D4: SKOS and HIVE— Enhancing the Creation, Design and Flow of Information Speakers: Hollie White Jane Greenberg Coordinator: Alan Keely
Jan 12, 2016
D4: SKOS and HIVE—Enhancing the Creation,
Design and Flow of Information
Speakers: Hollie WhiteJane Greenberg
Coordinator: Alan Keely
What is SKOS?
2 components:1. Thesauri2. Semantic Web
Greenberg’s vocabulary control continuum
Classical view of ILS languages
<___|____|_______|______I______I______I__>Simple thesauri/ deeper taxonomies low level
full/intricate
Key word CV thesauri ontologies ontologies
Lists (WordNet) (OWL)
Thesaural identifiers• SN Scope Note – Instruction, e.g. don’t invert phrases
• USE Use (another term in preference to this one)
• UF Used For• BT Broader Term• NT Narrower Term• RT Related Term
Syndetic Relationships
• Hierarchical• Equivalent • Associative
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Hierarchical• Level of generality – both preferred
terms• BT (broader term)– Robins
BT Birds• NT (narrower term)– Birds
NT Robins
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Equivalent• When two or more terms represent
the same concept• One is the preferred term
(descriptor), where all the information is collected
• The other is the non-preferred and helps the user to find the appropriate term
Equivalent• Non-preferred term USE Preferred term– Nuclear Power USE Nuclear Energy– Periodicals USE Serials
• Preferred term UF (used for) Non-preferred term– Nuclear Energy UF Nuclear Power– Serials UF Periodicals
Associative• One preferred term is related to
another preferred term• Non-hierarchical• “See also” function• In any large thesaurus, a significant
number of terms will mean similar things or cover related areas, without necessarily being synonyms or fitting into a defined hierarchy
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Associative• Related Terms (RT) can be used to
show these links within the thesaurus– Bed
RT Bedding– Paint Brushes
RT Painting– Vandalism
RT Hostility– Programming
RT Software
SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization Systems
XMLRDF
OWLSKOS
Markup Languages“is a system for annotating a text in a way
which is syntactically distinguishable from that text.”
Using tags:
<tag>content to be rendered</tag>
Or a keyword in brackets to distinguish texts
--from Wikipedia
Descriptive MarkupDescriptive Markup“the markup is used to label parts of the
document rather than to provide specific instructions as to how they should be processed. The objective is to decouple the inherent structure of the document from any particular treatment or rendition of it. Such markup is often described as "semantic".
--from Wikipedia
XMLExtensible Markup Language--Created by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C).--Used to mark up documents on the
internet or electronic documents.--Users get to describe the tags that
are used and define how they are used.
NBII in XML<CONCEPT>
<DESCRIPTOR>Zygotes</DESCRIPTOR> <UF>Ookinetes</UF> <BT>Ova</BT> <NT>Oocysts</NT> <RT>Hemizygosity</RT> <RT>Reproduction</RT> <RT>Zygosity</RT> <SC>ASF Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries</SC> <SC>LSC Life Sciences</SC> <STA>Approved</STA> <TYP>Descriptor</TYP> <INP>2007-08-14</INP> <UPD>2007-08-14</UPD>
</CONCEPT>
RDFResource Description Framework“is a family of World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata data model. It has come to be used as a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax formats”
--from Wikipedia
OWL
Web Ontology Language--knowledge representation language
for displaying ontologies working with logic
SKOS• Family of languages used to
describe thesauri, controlled vocabulary, subject headings, and taxonomies.
NBII in SKOS/RDF<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#Zygotes"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/><skos:inScheme rdf:resource="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#conceptScheme"/><skos:altLabel>Ookinetes</skos:altLabel><skos:broader rdf:resource="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#Ova"/><skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#Oocysts"/><skos:prefLabel>Zygotes</skos:prefLabel><skos:related rdf:resource="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#Hemizygosity"/><skos:related rdf:resource="http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/nbii#Zygosity"/><skos:scopeNote>ASF Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries LSC Life Sciences</skos:scopeNote>
</rdf:Description>
Simple SKOS Tags
Skos: conceptSkos:prefLabelSkos:altLabelSkos:broaderSkos:narrowerSkos:related
SKOS tags• SN Scope Note = skos:scopeNote• USE Use = skos:prefLabel• UF Used For = skos:altLabel• BT Broader Term = skos:broader• NT Narrower Term = skos:narrower• RT Related Term = skos:relatedEach entry term has a skos:concept
Projects Using SKOS:• Library of Congresshttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/search/• Europeanahttp://www.europeana.eu/portal/• HIVEhttp://ils.unc.edu/mrc/hive/
Access to all handouts and slides will be posted to:
https://www.nescent.org/sites/hive/Workshop_Handouts_Slides#AALL.2C_July_12.2C_2010