normal MUN profile for Develop a normal MUN profile for p pp pthe herd (lab, milking, and feeding the herd (lab, milking, and feeding pattern)pattern)

Normal variation: + / Normal variation: + / -- 3 MUN units3 MUN units


Other Items to Other Items to Confirm MUN ValuesConfirm MUN Values Check ration total protein, RDP, and Check ration total protein, RDP, and

soluble protein levelssoluble protein levelspp

Measure ration sugar and starch levelsMeasure ration sugar and starch levels

Evaluate milk protein levels and ratio Evaluate milk protein levels and ratio between fat and protein testbetween fat and protein testbetween fat and protein testbetween fat and protein test

Review manure consistencyReview manure consistency34


Optimal MUN Optimal MUN ppbased on research modelsbased on research models

Authors MUN (mg/dl)Authors MUN (mg/dl)Roseler 1993Roseler 1993 11 611 6Roseler, 1993Roseler, 1993 11.611.6Hof, 2002Hof, 2002 10.310.3K h 2002K h 2002 11 511 5Kohn, 2002Kohn, 2002 11.511.5Nousiainen, 2004Nousiainen, 2004 11.711.7Broderick, 2003Broderick, 2003 12.412.4Wattiaux 2004Wattiaux 2004 12 112 1Wattiaux, 2004Wattiaux, 2004 12.112.1


Interpreting MUN ValuesInterpreting MUN Valuesp gp g For bulk tank daily samples, consider For bulk tank daily samples, consider

weekly or monthly changes weekly or monthly changes (+ / (+ / -- 2 to 3 MUN points)2 to 3 MUN points)

For DHI, look at groups of cows For DHI, look at groups of cows (8 to 10 cows)(8 to 10 cows)( )( ) By lactation numberBy lactation number By level of milk productionBy level of milk production By days in milkBy days in milk

DHI and plant values may not be similar DHI and plant values may not be similar (different labs and equations)(different labs and equations)


Optimal MUN for What ?Optimal MUN for What ?pp9509504040

100*(Milk N/Intake N)

PercentagePercentageof intake Nof intake N

Milk Protein Yield MilkMilkProteinProtein

9009003535

3030

100*(Milk N/Intake N)in the milkin the milk YieldYieldg/dg/d

850850

800800

3030

2525 800800

750750

2525

2020

7007001515

00 55 1010 1515 2020 2525 3030

Nousiainen et al., 2004MUN, mg/dlMUN, mg/dl

00 55 1010 1515 2020 2525 3030


Protein GuidelinesProtein Guidelines Total protein: 16.5 to 17.5% CPTotal protein: 16.5 to 17.5% CP

RUP:RUP: 33 to 36% of CP33 to 36% of CP

RDP:RDP: 64 to 67% of CP64 to 67% of CP

Soluble protein: 28 to 33% of CPSoluble protein: 28 to 33% of CP

MP:Balanced (RUP and microbial)MP:Balanced (RUP and microbial) MP:Balanced (RUP and microbial)MP:Balanced (RUP and microbial)

Methionine and lysine: BalancedMethionine and lysine: Balancedyy39


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dairy_2008-02-07_H-Protein.pdf

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