DAFTAR ISI - Unissularepository.unissula.ac.id/7421/8/3. DAFTAR ISI.pdf · DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ... 6 2.1. Mineral ..... 6 2.1.1. Kalsium ... Kel = Kelompok l = Liter LOD = Limit

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN........................................................................................ ii

PRAKATA .............................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii

DAFTAR PERSAMAAN .................................................................................... xiv

INTISARI .............................................................................................................. xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 4

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 4

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 4

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 4

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 5

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ..................................................................... 5

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 6

2.1. Mineral ............................................................................................ 6

2.1.1. Kalsium .................................................................................. 6

2.1.2. Magnesium ............................................................................. 8

2.2. Kacang Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merill) .................................... 10

2.2.1. Taksonomi Kacang Kedelai ................................................. 11

2.2.2. Morfologi Kacang Kedelai .................................................. 11

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2.2.3. Komposisi Kimia Kacang Kedelai ....................................... 12

2.3. Spektrofotometri Ultra Violet-Visibel ........................................... 13

2.3.1. Teori Spektrofotometri ......................................................... 13

2.3.2. Komponen Spektrofotometri UV-Vis .................................. 14

2.3.3. Spektrofotometri Derivatif ................................................... 15

2.3.4. Hukum Lambert-Beer .......................................................... 18

2.4. Prinsip Penetapan Kadar Kalsium dan Magnesium dengan

Spektrofotometri UV-Vis .............................................................. 20

2.5. Validasi Metode Analisis .............................................................. 20

2.5.1. Optimasi Kondisi Analisis ................................................... 21

2.5.2. Parameter Validasi Metode Analisis .................................... 21

2.6. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 26

2.7. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 26

2.8. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 27

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 28

3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................... 28

3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ................................................ 28

3.2.1. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 28

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................ 28

3.3. Populasi dan Sampel ...................................................................... 29

3.3.1. Populasi ................................................................................ 29

3.3.2. Sampel .................................................................................. 29

3.4. Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian .................................................... 29

3.4.1. Alat ....................................................................................... 29

3.4.2. Bahan ................................................................................... 30

3.5. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................... 30

3.5.1. Prosedur Penelitian .............................................................. 30

3.5. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 39

3.6.1. Tempat Penelitian ................................................................ 39

3.6.2. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................. 40

3.7. Analisa Hasil Secara Statistik ........................................................ 40

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BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 41

4.1. Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 41

4.1.1. Determinasi Tumbuhan ........................................................ 41

4.1.2. Optimasi Metode .................................................................. 41

4.2. Pembahasan ................................................................................... 57

4.2.1. Determinasi Tumbuhan ........................................................ 57

4.2.2. Pembuatan Larutan Baku ..................................................... 58

4.2.3. Optimasi Metode.................................................................. 59

4.2.4. Destruksi Basah.................................................................... 62

4.2.5. Validasi Metode ................................................................... 64

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 69

5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 69

5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 69

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 71

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 76

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

C = Celcius

Ca = Kalsium

CES = Cairan Ekstra Seluler

CIS = Cairan Intra Seluler

g = Gram

kg = Kilogramm

Kel = Kelompok

l = Liter

LOD = Limit Of Detection

LOQ = Limit Of Quantification

Mg = Magnesium

mg = Miligram

mmol = Milimol

mL = Mili liter

nm = Nanometer

Ppm = Part Per Million

(p) = Pekat

SD = Standar Deviasi

SSA = Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom

UV-Vis = Ultra Violet-Visibel

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Kandungan gizi 100 g biji kedelai .................................................... 12

Tabel 2. 2 Rentang % recovery yang diizinkan ................................................. 23

Tabel 2. 3 Kriteria KV yang dapat diterima ...................................................... 24

Tabel 3. 1 Jadwal Penelitian .............................................................................. 40

Tabel 4. 1 Hasil Optimasi pH Mureksid Dengan Variasi Penambahan

Volume KOH 3,75 N ........................................................................ 42

Tabel 4. 2 Hasil Optimasi Kalsium Dengan Penambahan Volume Mureksid ... 43

Tabel 4. 3 Hasil Optimasi Pengambilan Volume Ca Dan Mg 1,408 ppm ......... 44

Tabel 4. 4 Hasil Linearitas Kalsium .................................................................. 52

Tabel 4. 5 Hasil Linearitas Magnesium ............................................................. 53

Tabel 4. 6 Hasil Penentuan Akurasi Kalsium pada Kacang Kedelai ................. 53

Tabel 4. 7 Hasil Penetapan Akurasi Magnesium Pada Kacang Kedelai ............ 54

Tabel 4. 8 Hasil Penetapan Akurasi Campuran Kalsium dan Magnesium

Pada Kacang Kedelai ........................................................................ 54

Tabel 4. 9 Hasil Presisi Kalsium Pada Kacang Kedelai .................................... 55

Tabel 4. 10 Hasil Presisi Magnesium Pada Kacang Kedelai ............................... 55

Tabel 4. 11 Hasil Penetapan Presisi Campuran Kalsium dan Magnesium Pada

Kacang Kedelai ................................................................................. 56

Tabel 4. 12 Hasil LOD dan LOQ Kalsium .......................................................... 56

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Kacang Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merill) ..................................... 10

Gambar 2.2 Instrumen Spektrofotometri UV-Vis .............................................. 14

Gambar 2.3 Spektrum turunan dari absorpsi UV ............................................... 17

Gambar 2.4 Kompleks Mureksid dan Ion Logam Divalen ................................ 20

Gambar 2.5 Reaksi Kompleks antara Mureksid dan Ion Logam Divalen ......... 20

Gambar 4. 1 Hasil Scanning UV-Vis panjang gelombang 300-700 nm ............. 45

Gambar 4. 2 Kurva Antara Waktu Pengamatan Dengan Absorbansi ................. 46

Gambar 4. 3 Orde derivatif 1 ............................................................................... 47

Gambar 4. 4 Orde derivatif 2 ............................................................................... 48

Gambar 4. 5 Orde derivatif 3 ............................................................................... 49

Gambar 4. 6 Orde derivatif 4 ............................................................................... 50

Gambar 4. 7 Selektivitas kalsium pada orde 2 .................................................... 51

Gambar 4. 8 Selektivitas magnesium pada orde 4 .............................................. 52

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Hasil Determinasi Tumbuhan ............................................................ 76

Lampiran 2 Perhitungan Bahan ............................................................................. 77

Lampiran 3 Hasil Optimasi Penambahan Reagen ................................................. 80

Lampiran 4 Hasil Pembacaan Spektra .................................................................. 82

Lampiran 5 Hasil Analisis Statistik....................................................................... 84

Lampiran 6 Penyiapan Sampel.............................................................................. 88

Lampiran 7 Ethical Clearance.............................................................................99