D. Kallidromitou FOMFIS Forest Fire Management and Fire Prevention System D. Kallidromitou Managing Director Epsilon International SA Monemvasias 27, 151.

D. KallidromitouD. Kallidromitou

FOMFISENV4-CT96-0335

FOMFISFOMFIS

Forest Fire Management and Fire Prevention System

D. Kallidromitou

Managing Director

Epsilon International SA

Monemvasias 27, 151 25 Marousi

Athens-Greece

e-mail: [email protected]



PARTNERSPARTNERS

IBERINSA Coordinator ESEPSILON Contractor GRSOFTWARE AG Contractor IT IBERSAT Contractor ESSEMA GROUP Contractor ESSESFOR Contractor ESCONAG Contractor ESCPFA Contractor FRNAGREF Contractor GR



WHAT IS FOMFISWHAT IS FOMFIS

A Tool forA Tool for

Evaluating Fire PreventionEvaluating Fire PreventionOptimising Fighting Strategies Optimising Fighting Strategies Improve Fire Fighting PlanningImprove Fire Fighting Planning



RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS

Forest fuel mapping Socio-economic risk analysis Forest fire behaviour

simulation Probabilistic planning



TECHNOLOGICAL AREASTECHNOLOGICAL AREAS

Remote sensing & automated Remote sensing & automated cartographycartography

Geographical information systemsGeographical information systems Knowledge based systemsKnowledge based systems Fire behaviour simulationFire behaviour simulation Statistical and probabilistic analysisStatistical and probabilistic analysis Data & user interfaces software Data & user interfaces software

engineeringengineering Risk analysisRisk analysis



TEST AREASTEST AREAS



FOMFIS ARCHITECTUREFOMFIS ARCHITECTURE



FOMFIS MODULESFOMFIS MODULES

Socio-economic RiskSocio-economic Risk Fuel MappingFuel Mapping Integral RiskIntegral Risk Probabilistic Scenarios GenerationProbabilistic Scenarios Generation Fire Behavior ModelFire Behavior Model Efficiency Driven PlanningEfficiency Driven Planning Planning Analysis EnginePlanning Analysis Engine ReportingReporting



SOCIOECONOMIC RISKSOCIOECONOMIC RISK

COMPONENTS

Economic

Social

Demographic

Organisational

SRM

Number of fires



SOCIOECONOMIC RISKSOCIOECONOMIC RISKSocial component dataSocial component data

Tourist dataTourist dataGreeks touristsGreeks touristsForeign touristsForeign tourists

Land useLand useagricultural agricultural grazing landgrazing landurbanurbanrocky rocky wet areaswet areas

Forested Area (Ha) per Nomos and Forested Area (Ha) per Nomos and Industrial UseIndustrial Use




Organisational component dataOrganisational component dataAnnual expenses:Annual expenses:

in forest development in forest development in forest environmental policy and forestin forest environmental policy and forestfire protectionfire protectionin forest fire-fightingin forest fire-fighting

Personnel :Personnel :PermanentPermanentTemporaryTemporary




SRM



FUEL MAPPINGFUEL MAPPINGMultispectral Maximum-Likelihood Multispectral Maximum-Likelihood

Classifier of:Classifier of:Landsat-TM Image Bands and Landsat-TM Image Bands and A number of auxiliary bands A number of auxiliary bands

texture extracted from SPOT-PANtexture extracted from SPOT-PANelevationelevationslopeslope

18 test sites in the area of Limni18 test sites in the area of LimniFuel types of the site Fuel types of the site Position by GPSPosition by GPS



Sampling Test Sampling Test SitesSites

FUEL MAPPINGFUEL MAPPING



FUEL MAPPINGFUEL MAPPING

Fuel Loads derived for Evia Island

Satellite imagery & auxiliary data integration

BurnedArea



INTEGRAL RISK MODELINTEGRAL RISK MODEL

Input DataCompute Physical

Risk

Transformation tables

Physical Risk Map

Compute FireAppearance

Compute PotentialDamage

Compute Integral

Risk

Input Data Fire Appearance

Integral Risk Map

Potential Damage Map

Input Data

Socio-economic RiskNatural risk



PROBABILISTIC SCENARIOS PROBABILISTIC SCENARIOS GENERATIONGENERATION

Allows the user to generate the fires that will Allows the user to generate the fires that will appear in the simulation in two ways:appear in the simulation in two ways:Probabilistic Generation. Probabilistic Generation.

A set of fires is generatedA set of fires is generatedfor each meteorological situation in the scenariofor each meteorological situation in the scenariobased on the data extracted from the FAR (Fire based on the data extracted from the FAR (Fire

Appearance Risk) Map.Appearance Risk) Map.

Random Generation. Random Generation.

A given number of Fires are generated in a A given number of Fires are generated in a random geographical situationrandom geographical situation



PROBABILISTIC SCENARIOS PROBABILISTIC SCENARIOS GENERATIONGENERATION

AreaDefinition

General DataDefinition

MeteorologicalEvolutionDefinition

WindEvolutionDefinition

FiresGeneration



FIRE BEHAVIOR MODELFIRE BEHAVIOR MODEL General PurposeGeneral Purpose

Estimate the fire spread perimeter, area Estimate the fire spread perimeter, area and shapeand shape

ObjectivesObjectivesCalculate the fire importance.Calculate the fire importance.Give support to fire fighting dispatching.Give support to fire fighting dispatching.Calculate extinction costs.Calculate extinction costs.Estimate losses and prejudices due to fire Estimate losses and prejudices due to fire

action.action.Obtain the potential spread rate for an EGU Obtain the potential spread rate for an EGU

for integral risk calculations.for integral risk calculations.



FIRE BEHAVIOR MODELFIRE BEHAVIOR MODEL

Fuel Model

Mass density

B

Preignition HeatQig

Slope Factor

s

Wind Factor

w

MoistureCompactedness

SizeChemical Composition

Basic Propagation FluxIpo

Reaction IntensityIr

Surface/Volume RatioCompactedness

Wind Speed

Size

Reaction IntensityIr

Propagation Flux Ratio

CompactednessSlope

Effective HeatingNumber

Table

Table

Table

Table

Table

Table

Table

•Based on Rothermel’s equation•Depends on the fuel model•Slope and wind are considered



EFFICIENCY DRIVEN EFFICIENCY DRIVEN PLANNINGPLANNING

General PurposeGeneral PurposeAllow user to make resources planning Allow user to make resources planning

according their efficiency in fire vigilance and according their efficiency in fire vigilance and extinction operations.extinction operations.

ObjectivesObjectivesObtain access maps over the analysis area.Obtain access maps over the analysis area.Calculate access coverage either by airborne Calculate access coverage either by airborne

and ground fire fighting resources.and ground fire fighting resources.Estimate visual coverage for vigilance purposes Estimate visual coverage for vigilance purposes

based on the viewshed calculation.based on the viewshed calculation.Estimate the relationship between work costs Estimate the relationship between work costs

and access improvement of the road network.and access improvement of the road network.




Ground Total Access Cost MapGround Total Access Cost MapRASTERIZE ROADNETWORK LAYER

ASSIGNS AN AVERAGESPEED SavR ACCORDINGTHE ROAD TYPE AND

TERRAIN SLOPE

CALCULATES THETRANSPORT TIMETtR=L?60 / SavR?1000

READS THE FUEL MODELOF EACH EGU

ASSIGNS AN AVERAGESPEED SavC ACCORDING

THE FUEL TYPE ANDTERRAIN SLOPE

CALCULATES THETRANSPORT TIMETtC=L?60 / SavC?1000

OVERLAPS THE TWORESULTING MAPS

Tt=MIN(TtR, TtC)

ACTUAL VEHICLEGEOGRAPHICAL

POSITION

GROUND VEHICLESAIRBORNE VEHICLES

CALCULATE DISTANCEd FROM ACTUAL TO EGU

CALCULATE ACCESSTIME t=d / SAV

IMAP

TOTAL ACCUMULATEDACCESS TIMEAUTOMATA

CALCULATION

TCMAP

Average Speed SAV

Depending on the analysis thisposition regards the base, awater point or any other pointcoordinates.

Access of ground based forcesis calculated through theexisting road network map.

Airborne forces access isestimated depending on their average flight speed.




Bases & Water Points AllocationBases & Water Points Allocation

CALCULATE TCMAP FOREACH AIR BASE AND

VEHICLE TYPE.COMPUTES NAi

INTEGRATES ALL THEMAPS IN A SINGLE

AIRCRAFT ACCESS MAP.COMPUTES NA

CALCULATE TCMAP FOREACH GROUND BASEAND VEHICLE TYPE.

COMPUTES NGi


GROUND ACCESS MAP.COMPUTES NG


GROUND ACCESS MAP.COMPUTES N

OBTAIN EFFICIENCY FOREACH TCMAPEAi=NAiTAT / NEGi=NGiTAT / N

OBTAIN EFFICIENCY FOREACH INTEGRATED

TCMAPEA=NATAT / NEG=NGTAT / N

TAT

TAT

OBTAIN EFFICIENCY FORTHE WHOLE RESULTING

TCMAPE=NTAT / N

TAT

AIRCRAFT PARAMETERSAND DISTANCE

IMPEDANCE MAP FORGROUND VEHICLES




Lookouts AllocationLookouts Allocation

READS THE DIGITALTERRAIN MODEL OBTAINS LOOKOUT

POSITION AND HEIGHT

VIEWSHED COVERAGECALCULATION

VIEWSHEDSINTEGRATION.

COMPUTES LV0, LV1, LV3

EFFICIENCYCALCULATION

E=0.4 (LV1/N)+0.6 (LV3/N)

The viewshed calculation isobtained from the DTM, butfurther detailed analysis willconsider vegetation coverageheight as well.



PLANNING ANALYSIS PLANNING ANALYSIS ENGINEENGINE

To bring face to face a specific scenario To bring face to face a specific scenario against a proposed planning scheme against a proposed planning scheme along a period of time. along a period of time.

Main tasks accomplished are:Main tasks accomplished are:Classify and characterise fires.Classify and characterise fires.Determine number and type of Determine number and type of

required resources.required resources.Effectively assign resources.Effectively assign resources.Compute associated costs of fire Compute associated costs of fire

fighting operations.fighting operations.



PLANNING ANALYSIS PLANNING ANALYSIS ENGINEENGINE

Planning Simulation Loop:Planning Simulation Loop: Update Times: simulation elapsed time incrementUpdate Times: simulation elapsed time increment Update ConfigurationUpdate Configuration Update EnvironmentUpdate Environment Update resources situation following the transition Update resources situation following the transition

state diagram:state diagram:

Base Arrival

Max Work

READY

TRANSPORT(B)

FIGHT

REFUELING

Dispatch

Fight_End

Fire Arrival

Autonomy

PAUSE

Refuel End

TRANSPORT(F)



REPORTING TOOLREPORTING TOOL Results of simulation are presented in form of Results of simulation are presented in form of

tables and graphics. They includetables and graphics. They includeweather and wind pattern evolutionweather and wind pattern evolutionfire outbreaks distribution fire outbreaks distribution fire growth average values such asfire growth average values such as

size, size, fire line intensities,fire line intensities,fire importance etc;fire importance etc;

reports are obtained regardingreports are obtained regarding

resources usage resources usage dispatching dispatching efficiencyefficiency



REPORTING TOOL REPORTING TOOL The final evaluation allow planners to The final evaluation allow planners to

identify which strategies could have identify which strategies could have deeper impact in the final results, deeper impact in the final results, comparing comparing costscostsefficienciesefficiencieslosseslosses



For Your AttentionFor Your Attention

Thank Thank YouYou

D. Kallidromitou FOMFIS Forest Fire Management and Fire Prevention System D. Kallidromitou Managing Director Epsilon International SA Monemvasias 27, 151.

Documents

area slide

kallidromitou fomfis

gps slide

kallidromitou test areas

fighting planning slide

industrial use slide

permanent temporary

forest development