11/20/2017 1 P.J. Hansen Dept. of Animal Sciences, University of Florida Importance of Immune Function for Optimal Reproduction of Dairy Cows Laval Daughter Pregnancy Rate 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 Year 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Milk yield (lb) 26000 26500 27000 27500 28000 RECENT CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND MILK YIELD IN US HOLSTEINS • Genetic selection • Timed AI The Next Major Increase in Fertility Will Occur by Enhancing Dairy Cow Health Sick cow Healthy cow Infertile cow Fertile cow MAIN POINT 1 HEALTHY COWS ARE FERTILE COWS
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11/20/2017
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P.J. HansenDept. of Animal Sciences, University of Florida
Importance of Immune Function for Optimal Reproduction of Dairy Cows
Laval
Daugh
ter Pr
egnanc
y Rate
2426283032343638
Year2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Milk y
ield (lb
)
2600026500270002750028000
RECENT CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND MILK YIELD IN US HOLSTEINS
• Genetic selection• Timed AI
The Next Major Increase in Fertility Will Occur by Enhancing Dairy Cow Health
Sick cow Healthy cowInfertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 1 HEALTHY COWS ARE FERTILE COWS
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Sick cow Healthy cow
Immune-compromised cow Immunocompetent cow
Infertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 2 – COWS ARE OFTEN SICK BECAUSE THEY HAVEPOOR IMMUNE FUNCTION
Sick cow Healthy cow
Immune-compromised cow Immunocompetent cow
Infertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 3: IMPROVING IMMUNE FUNCTION SHOULD INCREASE FERTILITY
improved immune function
Sick cow Healthy cowInfertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 1 HEALTHY COWS ARE FERTILE COWS
ImagesDenise RichLavalwww.heidihanskoch.comresumption of cyclicity
Establishment of pregnancy
Survival to term
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Category Cyclic, % Adjusted OR (95% CI) PHealthy 84.1 1.00 ---1 case of disease 80.0 0.97 (0.72 – 1.30) 0.83> 1 case of disease 70.7 0.60 (0.44 – 0.82) 0.001
Skin hypersensitivity test to type 1 Agwk +1 rel to calving DiseaseincidenceIR=Average of AMIR + CMIRCalculated EBV for immune responses using pedigree information
Incidence of Disease (%) as affected byEBV for Overall Immune Response (IR)Disease Low EBV for
Thompson-Crispi et al., Clin. Vaccine Immunol 20:106 (2013)
Incidence Rate of Clinical Mastitis for Cows Classified by EBV for Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses (cases/100 cow-years)
Administration of Pegylated G-CSF Increases Neutrophil Number and Reduces Incidence of Clinical Mastitis
Canning et al., J Dairy Sci 100:6504 (2017)
~7 d before and 24 h after calving
Bred heifers: 4 g/45 kg BW as daily top-dress 60 d before calving (n=20) or grain mix control (n=20)
A proprietary product that modulates the immune response to a pathogen challenge, especially during periods of immune suppression or dysfunction.
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Effects of OmniGen-AF on Incidence of Adverse Health Effects
Nace et al., Vet Immunol Immunopathol 161:240 (2014)
Effects of OmniGen-AF on Mammary Infection, SCC and Milk Yield
Sick cow Healthy cow
Immune-compromised cow Immunocompetent cow
Infertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 2 – COWS ARE OFTEN SICK BECAUSE THEY HAVEPOOR IMMUNE FUNCTION
• Cows that get metritis have lower PMN function• Progesterone is immunosuppressive; concentrations are related to incidence of uterine disease• Cows with genetic merit for low immune response are less likely to develop disease• Boosting immune function decreases incidence of specific disease
Sick cow Healthy cow
Immune-compromised cow Immunocompetent cow
Infertile cow Fertile cow
MAIN POINT 3: IMPROVING IMMUNE FUNCTION SHOULD INCREASE FERTILITY
improved immune function
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Neutrophils (green) phagocytosing E. coli (red) injecteds.c. into zebrafish larvaeColucci-Guyon et al., J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3053
Strategies to Enhance Immune Function in Postpartum Dairy Cows• Regulation of calcium metabolism to reduce hypocalcemia• Improving energy balance• Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecules• Feed nutritional supplements that enhance immune function (OmniGen-AF)• Administer biologicals that regulate immune function (Imrestor)• Select for cows with superior genetics for immune function
Administration of G-CSF Increases Neutrophil Numberand Reduces Incidence of Clinical Mastitis
Canning et al., J Dairy Sci 100:6504 (2017)
~7 d before and 24 h after calving
Canning et al., J Dairy Sci 100:6504 (2017)
Saline G-CSFMetritis 3.0% (9/300) 4.8% (14/290)Failure to be detected in estrus, day 80
9.4% (27/286) 4.6% (13/285)*Failure to conceive at first service
61.8% (160/259) 57.4% (156/272)
Incidence of Reproductive Problems as Affected by Pegylated G-CSF
10,238 primiparous and multiparous Holsteins from 17 dairies in MexicoTreatment with Imrestor® (i.e, pegbovigrastrim; i.e., pegylated G-CSF) at~ day 7 before calving and at 24 h after calving
Untreated G-CSFIncidence of clinical mastitis (%) 4.9 3.7**Incidence of retained placenta (%) 5.8 5.6Incidence of metritis (%) 8.4 9.8*
G-CSF treated cows had 5.8% greater chance of being inseminated by day 100 PP(Cox-Hazard ratio=1.058; P<0.05)
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ImagesDenise RichLavalwww.heidihanskoch.comresumption of cyclicity