181 (AiDAwie qIjw AiDAwie qIjw AiDAwie qIjw AiDAwie qIjw) Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIiqk gqIivDIAW Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIiqk gqIivDIAW Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIiqk gqIivDIAW Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIiqk gqIivDIAW : bMdw isMG bMdw isMG bMdw isMG bMdw isMG bh bh bh bhwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qk wdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qk wdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qk wdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qk auqr gurU-kwl bwry tyk isMG duAwrw idqI jwxkwrI ieiqhwsk p`K qoN bhuq mhqvpUrn hY[ ieh jwxkwrI 1708 qoN 1843 eI. qk dI hY, ijs ivc bwbw bM dw isMG bhwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy dyhWq qk dIAW GtnwvW vrxn kIqIAW geIAW hn[ ies kwl dw ivDIvq AiDAYn krn leI AsIN ies AiDAwie nUM iqMn BwgW ivc vMifAw hY- a. bwbw bM dw isM G bhwdr : gurU imlwp, lVweIAW Aqy AMiqm smW (1708-1716 eI.) A. is`K imslW dw AwrMB Aqy ivkws (1716-1799 eI.) e. is`K rwj dw AwrMB, ivkws Aqy pqn (1799-1843 eI.) (Bwg-a) bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr : : : : gurU imlwp, lVweIAW Aqy AMiqm smW gurU imlwp, lVweIAW Aqy AMiqm smW gurU imlwp, lVweIAW Aqy AMiqm smW gurU imlwp, lVweIAW Aqy AMiqm smW (1708-1716 eI.) eI.) eI.) eI.) cricq gRMQ ivc tyk isM G ny bMdw isMG bhwdr bwry do QW jwxkwrI idqI hY, ijsdy lgBg 11 p`qry bx jWdy hn[ p`qrw nM. 442 qoN 445 qk aus ny bMdw isMG bhwdr dy gurU jI nwl imlwp dw izkr kIqw hY Aqy p`qrw nM. 454 qoN 461 qk bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW lVweIAW dw hwl AMikq kIqw hY[ ivckwr dy p`qirAW aupr gurU goibMd isMG dI izMdgI dy AMiqm smwcwr ilKy hoey hn[ tyk isMG duAwrw idqI bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr nwl sMbMiDq jwxkwrI nUM AsIN iqMn BwgW ivc ivcwrn dw Xqn krWgy[
98
Embed
D wrim k Aqy rwj nIiq k gqIiv DIAWD wrim k Aqy rwj nIiq k ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/10398/7/07_chapter 3.pdf · bMdw isMG bhwdr nUM iek Aijhw Avqwr purS bxw idqw
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
bMdw isMGbMdw isMGbMdw isMGbMdw isMG bhbhbhbhwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qkwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qkwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qkwdr qoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qk
1. gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl imlwpgurU goibMd isMG jI nwl imlwpgurU goibMd isMG jI nwl imlwpgurU goibMd isMG jI nwl imlwp---- gurU jI nwl imlwp smyN bMdw isMG bhwdr dw nwm
‘dvwirkw dws’ sI[ dvwirkw dws vYSnv/vYrwgI swDU sI[ ausdw sMbMD bIqy jug dy
‘hwQI rwm’ nwmk swDU nwl sI Aqy ausny Awpxw fyrw hwQI rwm swDU dy hukm Anuswr
hI nWdyV ivKy bxwieAw sI[1 iesy klpnw dw hor ivsQwr krdw hoieAw tyk isMG
ilKdw hY ik hwQI rwm ny dvwirkw dws nUM gurU goibMd isMG dy pMQ bwry Aqy gurU jI dy
Awaux bwry jwxkwrI pihlW hI idqI hoeI sI[ tyk isMG iesy g`l nUM cwr kdm A`gy
qordw hoieAw ilKdw hY ik hwQI rwm ny dvwirkw dws nUM gurU jI dy hukm Anuswr
pMjwb jwx Aqy zwlmW nUM soDx, dI g`l mMnx dw hukm vI pihlW hI kIqw hoieAw
sI[2 gurU jI dy isMGW ny dvwirkw dws dy fyry aupr phuMc ky bkry Jtky Aqy mhwpRSwd
bxwieAw[ gurU jI aus sQwn ’qy bxy mMdr ivc gey Aqy mMjI dy cwry pwivAW aupr
cwr qIr r`K ky ibnw koeI SMkw kIqy bYT gey[ gurU jI dI AsIm SkqI dy A`gy cwr
bIr byvs ho gey jo dvwirkw dws leI krwmwqI SkqIAW dw AwDwr sn[3 dvwirkw
dws gurU jI nUM plMG aupr bYTy vyK ky aunHW A`gy SWqI nwl KVw ho igAw[ gurU jI dy
iqMn vwr puCx qy, ik qUM kOx hYN ? ausny auqr idqw ik qUM myrw swihb hYN Aqy mYN qyrw
bMdw hW[4 ausny gurU jI qoN syvw dI mMg kIqI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM Awpxy pirvwr nwl
1 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 442(A). 2 -auhI-, p`qrw 442(A). 3 -auhI, p`qrw 442(a). 4 hwQ joiV kir sIs invwvY irdw suD krqw js gwvY] hau bMdw qU swihb myrw gur Purmwn swQ js pwvY] drs prs aun dIE bqweI qau mwrg hm dyKq BwvY] Awsw pUrn krnY kY ihq Awey ho swihb ien QwvY]9] bMdw bMdgI krqw jwno prI kbUl jwnq ho swrI] Ab hau BieE ikqwrQ gurU jI bKso iKjmq hY BwrI] hwQI rwm pTwieE eIhw so qo bwq sPur BeI kwrI] Awgm vwk nYnn mY dyKY Awgy hwQ qumry ivvhwrI]23940] -auhI-, p`qrw 244(a).
183
hoey AinAW qoN jwxU krvwieAw Aqy ausnUM pMjwb jwx dw hukm idqw[ gurU jI ny ausnUM
ikhw ik sB qoN pihlW is`KW nUM iekqR krnw hY, iPr srhMd nUM aujwVnw hY Aqy
bweIDwrW nUM soDxw hY[ jdoN bMdw isMG, gurU jI A`gy nyqr bMd krky KVw hoieAw qW
ausnUM Awpxy AMdr AnMq SkqI dw Aihsws hoieAw[5 gurU jI ny bMdw isMG nUM pMj qIrW
---- PqY drsnI jh qh drsY AOr KOP ht jwq su qn hY]...2[PqY drsnI jh qh drsY AOr KOP ht jwq su qn hY]...2[PqY drsnI jh qh drsY AOr KOP ht jwq su qn hY]...2[PqY drsnI jh qh drsY AOr KOP ht jwq su qn hY]...2[27
---- suniq bwq bMdw cV dauirE PqY drsnI sMg Bey hY]...9]suniq bwq bMdw cV dauirE PqY drsnI sMg Bey hY]...9]suniq bwq bMdw cV dauirE PqY drsnI sMg Bey hY]...9]suniq bwq bMdw cV dauirE PqY drsnI sMg Bey hY]...9]28
----PqY drsnI pMQ hmwrw gur BweI dyPqY drsnI pMQ hmwrw gur BweI dyPqY drsnI pMQ hmwrw gur BweI dyPqY drsnI pMQ hmwrw gur BweI dyKq suK pwvq]...9]Kq suK pwvq]...9]Kq suK pwvq]...9]Kq suK pwvq]...9]29
---- PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw hoq ipAwrI jwnq Air hY]...2]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw hoq ipAwrI jwnq Air hY]...2]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw hoq ipAwrI jwnq Air hY]...2]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw hoq ipAwrI jwnq Air hY]...2]30
---- PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw rhy sucyq dono gV mY hY]...4]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw rhy sucyq dono gV mY hY]...4]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw rhy sucyq dono gV mY hY]...4]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw rhy sucyq dono gV mY hY]...4]31
----PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw mwirq vYrI qwih gieAw hY]...8]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw mwirq vYrI qwih gieAw hY]...8]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw mwirq vYrI qwih gieAw hY]...8]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw mwirq vYrI qwih gieAw hY]...8]32
---- PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw pwvq jIq dyKn jg swrw]...9]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw pwvq jIq dyKn jg swrw]...9]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw pwvq jIq dyKn jg swrw]...9]PqY drsnI gurU Kwlsw pwvq jIq dyKn jg swrw]...9]33
ienHW pMkqIAW ivc lyKk ny ‘&qih drSnI’ dy nwl vDyry QW ‘gurU Kwlsw’
Sbd dI vrqoN kIqI hY Bwv ausny ies Sbd nUM ‘pMQ gurU’ dy rUp ivc vriqAw hY[
ijvyN ikhw jWdw hY ik bMdw isMG bhwdr dy swQI imlx smyN ‘vwihgurU jI kI &qih’
&ru^sIAr dI mOq dw Asl kwrn aus duAwrw seIAdW nUM kmzor krn dIAW nIqIAW dw istw sI[ ijs bwry sIql ilKdw hY, “&r^sIAr dw ierwdw sI ik s`XdW dI qwkq ^qm kIqI jwvy[ ies kwrn id`lI drbwr iv`c do DVy ho gey jo 1717 eI. 1719 eI. qk Awps ivc JgVdy rhy[ AMq s`Xd AwpxI cwl ivc s&l ho gey[ auhnW &r^sIAr nUM q^qoN lwh ky AMnw kr idqw qy ku`C smyN ipCoN (27-28 ApRYl dI rwq nUM) kql kr idqw[” -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 34-35.
42 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 460(A).
43 iCmwhI vrK Thrn nhI dY hY inieAw piqswhI bnwvq lwgy]
aujrn lgI hkUmiq swrI pieE KrUd AqMq ABwgy] Thirn dyq nhI piqswhI seIAd dono jwnq jwgy] mwir kUt Aps mY kr kir vsqI srb aujwirq hY AwgY]7] -auhI-, p`qrw 460(A). -krq KUMn mn mwih ivcwry ijm bhwdir swih lukwno] mauj dIn idn QoirE mDy dyq htwie jwn mn mwno] bhwdir swih kry piqswhI ien seIdo hI qurq Kpwno]1] Prk isAr muir qwj qKq lY jIqq caudw Bvn khwaU] Qory idn mY vhu BI inbirE hor swih bnqy pl mwaU] kC mwry kC lUt ley hY kC dIey Bjwie Cpq hir QwaU] Ab mhMmd swih isir Awvq peI Kbr hrmw mY jwaU]2] -auhI-, p`qrw 462(A). -“ies vyly s`XdW dI qwkq cotI ’qy phuMcI hoeI sI[ auhnW AwpxI mrzI dw r&Iau~dwrjwq (bhwdr Swh
dw poqrw, 28 PrvrI 1719) q^q ’qy ibTwieAw[ ausdw suBw~ s`XdW dy psMd nw AwieAw, qW iqMn mhIny (4 jUn 1719) ipCoN hI zihr dy ky mwr idqw igAw Aqy ausdy v`fy Brw r&Iau~dOlw nUM (6 jUn 1719 eI.) bwdSwh bxw idqw[ iqMn mhIny ipCoN (18 sqMbr 1719 eI.) ausnUM vI Brw dy mgry qor idqw[” -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 35.
44 auqir dKn pUrb pCm Awk hoq nbwb sunwaU] ibnw caugqy dwmn dY hY jo sUbydwrI krq bqwaU] mwnq hukm seIdo kw nwhI mnsbdwir bYTy hir QwaU] bweI jo aumrwv qwibAw so BI rhy n Acl khwaU]3] -tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 460(A).
195
hY ik rwjw Bjn-bMdZI krn vwlw, cMgy prqwp vwlw, cwr pdwrQW dw mwlk, prjw
dy nukswn kwrn id`lI srkwr is`KW qoN qMg Aw cukI sI[ iesqoN ielwvw isMG AwpxI
SkqI dy auQwn qy jMg swmgrI iek`TI krn leI lokW nUM idn-idhwVy hI lu`t lYNdy
sn[50 isMGW dI vDdI SkqI nUM rokx leI kmrudIn ^W51 nUM &Oj dy ky pMjwb ByijAw
igAw pr pMjwb ivc isMGW dI qwkq nUM vyKky auh smJ igAw ik kyvl id`lI qoN
muihMm Byjx nwl isMGW dI bZwvq nUM dbwieAw nhIN jw skdw[ ies leI aus ny
muhMmd Swh nUM ieh slwh idqI ik lwhOr ivc iksy SkqIswlI ivAkqI nUM sUbydwr
bxwieAw jwvy Aqy ausnUM ieMny AiDkwr idqy jwx ik auh kyvl id`lI dy hukm dw
muQwj nw hovy blik svY-inrxy dy nwl vI kwrvweI kr skdw hovy[ kmrudIn ^W dI
g`l nUM iDAwn nwl ivcwrn auprMq muhMmd Swh ny ^wn bhwdr (zkrIAw ^wn) nUM
lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw ky ByijAw Aqy mIr mMnUM dw ruqbw vDw ky ausnUM vI ^wn bhwdur
49
bnqy jwq isMG hI swrY KMfyDwrI pwihl pIvY] cwir brn ky BweI ho kY PqY ngwrw dY dY jIvY] nMg BuK Ar sIq ausn hI lwB hwn qij dyq sunIvY] pRB pRqwp kir kIVI jIqq dl bw dl Bsm hI QIvY]9] gurU Kwlsw vDqo jY hY Gir mwih AMbIr lKwey] Awpo ApnI naubq Dir kY vwihgurU kI PqY bulwey] AOr pMQ kau jwny nwhI isMG isMG rl Ahwir krwey] pIvq pwhl KMfy kI jb hoq bhwdir hI hir Qwey]24250] -tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 465(a).
50 “auh sO-sO dy jQy bxw ky ielwky ivc iPrn lgy[ Awpxy guzwry jogI ikqy nw ikqy lu`t mwr vI kr lYNdy[ ijnHW lokW ny ip`Cy is`KW dy pirvwr PVwey qy Gr Fuhwey sn, auhnW ivcoN kyeI ^wlsy dy gu`sy dw iSkwr ho gey[” -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 36-37.
not : 1726 eI. qk pMjwb ivc is`KW dy hOsly kw&I vD cuky sn[ s. qwrw isMG vW ny iesy swl momn ^W dI &Oj dy keI nwmI jrnYlW nUM mwr ky ShIdI pRwpq kIqI sI Aqy iesy swl hI isMGW ny mulqwn qoN idlI qy ksUr qoN lwhOr jw rhy, srkwrI ^zwny nUM lut ilAw sI[ iesqoN ielwvw SwhI sOdwgr murqzw ^W qoN srkwrI GoVy Koh ley sn Aqy muhMmd Swh dy swlHy nvwb jw&r ^W nUM goieMdvwl dy p`qx ’qy lut ilAw sI[ -auhI-, pMnw 42-43.
51 ieh 1724 eI. ivc nzwmul mulk dy AsqI&w dyx ’qy idlI dw vzIr bixAw sI[ -auhI-, pMnw 37.
leI &wsI dw hukm jwrI kr idqw[ ^wn bhwdur ny isMGW nUM imtwaux dw bIVw cuikAw
Aqy iesdI pUrqI leI Awpxy drbwr ivc isMGW nUM keI qrHW dIAW Axmn`uKI szwvW
idqIAW[ iksy dw Kopr auqwr idqw, iksy nUM sUlI cwVH idqw, iksy dy bMd-bMd kt idqy
Aqy iksy nUM crKI cwVH idqw[ isMGW dy isrW nwl KUh Br ky, aupr isrW dy burj
auswr idqy[ ^wn bhwdur ny is`KW dy AsqIqv nUM imtwaux dw hr sMBv Xqn kIqw,
pr is`KW ny mOq dw KO& imtw ky, ShIdIAW pRwpq kIqIAW Drm qoN munkr nw hoey[56
18vIN sdI dw ieiqhws vwicAW pqw lgdw hY ik aukq s`c nUM is`KW ny Awpxy ipMfy
auqy hMFwieAw sI[57
52
fw. gMfw isMG ny vI Koj auprMq tyk isMG vWg hI iliKAw hY ik is`KW dIAW vwrdwqW nUM rokx leI muhMmd Swh ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr Abdusm`d ^W nUM mulqwn ivc bdl id`qw Aqy aus dy vDyry joSIly puqr zkrIAw ^W nUM, jo ieiqhws ivc ^wn bhwdur dy nW nwl pRis`D hoieAw, ausdy ipqw dI QW ’qy inXukq kr idqw[ -fw. gMfw isMG, auhI, pMnw 114-15.
53 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 465(A)
54 ieiqhwsk qOr ’qy isr& lKpiq rwey hI dIvwn bixAw sI, tyk isMG ny Zlq ibAwnI kridAW dovW BrwvW dy dIvwn bxn bwry ilK idqw hY[
55 isMGW nUM cor, lutyry Aqy DwVvI igixAw jWdw sI ikauNik aunHW ny keI vwrI srkwrI ^zwnw luitAw sI[
56 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 466(a).
57 zkrIAw ^wn duAwrw kIqy AiqAwcwrW Aqy is`KW nUM imtwaux leI aus duAwrw vrqIAW nIqIAW bwry
(bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)
199
bwl hkIkq rwey isAwlkot dw rihx vwlw sI, jo is`KW vWg hI ^wn bhwdur
dy zulmW dw swhmxw krdw hoieAw, ShId ho igAw[ tyk isMG Anuswr iek idn
hkIkq rwey dw qurkW dy lVky nwl Kyfdy-Kyfdy JgVw ho igAw[ qurkW dw lVkw sIqw
(rwm dI pqnI) nUM gwlHW dyx lg ipAw[ hkIkq rwey ausnUM kihx lgw ik sIqw nUM
mMdw nw bol ikauNik ijho ijhI sIqw hY Eho jyhI hI &wiqmW (muhMmd swihb dI puqrI)
hY[ ieh sux ky qurkW dy lVky ny vifAW qk phuMc kIqI[ kw&I rOlw vDx krky kwzI,
mulw Aqy iemwm ny Aw ky ihMdUAW dy lVky nUM doSI mMinAw[ ihMdUAW ny JgVw mukwaux
leI ikhw pr qurk JgVw mukwaux dI QW iekTy ho ky ^wn bhwdur kol lwhOr gey Aqy
ikhw ik AsIN ieslwm dI Kwqr Awpxw sB kuJ vwirAw hY, hux swfy nwl inAW hoxw
bhwdur duAwrw ibnw lVy hI nwdr Swh nUM rsqw dyx dI Gtnw ieiqhwsk qOr ’qy TIk
nhIN hY ikauNik ies hmly dOrwn ^wn bhwdur ny nwdr Swh nwl liVAw sI, pr hwr
igAw sI[63 jdoN nwdr Swh id`lI v`l viDAw qW aus dw mukwblw krn leI muhMmd
Swh dy iSpwhI qop^wnw lY ky mYdwn64 ivc auqry jo burI qrHW hwr gey[ id`lI ivKy
siQq Shwdq ^wn Aqy inzwmul mulk (inzwm-aul-mulk) ny muhMmd Swh nUM ij`q dI
JUTI ^br idqI Aqy ij`q dw ngwrw vjw idqw pr dUjy pwsy nwdr Swh nUM ^q Byj ky
id`lI s`d ilAw[65 nwdr Swh ny id`lI nUM burI qrHW lu`t ilAw[66 kuJ idnW dI lu`t-
Ksut qoN bwAd muhMmd Swh ny nwdr Swh nwl smJOqw krky ausnUM mwr DwV krn qoN
63
“^wn bhwdur iek`lw rwvI kMFy nwdr Swh nwl lVn vwsqy AwieAw[ 11 jnvrI 1739 eI. nUM pihlI muT-ByV ivc ^wn bhwdr hwr igAw[ auhny nwdr dI eIn mMn leI, qy auhdy vloN lwhOr dw sUbydwr QwipAw igAw[ ….auh 26 jnvrI nUM lwhOroN quirAw[” -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 70-71.
64 ieh lVweI krnwl dy sQwn ’qy 1739 eI. nUM hoeI sI[
65 mhMmd swih mwqbir smJq kInI bwq jwnIey soeI] lwl jvwhir mwxk moqI hIirE Qwl Brq ivD moeI] lyq gulwm nPir sMg swry mnsbdwir kCk hY joeI] nIvy suK kir hoq srimMdy mhMmd swih ky pws loeI]8] pIr pYkMbir syvq mn mY rwKo lwj Awj sB AweI] siKAwvq Ab hoq dwihny dyKq nwjr swih iqKweI] bfy mrwqb jwky AMg sMg so AwieE cl ky idRstweI] Awdir shq qKq mY ruc isE jwnq qw pir dIE bYTweI]9] rwg rMg Aq krq qmwsy kql mwP hovq hY soaU] hoxI sI jo bIq geI hY Ab kuswlI pwvq doaU] dyKn lgy inrq jb rlky nwjr swih dyq Kq auaU] injwml mulK shwdq Kw kI sniq ilKI dyq sBoaU] -tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 470.
not : tyk isMG ny aukq pMkqIAW ivc muhMmd Swh Aqy nwdr Swh dI mulwkwq dw hwl ilKidAW, nwdr Swh duAwrw muhMmd Swh nUM ausdy Zdwr jrnYlW duAwrw ilKy ^q ivKwaux dw jo izkr kIqw hY, aus dI puStI mhuMmd lwqI& dy ies hvwly qoN huMdw hY, “Muhammad Shah alighted from his travelling
throne, embraced the prince and seated him by side, When the party reached the royai tent, Nadir Shah received the emperor at the door. Both their majesties embraced each other, and holding one anther by the hand, they entered the audience tent, where they sat down together on the same masnad. A repast was prepared, and a waiter having first offered coffee to Nadir Shah, the latter, with his own hands, courteously offered it to Muhammad Shah, saying : ‘Since your majesty has done me honour of coming here, we are brothers, and may you remain happy in the empire of Hindostan’.” -Muhammad Latif, History of
Punjab, Calcutta-1891, p. 203. 66
ies hmly dOrwn nwdr Swh ny muhMmd Swh dIAW DIAW qk dI iezq lutI Aqy idlI ivcoN 32 kRoV rupeIAw (ijs ivc 7 kRoV ds l`K dw q^iq qwaUs), iek joVI lwlW dI ijsdy cwnxy ivc muhMmd Swh kurwn pVHdw huMdw sI, SYhnkUr m`CI, AYn cYn dI mwlw, gulwbI hIrw, AMfy dy Awkwr dy do moqI, koihnUr hIrw, do dirAweI GoVy, sonW, cWdI Awid luty sn[ -igAwnI igAwn isMG, auhI, (Put not), pMnw 70.
202
rok idqw[ muhMmd Swh koloN bhuq swrw nzrwnw lY ky nwdr Swh lwhOr v`l vwips
eI.) igAw[69 ies Gtnw qoN bwAd isMGW dy hOsly Agy nwloN vD gey Aqy hr QW
67
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 469(A)-471(a). not : ies hmly dOrwn isMGW ny idlI qoN vwips prq rhy nwdr Swh nUM luitAw sI Aqy bMdI bxweIAW
AOrqW vI CufvweIAW sn[ ies kImqI q`Q bwry tyk isMG ny koeI sUcnw nhIN idqI[ 68
lUx hrwm krq hY swry dIE iKqwb muswl Prwvq] bIqI rwq dhU kau iPrqY lK lwnq hir QweI pwvq] rUeI swih hoq muK aunkw swry jg mY Apjs lwvq] bdI pot mY dono qb hI mqw mrn kw hI kr jwvq]1] shwdq Kwn jhir kw kwsw pIvq vwky AwKy hY] vhu inlj pIvq imsrI kw qw ky AgR pRwn rwKy hY] vhu mUAw Xh jIvq bicE lwnq qbK sB BwKy hY] ijm ikm smw gujwrq jV hI bIqq AvD rokq nwKy hY]2] -auhI-, p`qrw 470(A).
69 -auhI-, p`qrw 477(A).
“AlI-aud-dIn Anuswr jspq rwey nUM KoKrW dy sQwn qy ^br imlI ik is`K goNdlWvwlw qoN ByfW dw iek ie`jV h`k ky lY gey sn Aqy auh gurduAwry dy lwgy aunHW nUM Kw rhy sn[ dUjy pwsy rqn isMG BMgU Anuswr is`KW ny jspq rwey nUM iek ic`TI ilKI Aqy aus qoN AwigAw mMgI qW jo auh aus dy Sihr ivcoN rsd KrId skx[ grm suBw dy &Ojdwr ny jvwb ivc aunHW nUM hukm idqw ik auh auQoN qurMq cly jwx nhIN qW aus nUM Awp aunHW nUM auQoN k`Fxw pvygw[ is`KW ny bynqI kIqI ik auh keI idnW qoN Bu`Ky hn Aqy auh Bojn krn leI isr& iek rwq hI auQy rihxgy Aqy iPr auQoN cly jwxgy[ jspq rwey ny is`KW dI iek g`l nw suxI Aqy AwpxI &Oj lY ky aunHW aupr tu`t ipAw[ is`KW ny hmly dw mukwblw kIqw Aqy lVweI dy dOrwn inBO isMG nwm dw iek rMGrytw is`K jspq rwey dy hwQI aupr cVH igAw Aqy ausdw isr v`F id`qw[ ies nwl muZlW dI &Oj ivc iek dm BgdV mc geI Aqy mYdwn Kwlsy dy h`Q irhw[” -fw. gMfw isMG, auhI, pMnw 127.
203
nwnkSwhI JMfy Julwaux dw ivcwr aunHW dy mnW ivc pRbl ho igAw[ dUjy pwsy Brw dy
mrn auprMq lKpiq rwey ny isMGW dw ^wqmw krn dI ihMf PV leI[ auh kihMdw sI
ik ieh pMQ iek KqRI ny bxwieAw hY Aqy mYN KqRI hI ies nUM ^qm krWgw ‘pMQ
bnwieE eyk Kqryty hau hI dUr krn kau AwieE’[70 tyk isMG ny lKpiq rwey duAwrw
kIqy isMGW dy nukswn dw ^ws vrxn nhIN kIqw, isr& isMGW dy iCp ky rihx dI hI
g`l kIqI hY, jdoN ik ies smyN ausny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW poQIAW nUM vfI igxqI
ivc Agn Byt kIqw sI Aqy drbwr swihb dy srovr nUM vI imtI pw ky pUr idqw
sI[71 ieh ieiqhwsk Gtnw jUn, 1746 eI. ivc vwprI sI, ijs nUM is`K jgq ivc
hoq soeI iviKAwq pMQ mY jwq pwiq kul hIn jwinE] Awgy hoq bhy hir Taury gurisK soeI rhq mY mwinE] gur smwn pUjw hir QweI krq jhwn swc pihcwinE] ieMdRI jIq jp qp mY rwqy Aq BjnIk soaU irD AwinE]6] -auhI-, p`qrw 479(a).
92 -auhI-, p`qrw 478(a).
93 -auhI-, p`qrw 478(A).
not : jMifAwly aupr isMGW dy hmly vwry sohx isMG sIql ilKdw hY, “22 AkqUbr 1761 eI. nUM idvwlI sI[ swrw pMQ AMimRqsr iek`Tw hoieAw[ Akwl q^q gurmqw pws kIqw igAw ik lwhOr auqy kbzw kIqw jwvy qy jMifAwlIey Awkldws nUM sjw idqI jwvy[ ....Awkldws jMifAwlIAw muslm srkwr dw v`fw cuZl qy is`KW dw vYrI sI[ aus ny keI Drmwqmw is`K PVwey qy kql krwey sn[ lwhOroN htky is`KW ny jMifAwly nUM Aw Gyrw pwieAw[ Awkl dws dw swrw ielwkw lu`t ilAw[ ieh Gtnw 1762 eI. dI hY[ Awkl dws ny Aihmd Swh AbdwlI kol mdd vwsqy ArzI ilK ByjI[” (sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 175-76.) pr fw. gMfw isMG ilKdy hn ik Aihmd Swh AbdwlI pihlW hI Aw irhw sI, ijsnUM Awkl dws rohqws dy AsQwn ’qy imilAw[ (fw. gMfw isMG, is`K ieiqhws, pMnw 160.)
94 qw mY qum hm eyk sm Dir hY qjo ivruD lyhu njrwnw] AglI ipClI Cwfo isdq rwK lyhu AsQwn suKwnw] mwnq nwih isMG mdmwqy Apnw qyj chq pRgtwnw] Awgw pICw soDy nwhI mwirq ssqR hI kir qwnw]9] Bey qMg jMfAwly my vhu kIno hY pwDI iCn moeI] hsvwir swnxI kir kY toirE kwbl mY torq hY soeI] phco dhu chU idnw mY qau AwvY mugl durwnI koeI] Awmd swih AwvY jb eIhw qau piqswhI kwiem hoeI] -tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 479(A).
isMG ny lVn dw hT kIqw[ isMG Awpo-Awpxy GoVy lY ky vK-vK idSwvW ivc iKMf-
puMf gey[ Aihmd Swh AbdwlI Aqy zYn ^W97 ny isMGW dy kql dw hukm dy idqw[
ies hwlwq nUM vyK ky isMG mwlvy ivc Aw gey[ isMGW dw ipCw krdy auh vI mwlvy v`l
vDy qy isMGW nUM kql krn lg pey[ isMGW dI hoNd nUM imtwaux leI kIqy mwrU hmly
ivc JwVW qk vI ruMf-muMf kr idqIAW[ ies Gtnw nUM is`K ieiqhws ivc vfy
G`lUGwry dy nwm nwl jwixAw jWdw hY,98 ijs nUM tyk isMG ny ies qrHW ibAwn kIqw hY-
jYn Kwn topI joaU dyKY hukm dIE kql kw sunIey]jYn Kwn topI joaU dyKY hukm dIE kql kw sunIey]jYn Kwn topI joaU dyKY hukm dIE kql kw sunIey]jYn Kwn topI joaU dyKY hukm dIE kql kw sunIey]
rhn nw pwvY isMG idso mY lKpiq rwie kI bwq bnIey]rhn nw pwvY isMG idso mY lKpiq rwie kI bwq bnIey]rhn nw pwvY isMG idso mY lKpiq rwie kI bwq bnIey]rhn nw pwvY isMG idso mY lKpiq rwie kI bwq bnIey]
Gyir lIey aun hir QY jweI Dsy mwGyir lIey aun hir QY jweI Dsy mwGyir lIey aun hir QY jweI Dsy mwGyir lIey aun hir QY jweI Dsy mwlvy mY pRn lIey]lvy mY pRn lIey]lvy mY pRn lIey]lvy mY pRn lIey]
krq kqlwm jwie kir jb hI JwiV JwiV mY ruMf muMf kIey]4]krq kqlwm jwie kir jb hI JwiV JwiV mY ruMf muMf kIey]4]krq kqlwm jwie kir jb hI JwiV JwiV mY ruMf muMf kIey]4]krq kqlwm jwie kir jb hI JwiV JwiV mY ruMf muMf kIey]4]
loQn aUpr loQ inhwirq Taur Taur mY soRxq pirE]loQn aUpr loQ inhwirq Taur Taur mY soRxq pirE]loQn aUpr loQ inhwirq Taur Taur mY soRxq pirE]loQn aUpr loQ inhwirq Taur Taur mY soRxq pirE]
rMg BUm mY dyK kwlkw nwcqy rudR pyt Aq BirE]rMg BUm mY dyK kwlkw nwcqy rudR pyt Aq BirE]rMg BUm mY dyK kwlkw nwcqy rudR pyt Aq BirE]rMg BUm mY dyK kwlkw nwcqy rudR pyt Aq BirE]
lyq inAwml svw lwK mY kto isMG soaU nYk n AirE]lyq inAwml svw lwK mY kto isMG soaU nYk n AirE]lyq inAwml svw lwK mY kto isMG soaU nYk n AirE]lyq inAwml svw lwK mY kto isMG soaU nYk n AirE]
96
tyk isMG ny jo srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy bwdSwh vwly ruqby dI g`l ilKI hY, auh ieiqhws dI ies Gtnw v`l sMkyq krdI hY ik lwhOr Sihr aupr kbzw (1761 eI.) krky isMGW ny s. j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM bwdSwh bxwieAw sI[ lwhOr qy kbzw krn qoN bwAd aus ny cWdI dw iskw vI clwieAw ijs aupr iliKAw hoieAw sI-
is`kw zd dr jhW b&zl Akwl[ mulk Aihmd igR&q j`sw klwl[ -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 175-76.
97 “mwrc 1761 eI. ivc durwnI ny ies nUM srhMd dw sUbydwr bxwieAw[ ies ny is`KW nUM ^qm krn dI qkVI muihMm clweI Aqy 5 PrvrI 1762 eI. ivc kup-rhIVw dy mukwm auqy hoey v`fy G`lUGwry ivc ies ny vD-cVH ky ihsw ilAw[” -rqn isMG j`gI, is`K pMQ ivSvkoS, gur rqn pblIsrz, pitAwlw-2005. pMnw 845.
98 “aunHW dy brnwly pujx qoN pihlW hI A&gwnW ny aus Gyry nUM qoV idqw jo isKW ny AwpxIAW AOrqW Aqy bicAW duAwly pwieAw hoieAw sI Aqy ies qrHW isKW dw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw[ ies lVweI ivc Gt qoN Gt Anumwn Anuswr vI lgpg 10,000 bMdy mwry gey dsy jWdy hn[ ies frwauxy kqlyAwm nUM, jo 5 PrvrI 1762 nUM hoieAw, isK ieiqhws ivc vfw GlUGwrw jW dUjw mhwn GlUGwrw ikhw jWdw hY[” -fw. gMfw isMG, auhI, pMnw 161.
210
GlUGwrw suin ky Klkq rMudn krq nih Gir BirEGlUGwrw suin ky Klkq rMudn krq nih Gir BirEGlUGwrw suin ky Klkq rMudn krq nih Gir BirEGlUGwrw suin ky Klkq rMudn krq nih Gir BirE]5]]5]]5]]5]99
ies G`lUGwry ny ihMdU lokW dy mn ivc AbdwlI dw fr pYdw kr idqw[ ies
sQwn hY jo ienHW ivc SkqI qy krwmwq Brdw hY[102 ieh sux ky Aihmd Swh AbdwlI
ny hirmMdr swihb dI iemwrq nUM brUd nwl aufwaux dw hukm dy idqw[ AbdwlI dIAW
99
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 480(a). 100
G`lUGwry qoN bwAd isMGW ny AbdwlI aupr hmlw nhIN kIqw sI[ tyk isMG ny j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy nvwb kpUr isMG duAwrw AbdwlI dI &Oj nUM lutx-mwrn dw jo izkr kIqw hY, auh iksy hor ieiqhwsk sRoq qoN puSt nhIN huMdw[ Asl ivc isMGW ny AbdwlI nUM lu`tx dw kMm hirmMdr swihb dI byAdbI qoN bwAd kIqw sI[
101 -auhI-, p`qrw 480(a).
102 itMfw sunihrw Anwj purwnw AimRq kr kir jwno Kwvq] rupy swQ ipAwir krq hY sovq Ql mY soeI jwvq] AMimRqsr mY kry vsyrw kir prqIq sunwvq hY] swD PkIr gurU kI jwgw pUjq syv krwvq hY]6] jwhir krwmwiq soeI hY khqy njr bwj gun pwieE] -auhI-, p`qrw 480(A).
211
&OjW ny brUd nwl drbwr swihb nUM Fih-FyrI kr ky imtI ivc imlw idqw[ is`KW nUM
ies sQwn qoN dUr r`Kx leI &OjW dw s^q pihrw lgwieAw igAw[103 AbdwlI dIAW
&OjW dy s^q pihry dy bwvzUd vI BMgI imsl dy isMGW ny AMimRqsr srovr ivc
110 Awdmswih susq kwbl mY kIVy mgjo mY duK FoeI] krI AvigAw hY Aq BwrI AMimRqsr FwihE hY joeI]1] gur nwnk AMgd Amrdws rl rwmdws Arjn qp kIE] hir goibMd hir rwie gurU qb hir ikRsn kau Pl pRB dIE] qyg bhwdir kI kTnweI qw kw gun jwhir kir lIE] (bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)
213
bixAw[ tyk isMG ny Aihmd Swh AbdwlI duAwrw 22 swl rwj krn dw jo aulyK
TIk hY pr mwrn dw nhIN ikauNik 1788 eI. ivc Zulwm kwdr ruhyly ny Swh Awlm nUM
AMnHw qW zrUr kr idqw sI, pr mwirAw nhIN sI Aqy nw hI ausdI QW koeI nvW
(ipCly pMny dw bwkI) jg hom goibMd isMG kw hY tyk hry hir Amrsr jIE]2] qw pir skqI kInI jb hY pIr PkIr shwie nhI kir hY] Klkq krI vYrwn pMjwbI Kwlk suniq pukwir bhu vir hY] ikRmo swQ pwpI jb mUAw puqR kpuqR mn mwhI Dr hY] ….. clIhw kIno pUrn jb hI bweI vrK Awmd shw qhIAY] kir piqswhI mUAw jwno pwCy qbUr swih iqs QhIAY]5] -auhI-, p`qrw 482(A).
not : Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dI mOq ikrm pY ky hoeI sI, ies g`l nUM hor is`K ieiqhwskwr vI mMndy hn[ fw. gMfw isMG AwpxI ikqwb is`K ieiqhws ivc rqn isMG BMgU Aqy &wrsI ilKqW dy hvwly nwl AbdwlI dI mOq bwry ilKdw hY, “ikhw jWdw hY ik jdoN ieh iemwrqW (hirmMdr swihb) aufweIAW jw rhIAW sn qW iek aufdw hoieAw roVw Aihmd Swh dy n`k aupr v`jw Aqy auQy Aijhw z^m ho igAw jo kdy rwzI nw ho sikAw[” -fw. gMfw isMG, auhI, pMnw 162-63.
111 Aihmd Swh AbdwlI 1747 eI. ivc bwdSwh bixAw sI Aqy ausdI mOq 14 ApRYl sMn 1772 nUM hoeI sI, ijs Anuswr auh 25 swl q^q auqy irhw jdoN ik tyk isMG ZlqI nwl ausdy 22 swl bwdSwh bxy rihx dI g`l krdw hY[ hW, ieh g`l zrUr hY ik Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ny 1747 eI. qoN lY ky 1769 eI. qk Bwrq auqy 11 hmly kIqy sn, ijnHW dw smW 22 swl bxdw hY[ -Hari Ram Gupta, History of the
Sikhs, Vol-4, U. C. Kapur & Sons, New Delhi-1973, p. 400. 112
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 484-483(A). 113
-auhI-, p`qrw 486(A)
214
bwdSwh bixAw sI, sgoN auh hI 1806 eIN qk id`lI dw bwdSwh irhw sI[114 dUjy pwsy
isMGW ny pMjwb dy bhuq swry ielwikAW dy lokW nUM Awpxy AiDkwr Kyqr ivc Swiml
kr ilAw[ ienHW dI rwKI dI izmyvwrI vI aunHW ny Awpxy isr lY leI[ vfI igxqI
ivc lok KMfy dI pwhul lY ky isMG sj gey[ ijs ny vI isMGW dI SkqI nUM vMgwr pweI
aus nUM lut ilAw igAw[ isMGW ivc rwjnIiqk SkqI leI ieMnw ipAwr pYdw hoieAw
ik hny-hny mIrI pYdw ho geI[ ies smyN BMgI imsl sB qoN SkqISwlI sI[ BMgI imsl
dy isMG BMg pINdy sn Aqy lVn ivc infr sn[ ienHW dw muK itkwxw AMimRqsr
Bytw cVweI[ sBnw ny drbwr swihb dI muV-auswrI krn dw ivcwr bxwieAw[
drbwr swihb dI muV nINh r`KI geI[116 srovr dI syvw qoN bwAd QoVHy smyN ivc hI
hirmMdr swihb bx ky iqAwr ho igAw, ijs ivc sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS kIqw
igAw[ drbwr swihb dy swhmxy Akwl q^q swihb dI vI muV auswrI kIqI geI Aqy
kuJ mkwn (buMgy) vI rihx leI bxwey gey[117 AMimRqsr dI is`KW leI mhqqw dw
114
J. D. Cunningham, History of the Sikhs, Londan-1849, p 129. ; kwnH isMG nwBw, auhI, vyKo- muslmwnW dw Bwrq iv`c rwj : 45.
115 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 484(A).
116 -auhI-, p`qrw 484(A).
-“4 nvMbr 1763 eI. nUM idvwlI dw iqauhwr sI[ ies idn srbq Kwlsw hirmMdr swihb ivKy iekqR hoieAw sI Aqy hirmMdr swihb dI nINh r`Kx dI slwh kIqI geI sI[ iesqoN bwAd swry pMQ ny Ardwsw krky 17 nvMbr 1763 eI. nUM hirmMdr swihb dI nINh r`KI sI[ nvwb kpUr isMG ny iet r`KI sI Aqy s. j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny cUnw pwieAw sI[ swry is`K srdwrW ny hirmMdr swihb vwsqy XQw Skq Bytw cVHweI[ -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 216.
117 juhir krwmwq jo psrI hirmMdir bnqw hY aueI] nIv DrI Aq BwrI qw mY cwir qrP jl jwmY hoeI]4] Aq auqm AsQwn bnwieE bIc srovir kY so lhIAY] prdKnw kI jwgw hir QY rwKI sMqo bhu gun ghIAY] surg duAwrIAw pul ky mwhI drsnI dirvwjw hI iqh phIAY] JMfw buMgw Awgy qw ky naubq kw AsQwn lKhIAY]5] (bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)
215
izkr kridAW tyk isMG ilKdw hY ik jykr iksy sQwn nUM ds gurUAW dw auqm sQwn
kihxw hovy qW auh AMimRqsr hY ikauNik eyQy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS hY, eyQy
ieSnwn krn nwl piqq punIq qy SsqR PV ky rx BUmI dw Amr XoDw bx jWdw hY,
jMmU dy rwjy rxjIq dyv qy ausdy puqr ibRjrwj dyv ivckwr JgVw ho igAw Aqy aunHW
ny Awpo-AwpxI mdd leI is`K srdwrW nUM bulw ilAw[ rxjIq dyv dy pwsy srdwr
JMfw isMG qy ibRjrwj dyv vwly pwsy cVHq isMG qy jY isMG knHeIAw mdd leI ft
gey[123 tyk isMG Anuswr JMfw isMG BMgI ny srdwr cVHq isMG SukRc`keIey qoN vYr lYx
leI Aqy mwieAw dy lwlc kwrn ieh lVweI lVI ijs ivc ausdI mOq ho geI Aqy
cVHq isMG vI ausdI AwpxI bMdUk dI pwiep Ptx nwl mwirAw igAw[124 JMfw isMG
121
-auhI-, p`qrw 486(a). 122
-auhI-, p`qrw 487. 123
sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 30-31.. 124
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 487(A). -ies lVweI dI ivsqirq jwxkwrI idMdy hoey fw. Bgq isMG ilKdw hY, “In 1770, Ranjit Deo (Dev) of
jammu, a tributary of Jhanda Singh Bhangi, quarrely with his eldest son, Brij Raj Deo, whom he wanted to excude from the succession in preference to his younger son, Dalel Singh. Brij Raj Deo called to his assistance Jai Singh and Haqiqat Singh Kanaihya and Charhat Singh Sukarchakia. Raja Ranjit Deo called Jhanda Singh Bhangi and some hill chiefs including those of Chamba, Kangra and Nurpur. The rival forces fought occasionally for six months near Jammu without any conclusive results. Charhat Singh died from the
(bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)
217
dI mOq qoN bwAd smUh pMQ ny gMfw isMG BMgI nUM BMgI imsl dw srdwr bxw idqw Aqy
cVHq isMG dI QW ausdy puqr mhW isMG nUM[ AwpsI ivroD nUM ^qm krn leI pMQ ny mhW
isMG125 nUM gMfw isMG kol pyS kIqw Aqy ikhw ik ieh bwlk hY, ies nUM muAw& kr dy Aqy
Agy leI dovyN AwpsI vYr Bwv dUr kr lvo[ gMfw isMG BMgI ny Kwlsy nUM ikhw ik mYN
kyswDwrI isMGW nUM gurU smwn smJdw hW ies leI aunHW dw hukm mYN ikvyN moV skdw hW[126
1782 eI. dI iek ieiqhwsk Gtnw Anuswr srdwr nMd isMG BMgI dI mOq qoN
bwAd ausdI ivDvw ny AwpxI lVkI dw ivAwh srdwr hkIkq isMG knHeIAw dy Brw
nwl kIqw qW pTwnkot ausnUM jwgIr vjoN dy idqw sI[ ijs bwry tyk isMG ilKdw hY ik
Awpxw ielwkw muV hwisl krn leI gMfw isMG BMgI ny Awpxy Brw cVHq isMG nUM
ivc mwirAw igAw[127 BMgI hwr mMn ky vwips AMimRqsr Aw gey Aqy dysU isMG nUM
BMgI imsl dw nvW (1783 eI.) srdwr cuixAw igAw[128
BMgI imsl dI SkqI aus smyN hor KMifq ho geI jdoN gurb^S isMG BMgI dI
mOq ho jwx kwrn aus duAwrw m`ilAw swrw ielwkw ^uAwr ho igAw, ijs dw muK kwrn
guzr isMG BMgI sI[ auh socdw sI ik ikqy lihxw isMG ieklw hI swry ielwky dw
(ipCly pMny dw bwkI) bursting of his gun. The Bhangis found the new situation advantageous. The Kanaihya chiefs, then, decided to assassinate Jhanda Singh Bhangi. They brided a Mazhabi Sikh who shot him dead as he was riding in the evening, attended by only three horsemen, through the
camp, to see some Sardars.” -Dr. Bhagat Singh, Ibid, p. 156.
not : hrI rwm gupqw, Kzwn isMG qy igAwnI sohx isMG sIql ny ies Gtnw dw smW 1774 eI. idqw hY[ 125
cVHq isMG dI mOq 1770 eI. ivc hoeI, jdoN mhW isMG (jnm 1760 eI.) dI aumr ds swl sI[ -Dr.
Bhagat Singh, Ibid, p. 186. 126
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 487(A)-488(a) 127
-auhI-, p`qrw 488(a) 128
-auhI-, p`qrw 490(A)
218
mwlk nw bx jwvy, ies leI ausny roVWvwlw aus leI C`f ky bwkI swrw ielwkw Awpxy
krn leI mhW isMG nUM iek lVweI vI lVnI peI, ijs ivc ktoc dy rwjy sMswr cMd
qoN ielwvw j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny vI jY isMG knHeIey151 dy iKlw& ausdw swQ idqw[
ies lVweI ivc jY isMG ny Awpxy puqr gurb^S isMG nUM ByijAw[ iesny Awpxw fyrw
btwly lwieAw Aqy mhW isMG swQIAW smyq mwCwxIey Aw bYTw[ (1785 eI. ivc Acl
145
sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 51. 146
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 488. 147
Hari Ram Gupta, Ibid, p. 309. ; Dr. Bhagat Singh, Ibid, p. 189.; sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 50-51. 148
Harbans Singh (Ed.), Ibid. IV, p. 194. 149
sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 51. 150
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 495(A). 151
iesqoN pihlW ktoc dy rwjy sMswr cMd ny jo ik pihlW hI is`KW dI eIn mMndw sI, kWgVy dy iklHy aupr kbzw krn leI, kWgVy dy &Ojdwr sY& AlI iKlwP jY isMG knHeIey qoN mdd mMgI sI[ jY isMG dy kihx auqy ausdy puqr gurb^S isMG Aqy s. bGyl isMG kroVwisMGIey ny 1782 eI. ivc iklHy nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI jo iek swl irhw[ 1783 eI. ivc sY& AlI mr igAw Aqy sMswr cMd ny is`KW qoN corI ausdy nOkrW nwl sulHw kr leI[ auDr sY& AlI dy puqr jIvn ^W ny is`KW nwl sulHw kr leI, ijs kwrn iklHy aupr knHeIAW dw kbzw ho igAw sI[ -Hari Ram Gupta, Ibid, p. 259-61. ; Dr. Bhagat Singh, Ibid, p.
sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 31. not : Bgq isMG Aqy hrI rwm gupqw ny mhW isMG dI mOq dw swl 1790 eI. idqw hY[ 158
qYmUr Swh 18 meI 1793 eI. ivc mirAw sI[ -Hari Ram Gupta, Ibid, Vol-4, p 453. 159
pihly hmly smyN (15 dsMbr 1793 eI.) auh dirAw Atk qoN hI vwips clw igAw sI Aqy dUjy hmly smyN (3 nvMbr 1795 eI.) auh hsn Abdwl qk phuMicAw, pr iksy vfI lVweI qoN ibnw hI (1 jnvrI 1786 eI.) vwips prq igAw sI[
160 ieh Swh zmwn dw qIjw hmlw sI jo nvMbr 1796 eI. ivc kIqw igAw sI[ -Ibid-, p 469.
161 ieh BMgI imsl dy sn jo Swh zmwn dy hmly qoN pihlW lwhOr dy hwkm sn[
162 “Lehna Singh had already permitted most of the residents of Lahore and Shahadara to retire to any place of safety. At this time he sent for the Muslim leaders of note and offered them to take charge of city.” -Hari Ram Gupta, Ibid, Vol-4, p 453.
163 lwhOr auqy kbzw iek jnvrI 1797 eI. nUM kIqw igAw sI[ -Ibid-, p. 472.
164 soBw isMG (jY isMG knHeIey dw BqIjw) 1797 eI. ivc mirAw sI[ -Dr. Bhagat Singh, Ibid, p. 106.
165 ieh imsl-kwl dw iek auGw srdwr sI jo 1804 eI. ivc mirAw[
166 ieh guzr isMG dw lVkw sI[
224
isMG167 ny vI lVweI dw ivcwr C`f ky Swh zmwn qoN dUr rihxw hI TIk smiJAw,
“sMmq 1862 mGru dI 22 bvIvI mMglvwr mrhtw jsuvMqrw AMimRqusr mo AwieAw[ pwCy pwCy iPrMgI BI mrhty ky lgw AwieAw[ so BI AMimRqsru jI Awn phuqw[ Pyr mrhty nwl pgu vtweI rxjIq isMG ky imqR bxy AMimRqusru jI mo[ rlu ky culy lIqy Awps bIc shu krI[ jo ieku dUey sy DRoh Clu n krnw[” rwm isMG, gurmuKI idn p`qRI, hQiliKq nM. S.H.R. 1796, Kwlsw kwlj, AMimRqsr, pMnw 2.
232
ivckwr 24 dsMbr, 1805 eI. nUM imqRwcwrI dy Aihdnwmy duAwrw sulHw krwaux nwl
hoieAw sI[196
kWgVy dy iklHy aupr sMswr cMd dw kbzw sI[ aus koloN kWgVw qy bweIDwrW
ij`qx leI goriKAW197 ny hmlw kIqw[ ies muihMm dOrwn aunHW ny kWgVy nUM Gyrw pw
ilAw[ sMswr cMd nUM Awpxy aupr bhuq mwx sI[ aus ny goriKAW dw mukwblw bVI
dlyrI nwl kIqw pr goriKAW dI SkqI Agy ausdw hMkwr jldI hI tut igAw[ ausny
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM mdd leI bulwieAw[ ausny sdw leI rxjIq isMG dI eIn
mMnx dw Aqy mdd dy bdly ivc kWgVw dyxw dw, vwAdw vI kIqw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG sMswr cMd dI mdd leI Kwlsw &Oj lY ky ciVHAw[ pihlW kWgVw hwsl kIqw Aqy
Pyr goriKAW nwl lVweI lVI, ijs ivc gorKy hwr ky dOV gey[ isMGW dI &qih dy
jYkwry hr cotI aupr gMUjy[198
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI SkqI vDx nwl bwkI irAwsqW dy srdwrW nUM aus qoN
^qrw mihsUs hox ligAw[ pitAwlw irAwsq ny AwpxI rwKI leI i&rMgIAW nUM bulw
ilAw[ ijnHW ny sqluj dirAw dy iknwry auqy Aw ky AwpxI CwauxI bxw leI[ mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG ny vI sqluj dirAw dy dUjy pwsy AwpxIAW &OjW qwienwq kr idqIAW[
kIqI jwvygI[ tyk isMG Anuswr ies gurmqy qoN bwAd Ardws vI kIqI geI[202
199
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 502(A). 200
Runjeet Singh must still, nevertheless, withdraw his troops to the right bank of the Sutlej, his last usurpations must also be restored, but the restitution of his first conquests would not be insisted on; while, to re-move all cause of suspicion, the detachment under Sir David Ochterloney could fall back from Loodiana to Kurnal, arid take up its permanent position at the latter place. -J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p 148. ; ies sMDI dI ivsiqRq jwxkwrI kinMGm ny AwpxI iesy rcnw dI ‘AMiqkw 9’ ivc idqI hY[
201 J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p 148. ; fw. Bgq isMG, auhI, pMnw 57.
202 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 513(A, e).
234
1809 eI. ivc hoeI sMDI dy AwDwr ’qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy AMZryzW dy
1810, 1816, 1817 Aqy 1818 eI. dIAW sn[ sqvIN muihMm qoN bwAd mulqwn nUM is`K rwj ivc imlw ilAw igAw sI[ -fw. Bgq isMG, auhI, pMnw 32-34.
236
ij`q ky Kwlsw &OjW lwhOr vwips AweIAW[210 mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jo ies muihMm ’qy
Awp nhIN igAw sI nUM jdoN Sihr lutx dw pqw lgw qW auh bhuq inrwS hoieAw Aqy
ausny Awpxy puqr KVk isMG nUM puiCAw ik myry hukm ibnw jnqw nUM ikauN luitAw hY?
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny mulqwn dy lokW leI Awtw, dwxw, iGE, qyl, guV, KMf Awid
qoN ielwvw kuJ mwieAw vI ByjI-
hukm bwJ ikE lUtI reIAq gunwihvMd kumydwn kIE hY]hukm bwJ ikE lUtI reIAq gunwihvMd kumydwn kIE hY]hukm bwJ ikE lUtI reIAq gunwihvMd kumydwn kIE hY]hukm bwJ ikE lUtI reIAq gunwihvMd kumydwn kIE hY]
kr jmeIAq hukm TihirE bwDq nIq jwn Ab jIE hY[24830[kr jmeIAq hukm TihirE bwDq nIq jwn Ab jIE hY[24830[kr jmeIAq hukm TihirE bwDq nIq jwn Ab jIE hY[24830[kr jmeIAq hukm TihirE bwDq nIq jwn Ab jIE hY[24830[
slqslqslqslq deI bYTwie qurq hI dY dY AwigAw jmU pTweI]deI bYTwie qurq hI dY dY AwigAw jmU pTweI]deI bYTwie qurq hI dY dY AwigAw jmU pTweI]deI bYTwie qurq hI dY dY AwigAw jmU pTweI]
Awp Krc lY Byjn lwgw pul bMDwie Dn kI bhu dweI]Awp Krc lY Byjn lwgw pul bMDwie Dn kI bhu dweI]Awp Krc lY Byjn lwgw pul bMDwie Dn kI bhu dweI]Awp Krc lY Byjn lwgw pul bMDwie Dn kI bhu dweI]
Aaur sMpiq Byjy inq ipRq jUJq isMG kir kY Aq DweI[1[Aaur sMpiq Byjy inq ipRq jUJq isMG kir kY Aq DweI[1[Aaur sMpiq Byjy inq ipRq jUJq isMG kir kY Aq DweI[1[Aaur sMpiq Byjy inq ipRq jUJq isMG kir kY Aq DweI[1[211
jugwid scu ] hY BI scu nwnk hosI BI scu ] sRI mhwrwj gurU swihb jI ny Awpxy prm syvk is`K jwxkwr sRI drbwr swihb jI kI syvw sRI mhwrwjw isMG swihb rxjIq isMG jI pr dXw krky krweI[ sMmq 1887 ib:[
isMG,221 krm isMG222 Aqy grBw isMG223 qoN ielwvw AnykW isMG ShId ho gey[224
ies lVweI ivc Kwlsw &OjW ny muslmwn sYinkW nUM dwixAW vWg BuMn suitAw[ srkwr
(mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) dy kihx auqy isMGW ny muhMmd AzIm ^W dIAW &OjW nUM Gyrw pw
ky AYsw KMfw vwihAw ik mYdwn Aqy ndI lwSW nwl Br geI[ AMq swry gwzI mYdwn Cf
ky dOV gey[ isMGW ny swrw ielwkw Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw Aqy gwzIAW dy fyirAW
nUM lut ilAw[225 ieh ieiqhwsk Gtnw sMn 1823 eI. ivc vwprI sI[ ies lVweI dw
hwl qW ieiqhwsk hY pr kwbl dy vzIr &qih ^W nUM Swh mihmUd duAwrw mwrn dI
g`l ivc aukweI hY[ &qih ^W dI mOq qW tyk isMG dy dsy Anuswr hI hoeI sI pr
ausnUM AMnw krky kql krn dw kMm Swh mihmUd dy puqr kwmrwn ny kIqw sI[226
aupr idqI Gtnw nUM smJx leI ieh jwx lYxw vI zrUrI hY ik A&gwnW v`loN kIqy
219 ies XuD ivc gurU goibMd isMG dy pRgt ho ky is`KW dw swQ dyx dI jo SrDk g`l tyk isMG vWg hI sRI gxyS dws ny ‘&qih nwmw gurU ^wlsw jI kw’ ivc kIqI hY, auh ilKdw hY- Awpx pMQ kI r`C kr, gurU goibMd isMG suxo suKdwie[ ibrd lwj pCwx irdy, isMG Awqr jwx ikRpwl hoie Awie[ sohy qurMg su nyzw ly hwQ, jo qurkW nUM mwr ky byg Bjwey[ Awid AMq jau dyvn BIr prY, Dr ky AOqwr sdw hoie shwie[106[ -&qih nwmw gurU ^wlSw jI kw, pMnw 192.
224 ies lVweI ivc Kwlsw &Oj dy ShId Aqy PtV hox vwilAW dI igxqI 1240 sI[ -pRym isMG hoqI, auhI, pMnw 85. ; “There were upwards of 1,000 men kiled and wounded on the side of the Sikhs, and
amongst them four officers of distinction Phoola Singh Akalee, Gharba Singh and Karam Singh Chahal, two Jagirdars and Ballbhadar Singh Gurkhali.” –T. Prinsep Henry, Origin of the Sikh Power in the Punjab, Languages Department, Punjab-1970, p. 110.
sMn 1837 eI. ivc hoeI jmrOd dI ieiqhwsk lVweI bwry tyk isMG ilKdw hY
ik jdoN qurkW dy drw KYbr qk phuMcx dI ^br hrI isMG nlUey nUM imlI qW ausny ibnw
231
ies lVweI dOrwn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN mMgI mdd dw hwl kinMGm ny vI iliKAw hY, “The Jat
usurper of the Jumna asked his brother Jut of the Ravee to aid him ; but the Muharaja affected to discredit the mission, and so satisfied the British authorities without compromising himself with the master of a fortress which had successfully resisted the disciplined troops and the dreaded artillery of his neighbors.” -J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p 193-94.
232 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 510.
233 jykr ieiqhwsk nzrIey qoN vyKIey qW pqw lgdw hY ik ipSwvr auqy kIqy ies hmly dw jo kwrn tyk isMG ny idqw hY, auh Asl kwrn nhIN hY[ ies Gtnw dw Asl kwrn ieh sI ik 1829 eI. ivc s`Xd Aihmd Swh ny Xwr muhMmd ^W nUM hrw ky ipSwvr auqy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ jdoN ies g`l dw pqw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM lgw qW ausny kMvr Syr isMG Aqy jrnYl vYnqUrw nUM ipSwvr auqy muV kbzw krn dw hukm idqw sI[ -AmrnwQ, auhI, pMnw 172-73. ; fw. Bgq isMG, auhI, pMnw 46. ; sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 124.
234 ies lVweI ivc seIAd Aihmd Swh is`K &Oj qoN hwr ky ns igAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc Xwr muhMmd ^W dy Brw sulqwn muhMmd ^W ny is`K &OjW dI mdd kIqI sI[ sulqwn muhMmd ^W nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy hukm nwl ipSwvr dw gvrnr bxw idqw igAw sI[ -AmrnwQ, auhI, pMnw 172-73. ; fw. Bgq isMG, auhI, pMnw 46. ; sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 124.
235 ieh pRisD GoVw ‘lylI’ sulqwn muhMmd ^W ny ies lVweI qoN bwAd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM Sukrwny vjoN Byt kIqw sI Aqy ies nUM lwhOr jrnYl vYnqUrw lY ky AwieAw sI[
236 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 506(A)-507(a).
243
iksy dyrI dy qurkW aupr hmlw kr idqw[ qurkW nUM kmzor smJdy hoey hrI isMG nlUey
ny qwkq qoN vD mwx/joS nwl ieh hlw kIqw jo ausdw kmlwpn sI[237 ausny qurkW dI
&Oj nUM mYdwn ivcoN Bjx leI mzbUr kr idqw Aqy aunHW nUM AigEN Gyrw pw ky mwrnw SurU
kr idqw[ qurk &OjW ny Acwnk vwips muV ky hlw kr idqw[ aunHW duAwrw clweIAW
bMdUkW dI iek golI hrI isMG nlUey dy Aw lgI, ijs nwl auh ShId ho igAw[ mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG nUM jdoN lwhOr ivc nlUey dI mOq dw pqw lgw qW ausny bhuq A&sos kIqw
Aqy BwrI &Oj Byj ky ies lVweI nUM ijq ilAw[238 tyk isMG duAwrw vrixq ies lVweI
hrI isMG nlUey dy kmlypn dI jo g`l tyk isMG ny ilKI hY, auh n&rq kwrn nhIN sgoN nlUey dy pRym kwrn ilKI geI hY ikauNik ies lVweI ivc hrI isMG nlUAw s^q ibmwrI dI prvwh nw krdy hoey vI lVn leI clw igAw sI[
238 -auhI-, p`qrw 313(e, s).
239 J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p 224-25. ; Khazan Singh, History of the Sikh Religion, Language
241 AMimRqsr mY hY srkwr] inhcw suD kIE drbwr] CotI jwn vfI prdKnw] shir audwly iPrqo rKnw[11[ nMgI pYrI krqo fyrw] qn kly n pwvq Pyrw] lwv lskr kw AMq n AwvY] mulK Apnw bhuq vswvY[12[ jwdu md kr dIE pIlwie] rsnw rokI aun sB jwie] mrn mUl jm pwvq Gyrw] swsw qk rwKq nbyrw[13[ dwn puMn kirE bhu BwqI] lyq dyq jwnhu cau jwqI] Drm krm mY qjqy pRwn] rwKq prdw hY Bgvwn[14[ icKw swQ hI mwrqI nwir] eyk kbUqr mrqw swir] cMdn icKw mY dyq jrwie] Acrj mwnq sB iqs Qwie[15[ -tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 513(s).
“sMmq 1896 hwV idny vIrvwr[ hwV vdI eykm cwr GVI rhdy lhor mY pwqswh rxjIq isMG surgubwsI hUAw[ hjUrI bwg mY isskwr hoeI[ cwr rwnIAw swq golIAw sqI hoeIAw[ Pyr kbUqr kw joVw BI sMmn burj qUM auf kir icKw bldI bIcu Awn pVw[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 8.
242 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 513(s).
243 KVk isMG dy rwjw bxn bwry fw. POjw isMG Aqy sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy h`QIN ausnUM rwj-iqlk lwieAw sI[ pr iDAwn isMG fogrw cwhuMdw sI ik kMvr nOinhwl isMG nUM rwjw bxwieAw jwvy[ -Fauja Singh, Maharaja Kharak Singh, Punjabi University, Patiala-1977,
Introduction, p. 19. ; sohx isMG sIql, is`K rwj ikvyN igAw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, luiDAwxw-2003, pMnw 26. ; pr kinMGm ilKdw hY ik iDAwn isMG fogrw KVk isMG nUM hI rwjw bxwaux dy hk ivc sI, “The
army was assembled, and a litter, said to contain the dying Muharaja, was carried along the (bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)(bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)(bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)(bwkI Agly pMny ’qy)
245
poqirAW qoN ielwvw keI hor srdwrW Aqy vzIrW nUM vI Aws sI ik AsIN pMjwb ivc
jwvygw Aqy jnqw bwZI ho jwvygI[ swrw Anwj lok koiTAW ivc Br lYxgy[ hr pwsy
(ipCly pMny dw bwkI) extended line. Dhian Singh was assiduous in his mournful attentions; he seemed to take orders
as if from his departing sovereign, and from time to time, during the solemn procession, he made known that Runjeet Singh declared the Prince Khurruk Singh his successor, and himself, Dhian Singh, the vuzeer or minister of the kingdom.” -J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p. 236.
244 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 514(a).
245 “kMvr nO-inhwl isMG Cy idnW ivc lwhOr Aw pujw[ gulwb isMG ny rsqy ivc qy ipSwvr ivc kMvr nO-inhwl isMG nUM mnGVq g`lW sunw sunw ky ies qrHW ckrwieAw ik auh ivcwrw JUT s`c dI prK nw kr sikAw qy gulwb isMG dI p`tI ivc Aw ky mhwrwj KVk isMG dw duSmn bx bYTw[ lwhOr pujdy hI iDAwn isMG Aqy ausdy swQIAW pwsoN kMvr swihb nUM gulwb isMG dIAW g`lW dI gvwhI iml geI[” -krm isMG (sMpw.), PulvwVI, fogrw-grdI dy guJy Byq (lyK), fw. gMfw isMG, PulvwVI pRYs, AMimRqsr-poh, mwG, sMmq 1986, pMnw 225.
246 ieh dovyN ^q iDAwn isMG fogry ny jwhlI bxwey hoey sn Aqy dohW auqy KVk isMG qy cyq isMG dIAW mohrW vI corI krky lweIAW hoeIAW sn[ -Major G. Carmichael Symth, A History of the
Reigning Family of Lahore, Calcutta-1847, p. 28. ienHW jwlI icTIAW ivc iliKAw igAw sI, “pMjwb AMgryzw dy ADIn ho jwey, rwj qy knUMn AMgryzI hox, is`K &OjW qy srdwrW dI QW AMgryzI A&sr hox, KVk isMG nwm mwqr bwdSwh rhy, rupy ipCy Cy Awny AMgryz Awpxy ^rcW vwsqy r`K lYx qy ds Awny KVk isMG nUM pYnSn vjoN idqy jwx[” -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 29.
246
irSvq dw bol-bwlw ho jwvygw[ ieh gl sux ky nOinhwl isMG ny ikhw ik ies qrHW qW
isK-rwj hI ^qm ho jwvygw[ iDAwn isMG fogry dI cwl nUM nw smJidAW aus ny cyq
isMG nUM kql krn dw mSvrw ausdy Agy riKAw[ aunHW ny gupq cwl bxw ky cyq isMG nUM
Gr Aqy Dwrimk sQwn Fwhux dw kwrj ausny hMkwr vs kIqw sI[ kuJ smyN bwAd
mhwrwjw KVk isMG dI ibmwrI dy kwrn lwhOr ivc mOq ho geI Aqy ausdw
sskwr cMdn dI icKw bxw ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy sskwr vwlI QW hI kIqw
igAw[251 jdoN ipqw dI icKw nUM lWbU lw ky kMvr nO inhwl isMG vwips AwieAw qW
aus aupr (ifauFI) dw bMnw igr igAw, ijs nwl auh byhoS ho igAw qy muV hoS ivc
247
“8 AkqUbr 1839 dI rwq nUM iDAwn isMG fogrw, gulwb isMG fogrw, sucyq isMG fogrw, kMvr nOinhwl isMG, rwxI cMd kOr, cwry sMDwvwlIey srdwr (Aqr isMG, lihxw isMG, ikhr isMG, AjIq isMG), hIrw isMG fogrw, gwrfnr, rwau kysr isMG, ny mhwrwjw KVk isMG dy mihlW ivc dw^l ho ky cyq isMG nUM ausdy swhmxy kql kr idqw[” -krm isMG, auhI, fogrw-grdI dy guJy Byq (lyK), fw. gMfw isMG, pMnw 226-27. ; J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p. 238.
248 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 514.
249 mhwrwjw KVk isMG dI ibmwrI dw kwrn keI ivdvwnW (fw. gMfw isMG, sohx isMG sIql, igAwnI igAwn isMG, simQ Awid) ny iDAwn isMG fogry duAwrw idqIAW dvweIAW ivc s&Yd kskrI Aqy rs kpUr imlwaux dI swizs nUM mMinAw hY[
250 “He took advantage of the repeated dilatoriness of the Mundee and other Rajpoot chiefs around Kanggra in paying their stipulated tribute, to move a large force into the eastern hills, and the resistance his troops experienced amid mountain fastnesses seemed fully to justify the con- tinuous dispatch of reinforcements. His design was, to place a considerable army immediately to the northeast of Jummoo, to be ready to co-operate with the troops which could reach that place in a few marches from Lahore.” -J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p. 242-243.
nOinhwl isMG nUM iDAwn isMG duAwrw byhoS hwlq ivc AMdr iljwx qoN lY ky mrn qk dw hwl gwrfnr ies qrHW ilKdw hY- “They were servants in my own camp of Artillery, and were five in
number. Two were afterwards privately put to death-two escaped to Hindostan, the fate of the fifth is unknown. One of the palkee bearers afterwards affirmed, that mhen the prince was put into the palkee, and when he was assisting to place him there, he saw that above the right ear there was a wound which bled so slightly as only to cause a blotch of blood of about the size of a rupee, on the pillow or cloth on which his head rested while he was in the palkee. He added, that the blood neither flowed nor trickled in any quantity, before his being taken out. Now, it is a curious fact, that when the room was opened, in which his corpse was first exposed by the Rajah, blood in great quantity, both in fluid and coagulated pools, was found around the head on the cloth on which body lay.” -Major G. Carmichael Symth, Ibid, (Phoot Note), p. 36.
254 “punh rwjy iDAwn isMG ny kihE cMd kOr kO qQw Avr muswihbw kau[ jo pwiqswhI syr isMG kau dIjIey[ qb rwnI cMdu kOr eyh bwq n mwnI[ Awp hI rwj krny lwgI[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 11.
255 “srIk lok syr isMG kO rj ky bytw khqy[ rwnI sdw kOr kI bytI mqwb kOr pwqswh rxjIq isMG kI rwnI iqs ny byty pwlXy Qy do[ qwrw isMG Ar syr isMG[ qwrw isMG qO msqwnw BXo swD sMg[ syr isMG Gr….. bYTo[ ies kir kY sMDvwlIey Aqr isMG AjIq isMG lhxw isMG rjku ky byty pwlku kihE[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 16. ; In 1807 it was understood that Mehtab Kour was pregnant, and it is
isMG, rwxI cMd kOr dy p`K ivc sn, ijnHW nwl imlky ausny rwj clwauxw SurU kIqw[
rwjw iDAwn isMG ny ausnUM rokxw cwihAw pr ausny swrI Kwlsw &Oj nUM Awpxy nwl g`T
ilAw, ijs kwrn ausdy Agy iksy dw zor nw cl sikAw[257 Syr isMG lwhOr Cf ky
btwly clw igAw[ q^q auqy bYTx qoN bwAd rwxI cMd kOr ny idl KolH ky dwn
kIqw[258
hOlI-hOlI rwxI cMd kOr pRqI vI inrwSw dw mhOl bx igAw[ Kwlsw &OjW
cwhuMdIAW sn ik Syr isMG nUM q^q aupr ibTwieAw jwvy[ iDAwn isMG fogrw vI Syr
isMG vl hI ho igAw[ cMd kOr Aqy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw, hIrw isMG qy sucyq isMG
fogrw nUM Awpxy nwl rlwauxw nhIN cwhuMdy sn[ ies kwrn fogirAW ny Awps ivc
ivvwd dw frwmw rc ilAw[259 mwVy Awcrx vwilAW dI sMqwn vI mwVI hI huMdI hY,
lwhOr ivc siQq hIrw isMG fogry ny Awpxy ipqw iDAwn isMG Aqy Syr isMG nUM Kwlsw
(ipCly pMny dw bwkI) believed that she was really delivered of a daughter ; but, on Runjeet Singh's return from
an expedition, he was presented with two boys as his offspring. The Muharaja doubted : and perhaps he always gave credence to the report that Sher Singh was the son of a carpenter, and Tara Singh the child Of a weaver, yet they continued to be broug-ht up under the care of their reputed grandmother, as if their Sudda parentage had been admitted. -J. D. Cunningham, Ibid, p. 185. -sIqw rwm kohlI ny vI tyk isMG vWg hI iliKAw hY[ -Sita Ram Kohli, Sunset of the Sikh Empire,
Orient Longmans LTD, New Delhi-1967, p. 11-12. 256
260 ieh lVweI 1841 eI. ivc hoeI sI[ ies lVweI dw Asl kwrn iDAwn isMG fogrw sI, jo rwxI cMd kOr dI QW Syr isMG nUM rwjw bxw ky Awp vzIr bxnw cwhuMdw sI[ hIrw isMG fogry ny is`K &OjW nUM cMd kOr dy iKlw& kr ky Syr isMG dw swQ dyx dw kMm kIqw sI Aqy ieh ^br jMmU ivc iDAwn isMG kol phuMcweI sI[ -sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 50-52.
261 ies lVweI ivc Syr isMG dy pwisEN 4786 AwdmI, 610 GoVy Aqy 320 bYl mry qy j^mI hoey Aqy dUjy pwsy iklHy ivc 130 AwdmI mry Aqy j^mI hoey sn[ -Muhammad Latif, Ibid, p. 506 ; Major G.
Carmichael Symth, Ibid, p. 57. 262
Syr isMG Aqy rwxI cMd kOr ivckwr smJOqw iDAwn isMG fogry ny hI krvwieAw sI[ ies smJOqy dIAW SrqW bwry sim`Q ilKdw hY “First, a jaghire of nine lakhs for the princess-Kuddee Kuddeealee
was the place named, adjoining yhe Jummo states, and Goolab Singh was to have the management of it for her ; second, that as it was the Ranee’s wish to live as the faithful widow of Kurruck Singh, Shere Singh should never make any pretensions to her hand ; third, that the Dogra garrison of the fort should be allowed to march out unmolested and with flying colours ; and fourth, that security should be given for the due fulfilment of these conditions.” -Major G. Carmichael Symth, Ibid, p 59.
263 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 515(A).
-“punh bsMq pMcmI kO sBu POjw Kwlsw jI iekqR BXo syr isMG ko tIko kIXo pwqswhI qKqu pru bYTwieE[ sMmq 1897 mwG sudI pMcmI ky idnu[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 16.
264 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 515(A).
not : sMDwvwlIey srdwr AjIq bwry jo sUcnw tyk isMG ny idqI hY, aus ivc ieh ZlqI hY[ auh lwhOr qoN Bj ky iProzpur nhIN sgoN sqluj qoN pwr (AMbwlw) cilAw igAw sI[ -Muhammad Latif, Ibid, p. 507. ;
Murray, History of The Punjab, London, 1846, p 231. ; -krm isMG, auhI, isK drbwr dy roz-nwmcy (lyK), krm isMG, pMnw 259. ; lihxw isMG nUM ausdy Awpxy hI ispwhIAW duAwrw kYd kIqw igAw sI Aqy bwAd ivc auh lwhOr ivKy vI kYd irhw[ - krm isMG, auhI, pMnw 259. ; sohx isMG sIql, auhI, pMnw 56.
265 ieh iek pOrwixk dyvI hY jo Awls PYlwaux krky pRisD hY[
250
kwrn pRsiQqIAW nUM smJ nhIN skdw sI, ijs kwrn lok ausnUM pwZl kihMdy sn[ auh
icVIAW Aqy mCIAW mwrn ivc hI kImqI smW nSt krdw sI Aqy rwjnIqI dI smJ
sMDwvwlIey nwl sI jo AMZryzW nwl imilAw hoieAw sI[267 auh cwhuMdI sI ik AjIq
isMG nUM vwips lwhOr ilAWdw jwvy[ auh klyS nUM mukx nhIN dyxw cwhuMdI sI Aqy keI
vwr rokx ’qy vI ss-shury dI dOlq kih ky dwn krdI rhI[ ijs kwrn mhwrwjw Syr
isMG Aqy iDAwn isMG fogry ny rwxI cMd kOr nUM mwrn dw mqw pkwieAw[ iek golI nUM
swrI g`l smJw ky mwrn leI ByijAw igAw[ ausny p`Qr mwr ky rwxI dI mOq kr
266
tyk isMG duAwrw mhwrwjw Syr isMG dI kmzor S^sIAq bwry kIqIAW itpxIAW nUM sO-pRqISq sc mMn lYxw TIk nhIN hY ikauNik mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw jo cirqr ibAwn kIqw igAw hY, iesqoN pqw lgdw hY ik tyk isMG ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG dIAW aunHW g`lW dw izkr kIqw igAw hY jo rwxI cMd kOr, sMDwvwlIey srdwrW Aqy fogirAW duAwrw ausnUM bdnwm krn leI PYlweIAW geIAW sn[ Asl ivc kuJ GwtW hox dy bwvjUd vI auh bhuq suMdr, dwnw, dUrAMdySI Aqy sUrmw bwdSwh sI[ mhwrwjw Syr isMG bwry igAwnI igAwn isMG ‘qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw’ (Bwg pihlw) dy pMnw 155 qy 346 aupr ilKdw hY, “slqnq dy mwmilAW iv`c bVI idlcspI lYNdw irhw[ hr POj dI kvwied vyKdw qy svyr qoN lY ky 11 vjy q`k mulk dy kMmW ivc l`gw rihMdw[” “mhwrwjw Syr isMG ie`k bVw jvwn, suMdr qy dwnw mhwrwjw sI[ ies dIAW A`KW motIAW motIAW qy cyhrw gol vyKx vwly qy bVw Asr pWdw sI[ rwjsI mwmilAW ivc iehdw idmwZ dUr q`k pu`jdw sI[ is`KW dy dwVHI bMnx dw irvwj iesy mhwrwjw dy vyly hI ipAw[ iek vwr dw izkr hY ik hzwry dI lVweI qy mhwrwjw Syr isMG igAw[ jd donoN pwisAW qoN jMg SurU hox lgI[ qd ie`k v`fy grWfIl kd dy pTwx ny ikhw ik POjW nUM mrvwn dw kI lwB cMgw hovy ik srdwr Awps iv`c inpt lYx[ ieh sux ky mhwrwjw Syr isMG Jt GoVy qoN auqr ky auhdy swhmxy jw Kloqw qy ikhw ik pihlW Awpxw vwr kr lY[ pTwx ny qd qlvwr iKc ky BrvW vwr kIqw, ikMqU mhwrwjw Syr isMG dI nok dy nwl qlvwr dy do tukVy ho gey[ iPr mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny ie`k hI vwr nwl pTwx nUM tukVy tukVy kr idqw[ ies qrHW ieh jMg mhwrwjw iek`lw ij`q ky Aw igAw[” -igAwnI igAwn isMG, qvwrI^ rwj Kwlsw, Kwlsw tRYkt suswietI, AMimRqsr-1924, (Bwg pihlw).
267 “ieh (srdwr Aqr isMG Aqy ausdw BqIjw AjIq isMG) 18 jnvrI 1841 nUM mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy rwj g`dI pr bYTx vyly AMgryzI ielwky nUM B`j gey sn[ mhwrwjy dy ivruD AMgryzW dI shwieqw lYx leI AjIq isMG klkqy vI igAw sI[ AMgryzI polItIkl eyjMt imstr jwrj rsl klwrk ny mwrc-ApRYl sMn 1843 ivc sMDwvwlIAW dI ihmwieq krnI SurU kr idqI[” -fw. gMfw isMG, pMjwb au~qy AMgryzW dw kbzw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw-2000, pMnw 28.
251
idqI[ pwpI dw AMq burw huMdw hY, ijs kwrn bwAd ivc golI nUM vI mwr idqw igAw[
mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy iDAwn isMG ny qwkq dy nSy ivc ieh jmW vwlw kwrj
kIqw[268 mhwrwxI cMd kOr dI mOq bwry jo kuJ tyk isMG ny iliKAw hY, aus rwhIN kuJ
g`lW nvIAW swhmxy AweIAW hn jo ausdI mOq dy bwry kuJ nvyN kwrn pyS krdIAW
hn[ rwxI cMd kOr dI mOq krn vwlIAW golIAW dI igxqI ieiqhwskwrW ny cwr ilKI
hY, ijnHW nUM bwAd ivc iDAwn isMG ny szw dy ky mwr idqw sI[ ieiqhwskwrW ny ieh
vI iliKAw hY ik ienHW mOqW smyN mhwrwjw Syr isMG lwhOr ivc nhIN sI[269
kiljug dw ieh inXm hY ik iek h`Q nwl pwp kIiqAW dUjy h`Q nwl ausdw
Pl pRwpq krnw pYNdw hY[ ies leI cMd kOr dI hiqAw dw ihswb krn leI kudrq ny
iek nvIN Kyf KyfI[270 mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy iDAwn isMG ny mqw krky sMDwvwlIey
lihxw isMG nUM kYd ivcoN bwhr kF ky muV drbwr ivc r`K ilAw[ AjIq isMG
sMDwvwlIey nUM vI vwips bulw ilAw igAw[ swirAW ny bwbw bydI Aqy sRI gurU gRMQ
swihb dy swhmxy iek-dUjy pRqI imqR Bwv r`Kx dI ksm KwDI pr idloN swry iek-dUjy
nUM mwr ky KuS sn[271 kuJ icr qW SWqI rhI pr iPr iDAwn isMG ny AjIq isMG Aqy
lihxw isMG nwl iml ky mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM mwrn dw mqw pkwieAw[ dUjy pwsy Syr
isMG ny sMDwvwlIAW nUM ikhw ik qusIN iDAwn isMG nUM mwr idE Aqy rwj nUM Awpxw
268
tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 516(a). “pun: sMmq 1899 jyT idny 30 syr isMG ny rwjw nwl slwh kir kY cMd kOr kIAw golIAw pwso cMd kOr
kI muskY bMDvweI prwdy swQ[ Pyr pQ rwhI swQ mwr dInw golIAw ny[ hukm syr isMG Aru rwjy ky swQ cMd kOr mwr dInI[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 18.
269 Muhammad Latif, Ibid, p. 509. ; Major G. Carmichael Symth, Ibid, p. 69.
270 tyk isMG, auhI, p`qrw 516(a).
271 punh kyqk mhIny pwCo sMDwvwlIey mMgvwey[ bwby ibkRm isMG bydI aUny vwly ky hQI[ AjIq isMG AwXo bwby ibkRm isMG jI swQ lhOr mY[ qy Aqr isMG n AwXo[ Aqr isMG bwby bIr isMG pws Awn rihE[ qb lhxw isMG kO Aru kyhru isMG kO kYd qy inkwrXo[ byVIAw ktIAw[ iekqu pwsy sMDwvwlIey bYTy[ qy iekqu pwsy bwbw ivkRm isMG iekqu pwsy syr isMG[ iekqu pwsy….ivc swihbu[ qy bIcu igrMQ swihbu riKAw[ qb dono ny hwQ rKy igrMQ swihbu q….kmw isMG ky dyhI qy[ shu krI[ dono …..syr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny[ jo hm Awps bIcu Kot n krnw[ DRoh n krnw[ jMg julm n krnw[ imqR bxy Awps bIcu[ qb kVwhu pRswid vMifAw[ qb syr isMG ny sMDwvwlIAw ky muK mY gPw dIE[ Ar sMDwvwlIAw ny syru isMG pRqwp isMG ky muK mY gPw dIE[ Awps bIc jPIAw pweIAw imly igly bVw AnMdu hUAw[ qb ijqnw mulK sMDwvwlIAw dw sI[ so sBu aun kO dy dIAw[ -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 19-20.
252
smJ ky clwE[272 iPr iDAwn isMG dy kihx auqy aunHW ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw isr
qlvwr nwl kt ilAw[273 iesqoN bwAd Syr isMG dy lVky (kMvr prqwp isMG) nUM
kql krky ausdw isr kt ilAw[274 jdoN dovW dy isr k`t ky auh mihl v`l Awey qW
rsqy ivc iDAwn isMG fogrw iml igAw[ sMDwvwlIAW ny iDAwn isMG nUM Syr isMG dy
mwrn dI ^br idqI Aqy iqMnoN mihl ivc cly gey[ dIpmwlw krn dw hukm idqw igAw[
iqMnW ny bYT ky slwh kIqI ik hux swrw Swsn-pRbMD swfy hukm Anuswr clxw hY[ ies
leI iksy Aijhy ivAkqI nUM q^q auqy ibTwieAw jwvy jo swfy kihx Anuswr Swsn-pRbMD
clwvy[ iqMnW ny slwh krky dlIp isMG nUM rwj gdI aupr ibTwaux dw PYslw kIqw[275
AjIq isMG sMDwvlIey ny iDAwn isMG fogry dy vzIr bxn dy ^qry kwrn ausnUM goLI
272
“syr isMG ny AjIq isMG ko khw jo hm qum qO BRwqw hY[ Xih phwVIAw kOn hY[ Xw ko gul kro[ qb sMDwvwlIAw ny dono kI bwq suxky mn bIc pweI[ punh dono BweIE ny lhxw isMG Aru AjIq isMG ny iml kir mnsUbw kirAw jo hm dono hI kO mwrIey[ rwjw kO BI[ Aru syr isMG kO BI[”-auhI-, pMnw 22.
273 “AjIq isMG ny Agy vDky mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM krwbIn ivKweI, pr klw dw pqw nw lgx krky (jo Axjwx nUM nhIN sI lBdI) Syr isMG ny ikhw, qUM hI ds dyh iesdI klw[ AjIq isMG ny mgroN hI GoVw np idqw Aqy golI Syr isMG dy sjy mmy auqy vjI, jI-iBAwxw auTky ^wbgwh vl au~qy Bj igAw[ pr Syr isMG BUirAW vwlw mgr hI igAw Aqy isr vF ky lY AwieAw[” -krm isMG, auhI, ibrDW dy ibAwn (lyK), krm isMG, pMnw 278. “qoVy lgwie kir mwno sMDwvwlIey nhI Awey syr isMG ko kwl POj smyq syr isMG aupr ciV AwieAw hY[ qb AwvidAw hI krwbIn mwrI qw KVy ho ky lhxw isMG ny[ Pyr qurq hI AjIq isMG dOV ky aUpr qy jwie kir qlvwr mwr kir sIs kwtXo syr isMG kw[ qb Eq smy buD isMG mhrw syr isMG ky pws sI qb Eh isrI swihbu pkV ky auT KVw hUAw lVny lwgw[ qb eyk do vwr kir kY buD isMG mhrw bI kitXo gieE[ eyk cOVw isMG sI Ehu BI eyk do vwr kir kY mwrXo gieE[” -auhI-, pMnw 23.
274 “lihxw isMG kMvr prqwp isMG nUM kql krn leI qyz isMG dy bwZ ivc clw igAw sI, Aqy auhnW ny Awps ivc p`kw qYA kIqw hoieAw sI ik ijauN hI bMdUk dy c`lx dI Awvwz suxweI dyvy, qW auh aus ivcwry muMfy dy isr auqy qlvwr clwey Aqy ausdw glw k`t dyvy[ ies smJOqy qoN qurMq mgroN aupRokq lihxw isMG qyz isMG dy bwZ ivc igAw Aqy ausny dyiKAw ik kMvr prqwp isMG auQy gxyS pUjw kr irhw sI, puMn-dwn kr irhw sI Aqy sMklp krn leI q`kVI dy p`ly ivc bYTx hI vwlw sI[ jdoN aupRokq kMvr (prqwp isMG) ny aupRokq srdwr (lihxw isMG) nUM iek v`Kry rONA ivc dyiKAw qW auh auQoN iekdm n`T igAw, pr auh SrwrqI srdwr vI qurMq ausdy ipCy n`Tw Aqy ivcwry muMfy nUM PV ilAw[ BwvyN auh roieAw ic`lwieAw Aqy bhuq rOlw pwieAw, pr ausny ausdI iek nw suxI[ kMvr AwpxI Aw^rI GVI kihx l`gw : ‘bwbw jI ! mYN Awpdw bytw hW, syvk hW, mYnUM jwx idE, mYnUM mwro nw[ mYN quhwfw &rmWbrdwr Aqy v&wdwr rhWgw Aqy iblkul ausy qrHW krWgw, ijs qrHW quhwfI ie`Cw Aqy nsIAq hovygI[’ ausny aus ivcwry muMfy dw isr qlvwr dy ieko vwr nwl ausdy DV qoN v`K kr idqw Aqy aus ivcwry XqIm auqy ausnUM iblkul koeI qrs nw AwieAw[” -sohn lwl sUrI, auhI, pMnw 251-52.“qyjw isMG ky bwg mY pRqwp isMG shjwdy…..lVny lwgw Qw[ aUhw lihxw isMG[….sIs kwtw[ pRqwp isMG bhuq ibrlwp….jIqwieAw jI hm qumwrw thlUAw hoie rhygw[….aus ky pws jo nokru sy iqnhu BI hwQ joV kir bhuq bynqIAw krIAw[ pru lhxy isMG eyk BI n mwnI[ pRqwp isMG kw sIs auqwr lIAw[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 23-24.
“aun sMDwvwlIey Clu kir ky bhuqy hI mnuK Byjy hIry isMG pws[ jo qum kO rwjw bulwvqw hY[ qurq hI AweIE[ eyk vYrI AYsy BI kIAw jo rwjy kI muhr Cwp BI Kqu aupr ilKu ky Byj dInI[ qb BI jly pMifqu dyK kir muhr kau n mwinAw[ qy hIry isMG kau kihAw qkVw ho[ eyh koeI Clu DRohu hUAw hY[ qb iksI rwjw hI ky nokru ny ikly bIco inks kir sBu Kbru rwjw kI hIry isMG kO Awn sunweI[ jo rwjw surguvwsI BYAw hY[ qum qkVy hoeIE[ qum kO BI mwrny vwsqy bulwvqy hY[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 28.
279 “AjIq isMG isDw znwn Kwny igAw, 5 swl dy bwl dlIp isMG nUM nwl lY ky q^q qy ibTw idqw qy Ehdy m`Qy qy Syr isMG dy isr qy co rhy Un dw it`kw lwieAw[” -igAwnI igAwn isMG, auhI, pMnw 345.
254
isMG ny &OjW nUM Awpxy nwl kr ilAw[280 iklHy aupr qopW dI mdd nwl v`fI igxqI
ivc &OjW ny hmlw kIqw[ iklyH dI kMD Fwh ky pOVI lweI geI[ pihlW iek (lihxw
isMG) nUM Aqy Pyr dUjy (AjIq isMG) nUM mwirAw igAw[ iPr aunHW ny sMDwvwlIAW dy
swQIAW byxI rwm (imsr bylI rwm) Aqy gurmuK isMG nUM Gyr ilAw[ AspSt jwxkwrI
kwrn tyk isMG ilKdw hY ik pqw nhIN aunHW nwl kI bIqI ? aunHW dy mrn jW ijaUx dI
“….rwjw swihb (iDAwn isMG dw dwh-sMskwr ^qm hoieAw qW lgpg aus vyly jdoN iqMn cwr GMty idhwVI rih geI sI, rwjw hIrw isMG, rwjw sucyq isMG, rwey kysrI isMG, pMfq j`lw Aqy rwj dy hor nyVly rukn iklHy ivc dw^l hoey Aqy ArSt Bujy guMbd ivc pujy[ imsr bylI rwm Aqy BweI gurmuK isMG mIitMg leI Awey Aqy auhnW nUM iekdm hoxI dy pMijAW ivc kYdI bxw ilAw igAw Aqy auhnW nUM Sy^ iemwmu`dIn dy hvwly kr id`qw igAw[ rwq vyly aupRokq SyK auhnW nUM Awpxy Asqbl ivc lY igAw Aqy auhnW nUM grm ASnwnGr vwlI glI ivc lYjWidAW, auhnW nUM auhnW dIAW mwVIAW krqUqW dI szw brdwSq krn leI mjbUr kIqw[ ies smyN qk jdoN pUry cwr swl bIq cu`ky sn, koeI bMdw vI auhnW bwry sUcnw nhIN sI pRwpq kr sikAw Aqy Awm lok Aqy SihrI jo vI g`lW g`lW krdy hn, auh ieiqhws ivc ilKy jwx dy Xog nhIN hn[” -sohn lwl sUrI, auhI, pMnw 264.
-“punh Pqy qo qIsry idnu ikly mo FUF kY igAwnI gurmuK isMG kO Aru bylI rwm qosy KwnIey kO Aru rwm ikRsn kO BohirE qy kwF kir pkV lIno[ by hukmq krI[ bhuq sjwie dInI[ keI khqy hY Klu auqwr kY gMdgI mY dbwie dIny hY[ keI khqy hY ik dirAwau mY ruVw dIey hY keI khqy hY irAw…….kIey hUey hY[ keI khqy hY dUr ik ikilAw mo phwV mY Byjy hUey hY[” -rwm isMG, auhI, pMnw 34-35.
256
pwsy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG Aqy ausdy mwmy jvwhr isMG ny is`K &OjW dI mdd nwl hIrw
isMG fogry nUM mwrn dI slwh bxweI[ jdoN jvwhr isMG ny dlIp isMG nUM nwl lY ky
&OjW Agy hIrw isMG nUM mwrn bdly ienwm dyx dI g`l kIqI qW &OjW ny dovW nUM kYd kr
idqw[ bwAd ivc mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM qW hIrw isMG kol Byj idqw pr jvwhr
isMG nUM kYd ivc hI riKAw igAw[ ies Gtnw qoN bwAd gulwb isMG Aqy sucyq isMG