D OMESTIC P OLICY I SSUES & P OLICIES OF THE E ARLY P RESIDENTS P ROBLEMS F ACED B Y AII THE E ARLY L EADERS OF O UR C OUNTRY.

DOMESTIC POLICY ISSUES & POLICIES OF THE EARLY PRESIDENTSPROBLEMS FACED BY AII THE EARLY LEADERS OF OUR COUNTRY

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Set precedent (example) for others to follow

Ex. of precedent was establishing the Presidential cabinet

Known as the “Father of our country and possessed: Honesty Inspiration Practicality

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Careful not to overstep powers given by the Constitution

Closely followed Article II’ description of a president's role

Enforced national described in Article II when he put down the Whiskey Rebellion

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Emphasized staying neutral when dealing with France & Britain in his “Farewell Address”

Also urged Americans to practice “unity at home…neutrality abroad”

Believed we couldn’t be independent if we had ties to other nations

U.S. attempted to remain neutral through 19th century

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Judiciary Act was passed during Washington’s term

Constitution called for national court system headed by Supreme Court and lower courts

It didn’t explain how the two would relate

GEORGE WASHINGTON Supported Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan, which

called for: Protective tariffs to help our home industry compete with foreign

industry. Lower other kinds of tariffs to keep money in the pockets of our

people to spend Creation of national bank (loose interpretation of the Constitution

based on the "elastic clause")

Federalists and anti-federalists had developed into opposing groups calling themselves the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans

Washington feared U.S. government was going to split and fall apart

BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Political parties developed due disagreements over the role/strength of the national government

Alexander Hamilton Led the Federalists supported John Adams for the next president

James Madison & Thomas Jefferson Led the Democratic-Republicans supported Jefferson for president.

BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Federalist beliefs: Economy based on industry and business (much

of their support came from Northern merchants and industry)

Supported a strong federal government Supported the creation of a national bank

BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Democratic-Republican beliefs: An economy based on farming and agriculture. Stronger state governments State banks rather than a national bank they

thought unconstitutional.

JOHN ADAMS

Adams was vice-president under Washington and then becomes our 2nd president.

Alexander Hamilton & Federalists supported John Adams.

Adams faced foreign affairs problems

Due to the U.S. being affected by the war between France and Britain

JOHN ADAMS

Was hard for the U.S. to remain neutral

France expected the U.S. to help them since they aided U.S. during the Revolutionary War

U.S. wanted to stay on good terms with Britain (Britain was an important trading partner)

JOHN ADAMS

Both England and France captured U.S. ships

This interfered with trade.

Federalists sided with Britain

Democratic-Republicans with France.

Some, esp. the Federalists, begin to fear that France was going to try to undermine U.S. government by getting French immigrants involved in U.S. political system.

JOHN ADAMS

As a result John Adams supported The Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Congress.

Alien Act required a longer time for immigrants to become citizens and to participate in government.

Sedition Act was politically aimed at the Democratic-Republicans who spoke against Adams and other

Sedition Act made it against the law to criticize the president and other high officials.

JOHN ADAMS

Sedition Act violated the first amendment (freedom of speech)

Kentucky and Virginia nullified Alien & Sedition Acts

Said it was the right of a state to follow or nullify a federal law

Depending on whether it violated a state's rights.

THOMAS JEFFERSON

Tied with Aron Burr on ballot for president (both were Democratic-Republicans)

Supported economy based on agriculture

Opposed national bank

Cut size of army and navy to save government money

Cut all taxes except import taxes (customs duties).

THOMAS JEFFERSON

Marbury v Madison case happened under his term

France acquired New Orleans & land west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Spain

1803 (Louisiana Purchase) U.S. offered to buy the land France decided to sell the entire Louisiana

Territory for just $15 million

THOMAS JEFFERSON

Jefferson sent Lewis & Clark leave St.Louis, Missouri and explore the Louisiana Purchase

Wanted to know if there was an all-water route to Pacific

Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, serves as an essential part of the expedition

THOMAS JEFFERSON

As Britain and France continued to interfere with American trade as their war waged on

British begin to kidnap (impressment) American sailors to serve in the British navy

Congress passed the Embargo Act in 1807, which prohibited trade with all foreign countries (esp intended to hurt the British economy)

Backfired and hurt the U.S. economy more than any.

JAMES MADISON

James Madison, Democratic-Republican, Was supported by Thomas Jefferson to become

our 4th president. stood only 5'4" Was married to Dolly Madison, who became a

very popular first lady

JAMES MADISON

England continued impressment of U.S. sailors and interference with U.S. shipping

British supported Indian resistance on the frontier

War Hawks = Americans who supported declaring war against Britain.

They also supported taking Canada

British ended their war with France and turned all attention to attacking the U.S.

JAMES MADISON

They attacked Washington D.C. and set fire to many public buildings

Including White House and capital building. Dolly Madison saved a famous painting of

George Washington when she fled the White House just before the British burned it down

The British tried and failed to take Ft. McHenry at Baltimore

Francis Scott Key wrote the poem that became “The Star Spangled Banner” while watching this

JAMES MADISON

Andrew Jackson had gained military success fighting the Indians (Red Stick Confederacy) on the frontier.

Jackson successfully defended New Orleans when British attacked

This made him a national hero

Since Britain was no longer fighting France, the need to capture U.S. ships and impress sailors was gone

JAMES MADISON

Treaty of Ghent brought peace between the U.S. and Britain with no clear winner

As a result of the War of 1812, the United States was viewed as being the leader of the Western Hemisphere

It ended the threat from Britain for good.

JAMES MONROE Issued the “Monroe Doctrine”

Doctrine basically said that America would not get involved in European affairs and

Also that America wouldn’t allow European countries to create any new colonies in North or South America.

JAMES MONROE Foreign policy under Monroe said the U.S. would resist

any nation attempting to interfere in the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere

This held true for nearly I00 years.

U.S. acquired Florida from Spain.

Which became a U.S. territory (stage before becoming a state).

No one ran against James Monroe for his 2nd term

This was called the Era of Good Feelings