D. Junii Juvenalis SatirÃ¦ expurgatÃ¦

THE

SATIRES OF JUVENAL

EXPURGATED.

WITH ENGLISH NOTES .

• EDITED

BY F. P. LEVERETT,

P:aINCIPAL or THE BOlTON PUBLIC LA-TIN SCHOOL.

D. JUNII JUV.E.NaLIS ...... :.:: ....

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IN USUM SCHOLlE BOSTONIENSlS.

CURA

F. P. LEVERETT.

BOSTONIJE:

HILLIARD, GRAY, LITTLE, ET WILKINS;

1828.

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PA~4*fp A 0'2. )~.2.1

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DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, t • • It • DUtrict Clerk'. 0JRc!t.

BE it remembered, that on the twelfth day of Augua.t, A. D. l~in the 1I fty.lhird year of the Inde~den.., of the United Statel of Amen.., Hil . Gray. Little, II< Wilkim. of the IlIid district, have depooited in this ofBee the ti e of • hook, the right whereof they claim u proprieto~ in the w....... fullowing, t.1IIU • .. D. Junii Juyenalio sati .... expurga_ Aecedunt Noue Anglicoe. In UlQJn

Schole Bootonienlio. Cura F. P Leverett." In eonfonnity to an act of the Congreu of the United Statel. entitled .. An act fur the encouragement oflearning, by _uring the COJ>ies of ma.... clw1a, and .......... to the authon and proJ>rieton or such eopies durmg the tUnes therein mentioned ;" and also to an act, entitled .. AD act ,upplemenlal')' to an act, entitled· An act for the encouragement of l~. by _uriDg the copiea of ma .... charta, and books to the authon and prol'rieton of luch copi"" dlJriDg the tim"" therein mentioned;' and extending the tMmeIlu thereof to tlui arts ofdeiigning, engraving, and ~ hiltori .. l and othfT priDu."

JNO. W. DAVIS, Clerk of the Diotrict of _ch_

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CAMBRIDGE: Hilliard, Metcalf, & Co.

D. JUNII JUVENALIS

AQ.UINATIS

SATIRARUM

LIBER PRIMUS.

S~TIRA I.

SEMPER ego auditor tantum? nunquamne reponam, Vexatus toties rauci Theseide Codri ? Impune ergo mihi reeitaverit ilIe togatas, -Hie elegos? impune diem eonsumpserit ingens Telephus aut summi plena jam margine libri 5 Scriptus, et in tergo, nee dum finitus, Orestes?

Nota magis nulli domus est sua, quam mihi lucus Martis, et lEoliis vieinum rupibus antrum Volcani. Quid agant venti, quas torqueat umbras lEaeus, unde ali us furtivre devehat aurum 10

Pellieulre, quantas jaculetur Monyehus ornos, Frontonis platani, eonvulsaque marmora clamant Semper, et assiduo ruptre leetore eolumnre. Exspectes eadem a summo minimoque poeta !

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2 ': -:.~. J~i i~iLIS Et nos ergiitll~~er\U~~si.l>.~If~i~~, et nos ~,J. Consilium dedimus Sullre, privatus ut altum Dormiret. Stulta est clementia, quum tot ubique Vatibus occurras, periturre parcere chartre.

Cur tamen hoc potius Iibeat decurrere campo, Per queui magnus equos Auruncre flexit alumnus, Si vacat, et placidi rationem admittitis, edam.

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Quum tener uxorem ducat spado, Mrevia Tuscum uv,'.<',"·

Figat aprum, et nuda teneat v~~abula mamma;

25 Patricios omnes opibus quum pr~ocet unus, ~ .. , ( Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat ; Quum pars Niliacre plebis, quum veJ.:na Canopi Crispin us, Tyrias humero revQ!;!ante lacemas, Ventilet restivllm digitis sudantibus aurum,

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Nec sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmre ; Difficile est Satil'am non scribere. Nam quis iniqure 30 Tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se, Causidici nova' quum veniat lectica Mathonis Plena ipso? post bunc magni delator ~mici, , \. ' . .' Et cito rapturus de nobi]itate comesa, Quod superest, quem Massa timet, quem munere paI-

pat 35 Carus, et a trepido Thyme]e sub'!lissa Latino?-

Quid referam, quanta siccUin jecur ardeat ira, Quum populum gregibus comitum premit hic spoliator Pupilli prostantis? et hic damnatus inani

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Judicio (quid enim salvis infamia nu~mis?) 40 Exsul ab octava Marius bibit, et fruitur dis Iratis; at tu, victrix provincia, ploras ?

Hrec ego nOD credam Venusina digna lucema?

SATIRA I. 3

egv n(m ? q1ud tnagi'¥ n ,,,''''l:''''''''. Aut Diomedeas, aut mugitum Labyrinthi, . 45 Et mare percussum puero,-fabrumque volantem? {<I klt

mv3ehi si cay"endi Jus nullum uxori, doctus spectare lacunar, u,,,,~c,,, .U')etus ed celiecm viliHanti £liek'tere 5lY±SO; Quum fas esse putet curam sperare cohortis, Qui bona donavit Hrres51pibus, 4;t '.,aret 5lemi ;u", 'U'llIi.H ctjl!su, dUID p""olat citate Flaminiam; (puer Automedon nam lora tenebat,

laccr'natre q±mm se "micre. , .• Nonne libet medio ceras implere cap~es C;· ')

r qumn jam ssnta cnE'nice fnfsLur indn p,dens, nudH prene

Et multum referens de Mrecenate supino "e lanium begtnm 1

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.;" ... "" Exiguis tabulis et gemma fecerat·uda r 60 O'3nurritmatrotr,7t potens, qure, mnlle

'HY,,4- viro trniscet gitiente ru1>etal11, Instituitque rudes melior Locusta propinquas

fam7±±z± et nHhrre Y±±Y'±'itos. Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum, 65 nis e',3,<1 aliquis probitas laml"wr et nlget.

Criminihus debent hortos, prretoria, mensa~; Argentum vetus, et stantem extra pocula capl'um,

p,diur dnE'Enire cGmuptor ag7me, Quem sponsre turpes et prretextatns adulter? 70

natur', Gegat, l;",ita¥,rsum, (:;!'ualemcunque potest, quales ego vel Cluvienus.

Ex quo Deucalion, nimbis tol\,;ntibus ;oquo"

4 D. JUMI JUVENALIS . Navigio montem ascendtt sortesque poposcit, Paulatimque anima caluerunt mollia saxa, Et maribu~ pudas ostendit Pyrrba puellas ; Quidquid agunt bomines, vOlum, timor, ira, voluptas, Gaudia, discursus, nostri est farrago libelli. , . Et quando uberior vitiorum copia? quando Major avaritiz patuit sinus? ale a quando ," Hos animos? Neque enim loculis comitantibus itur' Ad casum tabulle, posita sed luditur area. Prrelia quanta iIIic dispens.a~ore videbis .' ii' ',' ,ti Armigero! Simplexne furor sestertia centum Perdere, et borrenti tunicam non reddere servo?

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85 Quis totidem erexit villas? quis fer~\Jla septem ,~~J', L: Secreto crenavit avus? Nunc sportula primo L.: Limine parva sedet, turble rapienda togatle. TIle tamen faciem prius inspicit, et trepidat, De Suppositus venios, a6 falso nomine pose as. Agniius accipies. Jubet a prrecone vocari '" Ipsos Trojugenas = nam vexant limen et ipsi Nobiscum. Da prletori, da deinde tribuno; Sed libertinus prior est. Prior, inquit, ego adsum. Cur limeam dubitemve locum defendere, quamvis

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95 Natus ad Euphraten, molles quod in aure fene_strre :' I'{ (1

Arguerint, lice.. ipse negem ? Sed quinque tabemle Qua~ringenta parant. Quid confert pl!rpUra major Optandum, si Laurenti custodit in agro Conductas Corvinus oves? Ego possideo plus Pallante et Licinis. Exspectent ergo tribuni ; Vincant divitile: sacro nec cedal bonori, Nuper in bane urbem pedibus qui venerat albis;

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SATlRA I. 6

Quandoquidem inter nos sanctissinlli Divitiuum Majestas: etsi, funesta Pecunia, templo' ,: .. , .. ' ~," 106 Nondum habitas, nullas nummorum ereximus aras, Ut colitur Pax, atque Fides, Victoria, Virtus, Qureque salutato crepj.tat Concordia nido .... 1._.""/(!': .

Sed quum summus honor finito comp~tet anno, l c { ,

Sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat ; 110 Quid facient comites, quibus hinc toga, calceus hiDC est, Et panis, fumusque domi? Densissima centum Quadrantes lectica petit, sequiturque maritum Languida, vel pnegnans, et circumducitur uxor. Hic petit absenti, Rota jam caIlidus arte, ';..-,.! 115 Ostendens vacuam et clausam pro conjuge sellam. Galla mea est, inquit. Citius dimitte. Moraris? Profer, Galla, caput. Noli vexare ; quiescit.

Ipse dies pulchro distinguitur ordine rerum: Sportula, deinde forum, jurisque peritus Apollo, 120 Atque triumphales, inter quas ausus habere .J. :.l<- .; . " '

Nescio quis titulos lEgyptius atque Arabarches.Vestibulis abeunt veteres lassique clientes . Votaque deponunt, quanquam longissima crenre

. Spes homioi. C8Jlles miseris atque ignis emendus. 125 Optima silvart1m interea pelagique vorabit Rex horum, vacuisque toris taDtum ipse jacebit. " Nam d~ tot pulchris et latis or~ibus et tam "J:,.<.~

Antiquis una comedunt patrimonia mensa. Nullus j~m parasitus erit! Sed quis ferat istas 130 Luxurire so~es? Quanta est gl!la, qum sibi totos I .

Ponit apros, animal propter convivia Datum! Prena tamen prresens, quum tu deponis amictus

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6 D. JUNII JUVENALIS'

,-IL •. _, Turgidus, at crudum pavonem in balnea portas. '", " :,' .

Hin~ subitre mortes atque intestata senectus. J 35 It nova, nee tristis, per cunctas fabola camas: Ducitur iratis plaudendum funos amicis.

Nil erit ultelius, quod nostris moribus addat Posteritas: eadem cupient facientque minores. • .' Omne in prrecipiti vitium stetit. Utere velis; (., .. ·140 Totos pande sinus. Dicas 'bie forsitan, unde ! r; .' q" • Tngenium par materire? unde ilia priorom Scribendi, quodcunque animo flagrante liberet, . ., I, iu

Simpjicitas, cujus.non audeo dicere nomen? Quid refert dictis ignoscat Modus, an nan? / • .{" / ": ,145 Pone Tigellinum: treda. lucebis in illa, Qua. stantes ardent, qui fixo gutture fumant, Et latum media. sulcum diducis arena. Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis ac0!!ita, vehatur f..-'~'"~ ~ Pensilibus pl.!l.mis,atque minc despiciat nos? .,; '. 150 Quum veniet contra, digito com pesce labellum. Accusator erit, qui verbum dixerit, hic e!!!. lL.. ) .. , \' . I •

Securus licet iEneam Rutulumque ferocem ;. , ~. :,. ,Committas: nul1i gravis est percussus Achilles, \ \

Aut multum quresitus Hylas umamque sequutus. Ense velut stricto quoties Lucilius ardens lofremuit, rubel auditor, cui frigida mens est Crimioibus; tacita. sudant prrecordia culpa. Inde irre et lacrymre. Tecum prius ergo vol uta Hrec animo ante tqbas. Galeatum sera duelli Preoitet. Experiar, quid concedatur in ilIos, Quorum FJaminia. tegitur cinis atque Latina.

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SATIaA. II.

SATIRA II. / i

ULTRA. Sauromatas fugere hiDc libel et glacialem Deeanum, quoties aliquid de moribus audent, Qui Curios simulaut et Bacchanalia vivunt. Indocti primtim; quanquam plena omnia gypso

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Chrysippi invenias. Nam perfectissimus horum est, 5 Si quis Aristotelem similem vel Pittacon emit

• ; (, l ~ Et jubet archetypos pl"!teum se~!are Cleanthas. ; Fronti nulla fides. Quis enim non vicus abundat

~.!<.fL Tri~tibus obscrenis? Castigas tu~pia?- /' 6.'t il •• eLI ~'rl ~oripedem rectus derideat, lEthiopem albus. J 0

Quis tulerit Gracchos de seditione querentes ? Quis crelum terris non misceat et mare crelo, Si fur displiceat Verri? homicida Miloni ? Clodius accuset mrechos? Catilina Cethegum ?

'vi: '~/l.~. In ta~ulam Sullm si dicant discipuli tres? ., ' 15 Qualis erat nuper tragico pollutus adulter

uU'I'l.,,,~on.cubitu, qui tunc leges revocabat amaras ~t> • Omnibus, atque ipsis Veneri Martique timendas.-

Nonne igitur jure ac merito vitia ultima fictos , :'e '. ·Contemnunt Seauros, et castigata remordent? 20

Non tulit ex illis torvum Lauronia qu~nda~ Clamantem toties: Ubi nunc lex Julia? dormis? Ad quem subridens: Felicia tempora, qum te Moribus opponunt! Habeat jam Roma pudorem ! Tertius e crelo cecidit Cato. Sed tamen un de 25 Hrec emis, hirs_uto spirant opobalsama collo

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8 D. JUNlI JUVENALIS

Ql1te tibi? Ne pudeat dominum monstrare tabernre. Q 'd . I . .. \ I '

UO Sl vexantur eg~s ac Jura, cltarl ~ -'-"'! ' l i' -'

Ante omnes debet Scatinia. Respice primum, Et scrutare viros: faciunt hi plura; sed illos 30 Defendit numerus junCtalque um~one phalanges. • -I-< ---

Magna inter moUes concordia. Non erit uHum Exemplum in nostro tam detestabile sexu. N l1nquid nos agimus causas? civilia jura Novimus? aut uUo strepitu fora vestra movemus ? S5 Luctantur paucre; com~dunt col\phia paucre. ,( ~, lel';'~' Vos lanam trahitis, calathisque peracta ref~tis " Vellera: vos tenui prregnantem sta'!1ine fusum, '1' ."; - i.«.'

Penelope melius, leviUs torquetis Arachne, 'f" " , , ,(

Horrida quale facit residens in codice peJlex. ".' 40 !,. Notum est, cur solo tabulas impleverit Hister Liberto; dederit vivus cur multa puellre. Dives erit, magno qUIe dormit tertia Jecto. ' Tu nube atque tace: donant arc~na cylindros. ,1'-)-De nobis post hrec tristis sententia fertur : 45 Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas.

Fugerunt trejlidi vera ae manifesta canentem Stolcidre. Quid enim falsi Lauronia ? Sed quid Non ~cient alii, quum tu multicia sumas, t', Cretice, et banc vestem populo mirante perores ~ 50 In Proculas et Pollitas ? Est mooch a Labulla : Damnetur, si vis, etiam Carfinia: talem Non sumet damna,ta togam. Sed Julius ardet; lEstuo. Nudus agas! MinUs est insania turpis. En habitum, quo te leges ac jura ferentem 55 Vulneribus crud is popl,llus mod9 victor, et illud

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Mzzntanunz nndiretndguz; zzz;zztris. Quid non proclames, in corPore judicis ista Si videas ? Qurero, an deceant multicia testem ?

et libertz,zinque ",z'gisteZ'z Cretice, perluces. Dedit hanc contagio labem, .t..! "" t

Et dabit dlures sicm dz'ex in adntz U nius scabie cadit et porrigine porci, Uvaque conspecta livQrem ducit ab uva. " ..

.... , F",dius doc nndebis nmiCl.ZA, N emo repente venit turpissimus. Accipient te pzwlatimz }ondn domi suz'mnt Frontibus, et toto posuere monilia collo, l...... I :' ,.< to- '( )

Atzjue Bonnm tenn,'" pla,zzznt' abdnwine Fni'ere, Et wagnn ni"terntFeam. Sed mnre ~ t Exagitata procul non intrat fremina limen. ( , SFi~ ara Dnre mai'ibus p"Zz;z. Ita nMot;",,,,

Clamatur: nullo gemit hic tibicina COfDl.l.

Talia seczez;;; cobemnt tredf±

tznliti }zi";Ytare Cetytto. llIe supercilium madida fuligine tactum Obliqua prc,ducit pind;itque Ltr'EtKf!entcz; Attollens oculos: vitreo bibit ille Priapo, RcticulumzjttR, comiE aurctiAiYt implet, CErl'clea imhttus scu!lIlata, aut galbana rasa, ' ' 80 Et per Junonem domini jurante ministro. lib tunet patbiF ESeSit8Y1(l¥3tr1 Actoris Aurunci spolium, quo se ilIe vidl'bat Ay'mtttum, quum tolli c4;;xilla HESC memm'anda novis annalibus, atque recenti 85

Historia, spe,culum civilil,l sarcina belli.

10 D. JUNII JUVENALIS

Nimirum summi duds est oceidere Galbam Et curare cutem; summi constantia civis Bebriaci in campo .spolium afi"ectare Palau Et pressum in faciem digitis extend ere panem. 90 Quod nec in Assyrio pharetrata Semiramis orbe, Mcesta nec Actiaca fecit Cleopatra carina. Hic nuUus verbis pudor aut reverentia menSle. Hic turpis Cybeles et fracta voce loquendi

. Libertas, et crine senes: fanaticus albo 95 Sacrorum antistes, rarum ac memorabile magni GuU-uris es:emplum, cooducendusque magister. Quid tamen exspectant, Phrygio quos tempus erat jam More supervacuam cultris abrumpere camem ?

! / Quadringenta dedit Gracchus sestertia, dotem t/.t'.t ));00

, "': .. Corn~cini; sive hie recto cantaverat lere.· . Signatle tabule: dictum Feliciter! logens Ccena sedet: gremio jacuit nova nupta mariti. o proceres, censore opus est an haruspice nobis? Scilicet horreres, majoraque monstra putares, 105 Si mulier vitulum, vel si bos ederet agnum ? ~Segmenta, et longos habitus, et Hammea sumit, I '

. Arcano qui sacra ferens nutantia loro Sudavit clypeis ancilibus. 0 pater Urbia, Unde nefas tantum Latiis pastoribus? unde 110 Hlec tetigit, Gradive, tuos urt!ca nepotes? (t! ; ri. ,~ Traditur ecce viro clarus genere atque opibus vir : Nec galeam quasaas, nec ten:am cuspide pulsas, Nec quereris patri? Vade ergo et cede severi :1

J ugeribus campi, quem negligia! Officium cras 11 i Pl"im'o sole mihi peragendum in valle Quirini.

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Qure causa officii? Quid qureris? Nubit amicus, .. !,t<.Nec multos adbibet. Liceat modo vivere ; fient,

Fient ista paIam, cupient et in acta re(erri. ',. '.' I' • {: . /

Interea tormentum ingens nubentibus breret, (. ,i· . . (. 120 Quod nequeunt parere, e.t partu retiQere maritos. Sed melius, quOd nil animisin. corpora juris Natura indulget. Sterijes moriuntur, et illis Turgida non prodest CODdi\a p~de Lyde, .) {t "

Nee prod est agili palmas~prreber;-Luperco. 125 Vicit et hoc .monstrum tunieati fuscina Graeebi, .. ,. ,.

Lustravitque fuga mediam gJadiatorarenam, Et Capitolinis generosior, et MarceJJis,

'-,Jlla. Et Catulis, Paullique minoribuf/, etFabiis, et J u,." Omnibus ad po~ium spectantibu$. .His licet ipsqrp 130 L-dJ I Adm,Eveas, cujus tunc mU!lere retia misit. ~"- ( ... ', i <

Esse aliquid Manes, et subterranea regna, I:~ Et co!l!um, et Stygio ranas in gurgite nigras,

Atque una transire vadum totmillia 'cymba, Nee pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum rere Javantur. J 35 Sed tu vera'puta. Curius quid senti:t, et ari)bo Scipiadre, quid Fabricius, manesque Camilli, Quid Cremerre legio, et Canniseonsumpta juventus, Tot bellorum animre, quoties hine talis ad illos Umbra venit? Cuperent lus.~ari, si qua darentur' 140 Sulphura cum tredis, et si foret bumida laurus. IUuc, heu! miseri tradueimur. Arma. quideUl ultra Littora Juvemre promoVimus, et modo captas Orcadas, ae minima c'ontentos nocte Britannos : Sed qUal nunc ~puli fiunt victoris in urhe, 145 NOD faeiunt illi, quos vieimus.-

]2 D. JVNIl .JUVENALlS

• SATIRA m.

QUAMVIS digressu veteris confusus amici, " ll.. '; .(, .'

Laudo tamen, va~uis quod sedem figere Cumis 14 'f ( f Destinet, atque unum civem donare Sibyllre. J Janua Baiarum est, et gratum littus amreni Secessus. Ego vel Prochytam prreponO-Suburre. Nam quid tam miserum, tam solum vidimus, ut non Deterids credas horrere incendia, lapsus

. Tectorum assidl1os, ac mille peric111a srevre Urbis, et Augusto recitantes mense poetas ? \

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Sed dum tota domus rheda componitur una, f), ,,': t 10 Substitit ad veteres arcusiPladidamque Capenam. 1 lk, Hi!!, ubi nocturnre Numa constituebat amicre, i< I ,>(1 (/..

Nunc sacri fontis nemus et delubra locantur ' Judreis quorum cophinus frenumque sllpellex. (Omnis enim populo mercedem pendere jussa est Arbor, et ejectis mendicat silva Camrenis.) ,"'. ~. In vaIlemEgerire de~cendimus, et speluneas " Dissimiles veris. Quante, prrestantius e~set Numen aqure, viridi si margine clauderet undas Herba, nec ingenuum violarent marmora tophum ? Hic tunc U mbricius, Quando artibus, ioquit, honestis Nullus in Urbe locus, nulla emolumenta laborum, Res hodie minor est, here quam fuit, atque eadem eras

. Deteret exiguis aliquid : proponimus illue Ire, fatigatas ubi Dredalus e~uit alas, I " ' .

Dum nova canities, dum prima et recta senectus,

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SATIRA UL

Dum superest Lachesi, quod torqueat, et pedibus me Porto meis, nullo dextram subeunte bacino. Cedamus patria: vivant Artorius isdc

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Et Catulus: maDeaDt, qui nigrum in candida vertunt, 30 Quis facile est edem cond~cere, fiumina, portus, . Siccandam el~em, portandum ad busta cadaver, j<-nc. ~

Et prrebere caput domina venale sub ·hasta. Quondam hi comicines, et municipalis arenre Perpetui comites, notre que per oppidabucce, ) I'r.·:.! ,,35 Munera DUDe edunt, et verso pollice vulgi Quem' libet occidunt populariter: inde rev~rsi '1...~. I It-: ' ( ,

" ~ Conducunt {oricas; et cur non omnia l quum sint, ' : .. " .! <.

Quales ex hu~ili magna ad fastigia rerum (i: L~)' Extollit, quoties voluit Fortuna Jo~ari. : Quid Romre {aciam? Mentiri nescio: librum, Si malus est, nequeo laudare et poscere: motus Astrorum ignoro: funus promittere patris Nee volo, nec possum: ranarum viscera nunquam Inspexi. Ferre ad nuptam, qure mittit adulter,

:. -'it'. Qure mandat, nOrunt alii: me nemo ministro .' Fur eri~ atque ideo nolli comes ex eo, tanquam

1(. ,,', Mancus, et exstinctre corpus Don utile dextrm. Qui~ nunc diljg~tur, nisi conscius, et cui {ervens ~ f ., '

lEstuat occultis animus, semperque tacendis? Nil tibi se debere putat, nil conferet unquam, Participem qui te secreti fecit.honesti .

. Carus erit Verri, qui Verrem tempore, quo vult, Accusare potesta Tanti tibi non sit opaci , (

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Omnis arena Tagi, quodque in mare volvitur aurum~ 55 Ut somoo careas, pooendaque prremia sumas IL"' •..

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Tristis, et a magna semper tim~aris amico. L /.U, lI"

Qure nunc divitibus gens acoeptissima nostris, Et quos pnecipue fugiam, properabo fateri, Nec pudor obstabit. Non possum ferre, Quirites, 60 Grrecam orbem :' quamvis quota portio. frecjs Achrei ? tLt.,., Jam pridem Syrus in Tiberim deBuxit Orontes, Et linguam, et mores, et cum tibicine chord as ObJiquas, nec non gentiJia tympana sacum '. \ : . I .

Vexit, et ad Circum jussas prostare puelJas. Ite, quibus grata est picta. Iupa barbara .mitra. I

Rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, Quirine, Et cero!Datico fert niee.teria collo. (, ~.

Hie alta. SicyoDe, ast hic Amydone relict&., Hie Andro, ilIe Samo, hic Trallibus, aut Alabandis, Esquilias dictumque petunt a vi mine ~ollem, Viscera magnarum domuum dominique futuri. Ingenium velox, audacia perdita, sermo Promptus et Isreo torrentior. Ede, quid ilium

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Esse putes? quemvis hominem sacum attulit ad nos : 75 Grammaticus, rhetor, geometres, piclor, aliptes, Augur, schrenobales, me~icus, magus: omnia novit. Grreculus esurlens in crelum, jusseris, ibit. Ad summam, non Maurus erat, neque Sarmata, nec Thrax, Qui sumpsit pennas, mediis sed natus Athenis. 80 Horum ego non fugiam eonch11ia r Me prior ille Signabit? fultusque toro meliore recumbet ::,,' Advectus Romam, quo pruna et cottana vento r -Usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia crelum Hausit Aventinum bacca outrita Sabina r Quid, quOd adulandi gens prudentissima laudat .

85

SATIRA III.

Sermonem indocti, {aciem deformis amici, Et longu·m invalieli collum eervicibus IIlquat Herculis, Aotlilum procul a tellure tenentis f-

15

Hme eadem licet et nobis laud are: sed illis 90 Creditur.~Antiochus nee erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles, aut cum'molli Demetrius Hlilmo • • Natio commrla est. Rides? meliore caehinno (~.,,:!.

Concuiitur: fiet, si lacrymas conspexit anrlei, Nec dolet: ignieulum brumlll si tempore poseas, !-!' . 95 Accipit endromiden: si dixeris, IBstuo, sudat. . , . Non sumos ergo pares: melior, qui semper et omni Nocte elieque potest alienum sumere vultum, . A facie jactare'manus, laudare paratus.-

. Scire voluot seereta domOs atque inde timeri. J 00 / . ;' Et qllOniam erepit Grlllcorum mentio, transi !Gymnasia, atque aueli {acinus majoris abolllB.

Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum '. Discipulumque senex, ripa nutritus in ilIa, Ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est pinna caballi. ' . . 105 Non est Romano cuiquam locus hie, ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis; vel Diphilus, aut Erimarchus, Qui gentis vitio nunquam partitur amicum, Solus habet. Nam quum faeUem stillavit in aurem Exiguum de naturlll patrireque veneno, 110 Limine submoveor: perierunt tempora longi Servitii. N usquam minor est jactura clienris. Quod porro officium, ne 'nobis blandiar, aut quod Pauperis hie meritum, si curet Docte togatus Currere, quum prllltor lictorem impellat, et ire 115 Precipitem jubea~ dudum vigilantibus orbis, . , .


Ne prior AIbinam et Modiam collega salutet?- l' Da testem ,Romre tam sanctam, quam· fuit hosp~s r..!

Numinis Idrei: procedat vel Numa, vel qui Servavit trepidam flagranti ex rede Minervam : 120 Protenus ad censum, de moribus ultima fiet Qurestio. Quot pascit servos? quat possidet agri Juger!!? quam muita magnaque paropside crenat? Quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in arca, Tantum habet et fidei. Jures licet et Samothracum l~ Et nostrorum aras; contemnere fulmina pauper Creditur atque deos, dis ignoscentibus ipsis. . Quid, quOd materiam prrebet causasque jocorum Omnibus hic idem, si freda et scissa lacerna, Si toga sordidula est, et rupta calceus alter 130

• Pelle patet; vel si CQnsuto vulnere craS!lum ( r ~ ,,: Atque recens linum ostendit non una cicatrix ? Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, Quam quOd ridiculos homines facit. Exeat, inquit, Si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri, :. c_ ' 135 Cujus res legi non Bufficit, et sedeant hic Lenonum pueri quocunque in fornice nati. Hic plaudat nitidi prreconis filius inter Pinnirapi cultos juvenes, juvenesque lanistre. i ,<!,:

Sic libitum vano, qui nos distinxit, Otboni. 140 Quis gener hic placuit censu minor, atque puellre Sarcinulis impsr? quis pauper scribitur hreres ? Quando in consilio est redilibus? Agmine facto Debuerant olim tenues migrasse Quirites. . i ' , ,

Haud facile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obsta~ 146 Res'an~sta domi; sed Romll1 dUnOf Ull~

.... ,," \ 1

SATIRA U1.

Conatus: magna hospitium miserabile, magna Servorum ventres, et frugi comuIa magno. I

"'FL" :14.Fic~bus creoare pudel, quod tDrpe oegavit

17

Traoslatlls subitO ad Marsos mensamque Sabellam, 150 Contentusque illic Veneto duroque cucullo. ;,-,_,!,

r::::- P~ magna' Italim est, si verum admittimus, in qua Nemo togam sumit, nisi mortuus. Ipsa dierum Festorum herboso co1i!ur si quando theatro ,.

, Majestas, tandemque redit ad pulpita Dotum !' ,'~, 155 t! f',~ , Exo~um, quum p£'rsonm pallen tis hiatum 10 gremio matris formidat rusticus infans ; lEquales habitus ilIie, similesque videbis Orchestram at populum: elari velamen honoris, Sufficiunt tunicm summis mdilibus albm. 160 Hie ultra vires habitus nitor: hie aliquid plus" 'i,,'

Quam satis est, interdum aliena sumitur arca. Commune id vitium est. Hic vivimus ambitiosa Paupertate orones. Quid te moror? Omnia Romm Cum pretio. Quid das, ut Cossum aliquando salutes? Ut te respieiat clauso Veiento labelIo? 166

J-J Jlle metitbarbam, erinem hie deponit amati. Plena domus libis venalibus. Aeeipe, et istud Fermentum tibi habe: prmstare tributa clientes Cogi~ur, et eultis au~ere peculia servis. 170 Quis timet, aut timuit gelida Prmneste ruinam,

. Aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis, aut Simplieibus Gabiis, ant proni Tiburis arce ? Nos urbem eolimllS tenui tibicine Cultam Magna parte sui. Nam sic labentibus obstat 175 ViHicus, et veteris rimm quum texit hiatum,

2*


Securos pendente jubet dormire ruin&.. Vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, Dulli Nocte metus. Jam poscit aquam, jam frivola transfert Ucalegon; tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant : 180 Tu nescis. Nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, Ultimus ardebit, quem tegula sola tuetur A pluvia, moUes ubi reddunt ova columbe.

-~ Lectus erat Codro Proeula minor, urceoli sex, Ornamentum abaci, nee non et par,vlllus infra ' 185 Cantharus, et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiron ; Jamque vetus Grecos servabat cista libellos, ,. Et divina Opici rodebant carOlina mil res. Nil habuit Codrus: quis enim tlegat? et tamen illud Perdidit infelix totum nihil: ultimus autem 190

,:lErumnre cumulus, quod nudum, et frusta rogantem Nemo cibo, nemo hospitio, tectoque juvabit. Si magna Asturii cecidit domus: horrida mater, Pullati proceres, differt vadimonia prretor. /, Tunc gemimus casus UI'bis, tunc odimus ignem. Ardet adhuc, et jam occurrit, qui marmora donet, Conferat impensas. Hic nuda et candida signa, Hic ali quid prreclarum Euphranoris et Polycleti; " Hrec Asianorum vetera ornamenta deorum, \ " ,\ " ' Hic libros dabit, et forulos, mediamque Mint;rvam, Hic modium argenti. Meliora ac plura reponit Persicus orborum lautissimus et merito jam , Suspectlls, tanquam ipse suas incenderit redes. Si potes avelli Circensibus, optima Sou~ Aut Fabraterire domus aut Frusinone paratur, Quanti nunc tenebras unum conducis- in annum.

195

200

205

SATIRA III. . I ' ~

Hortulus hie, puteusque brevis, nec reste' movendus, In lenues plantas facili diffunditur haustu.

" ... .i.'.,Yive bidentis amans, et culti villicus horti ;

19'

, Unde epulum possis centum dare Pythagorleis. 210 Est aliquid, quoounque loco, quocunque recessu, UDius sese dominum fecisse IaceM. ,.-(.', t, r~J

I I Plurimus hie legar moritur vigilando: sed ilium Languorem peperit cibus imperfectus et hlerens ~,{""

{.( L.' ' .. Ardenti stomacho: N am qUill me!itoria somnum215 \ . Admittunt? Magnis opibus dormitur in Urbe:

Inde caput morbi. Rhedarum transitus. arcto Vicorum in flexu, et stantis convicia mandrm Eripient somnum Druso, vitulisque, marinis. Si vocat officium, turba. cedente vehetur 220 Dives, et ingenti curret super ora Liburno, Atque objter leget, aut scribat, vel dormiet intus; (,-' L

Namque facit somnum elausa lectica fenestra. Ante tamen veniet: nobis properantibus obstat Unda prior: magno populus premit agmine lumbos, 225

,~\" Qui sequitut". Ferit hie cu~ito, ferit assere duro Alter; at hie tignum capiti incutit, ilIe metretam. /\ \ ' ; { Pinguia crura luto; planta. mox undique magna. "

'. '. Cal~or, et in.digito cl~vus mihi militis hleret. \ .r .. ;

Nonne vides, quanto celebretur sportula fumo ? 230 Centum convivle: sequitur sua quemque cuJina. . . t' Corbulo vix: ferret tot vasa ingentia, tot res lmpositas capiti, quas recto vertice portat

• )J' Ser,:u~us infelix, et CUl'S1l ventilat ignem. ', .. :", Scindllntur tunicle sartle: modo longa corllscat 235

Sarraco·veniente. abid, atque altera pinum."

D • .JUNII .JUVENALIS

Plaustra vehunt, nutant altal populoque minantur. Nam si procubuit, qui saxa Ligustica portat, Axis, et eversum fudit super agmina montem, Quid superest de corporibus? quis membra, quis ossa Invenit? Obtritum vulgi perit omne cadaver 241 More animre.· Domus interea secura.patellas Jam lavat, et bucca foculum excitat, et sonat unctis ~triglibus, et pleno coroponit lin~ea gutto. . )( C' ,: j, " ~

Hmc inter pueros varie properantur: at ilIe Jam sedet in ripa, tetruroque novicius horret

,

246

.,'" Porthmea, nee sperat cren05i gurgitis alnum, Infelix, nee habet, quem porrigat, ore trientem.

" .

Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis : Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum

, Testa ferit, quoties rimosa et CU.!18 fenestris ~'t't I •

Vasa cadant; qURl!to pel'cussum pondere signeDt Et lredant silicem. Possis ignavus haberi Et subiti casUs improvidus, ad crenam si Intestatus eas. Adeo tot fata, quot ilia Nocte patent vigiles, te prretereunte, fenestrre. Ergo optes, votumque feras miserabile tecum,

, Ut siut contentre patulas defundere pelves. r / Ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit, Dat prenas, noctem patiturlugentis amicum Pelidre, cubat in faciem, mox deinde supinus. Ergo non aliter poterit dormire? Quibusdam Somnuro rixa facit: sed, quamvis improbus annis, Atque mero fervens, cavet hunc, quem coccina Irena Vitari jubet, et comitum-Iongissimus ordo, Multum prreterea tlammarum atque renea lampas.

250

I (I

255

260

SATIRA III.

Me, quem luna solet deducere, vel breve lumen Candelre, cujus dispenso et tempero filum,

"~'.J.'-J Contemnit. Misel're cognosce prooo.!Dia rixre, Si rixa est, ubi ttl pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. I ,

Stat contra, starique jubet; parere necesse est. Nam quid agas, quum te furiosus cogat, et idem

"-.... ~I, ,Fortior? Unde vems? exc1amat: cujus aceto, Cujus conche tumes? quis tecum sectile porrum Sutor et elixi vervecis labra comedit? NIl mihi respondes? Aut die, aut aeeipe ealeem ! Ede, ubi consistas: in qua te qurero proseucha? ..

I"

". ' '. Dicere si tentes aliquid, tacitusve recedas, Tanttmdem est; feriunt pariter: vadimonia deiode

21

270

275

Irati faciunt. Libertas pauperis hrec est :.~.( 260 Pulsatus rogat~ et pugnis concisus adorat, ' Ut liceat paueis cum dentibus inde reverti.

Nec tamen hlllC tantUm metuas: nam, qui spoliet te, Non deerit, clausis domibus, postquam'omnis ubique Fixa catenatre siluit compago tabemre. 285 Interdum et ferro subitus grassator agit rem, Armato quoties tutre custode tenentur Et Pomtina palus et Gallinaria pinus. Sic inde huc omnes, tanquam ad vivaria, currunt. Qua fomace graves,'qua non incude catenlll? 290 Maximus in vinclis ferri modus, ut timeas, ne Vomer deficiat, ne marrre et sarcula desint. Felices proavorum atavos, felicia dicas Srecula, qure quondam sub regibus atque tribunis Viderunt uno contentam carcere Romam. 205

His alias poteram et plures subnectere causas :

"

D. JUNII JUVENALIS

Sed jumenta vocant, et sol inelinat: eundum est; Nam mihi eommota jamdudum mulio virga .~" " ' Annuit. Ergo vale nostri memor, et, quoties te Rama tuo re6ei properantem reddet Aquino, 300 Me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Dianam Convelle a Cumis. Satirarum ego, Di pudet illas, Adjutor gelid os veniam ealigatus in agl'Os.

SATIRA IV. (

. ,

ECCE iterum Crispin us ! et est mihi smpe vocandus Ad partes, monstrum Dulla. virtute redemptum . A vitUs, reger, solaque libidine fortis.~ . Quid refert igitur, quantis jumenta fatiget Porticibus? quanta nemorum vectetur in umbra? 6 Jugera quot vicina foro, quas emerit redes? Nemo malus felix; minime corruptor, et idem Incestus, cum quo nuper vittata jacebat, ,'-( .i! {. I. . ' , " \ t •.

Sanguine adhuc vivo terram subitura, sac~dos. Sed nunc de factis levioribus: et tamen alter 10 Si fecisset idem, caderet sub judice morum. Nam quod tllrpe bonis, Titio Seioque, decebat Crispinum. Quid agas, quum dira et fredior omni Crimine persona est? MuUum sex millibus emit, lEquantem sane paribus sestertia Itbris, 15

Ut perhibeot, qui de magnis majora loquuntur. Consilium laudo arti6cis, si munere tanto . P~cipuam in tabulis cerarn senis ,,-bstulit.orbi.

8A.TIRA IV.

Est ratio ulterior, magnlB si misit amiclB, '" : f ,Que vehitur clauso latis specularibus antra.

'Nil tale exspectes: emit sibi. Multa videinus, QUIB miser et ti-ugi non Cecit Apicius. Hoc to . . Succinctus patria quondam, Crispine, papyro? Hoc pretia squamlB? Potuit Cortasse minoris Piscator, quam piscis, emi. Provincia tanti Vendit agros; sed majores Apulia vendit. Quales tunc epulas ipsum glutisse putemus Induperatorem, quum tot sestertia, partem

A.l'l,C Exiguam et modiclB sumptam de margine camlB, I

Purpureus magni ructant scurra Palati, Jam princeps equitum, magna qui voce solebat Vendere municipes pacta mercede siluros?

Ic~ -tf-l'.lncipe, Calliope, licet et considere: non est Cantandum, res vera agitur.' Narrate, puellm Pierides: prosit mihi vos dixisse puellas !

J Quum jam semianimum laceraret Flavius orbem

Ultimus, et calvo serviret Roma N eroni, .f.aA.t I Incidit Adriacispa!i~m admirabile rhombi

• Ante domum Veneris, quam Dorica sustinet Ancon, ";J Implevitque s~us: neque erum minor hmserat illis, :" ': ~ Quos operit glacies MlBotica,ruptaque tandem

Solibus effilDdit torpentis ad ostia Ponti ., Desidia tardos et longo frigore pingues. .." Destinat hoc monstrum cymbm linique magister ~onti6.ci summo. Quis enim proponere talem

,I Aut emere auderet, quum plena et littora multo ~ .. Delatore ~rent? Dispersi protenus algl~ C ~ /,

Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo,

20

25

30

35

40

45

'UI"

D • .JUNII JUVENALIS

Non dubitaturi fugitivum dicere piscem, Depastumque diu vivaria Cresaris, inde f-L~I-, ',I.,. .. {' 50 Elapsum veterem ad dominum debere reverti. Si quid Palfurio, si credimus ArmiIIato, . Quidquid conspicuum, pulchrumque est requore toto,

. Res fisci est, ubicunque natat. l>onabitur ergo, , ,

. Ne pereat. Jam letifero ce~ente pruinjs .~'( ,If!. •. 55 Autumno, jam quart~nam sperantibus. regris: d Ii {! ·i.

' .. Stridebat def~rmis hiems, prredamque recentem Servabat: tamlm hic properat, velut urgeat Auster •

' .. ' t.u..

• I Utque lacus suberant, ubi, quanquam diruta, servat . ignem Trojanum, et Vestam colit Alba minorem, Obstitit intranti miratrix turba parumper. ".: '" .. --- t,,·

Ut cessit, facili patuerunt cardine valvre. J~, " ~;

J

60

Exclusi spectant ad~issa op~~nia Patres. ! t. ~ r ,. }'. r '''1 [. ~ Itur ad Atridem. Tum Picens, Accipe, dixit,

, ': ... " Privatis majora focis: geEialis agatur fL I,: ( .' ~:

Iste dies, propera stomachum laxare sag~nis, '. tfl .!

Et tua servatum consume in srecula rhombum. Ipse capi voluit. Quid apertius? et tamen illi :.

~ Surgebant cristre. Nihil est, quod credere de se' Non possit, quum laudatur dis requa potestas. Sed aeerat pisci patinre me~sura. Vocantur .. «(, . :. ,(

Ergo in consilium proceres, quos oderat ille ; In quorum fa~ikliserre magnreque sedebat Pallor amicitire. Primus, clamante Liburno,

65

70

Currite ! jam sedit! rapta properabat abolla (: -. ' .. '. 75 , ... ' .. ;',. Pegasus, attonilre positus modo viIIicus Ul'bi.

Anne aliud tunc prrefecti? quorum "";;ptimus atque Interpres legum sanctissimus, omnia quanquam

SATIAA IY. 25

Tcmporibus .diris tractanda putabat incrmi Justitia. Venit et Crispi jucunda senectus, 80

~ : k Cujus erant mores, qu~~is fQ"'J~~ia, mite , Ingenium. Maria ac terras populosque regenti Quis comes utilior, si clade et 'peste sub illil

.t.t ..... S83vitiam damnare et honestum afferre liceret Consilium? . Sed quid violentius aure tyranni, 85 Cum quo de pluviis, aufrestibus, aut.. nimboso Vere loquuturi fatum pendebat amici f Ine igitur nunquam direxit brachia contra Torrentem; nee civis erat, qui lib era posset

~ ... :.!'yerba animi proferre, et vitam imp~ndere vero. 90 Sic multas hiemes atque octogesima vidit Solstitia; his armis, ilIa quoque tutus in aull. Proximus ejusdem properabat Acilius revi Cum juvene, indigno, quem mors' tam S83va maneret, ~t domini gladiis tam festioata: sed oI.im ,,\It<! L. Ill.gj. Prodigio par est cum ~obilitate senectus; I

Unde fit, ut malim fraterculus esse gigantis. Profuit ergo nihil misero, quod cominus ursos Figebat Numidas, AlbanO. nudus arena Venator. Quis enim jam non intelligat artes 100 Patricias f quis priscum iIlud miretur acumen, Brute, tuum f Facile est barbato imponere regi. Nee melior vullu, quamvis ignobilis, ibat Rubrius, ofl'ensre veteris reus atqu.e tacendre, Et tamen impl'Obior satil'am scribente ciDredo. 105 l\-Iontani quoque venter adest abdomine tardus ; Et matutino sudans CrispiDl.!S amomo, ": >,

Quantum vix redolent duo fUDera; srevior illo 3

. "

~6 D. JUNII .JUVENALIS t

Pompeius tenui jl;1gulos aperire susurro, } t.· . '\ '\ ",', , • .J,.',

Et, qui vulturibus servabat viscera Daeis, 110 . Fuscus, marmorea meditatus prrelia villa, Et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo, Qui nunquam visle tlagrabat amore paellle ; Grande et conspicuum nostro quoque 'tempore monstrum ! CIeCUS adulator, dirusque a ponte satelles, ' 116 Dignus Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes, i Blandaque devexle jactaret basia rbedre. : Nemo magis rhombum stupuit :.pam plurima d.ixit In llevarn conversus; at illi dextrlt'jacebat BeIlua: Sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat, et ictus, _ 120 Et pegma, et pueros inde ad veJaria rap!os. LI,:·.t" ;. 'J!-:

Non cedit Veiento, sed, ut fanaticus, restro \.' Percussus, BeUona, tuo 4iYinat, et, Ingens Omen babes, inquit, magni clarique triumpbi : Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britawi'o 125 Excidet Arviragus: peregrina est beIlua: cemis Erectas in terga sudes ? Hoc defuit unum Fabricio, patriam ut rhombi memoraret et annos. f''\'..\

Quidnam igitur censes? conciditur? Absit ab ilIo ." " Dedecus hoc, Montanus ait: testa alta paretur,}, /" 130 QUIe tenui muro spatiosum colli gat orbem. Debetur magnus patinle subitusque Prometheus. Argillam atque rotam citius properate; sed ex hoc Tempore jam, Cresar, figuli tua castra sequantur. Vicit digna viro sententia. Noverat ilIe . 135 Luxuriam imperii veterem, noctesque Neronis jam medias, al,iamque famem, "quum pulmo Falemo Arderet. Nulli major fuit usus edeniH : '

:lAJ'1kA V.

Tempestate mea. Circeis nata forent, an Lucrinum ad saxum, Rutupinove edita fundo .... I ' " .. 140

,.)k.: I Ostrea, callebat primo'depl'endere morsu; --, tL. . Et semel adspecti littus dicebat ec,e.ini. ~ :.tt~ " ••

Surgitur, et misso proceres exire jubentur Concilio, quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem Traxerat attonitos et festinare coactos, 145 1;anquam de Cattis aliquid torvisque Sygambris Dicturus, tanquam et diversis partibus orbis . Anxia" prrecipiti venissat epistola pinna. " ~

Atque utinam his potiiIs nugis tota ilIe dedisset. , Tempora srevitire, claras quibus abstulit Urbi" 150

.. -_ ..

Dlustresque animas impune et vindice nullo! Sed periit, postquam cerdonibus esse timendus ", Creperat. Hoc. nocuit Lamiarum crede madenti.

' .. '~ ' .• t ";

SATIRA V •

-r SI te propositi nondum pudet, atque eadem cst mens, Ut bona summa putes, aliena vivere qua,dra; ( ~ 1

Si potes illa pati, qure nec Sarmentus iniquas Cresaris I,ld mensas, nec vilis Galba tulisset : Quamvis jurato metuam .tibi credere testi. I. 1',"

"". ; .• " Ventre nihil novi frugalius.. Hoc tamen ipsum De£ecisse puta, quod inani ~ufficit alvo : I."

N una ~repido vacat? nusquam pons, et tegetis pars . Dimidii b;~vior? Tantine injuria creore? ," Tam jejuna fames, quum pol sit bonestius ilIic'

~- , ~

tA~,L.'"

,)

.,',', I .

5

10


Et tremel'e, et so.rdes fal'ris mordere canini r , P"imo fige loco, quod tu discumbere jussus

Mercedem solidam veterum capis officiorum. Fructus amicitiro magnre cibus. Imputat bunc I'ex,

".

Et, quamvis rarum, tamen imputat, Ergo. duos post 15 Si Iibuit menses Ileglectum adhibere clientem, Tertia ne vacuo. cessaret culc.ita lecto.; : Una simus, ait. Votorum summa !Quid ultra Qureris? Habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum Debeat et ligulas dimittel'c, sollicitus, ne ; i. " • ·~O Tota salutatrix jam turba peregerit orbem Sideribus dubiis, aut illo tempore, quo se Frigida circumagunt pigri sarr.aca Bootre. }u., ~ r}." ~,~ II Qualis crena tamen? Villum, quo.d succida nc.i"lit ' Lana pati: de conviva COl)'banta \·idebis. Jurgia prol~dunt; sed mox et pocula torques .'.1.

Saucius, et rubra deterr;es vulnera mappa,;.,'; u.. . ;u.J{ .': l<~ Inter vos quoties libertol'umque co.hortelll Pugna Saguntio8. fervet commissa 1;lge1l8, (,,' _. , Ipse capillato diffusum consule potat, {~. . , , Calca amque tenet bellis socialiblls llVUlll, I .

CardiacQ nunquam cyathuIn missurus amico. Cras bibat Albanis aliquid de montibus alit do Setinis, cujus patriam titulumque senectus

Delevit multa veteris fuligine teste; . I , • (/' •

Quale co.ronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant Brutorum et Cassl natalibus. Ipse capaces Heliadum Cl'Ustas et inrequales Leryllo Virro fenet phialas: tibi non committitur allnJrn ; Vel, si quando dotur, custos affixu~ ibidem,

I 't. (

30

35

40

S4TIM V,

Qui numeral gemmas, ung~esque observet acutos. ) : Da veniam: prmclara illic laudatur iaspis. Nam Virro, ut multi, gemmas ad pocula trarisfert A digitis, quas in vaginre fronte solebat Ponere zelotypo juvenis prrelatus l arbre, Tu Beneve'iitani sutoris nomen babentem

:',. ;,;. Sieeabis ealicem nasorum quatuor, ae j am Quassatum, et rupto poseentem sulfura vitro. Si stomachus domini fervet vinoque ciboque, Frigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis.

Non eadem vobis poni modo vina querebar :

45

Vos aliam potatis aquam. Tibi pocula cursor 'n .i.< i.

Gmtulus dabit aut nigri manus ossea Mauri, Et cui per mediam nolis occurrere noctem,

r/;,;. Clivosre veheris dum per monumenta Latinm. Flos Asire ante ipsum, pretio majore paratus, Quam fuit et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci,

• .~ ~ I:. Et, ne te teneam, Romanomm omnia regum

. " ,

Frivola. Quod quum ita sit, tu Gretulum Ganymedem Respice, quum sities. Nescit tot millibus emptus60 Pauperibus rniscere puer: sed forma, sed retas" ,

.. Digna supe~ilio-: Quando ad te pervenit ille? Quando vocatus adest calidre gelidmque minister? Quippe indignatur veteri parere clienti, ' Quodque aliqliid poscas at quod se stante recumbas. 6~ Maxima qumque domus servis est plena superbis.

Ecce ali us quanta porrexit murmure panem lix fractum, solidm jam mucida frusta fariDm, ~um genuinum agitent, non admittentia morsum ! ;ed tener, et niveus, mollique siligine factus '.

3* -70

DigHizcd by Coog Ie


Servatur domino. Dextram eohibere memento. --...., Salva sit a!t0.ptal reverenti~. Finge tamen te

• Improbuluui; superest ilne; qui ponere eogat. Vis tu consuetis audax conviva eanistris Impleri, panisque tui novisse colorem ? 75 Scilicet hoc fuerat, propter quod, salpe relicta Conjuge, per montem adversum gelidasque cucurri Esquilias, fremeret SalVa quum grandine verous I! .

Jupiter, et multo stillaret palnula nimbo ! Adspice, quam longo distend at pectore Jancem, 80 QUal fertur domino, squilla, et quibus undique septa C'!i!

Asparagis, qua despiciat convivia cauda, QlJum venit excelsi manibus suMata ministri. , Sed tibi dimidio constrictus cammarus ovo [;\~(: .

Ponitur, exigua feralis crena patella. 85 Ipse Venafrano piscem perfundit: at hie, qui i", ... ,,~,.,.;,j. PalIidus afl'ertur misero tibi caulis, oJebit Laternam. Illud enim vestris datur ah'eolis, quod Canna Micipsarum prora subvexit acula ; Propter quod Romre cum Bocchare nemo lavatur, 90 Quod tutos etiam facit a serpentibus Afros. Mullus erit domino, quem misit Corsica, vel quem Tauromenitanre rupes, quando omne peractum est Et jam defecit nostrum mare, dum gula salvit, Retibus assiduis penitus scrutante macello 95 Proxima, nee patimur Tyrrhenum crescere piscem. Instruit ergo focum provincia: sumitur illinc Quod captator emat Lenas, Aurelia vendat. Vil'l'oni murrena datur, qure maxima venit GUl'gite de Siculo: nam, dum se continet Auster, 100

D,gitized by Coogle

SATlRA V.

Dum sedet et siccat madidas in carcere pennas, Contemnunt btediam temeruia.liQa Charybdim. ! .', " Vos anguilla manet longre (:ognata colubrm,

3J

Aut glacie adspersus maculis Tiberinus, et ipse .~_ V ~bula ripli"o:' .. inguis torrente cloaca, 105

I '1 Et solitus mlJ . . )7p!!lm penetrare Suburm . . 'l'" ~psi pauc:lverun,.'tacilem si prmbeat aurem. !, ~. Nemo petit, m~icis qum mittebantur amicis I A Seneca, qum Piso bonus, qum Cotta solebat

Largiri; namque et titulis et fascibus olim 1l0-

Major habebatur donandi gloria; solum Poscimus, ut crenes civiliter. Hoc face, et esto, Esto, ut n~nc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis . . Anseris ante ipsnm magnijecur, anseribus par

";.!" AltiIis, et flavi dignns ferro Meleagri Fu;;'at aper: post hunc tradentur tubera, si ver rune erit, et facient optata tonitrua crenas li"._

l. ',,~ , ,; Majores. Tibi habe frumentum, Alledius inquit, o Libye; disjtmge boves, dum tubera mittas !

. '.. Struc;torem interea, nequa indignatio desit, Saltantem spectes, et ~hironomonta volanti ; (t ) ,

Cultello, donee peragat dictata "magistri I

Omnia: nee minimo sane discrimine refert, Quo gestu lepores, et quo gallina secetur. Ducerill planta, velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus, Et ponere foris, si quid tentaveris ullquam

115

120

125

Riscere, tanquam habeas tria nomina. Quando propinat Virro tibi, sumitque tuis contact a labelIis Pocula? quis vestram temerarius usque ad eo, quis Perditus, ut dicnt regi, Bibe? Plurima sunt, qum 130

\ . ,....


Non au dent homines per:tusa dicere Irena. Quadringenta tibi si quis deus, aut similis dis,

Et melior fatis donaret; homuncio, quantus . I·, .. Ex nihilo fieres! quantus Virronis amicus! Da Trebio! pone ad Trebium ! Vis, frater, ab ipsis J 35 IIibus ? 0 nummi, vobis hunc prrestat honorem, Vos estis fratres. Dominus tamen et domini rex Si vis tu fieri, nlllllJs tibi parvulus aula Luserit lEneas, nec filia dulciol' ilIo. Jucundum et camm sterilis facit uxor amicum. 140 Sed tua nunc Mycale pari at licet, et pueros tres In gremium patris fundat simul: ipse loquaci Gaudebit nido; viridem thoraca jubebit Afi'erri, minimas·que nuces, assemque rogatum, Ad mensam quoties parasitlls venerit infans. J 45

Vilibus ancipites fungi ponentur amicis, Boletus domino; sed qualem Claudius edit Ante ilium uxoris, post quem nil amplius edit.

Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus ilia jubebit Poma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore; 150 Qualia perpetuus Phreacum autumnus habebat, Credere qure possis subrepta sOl'oribus Afris. Tn scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere rodit, Qui tegitur parma et galea, metuensque tlagelli Discit ab hirsuta jaculum torquere capella. 155

Forsitan impensre Virronem parcere credas. Hoc agit, ut doleas: Dam qure comredia, mimus

. Quis melior plorante gula? Ergo omnia fiunt, Si nescis, ut per lacrymas efi'undere bilem Cogaris, pressoque diu stridere molari 160

......... :

Digitized by Coogle

SATlRA V. 33

Tu tibi liber bomo et regis con viva videl'is. ~~_ Captum te nidore sure putat ilIe culinre :

Nec male coi~ectat. Qui,S enim tam ntcius, ut ilium Bis ferat, Etruscumpu~o si contigit aurum ';:'"......, c- ~'" Vel nodus tantum, et signum de paupere loro ~ 165 Spes bene crepandi vos decipit. Ecce dabit jam Selilesurn leporem, atque aJiquid de clunibus apri. Ad nos jam veniet minor altilis. Inde parato

,\.¥ Intactoque omnes et striCto pane tacetis. ..

,j

;. \\, .... lUe sePit, qui te sic utitur. Omnia Cerre 170.:} Si potes et debes. Pulsandum yertlc.e raso 't".:'\" \. >,'\<' Prrebebis quandoque caput, nec dura' timebis F'lagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico.

D JUNII JUVENALIS

A(lUJNATIS

. SAT. I R A RUM.

LlBER SECUNDUS.

SATIRA VI.

CREDO pudicitiam Satumo I'ege mqratam In terris, visamque diu, quum frigida parvas Prmberet spelunca domos ignemque laremque, C ,'. ~ Et pecus et dominos communi clauderet umbra; Silvestrem montana torum quum stemeret uxor 5 Frondibus et .c~lmo vicinarumque ferarum Pellibus; haud similis tibi, Cynthia, nec tibi, cujus Turbavit nitidos exstinctus passer ocellos; . Sed potanda ferens infantibus ubera magnis, Et SlBpe horridior glandem ructante marito. 10 Quippe aliter tunc orbe novo cmloque recenti Vivebant homines, qui rupto robore nati, Compositive Iuto, nullos habuere parentes. Multa pudicitim veteris vestigia forsan,

• . SATIaA VI. 35

f •• t.. Aut aliqUlt exstiterint, ~t sub Jove; sed Jove nonddm 15 _ Barbato, nondum Gnecis jurare paratis

Per caput alterius, quum ,Curem nemo timeret Caulibus, aut pomis, et aperto viveret horto. Paulatim deinde ad superos Astnea recessit Hac comite, atque dute pariter fugere sorores. 20 Antiquum et vetus est alienum, Postume, lectum Concutere, atque sacri genium contemnere Colcri. , .. Omne aliud crimen mox Cerrea protulit tetas : Viderunt primos argentea Stecola mrechos.

Conventum tameD, et pactum, et sponsalia, nom 2. Tempestate paras, jamque a tonsore magistro

.l tv 'h:x.J>ecteris, et digito pignus fortasse dedisti. Certe sanus eras! Uxorem, Postume, ducis? Dic, qua. Tisiph,.2!le, qui bus exagitare colubris!

I "." ~ Ferre potes dominam salv~ tot restibus ullam, ." 30 Quum pateant altte caliga~tesque fenes~te, .: j •.••

Quum tibi vicinum se prtebeat lEmilius pons r-Sed placet Ursidio lex Julia: tollere dulcem Cogitat hteredem cariturus turture magno,

·"V~;.., Mullorumque jubis,.et captatore macello.' 35 Quid fieri non p~sse pules, si jungitur ulla Urs~dio? si mrechorum notissimus olim SMta maIi~!lli jam porrigit ora capistro, Quem toties texit perituri cista Latini? Quid, quod et antiquis uxor de moribus illi 40 Quteritur ? 0, medici, mediam pertundite venam !

~., . Delidas hominis! ,Tarpeium limen adora Pronus, et aura tam JUDoni ctede juvencam, Si tibi contigerit capitis matrona pudici.

• 36 D. JUNII JUVENALIS

Paucre adeo Cereris vittas contingere dignre, • Quumm 1im!';,t patek' oscula, Necte coronam Pn';tibus, deno08 pet· litnina tende corptnbos. Unus Iberinre virsufficit? Ociils illud

ut h;xv(: oculo eonteORts sit Magna tamen fama est cujusdam rure paterno 50

VinnYltis. Vivat (iebiis, SIXlt egro Vivat Fidenis ! agelln eedo paterno. Quis tamen affirmat, nil actum in montibus aut in S(doncis Adub lSenUf'fLmt et ?

Porticibusne tibi monstratur fremina voto b5 tuo an babant totis,

Quod securus ames, quodque inde excerpere possis ?Accipis uxorem, de flua. citharreQus Echion Aut pater, ohur~ul±,,;, l

f Longa per angustos figamus pulpita vicos : 60 Ornrntur E~;¥'andi j"nua

bfans. Vt testudineo tibi, Lentule, conopeo

Emflnlum mirmilllJnem upta 15en:ttori enmitata ust Hippia IUt"!lum "

Ad Pharon, et Nilum, famosaque mrenia Lagi,

itv-A: L. : , 65

Prodigia more" Ihbis damnanta '",~"IS''''n,

Immemor illa _domus, et conjugis, atque sororis, Nil p:ttrire indulsit hlorantl:sque iHlprobll. natos, Vtque magis stupeas, ludos daridemque reJiquit. Sed quanquam in magnis opibus, plumaque paterna, Et dm'mlhset pOF'vula Gllnis, ' Contempsit pelagus: farnam contempserat olim,

apue! moUes sninima ost Tyrrhenos igitur fluctus late que sonantem

70

SATIRA VI. 3'7

Pertulit Ionium constanti pectore, quamvis 75 Mutandum toties esset mare. Justa pericli Si ratio est et honesta; timent, pavidoque gelantur Pectore, nee tremulis possunt insistere plantis :

J '1"\/\", Fortem animum prmstant rebus, quas turpitel' audent. t ,", , Si jubeat conjux, durum est conscendere navim ; 80 ~/,;IJ.,- Tunc se!1tina gravis, tunc summus vertitur aero ' .

Qure mrechum sequitur, stomacho valet. IlIa mal'itum , ,,', t',' Convomit : hrec inter nautas et prandet, et errat

, Per puppem, et duros gaudet tractare l'udentes. Qua tam en exarsit forma, qua capta, juventa est 85 Hippia? quid vidit, propter quod Iudia did Sustinuit? nam Sergiolus jam radere guttUl' Crepe rat, et secto requiem sperare lacerto. Prreterea muha in facie deformia, sicut Attritus galea, mediisque in naribus ingens " , " , 90

i,';'· Gibbus, et acre malum semper still antis ocelli. Sed gladiator erat: faeit hoc ilIos Hyacinthos;

. Hoc pueris, patrireque, hoc prretulit illa sorori ' Atque vim': ferrum est, quod amant. Hie Sergius idem

,'~ AcceptS. r~de crepisset Veiento videri.- 95 Hippomanes carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum,

Privignoque datum? Faciunt graviora coactre ' Imperio sexus,miniminnque libidine peccant.

Optima sed quare Cesennia, teste marito? Bis quingenta dedit; tanti vocat ilIe pudicam ; , 100

:\ Nee Veneris pharetris macer est, aut lampade fervet: , ' lode faces arde~t; veniunt a dote sagittal.

Libertas emitur: coram licet innuat atque . ',\ ' Rescribat, vidua est, Iocuples qure Dupsit avaro.

4 ,., " ",'

38 D. JUicIlI iUUENUUS

Cm' desid+:rio Bibul++cI Ser#::tius tEdet ? Si verum exc~tias, facies, non uxor amatur. Ures ±'++gre Eubeant: et cuti:; aridu Fi"ant obscul'i dentes, oculi que minores ;

sardnula;" dices. libertu:5, et nS';i : Jam gravis es nobis, et srepe emungeris; exi

et pR'nliera siccn S'enit r:lterH naso~ Interea calet, et regnat, poscitque maritum

et nvem ]";:lernHr~

Quantulum in hoc? pueros omnes, ergastula tota, d,,/ni nnn est; halx:y VJ<;i£AUS, exatu)t,

Mense quidem brumm, quo jam mercator lason ~~/I'~U,'U~" et ::;maLi;; obsteR cae;: ;:andida mxtis,

Grandia tolJuntnr cryst"allina, maxima rursus ; ; ~ \ deinde ::dama;; notissRmw3, ;:t B::;onica~ ~ ,

In digito factus pretiosior: hunc dedit olim Barb;m;s ieeGstre, dedit Imnc SOI':;,:,

Observant ubi festa mero pede sabbata reges, d~t VS¥t3S ind:;lget ;,enib,,:; clenRentia

Nullane de tantis greliibus tibi digna videtur! )," ~~ Sit f:;;mosa, freuund;, "etu;yz:s Porticibus disponat avos, intactior omni Crinih"s e£UY;:2S buHum SuliiDB. : (Raru Hvis teni;; nigroque simillima cycno.) Quis leret uxorem, cui constam omnia? malo, Malo VenuEinam, Y~wlm Cumeli", matu±' Gracchorum, si cum magnis virtutibus affers ; £randn et nnmeR'nE in dutY~: trinmphc:;;.

Id5

110

120

130

Tolle tuum, precor, Hannibalem victumque Syphacem ca;n'is, num tnta

~r::. 01"

SATIRA VI.

Parce, precor, Prean, et tu, Dea, pone sagittas; Nil pueri faeiunt, ipsam configit~ matrem ! Amphion clamat: sed Prean contrahit areurn. Extulit ergo greges natorum ipsurnque parentem, Dum sibi nobilior Latonre gente videtur, Atque eadem scrota. Niobe freeundior alba. Qure·tanti gravitas, qure forma, ut se tibi semper Imputet ? Hujus enim rari sllmmique voluptas N uUa boni, quoties animo corrupta superbo

39

135

140

" ~.

,'.~; Plus aloes, quam mellis, habet. Quis deditus autem Usque 'adeo est, ut non ilIam, quam laudibus effert, 145

, ,,','.1 Horreat, inque diem septenis oderit boris? . Quredam parva quidem, sed non toleranda maritis.

Nam quid rancidius, quam quOd se non putat tilla Formosam, Disi qure de Tusca Grrecula facta est? \ '. \" De SulmoneDsi mera Cecropis ? Omnia Grrece, Quum sit turpe magis nostl;s nescire Latine.

150

Hoe sermone pavent, hoc iram, gaudia, curas, Hoc eUDcta effimdunt animi secreta. Quid ultra?~

Si tibi legitLmis pactam junctamque tabellis Non es amaturus, ducendi nulla videtur Causa; Dec est, quare crenam et mustacea perdas, LabeDte officio, crudis donanda; Dec ilIud, Quod prima pro Docte datur, quum lance beata Dacicus, et scripto radiat Germanieus auro. Si tibi simplicitas uxoria, deditus uni Est animus; submitte caput cervice parata Ferre jugum: nullam invenies, qure parcat amanti. Ardeat ipsa lieet, tormentis gaudet amantis Et spolii:;. Igitur longe minus utilis illi

lii5

160

I


Uxor, quisquis erit bonus optandusque maritus. 165 Nil unquam invita donabi~ conjuge: vendes Hac obstante nihil: nihil, halc si nolet, emetuf. Hmc dabit affectus: iIle exc1udetur amicus Jam senior, cujus barb am tua janua vidit. Testandi quum sit lenonibl1s atque lanistis .',. (. 170 Libertas, et juris idem contingat areDre; .:.: ). Non unus tibi rivalis dictabitur hreres. Pone crucem servo. Meruit quo crirnine servus Supplicil1m? quis testis adest? quis detulit ? Audi : N 111la unquam de morle hominis cunctatio longa est. 175 o demens, ita servus homo est? nil fecerit, esto : Hoc volo, sic jubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas.

Imperat ergo viro; sed mox. hrec regna relinquit, Permutatque domos, et flammea conterit: inde . "

. Advolat, et spreti repetit vestigia lecti. : .. ::. 180 Ornatas paulo ante fores, pendentia linquit Vela domns, et adhuc virides in limine ramos. Sic crescit numerus; sic fiunt octo mariti Quinque pel' autumnos: titulo res digna sepu1cri.

Desperanda tibi salva concordia socru : 185 IIIa docet spoliis nudi gaud ere mariti;

. Ilia docet, missis a corruptore tab ellis, Nil rude, nec simplex rescribere: decipit ilIa Custodes, aut awe domat: tunc corpore sanQ Advocat Archigenen, onerosaque paJlia jactat. '( I "' ,( pO Abditus interea latet et secretus adulter . .,.... Scilicet exspectas, ut tradat mater honestos '" Atque alios mores, quam quos habet? utile porro Filiolam turpi vetulre producere turpelQ. .

8ATIRA VI. 41

Nulla fere causa est, in qua non fremina litem 195 Moverit. Accusat Manilia, si rea non est. Componunt ipsm per se formantque libelIos, l,: • ,

Principium atque locos Celso dictare paratre. Endromidas Tyrias et fremineum cer_oma Y\. '.1 :::~. 'J .. ',1

Quis nescit? vel quis non vidit vulnera pali? I Y" 200 Quem cavat assiduis sudibus, scutoque laQ.essit; Atque omnes implet numel'os, dignissima prorsus ,J r'" • .. Florali matrona tuba; nisi si quid in ilIo Pectore plus agitat, verreque paratur arenre. 'Quem prrestare potest mulier galeata pudorem, 205

Qure fugit a sexu? vires amat. Hrec tamen ipsa Vir nollet fieri; nam quantula nostra yoluptas?

_ ...... ' Quale decus rerum, si conjugis auctio fiat? Balteus, et manicre, et cristre, crul'isque sipistl'i Dimidium tegimen; vel, si diversa movebit t,,",l,' 210 Prrelia, tu felix, ocreas vendente puella. Hre sunt, qure tenui sud ant in cyclade, quarum

....... ' Delicias et panni~ulus bombycinus urit. 'J' 1,\ , '

I Adspice, quo fremitu monstratos perf~rat ictus, ",:tc": C

Et quanto galere curvetur pondere, quanta I 215 Poplitihus sed eat, quam denso fascia libro; f-,:." ,I , ',"

Et ride, scaphium positis quum sumitur armis. Dicite vas, neptes Lepidi, crecive Metelli, Gurgitis aut Fabii, qure ludia sumpserit unquam

!I I -.l. Hos habitus? quando ad palum gemat uxor Asyli ? 220

I Semper habet lite; alternaque jurgia lectus, L 1 :. , I,'

In quo nupta jacet: minimum dormitur in iIIo. Tunc gravis illa viro, tunc orba tigride pejor. Quum simulat gemitus occulti conscia facti. ~

4* - ,

, "

. {'_I

42 D. JUNII JUVENALIS )\.( •. \, I I'.' . #

Aut odit pueros, aut fi~.a pellice plorat, Uberibus semper lacrymis, semperque paratis In statione sua, atque exspectantibus illam, ,,_ >, (\ , ~ :

Quo jubeat manare modo: ttt ~redis amorem, Tu tibi tunc curruca' pla~e's,' fletumque lab ellis .• /. Exsorbes; qure scripta et quot lecture tabellas,

. Si tibi zelotypre retegantur scrinia mreehre ! { I ' : I

230

Sed jaeet in sp.rvi eomplexibus aut equitis. Die, \L... ...... Die aliquem. sodes, hie, Quintiliane, colo~em : "<-t< ',LL

Hreremus, die ipsa. Olim eonvenerat, in quit, Ut faeeres tu, quod velles, nee non ego possem Indulgere mihi : dames lieet, et mare erelo Confundas, homo sum. Nihil est audaeius ilJis I )epr.ensis: iram atque animos a erimine sumunt • Unde hree monstra tamen, vel quo de fonte, requiris?

235

Prrestabat eastas humilis fOl'tuoa Latinas 240 Quondam, nee vitiis eOIl~llgi parva sioebaot U' I\~l ,,~ ~~)<:" ( ~ Tecta labor~ somoique breves, et vellere Tusco Vexatre durreque manus, ae proximus Urbi Hannibal, et stantes Collina turre mariti. Nunc patimur longre pacis mala. &evior armis 245 Luxuria incubuit, victumque ulciscitUl' orbem. ,~~ r-' NullUln crimen ~best, facinusque libidinis, ex quo Paupertas Romaoa perit: hioc fluxit ad istos Et Sybaris colles, hinc et Rhodos, et Miletos, Atque coronatum et petulans madi~umque Tarentum. 250 Prima peregrin~s obscrena Pecunia m6res Intulit, et turpi fregerunt srecula luxu ','" Divitire moUes. Quid enim Venus ebria cur'at ?-

Ut spectet ludos, conducit Ogulnia vestem,

O;g""ed by Google ..

.SATIRA VI .. 43

Conducit comites, seDam, cer'i~al, amicas, ,'" - I 266 Nutricem, et Havam, cui det mandata, puellam. , Hrec tamen argenti superest quodcunque patemi t LV'

Levibus ath~tis, ac vasa novissima donat. Multis res angusta domi: sed nulla pudorem ~:, ,_., Paupertatis habet, nec se metitur ad iIlum, CMt.'tI .... c 260

. !.~:. . "Quem dedit hrec, posuitque m04wn. Tamen uti1~ quid sit Prospieiunt aliquando viri, frigusque famemque Formica. tandem quid am expavere magistra.. Prodiga non sentit pereu~m fremina censum ;

J f) ___ •. Ac, velut exhausta. recLdivus pullulet arca. _

N ummlls et e pleno semper tollatur aeervo, : .. Non unquam reputat, quanti sibi gaudia constent.-

Si gaudet cantu; nullius. fibula durat c". It, 'i

Vocem vendentis pr:etoribus: organa semper

265

In manibus: densi radiant testudine tota 270

J/_'... l ~rdonyehes: cr~po numerantur pectine chordre, .. , ,._ <lu~'t~ner Hedymeles operas dedit: hune tenet, hoc se

;~~1 Solatur, gratoque ind~lget basia plectro. Quredam de numero Lamiarum' ac nominis alti Cum farre et vino Janum Vestamque rogabat, An Capitolinam deberet Pollio quercum Sperare, et ndibus promittere. Quid {aceret plus lEgrotante viro? medicis quid tristibus erga Filiolum? Stetit ante aram, nee turpe putavit

_:..-t _ '.' Pro eithara. velare caput; dictataque verba Pertuli~ ut mos est, et aperta. pangit ligna. \ ,l.

Die: mihi nunc, qureso, die, antiquissime divum, Respondes his, Jane pater ~ Magna otia creli : Non est, ut video, non est, quod agaturapud vos

275

280 c, ' .

44 D. :TlJNII JUVENALIS

Hme de comredis te consuli&; ilia ttZigred"m 28ii Commfcndato vokt: oaricocus not . "

Sed cantet potius, quam totam pervolet urbem et O'f.CtU:;; possit qutem fecco

CumquG pGl:cdatis ducibus, prresente marito, Ipsa loqui recta facie strietjsque mamillis. 29ii

GHdertrk quid totO fiat ocbe ; Quid Seres, quid Thraees agant: secreta novercre Et puer: : amet, aduitak-_- ()) Instamem ArmeniG Pm:thodiie eoIIleten t C"(

Prima videt; famam rumoresque ilia reeentes 295 Exrcipit ad IKcrtas qUGsdam facit: i",,:c NiphatGn1 In populos, magnoque ilIic euneta arva teneri Diluvio, nu.,czre m-bes, sobsiPGre terras, . "-QUf>Cuebue est mzrraR-

Nee tamen id vitium magis intolerabile, quam quod 30U Vifzinozf humiles KEper+c ot ctsncidere k:R-is Exorata solel- Nam si latratibus alti Rumpuntur somni, Fustes huc ocius, inquit, _~' I

Aflitrte, illis domieum jub:ct ant±'c ferisi, Deinde eanem. Gravis occursu, teterrima vultu, Bslnea noetG subi,; cnnchZlzt et (l::str;:: mon,cri N;::ete ,hAbet; madno daudet sud are tumultu, Quum lassata grav! ceeiderunt brachia massa.- /');, Conviv::z misnk-i interer: romnoque famndue

305

Urgentur. Tandem illa venit rubiculldula, totlIDl :310 ' <Enophomm tenditm mnP Athnotnnl de fluO ZKnxtaR-ikAs altnr Dueitur ante cibum, rabid am facturus orexim., J'

Dum rnellt et loto t:,cITem fez-it intettinf2: -

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SATIRA VI. 45

Marmoribus rivi properant, aut lata FaIemum 315 ;, . ; " Pelvis olet: nam sic, tanquam alta in dolia longus

Deciderit serpens, bibit et vomit. Ergo maritus N auseat, atque oculis bilem substringit opertis. • .' . I

IUa tamen gravior, qure, quum discumbere crepit, Laudat Virgilium, periturle ignoscit Elissre, 310 Committit vates et comparat; inde Maronem, "'. Atque alia parte in trutina suspendit "omerum. Cedunt grammatici, 'vincuntur rhetores; omnis

. t'.' Turba tacet; nec causidicus, nec prreco loquatur, Altera nec mulier: verborum tanta cadit vis, 325 Tot pariter pelves, tot tintinnabula dicas Pulsari. Jam nemo tubas, nemo rera fatiget : Una !aboranti poterit succurrere lume.

Imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis. Nam qUal docta nimis cupit et facunda videri, 330 Crure tenus medio tunicas succingere debet, Credere Silv:ano porcum, quadrante lavari. ' Non habeat matrona, tibi qure juncta recumbit, Dicendi genus, aut curtum sermone rotato

.' :.... Torqueat enthymema, nec historias sciat omnes : 335 Sed quredarn ex libris et non intelligat. Odi Hanc ego, qure repetit volvitque Palremonis artem, Servata semper lege et ratione loquendi, Ignotosque mihi tenet antiquaria versus, .i._,. ,"," A.' .'

N ec curanda viris Opi~m castigat amicle': '.) 340 Verba. Solrecismum liceat fecisse marito...

Nil ngo per~ittit mulier sibi, turpe putat nil, ;:-." Quum virides gemmas colla circumdedit, et quum Auribus extentis magnos commisit elencllos.

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46 D. JUNIl JUVENALIS

Into]erabilius nihil est, quam fremina dives. 345 Interea freda aspectu ridendaque multo 1-'1-\' {" ",I, ,:, "

Pane tumet' facies, aut piogLiia Popp~ana I ~ ~ (. I I .• ". Spirat, et hinc miseri viseantur labra mariti. i c'~ . I (.', ( tf

Ad mrechum veniet Iota (;'ute. Quando videri ,"" , . Vult formosa domi? mrech1s foliata parantur. ' 350

His emitur, quidquid graciles huc mittitis Indi. ,\ l" " "'"

Tandem aperit vultum, et tectoria prima reponit: r ~ .' . ' Incipit agnosci, atque illo lacte fovetur, '..:.' Propter quod secum comites educit asellas, Exsul Hyperboreum si dimittatur ad axem. Sed qUle mutatis inducitur, atque fovetur Tot medicamioibus, coeteque siliginis otras Accipit et madidre, facies dieetur, an ulcus?

355

Est pretium curm, penitUs cognoscere, toto , ~ • ' Quid faciant agitentque die. Si nocte marit~s;. .. ,' 360 Aversus jacuit; periit libraria, ponuDt ' . 1.1 u: ::,,! , Cosmetre tunicas, tarde veDisse Libumus Dicitur, et prenas alieni pendere somni Cogitur: hic frangit ferulas, rubet ille fiagellis, Hie scutica": sunt, qure tortoribus annua prrestent. \. " 365 Verberat, atque obiter faciem linit; audit arnicas, '\, Aut latum pictre vestis considerat aurum, Et credit; longi re]egit trans~ersa diurni, " (. 1'" ' Et credit, donee lassis credentibus, EXI \ " Intonet horrendum, jam cognitione peracti..

Prrefeetura domUs Sicu]' non mitior aula. Nam si cODstituit, solitoque decentius optat OrDari, et properat, jamque exspectatur in hortis, Aut apud Isiacre potiUs saeraria lenle i

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Disponit crinem laceratis ipsa capillis 375 Nuda humero Psecas infelix, nudisque mamillis. A1tior hie quare cincinnus r taurea punit ~,. , " Continuo flexi crimen facinusque capilli. Quid Psecas admisit r qurenam est hie culpa puellle,

displicuit nasus llevum L~;q:tt:HO,lt, pectitque' in orbem.

consilio matront janis EmHI'ita qUIe cessat age:: Imma

erit; post hanc zzrte minores Censebunt, tanquam famle discrimen agatur. 385 Aut animle : tanta est qUlerendi cura decoris. Tot premit ordinibus, tot adbuc compagibus altum 1Edifi~at caput. Andromachen a fronte videbis: Post minor est: credas a1iam. Cedo, si breve parvi

est lateris spati::m~ videtur Pygmies., nullizz

leeis erects. consurlIi, EeHa yiri cura inte::::::,

1i g'., .L:orum: VIVlt m::rito ; J I ,~0<1 soJo propior, quOd amicos conjugis odit 3!)i

Et servos: gravis est rationibus. Ecce furentis Bellonle matrisque dewn chorus intrat, et ingens Semivir,-

-cui rauca coh::ls, cedunt et Phrygia Tiara.

lI::p:::rnbris et Austri nisi se eentiml oJ/is,

::::rampelinas veteree .'?·~,v~,,,,,·.

Ut, quid quid subiti et magni wscriminis in stat, -..


In tunicas eat, et totum semel expiet annum. 405 Hibernum fracta glacie descendet in amnem ; Ter matutino Tiberi mergetur, et ipsis 'I t -

Vorticibus timidum caput abluet: inde Superbi Totum regis agrum nuda ac tremebuoda cruentis

• Erepet genibus. Si candida jusserit 10, 410 Ibit ad lEgypti finem, calidaque petitas A Meroe portabit aquas, ut spargat in redem, Isidis, antiquo qure proxima surgit ovili ; '-' ',' ~~: Credit eoim ipsius d~minre se voce moneri. { .. :; ,: I', En animam et mentem, cum qua di nocte loqtiantur! 415 Ergo hic prrecipuum summumque meretur hono~em,. Qui grege linigero circumdatus et grege calvo-" I.. ' , '

Plangentis populi cun:it derisor Anubis. '\., Ille petit veniam, quoties non abstinet uxor CODcubitu sacris observandisql1e diebus ; 420 Magnaque debetur violato pama cadurco. ' , ;! ,.

Et movisse caput visa est argentea serpens: Illius lacrymre meditataque murmura prrestant,. Cu .... ~ '. Ut veniam culpre non abnuat, ansere magno Scilicet et tenui popano corruptus, Osiris. r t, \\ . 42~

Quum dedit iIIe locum'; cophino famoque relicto, Arcanam Judrea tremens mendicat in aurem, .~ I,.;., Interpres legum Solymarum, et magna sacerdos - . Arbol'is, ac summi fida internuntia creli ; /I .. "

Implet et ilia manum, sed parcius: rere minuto 430 QuaiiacuDque voles Judrei somnia vendunt. Spondet amatorem tenerum, vel divitis orbi Testamentum ingens, calidre pulmone columbre Tractato,- Armenius vel Commagenus haruspex ;

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SATIRA VI. 49 '- .

pectora puUorum rimatur et exta catelli, j. l' t. f; 435 Interdum et pueri: faciet, quod deferat ipse.

Chaldreis sed major erit fiducia: quidquid Dixerit Astrologus, credent a fonte relatum Hammonis; quoniam Delphis oracula cessant, Et genus humanum damnat caligo futuri. 440 Prrecipuus tamen est horum, qui srepius exsul, Cujus amicitia oonducendaque tabe!l&. ).,. Magnus civis obit et formidatus Othoni. lnde fides arti, sonuit si dextera ferro Lrevaque, si longo castrorum in carcere mansit. 44!l Nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit: Sed qui prene perit, cui vix in Cyclada mitti Contigit, et pan'a tandem caruisse Seripho .

. :-~, Consulit ictyicre lento de {unere matris, ... , Ante tamen de te, Tanaquil tua: quando I sororem 450

. Efi'erat et patruos; an sit victurus adulter

;"-/post ipsam? quid enim majus dare numina possunt ?

tHree tamen ignorat quid sidus triste minetur Satumi, quo Ireta Venus se proferat astro, Qui mensis damnis, qUID dentur tempora lucro. 455 Illius occursus ettam vitare memento, \ t \.. In cujus manibus, ceu pinguia succina, tritas

'"<L.' _. Cemis ephemeridas; qure nullumconsulit, et jam Consulitur: qure, castra viro patriamve petente, Non ibit pariter, numeris revocata Thrasylli. 400 Ad primum lapidem vectari quum placet; hora Sumitur ex libro: si prurit {rictlJs ocelli ~ t ' Angulus, inspect&. genesi collyria poseit. lEgra licet jaceat, capiendo nulla videtur

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Aptior bora cibo, nisi quam dederit Petosiris. Si mediocris erit; spatium lustrabit utrinque

Metarum, et sortes ducet, frontemque manumque Prrebebit vati crebrum poppysma roganti. Divitibus responsa dabunt Phryx augur et Indus Conductus, dabit astrorum mundique peritus, Atque aliquis senior, qui publica fulgura condit. Plebeium in circo positum est et in aggere fatum. Qure nudis longum ostendit cervicibus aurum,

465

470

Consulit ante PQ~as deJphinorumque columnas, . ~,(' I •

An saga vendenti nubat, caupone relicto. \. 475 . Hre tamen et partils subeunt discrimen, et omaes N utricis tolerant, fortuna. urgentt', labores ; Sed jacet aurato vix ulla puer-E~ra lecto. ~~ - t\\..~l.f. " ~ ~ Tantum artes hujlls, tan tum medicamina possunt.-

Transeo suppositos, et gaudia, votaque srepe 480

.. , '. Ad spurcos decepta Jacus, atque inde petitos Pontifices Salios, Scaurorum nomina falso Corpore laturos. Stat Fortuna improba noctu, Arridens nudis infantibus. Hos fovet omnes, Involvitque sinu: domibus tunc porrigit altis,: v'" 485 Secretumque sibi mimum parat. Hos amat, his se Ingerit, utque suos ridens producit alumnos.

Hic magicos affert cantus, hic Thessala vendit Ph~~a, quibus valeat mentem vexare mari~.- ~I:" lI":

Inde a.nimi caligo, et magna oblivio rerum, 490-Quas modo gessisti. Tamen hoc tolerabile, si non Et furere incipias, ut avunculus ille Neronis, Cui totam tremuli frontem Cresonia Pulli 'I- ~ \:. ~ Infudit. Qure non faciet, quod Principis uxor 1

SATIRA VI. \. \ (' t \ 51 "'\\.~ ..

Ardebant cuncta, et fracta cornpa,.ge ruebant, 495 NOD aliter, quam si fecisset Jun~ rnaritum Insanurn. Minus ergo nocens el'it Agrippinre Boletus: siquidem unills prrecordia pressit I,_~~ DIe senis, tremulumque caput d-;scendere jussit In crelurn, et longam manuntia labra salivam. 500 Hrec poscit ferrum atque ignes, hrec potio torquet : Hmc Iacerat rni:x:tos equitum cum sanguine patres. \' t'.'· Tanti partus equre! quanti una venefica constat? I ~L' '.-- ~ I

Oderunt Datos de pellice; nemo repugnet, ' t- I'

I , ' Namo vetet : jam jam privign,!!m occidere fas est. ,~ 505 - I' Vos ego, pupilli, moneo, quibus amplior est res,

Custodite animas, et nulli credite mensle. I " I'

Livida materna fervent adipa_t~ veneno. , , ~ Mordeat ante aliquis, quidquid porre:x:erit iIla, ~.I.' '. ' Qure peperit: timidus prregustet pocula papp.!s.)J' 510 Fingimus brec, altum Satira sumente cothurnum, .'t~!, , Scilicet; et, finem egressi legemque prioru~, Grande Sopbocleo carmen bacc~amur hiatu, ~ .... , Montibus ignotum Rutulis creloque Latino.

I,{ ~( Nos utinam v:ani! sed clamat Pontia, Feci, 515 Confiteor, puerisqlle meis aconita paravi, Qure deprensa patent: facinus tamen ipsa peregi. T~ne duos una, srevissima vipera, crena? Tune duos? Septem, si septem forte fuissent. Credamus tJ'agicis, quidquid de Colchide torva. 520 ), Dicitur et Procne: Dil contra conor, et illal' Grandia mODstra suis audebant temporibus; sed NOD propter Dummos. Minor admiratio summis Debetur mODstrts, quoties facit ira Docentem


Hune sexum et rabie jecur incendente feruntur ~25 Prrecipites; ut sua jugis abrupta, ql1ibl1s mons Subtrahitur, clivoque latus pendente recedit.

lliam ego Don tulerim, qure computat, et scelus ingens Sana faeit. Spectant subeuntem fata mariti Alcestim, et, simiIis si permutatio detur, 530 l\lorte viri cupient animam servare eatellre. Occurrent multre tibi Belides atque Eriphylre Mane: Clytremnestram nulIus non vicus habebit. Hoc tantum refert, quod Tyndaris ilia bipennem Iosulsam et fatuam dextra lrevaque tenehat. 535 At nunc res agitur tenw pulmone rubetre ; ',,/> ~ :J

Sed tamen et ferro, si prregustabit Atrides Pootica ter victi cautus medicamina regis.

D. JUNII JUVENALlS

• AQ.UINATIS

SATIRARUM

L1BER TERTIUS.

SATIRA VII. rET spes et ratio studiorum in Cresare tantum: Solus enim tristes hac tetnpestate Camrenas Respexit, quum jam celebres notique poetre Balneolum Gabiis, Romre conducere fumos Tentarent; nec fredum alii, lIec tUl'pe putarent Prrecones fieri, quum, desertis Aganippes Vallibus, esuriens migraret ill atria Clio. Nam, si Pieria. quadrans tibi nullus in umbra. Ostendatur, ames nomen victUlilque Machrerre, Et vendas potius, commissa quod auctio vend it Stantibus, renoph()rum, tripod as, armaria, cistas, AIcyonem Bacchi, Thebas et Terea Fausti. Hoc satius, quam si dicas sub judice, Vidi, Quod non vidisti; faciant equites Asiani,

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7 54 D. JUNII JUVENALIS

Quanquam, et Cappadoces faeiant, equitesque Bithyni, 15 Altera quos nudo traducit Gallia talo. : ' ' ' Nemo tamen studiis indignum ferre laborem Cogetur posthac, nectit quicunque caJ~oris lv."<\..~!v"J Eloquium vocale modis, laurumque momordit. . Hoc agile, 0 juvenes: eircumspicit, et stimulat vos, Materiamque sibi dueis indulgentia qiJrerit.

20

Si qua aliunde putas rerum exspectanda tuarum , Prresidia, atque ideo crocere membrana tabellre

Impletur; lignorum aliquid posce ocius, et, qUIa Componis, dona Veneris, Thelesine, marito, Aut claude et positos tinea pertunde libellos. Frange miser calamos, vigilataque prrelia dele, Qui faeis in parva sublimia carmina cella, Ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra. Spes nulla ulterior: didicit jam dives avarU$ Tantum admirari, tantum laurlare disertost

Ut pueri Junonis avem. Sed defluit retas, Et pelagi patiens, et cassidis, atque ligonis. Tredia tunc subeuot animos; tunc seque suilmque Terpsichoren odit facunda et nuda senectus.

Accipe nunc artes, ne quid tibi conferat iste, " Quem colis, ct Musarum et Apollinis rede relicta. Ipse facit versus, atque uni cedit Homero Propter mille annos; et, si dulcedine farnre Suceensl1s recites, Maeulonus commodat redes.

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30

I . . 35

40 Hree longe ferrata domus servire juhetur, \ ':', ... .'-"

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In qua sollicitas imitatur janua portas. Scit darelibertos extrema. in parte sedentes Ordinis, et magnas comituDl disponere voces.' , ,,"

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SATIRA VII.

Nemo dabit regum, quanti subsellia constent, Et qure conducto pendent anabathra tigillo, QlJreque reportandis posita est orchestra cathedris. Nos tamen hoc agimlls, tenuique in pulvere suI cos Ducimus, et littus sterili versamus aratro. . Nam, si discedas, laqueo tenet ambitiosi f.'

Consuetudo mali: tenet insanabile multos Scribendi cacoethes, et regro in corde senescit. Sed vatem egregium, cui non sit publica vena, Qui nibil expositum soleat deducere, nee qui Communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, Hunc, qualem nequeo monstrare, et sentio tantOm, Anxietate carens animus facit, omnis acerbi Impatiens, cupid us silvarum, aptusque bibendis Fontibl1s Aonidum. Neque enim cantare sub antfO

, {J, Pierio, thyrsl1mve potest contingere sana Paupertas atque reris inops, quo nocte dieque Corpus eget: satur est, quum dicit Horatius, Euoe ! Quis locus ingenio, nisi ql1um se carmine solo Vexant, et dominis Cirrbre N ysreque feruntur Pectora nostra, duas non admittentia curas? Magnre mentis opus nee de Iodice paranda.

:,.Attonitre, currus et equos faciesque deorum Adspicere, et qualis Rutulum confundat Erinnys. Nam si Virgilio puer et tolerabile deesset . Hospitium, caderent omnes a crinibus hydri : Surda nihil gemeret grave buccina. Poscimus, ut sit Non minor antiquo Rubrenus Lappa cothurno,

, , Cujus et alveolos et lre~am pignerat Atreus. ' Non habet i~felix Numitor, quod mittat amico:

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45

50

55

60

65

70

, 1>. JUNII JUVENALIS

Quintillre quoddonet, habet; nee defuit illi, 75 Unde emeret multi pascendum carne leonem Jam domitum: constat leviori bellua sumptu Nimirum, et capiunt plus intestina poetre. ""'1\ ~. Contentus fama jaceat Lucanus in hortis Marmoreis: at Serrano tenuique Saleio (... .. i 80 Gloria quantalibet quid ~rit, si gloria tantum est? Curritur ad vocem jucundam et carmen amicre '" : /1< ~ .~. Thebaidos, lretam fecit quum Statius urbem, Promisitque diem: tanta dulcedine captos Afficit ille animos, tantaque libidine vulgi 85 Auditur; sed, quum fregit subsellia verSll, Esurit, intactam Paridi nisi vendat Agaven. DIe et militire multis largitur honorem, , Semestri vatum rligitos circumligat auro. !., ,>.: ";' Quod non dant proceres, dabit histrio: tu Camerinos, 90 Et Bareas, tu nobilium magna atria curas? Prrefectos Pelopea faeit, Philomela tribunos. Haud tamen invideas vati, quem pulpita pascunt. .' >, ; Quis tibi l\Jrecenas? quis nunc erit aut Proculeius, Aut Fabius? quis Cotta iterum? quis Lentulus aIter? 96 Tunc par ingenio pretium: tunc utile multis Pallere, et vinum toto nescire Decembri.

Vester porro labor frecundior, historiarum. Scriptores: petit hie plus temporis, atque olei plus; Narnque oblita modi millesima pagina surgit . ,. i 100 Omnibus, et multa. crescit dan1nosa papyro. " \, ' I •

Sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex. Qure tamen in de seges? tprrre quis fructus apertre ? Quis dabit historico, quantum daret acta legenti? \. \,' ,

SATIRA VII. l'ML(!,;. :

Sed genus ignavum, quod lecto gaudet et umbra. if... " . ~ Die igitur, quid causidicis civilia prmstent (.

,' .. "Officia, et magna comItes in fasce libeUl? I"

Ipsi magna sonant, sed tunc, q'Uum creditor audit, Prmcipue, vel si tetigit latus acrior illo, . '. '. ". Qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice no~en. Tunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folIes,

.'.J..." •. .c\ Conspuiturque sinus. Veram deprendere messem 'f" :', \.,'.1, Si libet; hinc centum patrimonia causidicorum,

Parte alia solUm russati pone Lacernm. '.I :

Consedere duces: surgis to pallidus Ajax Dicturus dubia pro libertate, bubulco, . Judice. Rumpe miser tensum jecur, ut tibi lasso Figantur virides, scalarum gloria, palmm. Quod vocis pretium? siccus' petasunculus, et vas

l~ ... v\ •. 40 Pelamydum, aut veteres, Mrorum epimenia, bulbi, Aut vJnum Tiberi devectum, quinque lagenlil. . r •. :' • ,

Si quater egisti, si contigit aureus unus, I Inde cadunt partes ex fredere pragmaticorum •

• <

lEmilio dabitur, quantum licet, et melius nos Egimus: hujus enim stat curros aeneus, alti Quadrijuges in vestibulis, atque ipse feroci Bellatore sedens curvatum hastile minatur Eminus, et statu a meditatur prrelia lusca. Sic Pedo co~turbat, Matho deficit: e~itus hie est Tongilli, magno cum rhinocerote iavari Qui solet, et vexat lutulenta balnea turU, Perque forum juvenes longo premit assere, Medos Empturus pueros, argentum, myrrhina, villas. Spondet enim Trrio stlataria purpura fila,

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Et tamen estillis hoc utile: purpura vendit 135 \

Causidicum, vendunt ametbystina: con~enit illis "r- . ',':, '" Et strcpitu, et facie majoris vivere census. Sed finem impensal non servat prodiga Roma. Fidimus eloquio ? Ciceroni nemo ducentos Nunc dederit nummos, nisi fulserit annulus ingens.140 Respicit halc primum, qui litigat, an tibi servi Octo, decem comites, an post te sella, togati e,.L.(1Jt, Ante pedes. Ideo conducta Paullus agebat Sardonyche, atque ideo pluris quam Cossus agebat, \\ t',"

Quam Basilus. Rara in tenui facundia panno. . ' ' 145 Quando licet Basilo fientem producere matrern ? Quis bene dicentem Basilum ferat? Aooipiat, te Gallia, vel potiUs nutricula causidicorum Africa, si placuit merced em ponere lingual.

Declamare doces? 0 ferrea pectora Vecti, . 150 Quum perimit SalVOS classis numerosa tyrannos ! I {, '; N am qurecunque sedens modo legerat, hrec eade!D stans ,Proferet, atque eadem cantabit versibus isdem. Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros. , " , , Quis color, et quod sit causre genus, atque ubi summa J 56 Qurestio, qUal veniant diversre forte sagittre, Nosse velint omnes, mercedem solvere nemo. Mercedem appellas? quid enim soio ? Culpa docentis Scilicet arguitur, quod lreva in parte mamillre Nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta 160 Quaque die miserum dims caput Hannibal implet; Quidquid id est, de quo deliberat" an petat Urbem A Cannis, an pos.t nimbos et fulmina cautus Circumagat mad\d~$ a ~empestate QObol1es. , . " I' '

: • 111~ t'

Quuutum stipuh,?'e, et p?'otenUlTI ?'ceipu? hUod Ih££ . Vt toties ilium pater audiat. H~e aill sex Vel plures uno eonc1amant ore sopbistle,

ELvuras reliC7E.Ci; " Fusa V'enena silent, malus ingratusque maritus, \.,

, Et ?pre ja7%? veter?'''? ?SaoanE. mortam, ereCU;3, 17££

Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt Consilia, et vitre diversum iter inllk'udietuk', Ad ££?7gnam 7ui rhutk'7rica dk'7vcen7i&. YAb Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit

'Frumenti h7??e m<77'7;eS 1;;;?iiy;simsL Tentk'7; 1 hh

Chrysogonus quanti doceat, vel Pollio quanti,

Lak'7tm'um p;;;;ros, ZEk'tem ",,',;;""'Ui> Ba1nna sex;;;;,;tis, pluris portiCt7;7, in

Gestetur dominus, quoties pluit. Anne serenum Exspcctet, lutz> Jument;, seeek1h 1 h££ Hie potius: namque hie mundre nitet ungula mulre. Partz> k17lia N t77'nidar:zH1 fults Surgk'7t, et algentem rapiat erenatio solem •

..• !; Quantieunque domus; veniet, qui fereula doete COni hona t neniet, ¥;ondu£, 18h Hos inter sumptus sestel'tia Quintiliano, Ut rndtum, duo suHjeient, Res

,_. Constabit patri, quam filius. Unde igitur tot Quintilianus habet saltus? Exempb novomm Fatz;mm ti'ot]si : et acer ; 19££ Felix, et sapiens, et nobilis, et generosus . Appositam ;;;!~rre lullom suhtroxit Felix, orator quoque maximus et jaculator ; Et, si canint ben<;, DisSot enim, ;Iule


Sidera te excipiant modo primos incipientem ] 95 Edere vagitus, et adhuc a matre rubentem. Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul: Si volet hrec eadem, ties de consule rhetor. Ventidius quid enim? quid Tullius? anne aliud, quam Sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati ? 200 Servis regna dabunt, captivis Fata triumphos. Felix ille tamen, corvo quoque rarior albo. Prenituit multos vanre sterilisque cathed~re, Sicut Thrasymachi probat exitus atque Secundi Carrinatis: et hunc inopem vidistis, Athenre, 205 Nil prreter gelid as ausre conferre cicutas. , < .'! ;' ,

Di, majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram, Spirantesque crocos, et in urna perpetuum ver, Qui prreceptorem sancti voluere parentis Esse loco. Metuens virgre jam grandis Achilles 210 Cantabat patriis in montibus: et cui non tunc Eliceret risum citharredi cauda magistri ? Sed Rufum atque alios credit sua qureque juventus ; Rufum, qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit.

Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palremonis affert 215 Quantum grammaticus meruit labor: et tamen ex hoc Quodcunque est (minus est autem, quam rhetoris rera) ;0-<,; Discipuli custos prremordet AcrenoQpetus, Et, qui dispensat, frangit sibi. Cede, Pairemon, Et patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter, quam 22~:

Institor hibernre tegetis niveique cadurci, . I ' '

Dummodo non pere"at, medire quod noctis ab hora " ; Sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua nemo sederet, Qui docet obliquo lanam deducere ferro;

SATIRA VIII. 61

'Dummodo non pereat totidem olfecisse lucernas, 225 Quot stab ant pu~ri, quum totus decolor esset FIacclIs, et brereret nigro fuligo Maroni. Rara tamen merces, qure cognitione tribuni Nonegeat. Sed vos srevas imponite leges, Ut prreceptori verborum regula constet,!"'~ ,; /, " 230 Ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes,

'" Tan quam ungues digitosque suos; ut forte rogatus, Dum petit aut theJ,'IIlas aut Phrebi balnea, dicat Nutricem Anehisre, nomen patriamque novercre Anchemoli..; dicat, quot Acestes vixerit annos, 235 Quot Siculus'Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas.

'~,-W\{ Exi~ite, ut mores teneros ceu pol1ice ducat, f(': Ut si quis cera vultum facit: exigite, ut si~ Et pater ipsius cretus, ne turpia ludant.-HIllC, inquit, cures; et, quum se verlerit annus, 240 Accipe, victori populus quod postulat, aurum.

, SATlRA VIII.

, STEMMATA quid faciunt? quid prodest, Pontice, longo Sanguine cen_~eri, pictosque ostendere vultus Majorum, et stantes in ,curribus lEmilianos, ' , , Et Curios jam dimidios, humerosque minorem Corvinum, et Galbam auriculis nasoq~ carentem? Quis fructus generis tabula jactare capac:i Corvinum, posthac mult8contingere virga Fumosos equitum cum dictatore magistros,

6

5

D. Jmm Jl.J1TENALi53 t'fL'

Si coram Lepidis m~e vivitur ? Effigies quo bellI±turum ft ludi'IlI± alea pumox (!

Ante Numantinos? si dormire incipis nftfU

Luciferi, quo signa duces et castra movebant ? ";,,r et gaePeat ads Natus in Herculeo Fabius lare, si cupid us, si

,mus qUYmi!!mvis mullio, ;

10

16

. .. Si tenerum. attritus Catine~si pumice lumbum S'1ualentes tra9ucit avos, emptorque veneni f t ~ ~ .. ~. J ~ ~t.~< •

misez'em fue';:stat '1eetem Tota licet veteres exoment undique cerre

DGbilitas est etque uHitFa viL'tGI±. Paull us, vel Cossus, vel Drusus, moribus es1O:

Hns antu effigies majorum ponetuorum : I'rrecedtmt ipsa:s te (,nnsulu; nRrgas, ; , Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus haberi .

teDin, factiEG mernrl:S ? Agnosco procerem. Salve, Gretulice, seu tu Sihnus, 'pocun me aliu de sanrluiDe, rarns EGAnlS eT: patritfl ovanti, Exclamare libet, populus quod clamat, Osiri InGento. Quit; enim gennrosum tiixel'it hunc; Indignus genere, et prreclaro nomine tantum

? NaiYZii71 cuj"czdam Atbnta 71fleamUf, 37133U""P'3'" cycnnl'n, prnGnm Europen: canibus pigris scabieque vetusta

sic,,,,, lambnntibus Nomen erit pardut, tigris, leo, si quid adhuc est,

in teE'ris Ergn navebil'; Et metues, ne sis Crnticus aut Camnrinus.

"

,".r olp

PO

ti5

SATlllA VIII. 68

His ego quem mooui? tecum est mihi sermo, Rubelli Blande. Tumes alto Drusorum stemmate, tanquam 40 Feceris ipse aliquid, propter quod nobilis esses, Ut te conciperet, qure sanguine fulget Iuli;

{ I. Non qure ventoso conducta sub aggere texit. Vos humiles, inquis, vulgi pars ultima nostri, Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare Rarentis ; Ast ego Cecropides. Vivas, et originis hujus Gaudia longa feras; tamen ima. plebe Quiritem Facundum inyenies: solet hie defendere eausas Nobllis indocti. Veniet de plebe togata.,

45

Qui juris nodos et legum renigmata solvat. '\l.t·,· , '50

Hic petit Euphratenjuveois, aomitique Batavi Custodes aquilas, armis industrius; at tu A [( ,l

Nil, nisi Ceeropides, truncoque simillimus Hermre. Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quOd Dli marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago. Die mihi, Teucrorum proles, animalia muta Quis generosa putet, nisi fortia? nempe volucrem Sic laudamus equum, faelli cui plurima palma

of. .,' Fe~et, et exsultat rauoo victoria Circo. -. Nobilis hie, quocunque venit de gramine, eujus Clara fuga ante alios, et .primus in requore pulvis : Sed venale pecus Corythre, posteritas et

l Hirpini, si rara jugo victoria sedit. (t.~NiI ilii m!ljorum respectus, gratia nulla

Umbrarum: dominos -pretiis mutare jubentur Exiguis, tritoque trahunt epirhedia collo C" { Lo; 1

(".' Segnipedes, dignique mQ!am ';ersare Nepotis. Ergo, ut miremur te, non tua, primUm aliquid da1

h ..• ~ ; !/;..~ .. '. '\

55

• :J

60

65


Quod possim titulis incidere prreter honores, Quos illis damus et dedimus, quibus omnia debes. 70

Hrec satis ad juvenem, quem nobis fama superbum • ,; 1\ Tradit, et inBatum, plenumque Nerone propinquo.

Rarus enim fe~e sensus communis in illa • (. \ ,~,', ,. , , ~

Fortuna. Sed te censeri laude tuorum, .l 'l ~ ,

Pontice, noluerim, sic ut niliil ipse futurre 75 Laudis agas. Miserum est aliorum incumbere famre, ~ ti+-A ,.; Ne collapsa ruant subductis tecta colum~is.

, L Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos. L..~, ~ t a.\.

''''\-.,.Esto bonus miles~ t~t<.>r bonus, ~biter idem' J'r, ::) i Integer. Ambigure si quando citabere testis ~H"\ 11l<".l,,sO Incertreque l'ei; Phalaris licet imperet, ut ~is Fal$us, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro, (J.. {! I, ~ , . ~ ;1! ~, (~. ,~

Summum crede nefas animam prreferre pudori, ~..;t.I. t.:"'c

Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. ,-Dignus morte perit, camet licet ostrea centum 85 Gaurana, et Cosmi toto mergatur a~no. I!" (I ....

Exspectata diu tandem provincia quum te Rectorem accipiet, pone irre frrena modumque, Pone et avaritire; miserere inopum sociorum. Ossa vides regum vacuis exsucta medullis. 90 _ Respice, quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet, Prremia quanta bonos maneant, quam fulmine justo « ~! U'.: ~-

".1-. Et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu" \ .. Piratre Cilicum. Sed q~id damnatio confert,. \,-J'(' .>.,F Quum Pansa eripiat, quidquid tibi Natta reliquit r \ ~~ 95 Prreconem, Chrerippe, tuis circu'!!,spice pannis, \ 'J •• " .' ,

Jamque tace. Furor est, post omnia perd~re na·ulum. ; l,

Non idem gemitus olim, neque v~nu,s erat par 1.,(

,....--- -------~--

8ATIRA VIII. 65

Damnorum, sociis Borentibus et modo vietis. Plena domus tunc omnis, et ingens stabat aeerviJs 100

)~ & lot Nummorum, Spartan a chlaOlYs, conchylia Coa, .---- ._ Et cum Panbasii tabulis slgnisque Myronis Phidiacum vivebat ebur, nee non Polycleti Multus ubique labor: rarre sine Mentore mensre. lode Dolabella est atque hine Antonius, inde ] 05 Saerilegus Verres: referebant navibus altis ",u. \ , \ c

Oceulta spolia, et plures de pace triumphos. Nunc sociis juga pauea bourn, grex parvus equarum, Et pater armenti eapto eripiatur agello ; Ipsi deinde Lares, si quod speetabile signum, ~ J J 0

~<. l... Si quis in redieul&. deus unieus. Hree etenim sunt I -

Pro summis: nam sunt hree maxima. Despicias tu Forsitan imbelles Rhodios, unetamque Corinthon : Despicias merito. Quid resinata juventus, Cruraque totius facient tibi levia gentis ? 115 Horrida vitanda est Hispania, Gallieus axis, ' ! , (, _ ,- :'. J

Dlyricumq ue latus: parce et messoribus iIlis, ~\\1 Qui satrrant urbern, Cireo seenreque vaeantem. . - .. ._,

Quanta autem inde feres tam dirre prremia eulpre, . l':i.l.l.t Quam tepues nuper Marius discinxerit Afrosl.: '-~:'-120~"

Curandum in pt'imis, ne magna injuria fiat Fortibus et miseris. Tollas lieet omne, quod usquam est, Auri atque argemi; seutum gladiumque relinques, Et jaeula et galeam: spoliatis arma supersunt. Quod modo proposui, nOD est sententia: verum 125 Credite, me vobis' folittm' reeitare Sibyllre. Si tibi sancta eobors comitum, si nemo tribunal Vendit Aeersteomes, si nullum in conjuge' crimen;

6*


Nec per conventus et cuncta per oppida curvis Unguibus ire parat nurnmos raptura Celreno: Tunc licet a Pico nurneres genus; altaque si te Nomina delectant, omnem Titanida pugnam

130

" .1 Inter majores ipsumque Prometbea ponas : • j

De quocunque voles proavum tibi sumito libro. J : QuOd si prrecipitem rapit ambitio atque libidp, -;'.' 135

.•. Si frangis virgas sociorum in sanguine, si te Delectant hebetes lasso lictore secures; d. .\...1.1. Incipit ipsorum contra te stare parentum G J.-U< .l.l. (H-i' t< t L 'r tIP'

Nobilitas, claramque fa~em prrefelTe pudendis. r' .' u,. ".. ',,'

Omne animi vitium tanto ~bnsPectius in seCrimen habet, quanto major, qui peccat, habetur. Quo ~hi te solitum falsas sign are tabellas \.

140

In templis, qure fecit avus, statuamqite parentis Ante triumphalem! quo, si noctU1:nus adulter Tempora Santonico velas adoperta cucullo r ( Il i) (~ 145 Prreter majorurn cine res atque ossa volucri Carpento rapitur pinguis Damasippus, et ipse,

• Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufHamine consul: ( .... t .... ' ... 1-J;4 Nocte quidem; sed luna vid~t, sed sidera teste~ ).~" \. .lntendunt oculos. Finitum te.mpus ho,!-oris ."'r~·l.'" J 50 Quum fuerit, clara Damasippus luce flagellum Sumet, et Qccursum nunquam trepidabit amici (.. ~ Jam senis, ad virga. prior an!luet, atque maniplos t\.~ .... ; ..... ~ . Solvet, et infundet jumentis hordea lassis. '-: Interea, dum lanatas tof\~umque juvencum / IJ 'l~t. 156 More N umre credit Jovis ante altaria, jurat Solam Eponam et facies olida ad prresepia pictaS'ii , Sed quum pervigiles placet ins~!Wrare pop~as; lJ.' [ •. ;,

t.; ," ~,"~

I 1 t. ""-

C;.tJtu.,JI. ,~ !~TPU vm. Obvius assiduo Syropbrenix udus amomo ,)-,), .. " Currit, Idu~1ll1ll Syropbreoix incola portle, . ~; ~. Hospitis affectu dominum regemque salutat, Et cum venali Cyane succincta lagena.

Defensor Culplll dicet nllhi, Fecimus et nos Hille juvenes. Esto. Desisti nempe, nec ultra. Fovisti errorem. Breve sit, quod turpiter audes.

6'7

160

165 QUllldam cum prima. rese~ntur crimina barba. \ i "., .'. I

Indulge veniam pueris. Damasippus ad illos Tbermarum calices inscriptaque lintea vadit,

. Maturus bello, Armenilll Syrilllque tuendis Amoibus, et Rheno atque Istro. Pr~tare Neronem 170 Securum valet blllc Illtas. l\litte Ostia, Clllsar, ;. I'

Mitte; sed in magna legatum qUlllre popina. Ut l ~ •

Invenies aliquo cum percy"~ore jacentem; ((.~., Permixtum nautis, et furibus, ac fugitivis, \" Inter carnifices, et fabros sandapilarum, c'"

Et resupinati cesslIDtia tympana Galli. / I

lEqua ibi libertas, communia pocula, lectus' Non alius cuiquam, nee mensa remotior ulli. Quid facias talem sortitus, Pontice~ servum ? Nempe in Lucanos aut Tusca ergastula mittas. At vos, TrojugeDlll, vobis ignoscitis, et, qUill Turpia cerdoni, Volesos Brutumque decebunt. Quid, si nunquam adeo fredis adeoque pudendis Utimur exemplis, ut non pejora supersint? Consumptis opibus vocem, Damasippe", locasti Sipario, clamosum ageres ut Phasma Catulli. Laureolum velox etiam bene Lentulus egit, Judice me, dignus vera cruce. Nee tame~ ipsi

175

180

185


Ignoscas populo; populi frons durior hujus, Qui sedet, et speetat tri!!Curria patriciorum, Planipedes audit Fabios, ridere potest qui Mamereorum alapas. Quanti sua fE-nera vendant, Quid refert? Vendunt nullo cogente Nerone, Nee dubitant eelsi prmtoris vendere ludis. Finge tamen gladios inde, atque hine pulpita pone : Quid satius ? Mortem sic quisquam exhorruit, ut sit Zelotypus Thymeles, stupidi eollega Corinthi? Res haud mira tamen, eitharredo, principe, mimus Nobilis. Hrec ultra, quid erit nisi Indus ? Et illud Dedecus Urbis habes: nee mirmillonis in armis, Nee clypeo Gracchum pugnantem, aut falce supina ; (Damn at enim tales habitus; sed damnat, et odit) Nee galea. frontem abscondit: rnovei ecce tridentem, Postquam librata. pendentia retia dextra Nequidquam effudit, nudum ad spectacula vultum

.Erigit, et tota. fugit agnoscendus arena.. Credamus tunicre, de faucibus aurea quum se Porrigat, et longo jactetur spira galero. Ergo ignominiam graYiorem pertulit omni Voloere, cum Graccbo jussus pugnare sequutor.

Libera si dentur populo sufilagia, quis tam Perditus, ut dubitet Senecam prreferre Neroni; Cujus suppicio DOD debuit una panri

190

196

200

205

210

Simia, nee serpens IHIUS, nee culeus unus f' \ Par Agamemnonidre crimen; sed causa facit rem Dissimilem~ Quippe ille, deis auctoribus, ultb. Patris erat cresi media inter pocula; sed nee

2J5

Eleen jugulo Be polluit, aut SpartaBi

"

: l'!o- '. ' ,~

SATIRA VUI. 69

Sanguine conjugii; nullis aconita propinquis Miscuit; in sceno. nunquam caotavit Orestes; Troica non scripsit. Quid enim Virginius armis Debuit ulcisci magis, aut cum Vindice Galba ~ Quid Nero tam SleVa. crudaque tyrannide fecit ~ Hme opera, atque hm sunt generosi principis artes, Gaudentis fredo peregrina ad pulpita saltu Pro.stitui, Graimque apium meruisse coronm. Majorum effigies babeant insignia vocis :

I • " '. (t ,'.1 .

Ante pedes Domin longum tu pone ThyestIB Syrm81 vel Antigones,seu personam Menalippes, Et de marmoreo citbaram suspende colosso. Quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus, atque Cethegi, Inveniet quisquam sublimius r ar~ tamen vos Nocturna et llammas domibus templisque parbtis, Ut Bracatorum pueri Senonumque minores, !' Ausi, quod liceat tunica. punire molesta. Sed vigilat consul, vexillaque vestra coercet. Hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romm Municipalis eques, galeatum ponit ubique Prmsidium attonitis, et in omni gente laborat. Tantum igitur muros intra toga contulit illi Nominis et tituli, quantum non Leucade, quantum Thessalim campis Octavius abstulit udo Cmdibus assiduis gladio. Sed Roma parentem, Roma patrem patrire Ciceronem libera dixit. Arpinas alius V olscorum in monte solebat Poscere mercedes alieno lassus aratro ; Nodosam post halc frangebat vertice vitem, Si Jentus pigra muniret castra dolabra.

220

225

246

10 D. JUNII IOVENALIS

Hic tamen et Cimbros et summa pericula rerum Excipit, et solus trepidaotem protegit Urbem. ~50

Atque ideo, postquam ad Cimbros stragemque volabant, Qui nunquam attigerant majora cadavera, corvi, Nobilis ornatur lauro collega secunda. Plebeilll Deciorum animlll, plebeia fuerunt Nomina: pro totis legionibus hi tamen, et FO 266 Omnibus auxiliis, at,que omni pube Latina, Su1Iiciunt dis inferDis Terrlllque parenti : Pluris enim Decii, quam qUill Bervantur ab illisr AnciJIa Datus tra.beam et diadema Quirini, Et fasces meruit regum ultimus iDe bonorum. 260 Prodita Jaxabant portarum claustra tyl'alUlis Exsulibus juvenes ipsms. consuli&, et quos Magnum aJiquid dubia pro libertate deceret, Quod miraretur com Coclite Mucius,.et qUill Imperii fines TiberiDum virgo natavit. 2Gi Occulta ad patres produxit crimina servus Matronis lugeodus; at iUos verbera justis

. A1Iiciunt prenis, et legum prima securis. }Ialo pater tibj sit Tbersites, dummodo tu sis

Eacidre similis, V uleaDiaque arma capessas, 270 . Quam te Thersitlll similem producat Achilles. Et tamen, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas ,i' • \..

Nomen, ab iofami gentem deducis asylo. Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, Aut pastor (!lit, aut illud, quod dicere nolo. 275

SATJRA IX.

JUVENALIS.

SCIBE velim, quare toties mihi, Nmvole, tristis Occurras fr~nte obdu~ta, ceuMarsya victus.- . ("" .," Non erat hac facie miserabilior Crepereius Pollio, qui triplicem usuram prmstare paratus

C1'. Circuit et fal!JOS non iovenit. Unde repente

71

5 • ).," i." Tot rugm? certe Modica contentus agebas ..J. ~ .

1'.loc'{ Ve~Dlim equi~ cooviva joco mordente facetus, !"Cb .... L ,.

Et salibus vehemens intra pomreri oatis. . " Omnia nunc contra: vultus gravis, horrida sicca

.' . Silva comm, nullus tota nitar in cute, qualem 10 ;~j"li Bruttia prmstabat calidi tibi f~~ia visci: ~~ Sed fruticante pilo neglecta et squalida crura.

Quid maci;s mgn ve!,eris, quem tempore longo ~L,- ,',." , ,. ~ , ; ... G To~et quarta dies, olimque domestica febris? J,.

Deprendas animi tormenta latentis in regro " Corpore, deprimdas et gaudia: sumit utrumque lode habitum facies. 19itur flexisse videris

~""J(' "Propositum, et vitre contrarius ire priori. Nuper emm, ut repeto, fanum·lsidis, et Ganymeden

~(~ Paeis, et a«i.Lectle secreta palatia Matris, :. . . Et Cera-em (nam quo Don prostat fremma templo?) Notior Aufidio moochus celebrare 1I01ebas.- I

N.5lVOLUII. /

Utile et hoc multis vitIe genus: at mibi nullum lode opere pretium. Pingues aliquando lacemas,

15

D • .TUNII JUVENALIS

Munimenta togre, duri crassique coloris, Et male percussas textoris pectine Galli

25

I

Accipimus, tenue argentum venreque secundre.- ~ ~~t~""

Quod tamen 'Ulterius monstnim, quam mollis avarus ~ Hrec tribui, deinde illa dedi, mox plura tulisti. ~to..\ t,,·., Computat ac cevet. Ponatur calculus; adsint 30 Cum tabula pueri: numera sestertia quinque ft'!,:: \

Omnibus in rebus; numerentur deinde labores.Vos humili asseculre, vos indulgebitis unquam Cultori, jam nec mo!bo donare parati r- ') J)' Dic, passer, cui tot montes, tot prredia servas ~o/.lJl: 35 Appula, tot milvos int. tua pascua lassos ~ .,,"" l "

Te Trifolinus ager frecundis vitibus implet . Suspectumque jugum Cumis, et Gaurus inanis. ,~"!<'.., '

Narn quis plura linit victuro dolia musto? ,,",~:t t.pi~ Quantum erat exhausti lumbosdo,!lare clientis ~ 40

, , Jugeribus paucis? meliusne hic rusticus infans, Cum matte, et casulis, et collusore catello, ),), :,. ( Cymbala pulsantis legatum fie~ amici? (i. (I,.' I '

Imp:robus es, quum poscis, ait: sed pensio' cla'mat, '..; I< ! Posce; sed appellat puer unicus, \1t Polyphemi , ' 45 ,~

Lata acies, per quam sollers evasit Ulyxes. ;':, ',',. Alter emendus erit; namque hic non sufficit; ambo I Pascendi. Quid agam bruma spirante? quid, oro, i ic I- . ,. '

.Quid dicam scapulis puerorum Aquilone Decembri Et pedibus? durate atque exspectate cicadas? ,) t,' " 50 Verum, ut dissimules, III mittas cretera, q~anto Metiris pretio, quod, oi tibi deditus essem Devotusque cliens, uxor tua virgo maneret?-Instabile, ac dirimi creptum, et jam prene solutum

J. "

8A.TIRA IX. 73

Conjugiumin multis domibus servavit adulter ! 55 Quo te circumagas? qure prima aut ultima ponas ? N ullum ergo meritum est, ingrate ac perfide, nullum, Quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me ? To~is enim, et libris actorum spargere gaudes -1-

Argumenta viri. Foribus suspende coronas, 60 Jam pater es: dedimus, q~od famre opponere possis : Jura parentis habes, propter me scriberis hreres, ,',,';' ' Legatum omne capis, nec non et dulce caducum. t: 1' .... ~. Commoda prreterea jungentur multa caducis, Si numerum, si tres implevero.

JUVENALIS.

,;" Justa dolo-ris, 65 Nlevole, causa tui. Contra. tamen ilIe quid afFert?

NlEVOLUS.

Negligit, atque alium bipedem sibi qurerit asellum. Hmc soli commissa tibi celare memento,

Et taCItus nostras intra te fige querelas : N am res mortifera est inimicus pumice levis. ') '. ' . : ~ 70

Qui modo secretum commiserat, ardet et adit, Tanquam prodiderim, quid quid scio. Sumere ferrum, Fuste aperire caput, candelam apponere v!iIvis, " , Non dubitat. Nec contemnas aut despicias, quOd His opibus nunquam cara est anl!.ona veneni. 7 rr Ergo occulta teges, ut curia Martis Athenis.

" JUVENALIS.

o Corydon~ t-orydon, secretum divitis ullum Esse putas? servi ut taceant; jumenta loquentur,

7

74 D • .TUNll JUVENALIS

Et canis, et postes, et marmora. Claude fenestras, Vela tegant rimas, junge ostia, tollito lumen },': ll. '-' " 80 E medio; taceant omnes, prope nemo recumbat : Quod tamen ad cantum galli facit ille secundi, Proximus ante diem ca.1;lpo sciet; audiet et? que '/)11A1-. ku./Ul.

, -'.--- - Finxerunt pariter librarius, alchi~agiri, t-l.u.( ,,J.( .... :'

,,', ,"') Carptores. Quod enim dubitant componere crimen. 86 In dominos, quoties rumoribus ulciscuntur. Baltea? Nec deerit, qui te per cornpita qUalrat O,tfJ) /'(' '/

. Nolentem, et miseram vinosus ineb.rietaurem. ~.t( ~ u,' l110s ergo roges, quidquid paulo ante petebas A nobis. Taceant illi; sed prodare malunt gO Arcanum, quam subrepti potare Falemi,

I' t;,;., Pro populo fa~iens quantum Laufella bibebat. , , Vivendum recte est, quum propter plurima, tum his·

Pralcipue causis, ut linguas mancipiorum Contemn as: nam lingua mali pars pessima sem. . ·95 Deterior tam en hic, qui liber non erit illis, Quorum animas et farre suo custodit et mre.

NlEVOLUS.

Idcirco .ot possim lin guam contemn ere servi, Utile consilium modo, sed commune, dedisti : Nunc mihi ,quid suades post damnum temporis et spes Heceptas? Festinat enim decurrere velox 101 Flosculus, angustre miserreque brevissima vitre Portio: dum bibimus, dum serta, unguenta, puellas :,. ',C, :

Poscimus, obrepit non intellecta senectus. i ' (

SATIRA IX. 75

JUVENALIS.

Ne trepida: nunquam pathicus tibi deerit amicus, 105 Stantibus et salvis his collibus ; . undique ad illos

u h .... " <;:onvenient, et earp~~tis et navibus, omnes, lli~ Q\li digito ~punt uno c.aput. Altera major It-:II~' >

,.~.: Spes superest: tu tantum erucis imprime dentem. t ... · ..... _

NEVOLUS.

Hille exempla para feliCibus: Ilt mea Clotho 110 Et Lachesis gaudent, si paseitur i~guine venter. o parvi, nostrique Lares, quos tbure minuto, Aut farre, et tenui soleo exorare corona, Quando ego figam aliquid, quo sit mibi tuta senectus A tegete et baculo? viginti millia famus ; fA, ["'" • 115 Pignoribus positis; argenti vaflCula p~ri, Sed qUill Fabricius censor notet, et duo fortes De gege Mresorum, qui me cervice locata Securum jubeant clamoso insistere Circo. Sit mibi prlllterea curvus clillator, et alter, / J. 120

Qui multas facies pingat _0: sufficitmt bmc, Quando ego pauper ero. VOtUID miserabile, nec spes His saltern: nam, quum pro me Fortuna rogatur, AtJigit ceras ilIa de nave petitas, QUill Siculos cantus efibgit remige surdo. 125

:'

D. JUNII JUVENALIS , .

AQ.UINATIS

SATIRARUM

LmER QUARTUS.

SATIRA X.

OMNmus in terris, qure sunt a Gadibus usque Auroram et Gangen, pauci dignoscere possunt , ... l\~,

" Vera bona atque ilIis multum diversa, remota " ' L' .

Erroris nebula. Quid enim ratione timemus [C ' ,

Aut cupimus? quid tam dextro1>ede concipis, ut te _ 5 Conarus non pamiteat voiique peraeti? ' i' '.!, "

Everrere domos totas, optantiblls ipsis,' . Di faciles. Nocitura toga,nocitura petuntur Militia. Torrens dieendi eopia multis, ,;,' ll ... ' Et sua mortifera est facundia. Viribus ilIe 10 Confisus periit admirandisque laeertis. Sed plures nimia congesta pecunia cura Strangulat, et cuneta exsuperans patrimonia ceo,sus, 11 .•. :0 .... "

Ql1;IJDtO delpbinis balrena Britannica major.

8A.TIRA. X. 77

Temporibus diris igitur, jussuque Neronis, 15 Longinum et magnos Senecm pnedivitis bortos Clausit, et egregias Lateranorum obsidet mc!l!s \, J..,' v

Tota oohors: rarus venit in ereDllcula miles. ,', " Pauca licet portes argenti vascula puri, Nocte iter ingressus gladium contumque timebis, 20 Et molal ad lunam trepidabis arundinis umbram : Cantabit va~uus coram latrone vialar. \' ( ,', .. Prima fere vota et cunctis notissima te~plis Divitim '; eresclUlt 'ut opes, ut maxima toto Nostra sit arca foro. Sed nulla aconita bibuntur 25 ;Jf~ctilibus. Tunc illa time, quum pocula sumes

, . Gem'mata, et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. , Jamne igitu!, la~das, quod de sapientibus alter '

Ridebat, quoties de limine moverat unum Protuleratque pedem; llebat contrarius auctor ? 30 Sed facilis euivis rigidi censura cachinni :i Mirandum est, unde iJle oculis suffecerit humor.

, Perpetuo risu pulmonem agitare solebat Democritus, quanquam non essent urbibus illis Prmtexta, et trabeal; fasces, leC?tica, tribunal. .' 36 Quid, si vidisset prretorem curribus altis , \ , Exstantem, et media sublimem in pulvere Circi In tunica Jovis, et pictal Sarrana ferentem Ex humeris Qull!la togm, magnalque coronm

, Tantum or~em, quanw cervix non sufficit uUa? 40 . Quippe tenet sudans hanc publicus, et, sibi consul 'Ne placeat, curru servus portatur eodem. Da nunc et voluerem, sceptro qum surgit eburno, Illinc comicines, hine prmcedentia longi

7* '

I /

t '


Agminis officia, et niveos ad fnena Quirites, Defossa in locu1is, quos sportula fecit amicos. '," Tunc quoque materiam risUs invenit ad omnes Occursus hominum, cujus prudentia monstrat, Summos posse viros, et magna exempla daturos, Vervecum in patria. crassoque sub aere nasci. :' , Ridebat curas, nee non et gaudia vulgi, Interdum et lacrymas, quum Fortunre ipse minaci Mandaret laqueum, mediumque ostenderet unguem. Ergo supervacua hrec aut pemiciosa petuntur, Propter qure fas est ge~ua incerare deorum.

Quosdam prrecipitat subjecta potentia magme Invidire; mergit longa atque insignis honorum

45

50

55.

P~na; descendunt stature, re~~mque sequuntur. U1.ll. (psas deinde rotas bigarum impacta securis (1,." ."J

Credit, et immeritis franguntur crura cabaUis. A.v~) 60 Jam stridunt ignes, jam follibus atque caminis L.11,., , . \'" "" Ardet adoratum populo caput, et crepat ingens Sejanus: deinde ex facie totoorbe secunda Fiunt urceoli, pelves, sa~ago, patellre. ' Pone domi lauros, due in Capitolia magnum . Cretatumque bovem: Sejanus ducitur unco

, ~ . 65

Spectandus: gaudent omnes. Qure labra? quis illi - I , ~. V ultus erat? nunquam, si quid mihi credis, ama~ I . (' t I • ~. ' .'

Hunc hominem: sed -quo cecidit sub crimine? quisnam Delator? quibus indiciis? quo teste prob;vit ? 70 Nil horum: verbosa et grandis epistola venit A Capreis. Bene habet;· nil plus interrogo. Sed quid Turba Remi? Sequitur Fortunam, ut semper, et odit Damnatos. Idem populus, si N ursia TulCO •

SATIBA X.

Favisset, si oppressa foret secura &enectus Principis, hac ipsa Sejauum diceret hora Augustum. Jam pridem, ex quo sufiagia Dulli

~\\.,~;{tl VeDdimus, e~it curas: nam qui dabat'olim Imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se fontinet, atque duas tautUm res anxius optat, Panem et Circenses. Perituras audio tnultos. NIl dubium ; magna est fo~cula: pallidulus mi Brutidius meus ad Martis fuit obvius aram. Quiun timeo, victus ne prenas ex!!.at Ajax,

, ',., Ut male defensus! curramus pnecipites, et, Dum jacet iD rip., calcemus Cesaris hostem. Sed videant servi, De quis neget, et pavidum in jus Cervice obslricti,dominum trahat.· Hi sermones Tunc de Sejano, secreta hec monnura vulgi.

79

80

86

Visne salutari, sicut Sejauus? habere . ': L' 90 ,~ 'f>',.....~ Tan!undem, atque iJli summas donare cu~!lJ.es? ,',,:,,", fJw~ hotL Illum exercitibus .pne..,POnere? tutor baberi il , .•.

Principis august. Caprearum in rope sedenUs Cum grege Chaldeo? Vis cerre'pila, cohortes, ! Egregios equiies, et castra domestica ? QuidDi Hmc cupias? et, qui nolunt occidere quenquam,

9i

Posse volun~. Se~ que pneclara et prospera tanh,,\ ~ ~ i. Ut rebus lle11S P!! §It mensura malorum? " "" :" . Hujus, qui trahitur, pnetextam sumere mavis, An Fidenarum Gabiorumque esse potestas, ;' . , . 100 Et de mensura jus dicere, vasa minora Frangere pan.!lOsus va~is edilis Ul1l,bris? Ergo quid optaltdum foret, ignor8sse fateris Sejanum: Dam qui nimios optabat honores, /"

•• I

80 D. JUNII JUfENALlS

106 Et nimias poscebat opes, numerosa parabat Excelsre torris tabulata, unde aWor esset J;L .. -X..<'>

Casus, et imp.Ylsre pne2~ps immane ruinre. ,.J~<~ .. L"(

Quid Crassos, q~d Pompeios evertit? et illum, ' Ad sua qui domitos deduxit fiaNa Quirites? .LL----~y..J

I'. Summus nempe locus nulla non arte petitus en.u.", 110 , Magnaque ~~minibus vota 'ex;udita malignis. Q • •

" '[. Ad gen,erum Cereris sine crede et vulnere pauci _ Descendunt reges, et sicca. morte tyranni.

Eloquium ac famam Demosthenis aut Ciceronis , ", ) / .. Incipit optare, et totis Quinquatribus optat, [I". ';/~'t,: ' 11i . Quisquis adhuc ~o pa~ colit asse Min.!'~vam~ !t--'l.-..u...\l.(

Quem sequitur custos angustre vernula CJP.SI8. -'4< I <!Au l 1,.., , Eloquio sed uterque perit orator: utrumque Largus et exundans leto dedit ingenii fODS. Iogenio manus est et cervix cresa; Dec unquam 120 Sanguine causidici ~aduerunt rostra pusilli •..•. u...;I, l ,.; > :'

o fortunatam natam me consule Romam.! Antoni gladios potuit contemnere, si sic • Omnia dix.isset. Ridenda poemata malo, t • A'. Ie', , ,. J

Quam te conspicure, divina Philippica, (amre, Volveris a prima qure proxima. Srevus et illum Exitus eripuit, quem mirabantur Athenre

IJ5

Torrentem, et pleni moderantem frrena theatri. '; . u· [ ,', C'· ' .

D"1S ilIe adversis genitus fatoque sinistro, .,' Quem pater ardentis massm fuligine lippus A carbone, et fo;cipibus, gladiosque parante Incude; et luteo V ulc,¥lO, ad rhetora misi~

t.· ./ 130

Bellorum exuvire, tr~9is affixatropreis uJ P Lorica, et fracta de casside buccula pendens,,l. "

, SATIBA X. 81 ;,L '" '<Il , "

Et curtUm temone jugum~ victeque triremis 135 ~'\ Aplgstre, et summo tristis captivus in ucu, t'

Humaois majora bonis creduotur: ad hec se Romaous, GrJliusque, ac barbarus induperator . ,. ,).

+V> WI. Erexit ; causas diseriminis atque laboris - -lode habuit. Taoto major fame sitis est, quam 140 V ututis. Quia eoim virtutem amplectitur ipsam, Premia si tollas? Patriam tameo obruit olipl Gloria paucorum, et laudis titulique cupido Hesuri saxis cioerum custodibus; ad que , 'I ,

D~utienda valent sterilis mala lObora ficUs; :: " ',,,, 145 Quaodoquidem data suot ipsis quoque rata sepulcris. Expende Haonibalem: quot libras in duce summo

"~I r ~ Inveines? hic est, quem non capit Mrica Mauro

.. b •. : •. Percussa Oceaoo, N'iloque admotatepenti, "Rursus ad lEthiopum populos altosque e~tos. 150 Additur imperiis Hispania: Pyreoeum Transsilit. Opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque: Diducit seopulos, et montem rumpit aceto. "' 1 ' • ,

Jam tenet ltaliam: tamen ultra pergere tendit : ... 14.,,>" Actum, inquit, nihil est, nisi Preno milite portas 15i

I Frangimus, et media vexillum pono Subura. t (, .' ".' o qualis facies, et quali digna tabella, Quum Getula ducem portaret be~.!1a luseum ! . Exitus ergo quia est r 0 gloria! vincitur idem Nempe, et in exsilium preceps fugit, atque ibi Magnus 160 Mirandusque cliens sedet ad pretoria regis, }, /. , Donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno. c/.·

Finem aoime, que res humaoas miseuit olim, NOD gladii, DOD saxa dabuot, nec tela; sed iDe

D. JUNIl JUVENALIS

Cannamm vindex, ac tanti sanguinis ultor, 166 Annulus. I, demens, et salvas curre per Alpes, Ut pueris placeas, et declamatio fias! (. u L<--\':,l .,t '\ Unus PeDlllo juveni non sufficit orbis : JEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi, L l, .. : .' Ut Gyarlll clausus &Copulis, parvaque Seripho. ~ 70 Quum tarnen a fig!:,~ munitam intraverit urbem, ~~; i ... ] ~ ! I- \....;','

Sarcophago cententus erit. Mors sola fatetur, d.L :'<""'-" Quantula sint hominum corpuscula. Creditor olim _ Velificatus Athos, et quidquid Grmcia mendax ) i'~"" .' " .{,<

Audet in historia: const~aium classibus isdem,,(~l175 Suppositumque rotis solidum mare: credimus altos Defecisse amnes, epotaque flumina Medo tl'! "," k !,.t',

Prandente, et madidis cantat qUill Sostratus~. ) L-<.',' ;,

IDe tamen qualis rediit Salamine relicta, , \ ',lOt 'A .. " In Corum atque Eurum solitus slllvire,flagellis 180 Barbarus, lEolio nunquam hoc in carcere passos, )1V~'\ th{

Ipsum compe.~ibus qui vinxerat Enn()sigmum? ~ t fI,t', ~,' k:. '/"." Mitius id sane, quod non et stigmate dignum 'It: ...... Credidit.!' lIuic quisquam vellet semre deorum ? Sed qualis rediit ~ nempa una nave, cruentis 186 Fluctibus, ac tard" per densa cadavera prod. Has toties optata exegit gloria prenas.

Da spatium vitlll, multos da, Jupiter, annos! Hoc re,!lto vultu solum, hoc et pallid us optas. Sed quam continuis et quantis longa senectus 190 Plena malis! deformem et te~m ante omnia vultum J! y. • {~. Dissimilemque sui, deformem pro cute pellero, '~"'"... , Pendentesque genas, et tales adspice rugas, Quales, umbriferos ubi pa~dit Tabraca saltus, ,I,) o..h ' A

SATIRA X. 83

In vetull scaJpit jam mater simia bucd. [,.,1. 195 Plurima sunt juvenum discrimina: pulchrior ilie Hoc, atque ilIe alio; multum hic robustior illo. '[, . \ Una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra .' '. Et jam leve capu,t, ma~~ue inf~tia nasi •. ":"""'\~'L4L 'u

i ~ Frangendus misero gingiva. panis in~rmi: (~,..w.>' -200 Usq,:,e adeo gravis uxorI, natisque, sibique,

'."/, :,....; .. Ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso. ~\. u_~) . I Non eadem vini atque cfui, torpente palak" .

Gaudia.-Prmterea qum nunc can~ante voluptas, ""'" I • ', •.

Sit licet eximius citharreilus, sitve Seleucus, 205 Et quibus auram mos est fulgere lacernl? Quid refert, magni sedeat qui. parte theatri, Qui vix comicines exaudiat atque tubarum •

.I.c(t..o',.,....."..col!..~entus? c1amore opus est, ut sentiat auris,. . "Quem dicat venisse puer, quot nuntiet h~ras.\-)-·' 210 Prlelerea minimus gelido jam in corpore sanguis Febre ealet so]a.; circumsilit agmine facto Morborum omne genus: quorum si nomina qumras, Promptius expediam, quot ,amaverit Hippia moochos, Quot Themison mgros autumno occiderit uno, 216

I,. . , Quot Basilus socios, quot cireumse~pserit Hirrus f. (. , .' ;.

Pupillos ;-citius, quot villas possideat nunc, Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat. Ille humero, hie lumbis, hie coxa. debilis, ambos Perdidit iDe oculos, et luscis invidet: hujas 220 Pallida labra eibum aeeipiunt digitis alienis.

I I Ipse ad conspectum coome diducere rictu.!Jl', .' . /' ) ~ : Suetus, hiat tantUm, ceu pullus hirundinis, ad quem

Ore volat pleno mater jejuna. Sed omni ;' .

l\'1z::mIs:'omm damno d:~mnntia: qun: nne Nnmina nnrvnrum, nnn vultum at:;noseit ::mini, Cnm quo qrreterita crenavitnocte; nec iIlos, '~i''''~ lt~",.< Q,uos genuit, quos eduxit: nam codice srevo \~,\)_, ! .,yu.;1 Hreredes vetat esse suos; bona ~ta fert~ntur ,', -' :~'i" Ad Phiakn: tant:':m l:rtihcir nahrK on::, IsIsO Qnod :utetnrat muhis· cnrcere fnrninis neni:?, • I, ,,~\ I'

(' Ur vigeant seUlU:: animi, ducenda tamen sunt (..-~~ Fune;a nato'Ium, rogus adspiciendus amatre Conjugis et fratris, plenreque sororibus urnre. Hrec data prena diu l"::nOU:lta Semprr chrdn domUs, multis in bctibus, inqnn P:,:lP::KUO mreror::, et vnste selll:SC:mt. Rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero, Exemplum vitre fuit a cornice secundre; llo. (" >

Felix nimirum, qUi tot per srecula mnrtem Distulit, aE:tUn SUGS d;xtr:tf GnGGS, Quiqu:: nm/um toties mUi:Kum bihi£! OrG, ,',lI""lnn,'i'

Attl~nd::s, liuantum de ledibus ipse queratur i

Fatorum, et nimio de stamine, quum videt acds \\ '.\oJ (!" tJ.i'

Antilochi barbam ard!lntem; quum qurerit ab omni, 245 ~ , Q::lsquis sonius, CUl hn:e in ternpom duret, Quud f,ci:ms hignum tam lou dO udmiserit reuG? Hnc :'adel:l Paleas, x'aptam IUdet Achillem, Atque alius, cui fas Ithacum lugere natantem. Incolumi Troja 'Priam us venisset ad umbras Assaraci magnis solemnihus, Hectore funus (~ . \

r::liquis frutrum ,lUl:uu,cm" la::rymas, nt primus uder; ph!lCEnS \' Cassandra inciperet, scissaque Polyxena palla,

.. I

"8'l .uy _,-, ~.

250

SATlRA x. ~.- ~:!-

Si foret exstinctus diversotempore, quo non Creperat audaces Paris redificare carinas. Longa dies igitur.quid contulit? omnia vidit Eversa, et flammis Asiam -ferroque cadentem. Tunc miles tremulu::; posita tulit arma tiara,

tH Et ruit ante aram summi -Jovis, ut vetulus bos, .i,'

Qui domini cultris tenue et miserabile collum k,..,t Prrebet, ab ingrato ja; fast!ditus aratro. - ctJ~:"

85

255

260

,,,,- Exitus ilIe utcunque hominis: sed torva canino ~ ~:, ~.'

YW Latravit r~ctu, qUa} post hune vixerat, uxor. Festino ad nostros, et regem transeo Ponti, Et Crresum, quem vox ju;ti facunda Solonis Respicere ad longre jussit spatia ultima vitre. Exsilium, et career, Minturnarumque paludes, Et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis, /,. .

l.' ' Hinc ca~sas habuere. . Quid ilIo cive tulisset ""~atura in terris, quid Roma b~atiu; un quam,

Si circumducto captivorum agmine, et omni Bellorum pompa, animam exhalasset opimam, Quum de Teutoqico vellet descendere curru ?

, Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres Optandas: sed multre urbes et publica vota Vicerunt. Igitur Fortuna ipsius et Urbis Servatum vic!~ caput abstulit. Hoc cruciatu Lentulus, hac prena caruit ceciditque Celhegus Integer, et jacuit Catilina cadaveretoto.

Formam optat modico pueris, majore puellis Murmure, quum Veneris fanum videt anxia mater, Usque ad delicias votorum. Cur tamen, inquit, Corripias? Pulchra. gaudet Laton~ Diana..

8

265

270

275

280


Sed vetat optari {aeiem Lucretia, qualem ~i Ipsa babuit: cuperet Rutile Virginia gib~um t.~v,:.:. Accipere, atque suam Rutile dare. Filius autem Corporis egregii miseros trepidosque pareotes Semper babet. Rara est adeo concor:dia forme Atque pudicitie! . Sanctos licet horrida more» Tradiderit domus, ac veteres imitata- Sabinos ; Prwterea castum ingenium vuhumque modesto Sanguine ferventem tribuat natura benigna Larga manu; (quid enim puero conferre potest plus Custode et cura natura potentior omlli l') Non licet esse viris: nam prodiga corruptoris Improbitlls ipsos audet tentare parentes.-

~90

295

Sed casto quid forma nocet? quid profuit immo Hippolyto grave propositum? quid Bellerophonti ?r)A-""' ..... Erubuit nempe hec, ceu fastidita, repulsa.. ' 3QO Nec Sthenobooa millus, quam Cressa, excanduit, et se ("--,,,

'-. Concussere ambe. Mulier srevissima tunc est, Quum stimulos odio pudor admovet. Elige qui~ Suadendum esse putes, cui nubere Ca)saris uxor. Destinat ? Optimus hic et formosissimu~ idem . Gentis patricia) rapitur miser exsti~guendus

....... \' I Messalinre oculis: dudllm sedet ilia parato Flammeolo, Tyriusque palam genialis in bo~s '. _,' Sternitur, et ritu decies centena dabuntur Antiquo; veniet CUID signat,o..t:ibus auspex. r

Hrec tu secreta et paucis commissa putabas ? Non, nisi legitime, vult nubere. Quid placeat, die : Ni parere velis, pereundum erit ante. .lucemas : Si scelus admittas, dabitur mora parvula, dUIB res

310

:'j',

aTIRA x. 87

Nota Urbi et populo contingat' principis aures. Dedecus ilJe domUs sciet ultimus: interea tu

- 316

Obsequere imperio; sit tanti vita dierum Paucorum. Quidquid melius leviusque putaris, PrlBbenda est gladio, pu\ahra hmc et candida cervix.

3!!O Nil ergo. ()ptabunt homines? Si consilium vis,

Permittes ipsis exp~~ere numinibus, qwd \\t~ i,l , .'.' Convenia1l Dobis rebusque sit utile Dostris. Nam pro j.cundis aptissima qureque dabunt cli. Carior est illis: homo, qll8.m sibi. Nos animorum Impulsu, et cleca magnaque cupidine ducti

~...... \ Conjugium petimus partumqne uxoris:, at illis 1.1 Nowm, qui pueri, 'lualisque futura sit uxor.

\ ' Ut tamen et poscas aliquid, voveasque sacellis .~, \.~"\'"

Exta, et candiduli divina tomacula porci; " Orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sanO. Fortemposce animum, mortis terrore cHentem, Qui spatium vita extremum inter monera pooat Naturm, qui Cerre queat quoseunque labores, Nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil, et potiores ~d' ,

Hereulis lerumnas credat slevosque labores Et Venere, et crenis, et pluma Sardaoapali. Monstro, quod ipse tibi possis dare: semita certe Tranquil:he per virtutem patet unica vita. NuDum nume~habe~ si sit prudentia: nos te, ',' Nos facimu~ "ortuDa, Deam, creloque locamus. '.

3Si

I l'\.

340

\


SATIRA XI.

ATTICUS eximie si crenat, la~tus habetur ; ..• -".-Si Rutilus, demens. Quid enim majora cachinno Excipitur vulgi, quam pauper Apicius? Gmnis Convictus, thermal, stationes, omne theatrum De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac juvenilia membra 5 Sufficiunt galeal, dum que ardent sanguine, fe~tw, " " Non cogente quidem,sed neC? prohibente tribuno, '( V" 1:" " \ Script!lrus leges et regia verba lanistlll. -Multos porro vides, quos salpe elusus ad ipsum ' Creditor int1'oitum solet exspectare macelli, A. 10 Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est. Egregius crenat, meliusque misertimus horum, Et cito casurus jam, perlucente ruina. Interea gustus elementa per omnia qUalrunt, ')"" Nunquam animo pretiis obstantibus: interim si 15 Attendas, magis' iIIa juvant, qUal pluris emuntur. " Ergo haud difficile est, perituram arce~.re Stimmam --t,:"" ~'~ f' " Lancibus oppos'itis, vel matris imagine fracta., ). "", , I Et quadringentis nummis condire gulosum 1.t.~' ... ,: it,i--, ~r,

Fictile: sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi. ~ "'.l 20 Refert ergo, quis halC eadem paret: in Rutilo Dam -' Luxuria est; in Ventidio laudabile nomen Sum it, et a censu famam trahit. Illum ego jure .'

• Despiciam, qui scit, quanto sublimior Atlas Omnibus in Libya sit montibus; hic tamen idem • Ignoret, quantum ferrata distet ab arca. '. ',' .. \-' Sacculus'. E crelo descendit P"Oi':h a~a'llToJl,

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SATIltA XI. \ '

Figendum et ~i i~~~ndum pectore, sive Conjugium queras, vel sacri in parte senaiUs Ease velis ~ nee enim loricam poscit Acbillis Tbersites, in qua, se traosducebat Ulyxes. r! '. '- l' '.

~ ,Ancipitem seu tu Magno discrimine causam in " Protegere a-ftectas; te consl!le, dic tibi, qui sis,

Orator vehemens, an Curtius et Matho bOCCie. l'

Noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus In summis minimisque, etiam quum piscis emetur ; Ne mullum cupias, quum ,sit tibi gobio tantum

; , ',. _ In loculis. Quis enim te, deficiente Cnlmena, Et c~escente gula, manet exitus, ~ paterno \-" ~ Ac rebus merais in ventrem, frenoris atque' Argenti gravis et pegorum agrorumque capa~em? (', Talibus a domillis post cuncta novissimus exit Annulus, et digito mendicat Pollio Budo.

,(- ,.:' Non prmmaturi cineres, nec funus ac~rbum ,.,Luxurile; sed,morte magis metuenda senectus.

~~lO-:' Hi plerumque gradus: cond?cta pecunia Romm /V-' Et coram d0tDinis consumitur: inde ubi paulum,

Nescio quid, 8uperest, et pallet frenoris auctor, Lt,,_ L! ,Qui vei1ere solum, Baias et ad os~a ~u~nt.

\ ' Cedere ~amque foro jam DOD est deterius, quam Esquilias a fer~Dti migrare Subura. Ille dolor solus patriam fugientibus, illa Mrestitia est, catuisse anno Circensibus uno.

, .' -" Sanguinis in facie non halret gutta: morantur Pauci ridiculum eifugientern ex Urbe pudorem.

Experiere bodie, nunquid pulcherrima dictu, Persice~ DOD pr'lestelll vita, vel moribua et re;

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D. JUNII JUVENALI~:~~' . ---" ~., ...

Sed laudem siliquas occultus ganeo ; 'puJtes Coram aliis dictem puero, ~ed in aure placentas.:' • .

90

Nam, quum sis conviv8 mibi promissus, habebis 60 Evandrum, venies Tirynthius, aut minor illo '--:~ 'L ~" 'r ~ ,

Ho;;pes, et ipse tamen co~tiogens sanguine crelum ; Alter aquis, aher flammis ad sidera missus. Fercula nunc audi nullis or~ata macellis. \ \ ....... ~, ~ .". De Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro' . Hredulus, et toto grege mollior, inscius herbre, Necdum ausus virgas humilis mQrdere salicti,

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Qui plus lactis habet, ~uam sanguinis; et montani Asparagi, posito quos legit villica ·fuso. \ '. \. , . .' Grandia prreterea tortoque caleotia freno .. , . ~.c .:: .... ;.70 Ova adsunt ipsis cum matribus, et sepvatre \. . Parte anni, quales fuerant in vitibus, uvre : Signinum Syriumque pyrum, de corbibus isdem '. " : . lEmula Piceois et odoris mala recentis, Nec metuenda tibi, siccatum frigore postquam Autumnum et c~di posuere pericula succi. . ' Hrec olim nostri jam luxuriosa senarus

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Crena fuit. Curius, parvo qure legerat horto, \ I

Ipse focis brevibus ponebat oluscula, qure Dunc " . ", , Squalid us in magna fastidit compede fossor, ~ .. I. :. '. 80

.-.Qui meminit, calidre sapiat quid vulva popinre. .. .. '\~.-t., .. ' : Sicci t~ga suis, l'~~a pendentia c~;, r.l \..01: . ~ '.11<,

Moris erat quondam festis servare diebus, " Et natalitium cognatis ponere lardum, ., t; ."

Accedente nov'; si quam dabat hostia, carne. Cognatorumaliquis, titulo ter CODSulis, atque Castrofum imperiis et dictatoris hooore

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UTIRA XI. 91

.!' ;Functlls, ad has' epulas solito maturiils ibat, Erectum domito referens a monte ]igonem. Quum tref!l~rent autem Fabios, durumque Camnem, '. 90 L,,, Et Scauros, ct Fabricios, postremo severos . CeWloris mores etia:m collega timeret ; .\ \ Y Nemo inter curas et seria duxit habendum,' '" ; .

• I ~. I Qua]is in oceani fluctu tesludo nataret; " CI~rum Trojugenis faetura ac nobile fu]crum: • ~ . ... q 'Sed nudo latere et parvis frons rerea lecti;

Vile coronati caput ostendebat aselli, Ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni. ~ (. Tales ergo 'Cibi, qualis domus atque supeilex.

IYTI" Tunc rlldis et Graias mirari nescius artes, Urbibus-eversis, pnedarum in parte reperta

• Magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles, ". '. Ut phaleris gauderet equus, ca:l~taque cassis

Romulem simulacra ferm mansue,scere jussm " Imperii fato, geminos sub rupe Quirinos,

.(..lV Ac n'udam effigiem c1ypeo venientis et basta ~tf. "" Pen~entisque d~l, perituro ostenderet bosti.

Argenti quod- erat, solis fulgebat in armis. :' Pooebant igitur Tusco farrata catino.'

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Omnia tunc, quibus invideas, si lividulus sis. (",,-,, ",,-, 110 Templorum quoque majestas prmsentior, et vox Nocte fere media, mediamque audita per Urbem, Littore ab Oceani Gallis venientibus, et dis Officium vatis peragentibus, bis monuit nos. Hanc rebus Latiis curam prmstare solebat Fictilis et nullo violatus Jupiter auro. Ilia domi natas no5traque ex arbo~ mensas ') " " " ,

115


Tempora videruot; bos ligJlUm stabat ie usus, i t·t ~I < <, I' :' (

Annosam si forte Ducem dejecerat Eurus. . 1 .. ", f . ,4 ! A. t' (, Itl. nunc divitibus OOlnandi IUlUa voluptas, . I' • , 1 1.90

. " Nil rhombus, nil dama sapit: putere videm:ur ~lJ .. rn.. f f I ,

Ungue~ta atque rO;Ee"l~ nisi. sustinet orbes i;.-d-U: l.(i. Lt. l ( I,

Grande ebur, et magna sublimis pa~dus hiaw, 'i/. /.'

Dentibus ex illis, qu0S mittit P'?rta Syenes, rn..;,':. '~" '/".' Et. Mauri celeres, et Mauro obsclK'ior Indus, lie. Et quos deposuit Nabatleo bellua ~~, '. '/ Fl "

Jam nimios capitique graves. Hine surgit orexis, ,J;. {I

Hinc stomacho bills: nam pes argenteus ilIis, Annulus in digito q';lOd ferreus. Ergo superbum \" \, Convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparat, et res ,\ 130 Despicit exiguas. Adee> nulla u~ia nobis u-<-.')' L'

Est eboris, nee tesselllll, nee calcull1s ex b8c ('. ,'~) . , , ... Maleria: quia ipsa ma!lubria cultel!orum (. (,. : /"" !, ~', ,'L

Ossea. Non tamen his ulla Wlquam 0pS9nia fiunt I .. ,,~ ...... .(.)

:" " " r Rancidula, aut ideo pejor gallina secatur. 136

"

.' Sed nee structor erit, cui cedere deheat omms Pergula, diScipulus Trypheri doctoris, apud quem

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Sumine cum magno lepus, atque aper, et py~, ~ Et ScythiCal volucres, et phamicopterus ingens;./;, . .:

• ...l( ... ~

Et Galtulus oryx, hebeti lauti~sima ferro, '/" ",', 140 Calditur, et tota sonat ulmea crena Subura. {[ )"';_ Nee frustum capreal subducere, nee latus A(lal I r ", .~/

Novit avis noster tirunculus, ac rudis omoi 'It" . ,,(

Tempore, .. et exigulll furtis imbutus of~llal. P1ebeios calices et paucis assibus emptos ~ Porriget incultus puer atque a frigore tutus : 'Non Phryx, aut Lycius, DOD a m~e petitus

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8A.TIRA XI • 93

.Quisquam erit, et magno. Quum posces, posce Latine. Idem habitus cunctis, tqnsi rectique capilli, Atque hodie tantum propter convivia pexi. 150 Pastoris dpri hic est filius, ille bubulci. ; {,," Suspirat longo non visam tempore ~atrem, Et casulam et notos tristis desiderat hmdos Jngenui vultUs puer ingenuique pudoris, Quales esse decet, quos ardens purpura vestit.- 155 Hic tibi viDa dabit, diffusa: in montibus illis, A qui bus ipse venit, quorum sub vertice lusit : N amque una atque eadem est vini patria atque ministri.

~ Non capit has nugas humilis domus. Audiat ilIa Testarum crepitus' cum verbis, nudum olido stans 160

.' . Fomice mancipium quipus abstinet; ille fruatur ..' ,'~, , V ooibus obscrenis omnique libidinis arte,

.,' p. Qui Lacedremonium pyti~mate lubricat orbem : . ; Namque ibi Fortunre veniam damus. Nea turpis,.

\ ~ Turpe et adulterium mediocribus. Hrec eadem illi J 65 "'. ". -' Omnia q~um faciant, bilares nitidique vocantur.

Nostra dabunt alios hodie convivia ludos: "-___ C0l!ditor Uiados cantabitur, atque Maronis .",,' Altisoni dubiam facientia carmina palmam.

Quid refert, tales versus qua. voce legantur? 170 .~ Sad nunc di~atis averte negotia curis,

. 'Et gratam requiem dona tibi, quando licebit Per fotam cessare diem: non frenoris ulla

. ,. .... Mentio, nec, prima si Iuee egressa, reverti Nocte solet, tacito bilem tibi contrabat uxor.- 175 Protenus ante meum, quid quid dolet, exua limen: Pone domum at servos, at qui&iuid"frau~itur illis1

D. JUNlI ~NAL18

Aut perit: iDlP'atos ante omnia pone socWea. Interea Megalesiacm. ~ectacula mapp18 .~:'\ :' ,),vIY-

Idmum solemne colunt, simiIisque triumpho. VJ.l80 Preda eabl\!!orum prmtor sedet; ap, mibi Pl':ce. ; IU'; •

ImmellSlll nimimque lieet si dicere plebi~ Totam hodie Romam circus capit; ~t. fr~r aorem Pereutit, eventum viridis quo ooJligo panni; 1.(.,. NlYD, si deficeret, IDQlStam attonitamque Yider~s Hanc urbem, veluti CanDarum in. pulvere victis ConsuJibus. SpecteBt juvenes, qups clamor et aud~ S~ qUO$' cultal decet assedisse. puellm; " , Spectent hoc nup~, juxta recubante glaritoJ

Ql¥>d l'ud.eat narra.sse ali,!uem presCJJ1ibus ipsis. Nostra bibln vemtD contraeta euticula soletn, ;' Effugiatque togam.. Jam J.NiDIc iD baloea, salva Fronte, licet ,.adas, quanquam solida bora supersit Ad sextam. Faeere boo lion possis quinque diebua Continw., quia sUDt talis quoque tledia vile Magna. VohIptMes eommenGat rarior-1:ISWI.

SATlRA XIL ,\

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.. NA.TA.L1, Corvina, die mihi dulcior bee lux, lS'" Qua festus promissa deis aoimalia cespes "-rl Exspectat. Niveam Regime ducimus agaam :

, Par vellus da~itar puputi GorgoM M~ra. I I': r f.'·n.

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Sed pl'OQll.~teatwn peRUaas qnatit bestia f~emt " , . I

-4AftUXII.

'L A Tarpeio servate Jon, 1iroo~emque 'coruscat : I . Quippe fel'Gx-vitulus, templis matyJ'us et arm t •••

Spargendusque mero, qaem jam pudet, ubera matris Ducere, qui ve!.~t nascenti roborll cornu. .~ r (' '

,\..4-\ Si res ampla domi similisque afFectibus asset, 10 Pinguior Hispulla t~eretur taurus, et ipsa

.. ',.1 Mole piger, necfinilima nutritlls in heroo; ,) C" x.;,ta se,(ostendens Clitumni pa~lla sanguis ;·.t.~\.. "''>

'./C" 11 Iret, et a grandi ('.emx ferierada ministro, I: ' ..

Ob reditum ~repidalltis adhllc, horrendaqlle passi 15 Nllper, et incolllmem sese mirantis amici. N am prreter pelagi casus, et fulguris ictllm

,. J.lA E~si, densre crelwn abscondere tenebrre Nllbe una, subitusque antennas impulit ignis; Quum se quisque illa percussum crederet, et moll: 20 Attonitus nuUuln C?O~rri posse putaret ~"y',,:.,.,

Naufragium velis ardelltihus. Omnia fiunt " Talia, tam graviter, !i quando poetica surgit Tempestas. Genus ecce aliud discriminis: audi Et miserere iterum, quanquam siot cretera sortis ~5

Ejusde!ll: pars dira quidem, sed cognita multis, Et quam v~tiva. testaDtur fana tabella "!. • Plurima. Pictores quis nescit ab Iside pasci ? Accidit et nostra simiIis fortuna Catullo. Quum plenus fluctu medius foret alyeus, et jam, 30 AIternum puppis latus evertentibus undis Arboris incertre, Dullam prudentia cani Rectoris conferret opem; decidere jactu : '" Crepit cum ventis ;-Fundite, qure mea sunt, dicebat, cuncta, Catullus, 35

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Prmcipitare volens etiam pulcherrima, vestem Purpuream, teneris quoque l\'lmcenatibus aptam, Atque alias"quarum generosi graminis ipsum Infu.cit natura pecus; sed et egregius fons ( I "r".' , c •• '·

Vlfibus occultis, et Bmticus adju\'at aero me nee argentum dubitabat mittere, l~nces Parthenio faetas, umm cratera capac em,

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Et dignum sitiente Pholo, vel conjuge Fusci. Adde et baseaudas, et mille esc aria, multum ,I'

Cmlati, biberat q~o callidus emp'tor Olynthi~,'<' I .. '" • 45 Sed quis nunc alius, qua Mundi parte, quis audet Argento prmferre caput rebusque salutem ? Non propter vitam faciunt patrimonia quidam, Sed vitio cmci propter patrimonia vivunt. Jaetatur rerum utilium pars muima: sed nec 50 Damna ley.:"nt. Tunc, adv~~sis urgentibus, illuc -' " 'I';~,' Recidit, ut malum ferro submitteret, ac se Explicat angustum, discriminis ultima quando ; Prmsidia afi'erimus, navern faetura minorem. " I nunc, et ventis animam committe, dolato ( _ (, '" '.' Confisus ligno, 'digitis a morte remotus Quatuor aut septem, si sit latissirna tmda ! . '" , Mox cum reticulis, et pane, et ventre lagenm, ' ... /. Adspice sumendas in ter.npestate secures.-'

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Sed postquam jacuit pll!-nurn mare, tempora postquam 60 Prospera vectoris fatumque valentius Euro Et pelago, postquam Parcm meliora benigna Pensa manu ducunt hilares, et stanlinis albi Lanificm, Modica nec muhum fonior aura Ventus adest: inopi miserabiJis a~e cucurrit 65

',~ 't

SATIRA XII.

Vestibos exteotis, et, quod superaverat uoum, Velo prora suo; jam deficieotibus Austris, Spes vitre cum sole redit: tum gratos lulo, Atque novercali sedes prrelata Lavino,

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Conspicitur sublimis apex, cui candida nomen 70 Scrofa dedit, lretis Phrygibus mira bile sumen, \ ,I ,: \

Et nunquam visis triginta clara mamillis. Tandem iotrat positas inclusa per requora moles, Tyrrbenamque Pharon, porrectaque brachia rursum, Qure pelago occurrunt medio, longeque relinquunt 7£i Italiam. Non sic igitur mirabere pgrtus, > ,', Quos natura dedit: sed trunca. puppe magister Interiora petit Baianre' pervia cymbre Tuti stagna sinus. Gaudent ibi vertice raso Garrula securi narrare perieula nautre. SO

Ite igitor, pueri"linguis animisque faventes, "c"

Sertaque delubris at farra imponite cultris, Ac moUes ornate focos glebamque virentem : Jam sequar, et sacra, quod prrestat, rite peracto, Inde domum repetam, graciles ubi parva corQnas 85 Accipiunt fragili simulacra nitentia cera. Hie nostrum plaeabo Jovem, Laribusque paternis Thura dabo, atque omnes violre jact~bo colores. Cuncta nilent: longos erexit janua ramos, Et matutinis operatur festa lueernis. 90

Nee suspeeta tibi sint hrec, Corvine. Catullus, Pro cujusreditu tot pono aItaria, parvos Tres habet hreredes. Libet exspectare, quis Illgram Et claudentem oculos gallinam jmp~ndat amicQ

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Tam sterili. Verum hlee nimia est impensa: coturnix 95 "-

NullFi uncfY?am pro ccadeL ScntirFi ealFirem Si erepit loeuples Gallitac et Paeeius, orbi, Legitime fixis vestitur tota. tabellis

EX7cistU¥ltc promittant heecltoxnhen Quatenus hie non sunt.nee venales elepbanti, 100

Belln" cfmCC~~~t1t;S;qc~x:: ~;:~X~:~~e s;!~~:: tali;;

Arboribus Rutulis et Turni'pascitur agr,?, Fismentum, nulli @enifm

Privato: siquidem Tytio parere solebant 105 • Uannihali, et nestris ducihus, Mfilossee

llormn ae dorsn fens eohertexc, Partem aliquam belli,. et euntem in prrelia turrirn. Nulla igittH' mesa peer Noniumc mm'e null;c pe~ Histl"U1l.! Pacuvium, quin illud ebur ducatur ad aras, . 110 Et cadat ante lares Gallitle, victima sola

dihoa dcci" efr. hnccum. Alter enim, si eoneedas maetare, vovebit De f;xtrcge @firvm'um n:mgmx aut Corpora; xel et frentibfls ancillarum

"Imponet vittas; et, 5i qua est nubilis illi bphipccnia ¥lomic dabit hann etsi Non sperat tragic Ie furtiva pi~cula eervle.

meum cinem, nee c..compctro tZcstamnntn c'atee, nXlkft, si Libitinam evacsccrit :eber?

Del,ebit tabula5, inclusus carcere nassle, ,.l

Gost xneritum 'Cane atque omnia snli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit'. IlIe superbus'

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BA.T1RA, XII. 99

Incedet victis rivalibus. Ergo vides, quam GraD'de operle pretium {acia~jugulata My~enis. 125

Viv,at Pa.cuvius, qUlBSO, vel Nestora totum : Possideat, quantum rapuit Nero: montibus 'aurum Exrequ~t; nee limet quenqiIam, nee ametur ab uno!

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D. JUNII JUVENALIS

AQ.UJNATIS ~.

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LIBER QUINTUS. •

SATIRA XllI.

EXEMPLO quodcunque malo commit~tur, ipsi \i.,:.~:·:i· Displicet auctoci. Prima est ,hree ultio, quOd se' ; v

Judice nemo noeens ~solvitur, improbaquamvis Gratia fa.!laci prretoris· vic~rit uma.~ !. " 'I .', ':',~. ~, :"Cl.. ( - . i Quid sentire putm! omnes, Calvine'.,recenti. . 5 De scelere et fidei violatre crimine? Sed nec .

, Tam tenuis census tibi contigit, 'ut mediocris Jacturre te mergat onus; nee rara videlnus, Q~re ,ateris. Casus multis hic cognitus,lic jam TJ;itus, et e medio Fortunre ductus acervo.

.' P,onamQs nimios. gemitus: Bagrantior requo " _.". Non debet dolor esse viri, nec vui!l.ere major. ~,~,' (.~

~ 'Ttl' qua'mvis levium minimam ~xiguamque malorum Particulam vix ferre potes, spulll,ant\bus ardens ,.:..

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,i~TlaA. XIJt'" , '" ':' : 101-.' .. . ... :;.: ::.:::.,":,,:.;~-~

V lSCeribus, . sacrum tibi 'quod noo red"dat" a-miC-u&· " Depositum, Stupet hec, qui jam post terga reliquit Sexaginta annos; Fonteio Consule Datus ?

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, An nihil in m~lius tot rerum p\o~is usu ? ~ ',' ., ".. " . M~gna ,quidem, sacris qUIB dat precepta libellis, '"'-, ", Victrix Fortun~ Sapien~ia, . Ducimus autem

IHos quoque felices, qui ferre incommoda 'vite, ~ .

Nec jactare jugum, vita didicere magistra... I •

20

:( t .)0 Que tam festa dies~ ut cesset pr~ere 'f!,lrem, , . " .. ' .', Perfidiam, fraudes, ·atque onini .ex crimine !ucrum Quresitum, et partos gladio vel pyxide nummos ~ :'

•

Rari quippe bODi: numerus vUe est totidem, quot Thebarum porte, ~el divitis osti'a Nili, Nona etas agitur, pejoraque seculll'ferri oTemporibus, quorum sceleri non invEmit ips~ Nome"n, et a nullo posuit natura metallo,·· .

.' . 30

/ Nos hominum divumque fidem elamore ciemus, '. ,. . . Quanto Fmsidium laud at vocali.s agentem

',-.L": Spo~~ula, Die, senior, bulbi. dignissime, nescis, Quas habeat ven~es aliena pecunia? nescis, i

\ Quem tua simplicitas risum vulgo moveat, quum 35 ,::.. .L"tExigis a quoquam, n~ pe~!et, et putet ollis • J • Esse aliquod numen templis arreque rubenti? '. Quondam hoc ind!genre vivebant mqre, prius quam .~, {,

Sumeret agrestem posito diadem ate falcem Satumus. fugienll; tunc,. quum virguncula Juno, Et privatus adhuc Ideis Jupiter aotris. Nulla super nubes coovivia cmlicolarum, Nec puer Iliacus, formosa nec Hercolis uxor Ad cyathos, et jam siccato nectare tergens

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............. ...... . ·oo· : :.~ : ' .. ," 102 _.. .' D ... I'Wm JUVEN4LIS

:~;":.'.:: ... :: ~.;,: ..... : Brachia V'uicanus t.iparmi" nigra. iabema.. Prandebat sibi quisque deus, nec turba deorum Talis, ut est hodie; contentaque sidera -paucis N uminibus miserum urgebant Atlanta mtnori '\..,,: Pondere. Nondum aliquis sortitus triste profundi Imperium, aut Sicula. torvus cum conjuge Pluto. Nec rota, nec Futire, nec saxum, aut vulturis atri Prena; sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrm. ,

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Improbitas illo (uit admirabilis revo. (, )', , ' , -, : Credebanthoc grande Defas et morte piandum, ( ,

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Si juvenis vetulo non adsurrexerat, et si r<',' '-, _. ;' - 55 Barbato cuicunque puer, licet ipse videret : I' " "

Plura domi fraga et majores glandis acervos. ,,' " ' Tam venera bile erat prrecedere quatuor annis, Primaque par adeo sacrre lal!ugo seDect;e ! Nunc, si depositum non inficietur amicus, Si reddat veterem cum tota ~rugine foUem, Prodigiosa fides et Tuscis dig~a libellis, Qureque coronata lustrari debeat agna.

,'l.' ••

Egregium sanctumque virum si cerno, bimemhri Hoc monstrum puero, aut miranti sub aratro Piscibus inventis, et fretre com para mulre, Sollicitus, tan quam lapides effuderit imber, Examenve apium 100gB. consederit uva Culmine delubri; tanquam in mare fluxerit amnis Gurgitibus miris, et lactis vortice torrens.

Intercepta decem quereris sestertia {raude Sacrilega? quid si bis centum perdidit alter Hoc arcana modo? majorem tertius ilIa Summam, quam patulre vix ceperat angulus arcre ?

60

65

70

.-.

SATIRA XIU. lOS

Tam facile et pronum est superos contemnere testes, '75 Si mortalis idem nemo sciat ! Adspice, quanta Vace neget; qure sit fieri constantia vuMs ! Per solis radios Tarpeiaque Culmina jurat, Et Martis fr!l_~eam, et Cirrhrei spicula vatis, Per calamos venatricis pharetramque Puellte, 80 Perque tuum, pater lEgrei Neptune, tridentem ; Addit et Herculeos arcus, hastamque Minerva:, Quidquid habent telorum armamentaria c.reJi. (, ': '" t • . ' , I.'

Si vere, et pater est: Comedam, inquit, llebile 'lati Sinciput elixi Phal'ioque madentis aceto. 85

S~nt, in Fortunre' qui casibus omnia ponant, Et nuJIo «redant mundum rectore moveri, Natura volvente vices et lucis et anni; Atque ideo intrepidi qurecunque altaria tangunt. Est alius, metuens ne crimen prena sequatur : 90 Hie putat esse deos et pejerat, atql1e ita secum : Decernat, quodcunque volet, de corpore nostro Isis, et ira to feriat mea lumina si!!tro, . Dummodo vel crecus teneam, quos abnego, nummos. Et phthisis, et vomicre putres, et dirnidium crus, 95 Sunt tanti ? Pauper locupletem optare podagram \,:. Ne dubitet Ladas, si non eget Anticyra nec' Archigene. Quid enim velocis gloria plantre Prautat, et esuri~ns Pisrere ramus olivlll ? . Ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira deorum est. 100 Si curant igitur cunctos punire nocentes, Quando ad me venient? sed et exorabile numen Fortasse experiar: solet his ignoscere. Multi Committunt eadem diverso crimina fato :

104 D. JUNJI JUVENALIS

IlIe crucem scelerif3 pretium sulit, diadf3ma. 1d5 Sic animum dirre trepidum formidine cuI pre COI3drmam~ Tmif3: te SaI3if3 ad ddnbra I3GG:mte£%l Prrecedit, trahere~ immo ultro ac vex are paratus. Nam: quum Giagn:l :nalre I3udaci14 uausre, Creditur a multis fiducia. Mimum agit ille, Urbani qualem fUlliti\'us scurra Catulli:, ,'.1,-':.

Tu miser ut Stt:nzura vim£ere Vel potius, quantum Gradivus Homericus: Audis, Jupitur', hreG, uec mOOf3S, qumsl mitsorr VOCrm Debueras, vel marmoreus vel aeneus? aut cur In eerhone chal't~~ pia shura sohtfl Ponimus, et. ,;ectmn uituli Olllenta? ut video, nullum discrimen habendum est Effih:es in~r uestrStt4 ahelli. x:

Accipe~ qure contra valeat solatia ferre,' , ' Et nee nee SZGR'ea dOllmata A d:ynicis TUnica disteetia, Gon EpieurUlI1 j,

"I, Suspicit exigui lretum plantaribus horti. ' ,. ' ' " ;,,' , ~ Cur<::nktlr duhn majoribus sOhsi ; , CO v

Tu venam vel discipulo committe Philippi. Si nullum in torris detnsssbile fHHtum Ostendis, taeeo; nee pugnis creqere pectus Te veto, nee plana. faciem contundere palma, '. ' LJr'",,, •• i,',,,",,,,,,",,,", acc£spto c1atl¥Kenda januu damnG;

110

LI5

120

125

Et majore domful gemitu, majore tumultu 130 Pland;,ntur If nmo dnlorem I

Fingit in hoc casu, vestem didu.cere summam {.", (I

Contnntus, nZ':nsre nnulos hu,Hure {:UiSto. ., .

Plorlltm' lacrymis pGeunia vesif3.

SATIRA XIII. , Sed si eUDeta vides simili fora plena querela,

~"-LU. Si, depies leotis diversa parte tabellis, . /' " Vana supel'!aeui dicunt chirograpba ligni, '"

... Arguit ipsorum quos littera, gemmaque princeps Sardonychum, loculis qum custoditur eburnis :

J! 1"\. Ten', 0 delicias! extra communia censes Ponendum r Quitu gallinre filius albre, ' Nos viles pulli nati infelicibus ovis? Rem pateris modicam et mediocri bile ferendam, Si flectas oculos majora ad crimina. Confer Con~uctum latronem, ineendia suIfure crepta Atque dolo, primos quum janua eo1ligit ignes; Confer et hos, veteris qui tollunt grandia templi

~. tL.t.~. _> Pocula adorandre rubiginis, et populorum 0~D' l'

Dona, vel antiquo positas ~ rege coronas. :.' . r Hrec ibi si non sunt, mjnor ex~atsacri1egus, qui .

t '- Radat inaurati femur Herculis et faciem ipsam Neptuni; qui braeteolam de Castore ducat. An dubitet, solitus totum conflare Tonantem ?

I~" 1,'U-~~ Confer, et artJ.(iees mereatoremque veneni, : ' " ( Et deducendum corio bovis in mare, cum quo

Clauditur adversis innoxia simia fatis. :",'.' ~. ~ . '- .

. Hme quota pars scelerum, qUal custos Gallicus Urbis . :'-'" ,-- . Usque a lueifero, donee lux occidat, audit? '

. Humani generis mores tibi nosse volenti Sufficit una domus. Paucos consume dies, et Dicere te miseruln, postquam illinc veneris, aude. .Quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus? aut quis In Meroe crasso majorem infante mamillam? Clerula quis stupuit Germani lumina, ftavlUn

105 ,. "

135

140

145

.,

150

·155

160

106 D. JUNII JUVEN.ALI~ lt~.... I :

Caesariem, et madido torquenMm cornua cir.ro ~ Nempe quOd hlilc illis natura est omnibus una. Ad subitas Thrac~m volucres nubemque sonoram Pygmlllus parvis currit bellator in armis: Mox impar hosti raptusque per aera cums Unguibus a slilva fertur grue. Si videas hoc Gentibus in nostris, risu quatiare: sed ilfic, ! .• ' ; '. (

Quanquam eadem assidue spectentur pr<elia, ridet Nemo, ubi tota cobors pede nOD est altior uno. : ~.

NullaDe perjuri capitis fraudisque nefa~de ',' \

',. 165

170

Pc::ena erit ~ Abreptom crede hunc graviore catena J75 Protenus, et nostro (quid plus velit ira?) necari Arbitrio: manel ilia tamen jactura, nec unquam . J..

Depositum tibi sospes erit. Sed corpore trunco : J Invi4!osa'dabit minimus solatia sanguis. At vin,!1icta bonum vita jucundius ipsa. . Nempe hoc ,indocti, quorum prrecordia nullis Interdum, aut levibus videas tlagrantia caasis. QuantuJ.acunque adeo est occasio; sufficit in. Chrysippus non dicet idem, nec mite Thaletis Ingenium, dulcique senex vicinus Hymettor

Qui partem acceptlll smva inter vincla cieutlll . Accusatori nollet dare. PlurilDfl' felix Paulatim vitia atque errores exuit omnes,

185 , ' ~ .

Prima docet rec~um Sapientia: quippe minuti . Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas .:Ultio.Continuo sic collige, quod vindicta ,.

'. ,. ~ ... :L .... \~.

190

Nemo magis gaudet, quam f<emina. Cur tamen hos tu Evasi.sse putes, quos diri conscia facti Mens habet attonitos, et surdo verbere cedit, . . . \'

SATIRA XIll. , "

107

Oeeultum quatiente animo totlQre flagellum? 195 Prena autem vehemens ae multo srevior iIlis, "

... ' Quas et Credicius gravis invenit, et-Rhadamanthus, It< i ':' Nocte dieque suum gestar!'l in pectore testem.

/ j Spartano cuidam respondit 'Pythia vales: : ", ': )"" " ..JM .... --. Haud impunitum qUlIDdam fore, quOd dubitaret c,L" 200

Depositum retinere, et fraudem jure tueri Jurando: qurerebat eQim, qure numinis esset Mens, et an hoc ilIi facinus suaderet Apollo?

..... . Reddidit ergo metu, non moribus; et tamen omnem J '

'.'-""''' Vocem adyti dignam templo veramque probavit 206 .' • ,,! Exstinctus tota. pariter cum'prole dO!!loque, !.,.

'Et, q.;amvis longa. deductis gente"propinquis. Has patitur prenas peccandi ~Ia voluntas : Nam scelus intra se tacitum qui cogitat ullum,

( Facti crimen habet. C,!:ldo, si conata. peregit ? 210 Perpetua,anxietas nec mensle tempore cessat; Faucibus ut morbo siccis, interque molares Difficili crescente cibo :I'sed vina misellus

.. ) .. ' Exspuit; AIbani, veteris pretiosa senectus Displicet.. Qstendas melius, densissima ruga 215 Cogitur in frontem, velut acn ducta Falerno. Nocte brevem si forte indulljjt cura soporem,

, Et toto versata toro jam membra quiescunt, Continuo templum et violati numinis aras, Et, quod prrecipuis mentem sudoribus urget, 220 Te videt in somnis: tua sacra et major imago Humana. turbat pavidum, cogitque fateri. Hi sunt, qui trepidant, et ad omnia fulgura pallent, Quum tonat, exanimes primo quoque murmure creli ;

108 D. JUNII JUVENALIS, ['1 . '

Non quasi fortuitus, nec ventorum rabie, sed Iratus cadat iD terras et judicet ignis. " , , rna nihil Docuit; cura graviore timetur Proxima tempestas, velut hoc dil~ta sereno. h ~ " Prmterea, lateris vigili cum febre dolorem , ~~. ~ J..

Si crepere pati, missum ad sua corpora morbum Infesto creduDt a Dumine: sua deorum Hrec et tela putant. Pecudem spondere sacello Balantem, et Laribus cristam promittere galli NOD audent: quid eDim sperare noceDtibus regris Concessum? vel qure non dignior hostia vita. ? Mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum~

235

Quum scelus admittuDt, superest constantia. Quid f!ls Atque Defas, tandem iDCipiuDt sentire peractis r,~}',F Criminibus. TameD ad mQ,res natura recurrit \, DamDatos, fixa et mutari neseia. Namquis 240 Peccandi fiDem posuit sibi ?quando recepit " Ejectum semel attrita. de fronte ruborem ? " 1< ~, :'

Quisnam 110miDum est, quem tu contentum videris UDO Flagitio ? Dabit in laqueum vestigia noster Perfidus, et nigri patietur careeris uncum, ",',':', 245 Aut maris lEgrei rupem seopulosque frequentes Eisulibus magnis. Prena. gaudebis amara I", " .

Nominis iDVisi, tandemque fatebere lretus, ' Nec surdum nec Tir~.siam quenquam esse deorum. \' ... "",

SATIRA XIV, 109

SATIRA XIV.

rLURIM", ;cunt, famxi <ligna e;mistra, Et nitidis maculam hlllsuram figentia rebus,

m mstrant trad m1;lue Si damnosa senem juvat ale a, ludit et hlllres Bu])atus~ narvoffue eadem movet arm a fritillo. 5

meli ;"f de sper};n"L propir;q~o Concedet juvenis, qui radel'e tubera terrre, IlJo.fetum nmdirG" ct eodern jure natante;; Mergere ficedulas didicit, nebulone parente, Et eana monstrantn guHL Qumn 10 Trrnsierit puero, nondum omni Pzmte ,e;;;1to, Barbatos licet ad moveas mille inde magistros,

toti 1t;m, lauto crena,o par;;t" Semper} et a magtl8. Don degenerare culina.

aaimum moree; modi;;i" crroriPes requos 5 afque animas !)ervorum et corpora nostra

Materia constare pulat paribusque eJementis; srevit"o docei qui aecrbo

Plagarum strepitu, et nullam Sirena flagellis Antiphotes ae

Tum felix, quoties aliquis tortore vocato Uritur ardenti duo pl"Opter lintea ferro~

sUf,hct lret;;;: stridon; f;atell ftt ,

Quem mire afficiunt inscripta ergastula, career

? PO

T"stieu8 EXftpetetas~ non aduiLtH"a q5 Filia, qure nunquam maternos dicere mceehos Tam cite';, nee pota;~;t contaxere eniSIl,

10


Ut non ter decies respiret ? Conscia matri Virgo fuit: ceras nunc hac dictaote pusillas Implet, et ad mrechos dat eisdem ferre c~redis. 30 Sic natura jubet: veI~iiIs et citiiIs nos Corrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magnis Quum subeunt animos auctoribus. Unus et alter Forsitan hrec spernant juvenes, quibus me benign a Et meliore Iuto finxit prrecordia Titan: _ 35 Sed reliquos fpgienda patrum vestigia dUcUnt, Et monstrata diu veteris trahit orbita culpre .. Abstineas igitur damnandis: hujus eoim vel Una potens ratio est, ne crimina nostra sequantur Ex nobis geniti; quoniam dociles imitandis 40 Turpibus ac pravis omnes sum us; et Catilinam Quocunque in populo videas, quocunque sub axe ; Sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam. Nil dictu fredum visuque hrec limina tangat, Intra qure pller est. Procul hinc, procul inde puel1re 45 LenonulIl et cantus pernoctantis parasiti. Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid Turpe paras, ne tu pueri contempseris annos : Sed peccaturo obstet tibi filius infans. Nam si quid dignum censoris fecerit ira 50 Quandoque, et similem tibi se non corpore taotUm Nee vultu dederit, morum quoque filius, at qui Omnia deteriiIs tua per vestigia peccet, Corripies nimirum et castigabis acerbo Clamore, ac post hrec tabulas mutare. parabis. 65 Unde tibi frontem libertatenique parentis, Quum facias pejora senex, vacuumque cerebro

SATIRA XIV. 111

Jam pridem caput hoc ventosa cucurbita qUalrat? Hospite- venturo, cessabit nemlt tuorum.

Verre pavimentum, nitidas ostende columnas, (i0 Arida cum tota. descend at aranea tela., Hie leve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat alter; Vox domini furit instantis virgamque tenentis. Ergo miser trepidas, ne stercore freda canino Atria displiceant oculis venientis amici, 65 Ne perfusa luto sit porticus; et tamen uno Semodio scobis hlllC emend at servulus unus. mud non agitas, ut sanctam filius omni Adspieiat sine labe domum vitioque cal'entem ? Gratum est, quod patrial eivem populoque dedisti, Si facis, ut patrire sit idoneus, uti lis agris, U~s et bellorum et paeis rebus agendis •

70

. Plurimum enim intererit, quibus artibus, et quibus hunc tu Moribus instituas. Serpente ciconia pullos Nutrit, et inventa per devia rura lacerta: DIe eadem sumptis qUalrunt animalia pinnis. Vultur, jumento et~anibus crucibusque relictis, Ad fretus properat, partemque cadaveris affert. Hicest ergo cibus magni quoque vlllturis, et se Pascentis, propria quum jam faeit arbore nidos. Sedleporem aut capream famulre Jovis et generosal In saltu venantur aves: hinc pralda cubili Ponitur: inde autem, quum se matura levarit Progenies, stimulante fame, festinat ad illam, Quain primum pfllldam.rupto gustaverat ova.

lEdificator erat Cetronius, et modo curvo Littore Cajetm, summa. DUDC Tiburis arce,

75

/

80

85


Nunc Prrenestinis in montibus, alta parabat Culmina villarum, Grreeis longeque petitis l\Iarmoriblls, vin~ens Fortunre atque Herculis redem i 90 Ut spado vince bat Capitolia Dostra Posides. l>um sic ergo habitat Cetronius, imminuit rem, Fregit opes; nec parv:a tamen mensura relietre Partis erat: totam hane turbavit filius amens, Dum meliore novas attollit marmore villas. 9&

Quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem~ Nil prreter nubes et creli numen adorant ; Nec distare putant humana carne suillam, Qua pater abstinuit; mox et prreputia ponuot : Romanas autem soliti eontemnel'e leges lOO Judaicum ediscunt et servant ac metuunt jus, Tradidit arcana quodcunque volumine Moses. , Non monstrare vias, eadem nisi sacra colenti;. Quresitllm ad fontem solos deducere verpos. Sed pater in causa, cui septima qureque fuit lux 105 Ignava, et partem vitro non attigit ullam.

Sponte tamen juvenes imitantur cretel'a: solam Inviti quoque avaritiam exercere jllbentllr. Fallit enim vitium specie virtutis et umbra, Quum sit triste habitu, vultuque et veste severum. 110 Nec dubie, tanquam frugi, laudatur avarus, Tanquam parcus homo, et rerum tutela suarum Certa magis, quiuTI si fortunas servet easdem Hesperidum serpens, aut Ponticus. Adde quOd hunc, de Quo loqllor, egregium populus putat acquirendi 115 Artificem: quippe his erescunt patrimonia {ahris ; Sed crescunt quocunque modo, majoraque fiunt

SATIRA XlV.

lncude assidui, semperque ardente camino. Et pater ergo animi felices credit avaros,

113

Qui miratur opes, qui nulla exempla beati 120 Pauperis esse putat: juvenes hortatur, ut illam Ire viam pergant, et eidem incumbere sectle. Sunt quoodam vitiorum elementa: his protenus illos Imbuit, et cogit minimas ediscere sordes. Max acquirendi docet insatiabile votum. 125 Servorum ventres modio castigat iniquo, Ipse quoque esuriens: neque enim omnia sustinet unquam Mucida crerulei panis consumere frusta, . Hesternum solitus media servare mioutal Septembri, nec non differre in tempora erenre 130 Alterius conchem restivam cum parte lacerti Signatam, vel dimidio putrique siluro, Filaque sectivi numer~ta includere porri. Invitatus ad hrec aliquis de ponte negabit. Sed quo divitias hrec per tormenta eoaetas, 185 Quum furor haud dubius, quum sit manifesta phrenesis, Ut locuples moriaris, egentis vivere fata? Interea pleno quum turget sacculus ore, Crescit amor nummi, quantum ipsa pecunia erevit; Et minUs hanc optat, qui non habet: ergo paratur 140 Altera villa tibi, quum rus non sufficit unum, Et proferre libet fioes; majorque videtur Et melior vicina seges: mercaris et hane, et Arbusta, et densa montem qui caoet oliva. Quorum si pretio dominus non vincitur ul1o, 145 Nocte boves maeri lassoque fameJica eollo Jumenta ad virides hujus mittentur aristas ;

10*


Nec prius inde domum, quam tota novalia srevos In ventres abeant, ut credas falcibus actum. Dicere vix possis, quam multi talia plorent, 150 Et quot venales injuria fecerit agros. Sed qui sermones? quam fredre buccina famre ? Quid nocet hoc? inquit. Tunicam mihi malo lupini, Quam si me toto laudet vicinia pago, Exigui ruris paucissima farra secantem. 155

, Scilicet et morbis et debilitate carcbis, Et luctum et curam efihgi~s, et tempora vitre Longa tibi post hrec fato meliore dabuntur ; Si· tantum culti solus possederis agri, Quantum sub Tatio populus Romanus arabat. 160' Mox etiam fraetis retate ae Puniea passis .... Pl'relia, velPyrrhum immanem, gladiosque Molossos, Tandem pro multis vix jugera bina dabantur V tilneribus: merces hrec sanguinis atque laboris Nullis visa un quam meritis minor, nut ingratre 165 Curta fides patrire. Saturabat glebula talis Patrem ipsulll tUl'bamque casre, qua freta jacebat Uxor, et infantes ludebant quatuOl', unus Vernulu, tres domini: sed magnis fratribus horum, A sCl'obe vel sulco redcuntibus, altera crena 170 Ampliol', et grandes fumabant pultibus ollre. Nunc modus hic agri nostro non sufficit horto. Inde fere scelerum causre; nec plura venena Miscuit, aut ferro grassatur srepius ullum Humanre mentis vitium, quam sreva cupido 175' Indomiti census: nam dives qui fieri vult, Et cito vult fieri. Sed qure reverentla legum,

SATIRA XIV.

Quis metus aut pudor est unquam properantis avari ? Vivite contenti casulis et colli bus istis,

115

o pueri, Marsus dicebat et Hemicus olim 180 Vestinusque sene x ; panem qureramus aratro, Qui saus est mensis: laud ant hoc numina ruris, Quorum ope et auxilio, gratre post munus aristre, Contingunt homini veteris fastidia quercus. Nil vetitum fecisse valet, quem non pudet alto 185

. Per glaciem perone tegi; qui submovet Eurbs Pellibus inversis. Peregl'ina ignotaque nobis Ad scelus atque nefas, qurecunque est, purpura ducit.

Hrec ilIi veteres prrecepta minol'ibus: at nunc Post fille~l autumni media de nocte supinum 190" Clam os us juvenem pater excitat: Accipe ceras, Scribe, puei, vigila, causas age, perlege rubras Majorum leges, aut vitem posce Ii bello. Sed caput intactum buxo naresque pilosas Annatel, et grandes mil'etur Lrelius alas. 195 Dirue Maurorum attegias, castella Brigantum, Vt locupletelU aqui1am tibi sex.!Igesimus annus Merat; aut, longos castrorum ferre labores Si piget, et trepidum solvunt tibi cornua ventrem Cum lituis audita, pares, quod vendere possis 200 Pluris dimidio, nec te fastidia mercis VIlius sllbeant ablegandre Tiberim ultra : Neu credas ponend-um aliquid discriminis inter Vnguenta et corium: lucri bonus est odor ex ra QuaJibet. IlIa tuo sententia semper in ore 205 Vel'setur, dis atque ipso Jove digna, poetre : Unde habeas, qurerit nemo; sed oportet habere.


Hc~~ mnDstrant vetulre pueris repentibus assre : Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta puellre. 'ralibus instantem JllOnitis qllemcunque parentcm Sic po:rsem a1lPri: Dir:, 0 canirsirs;e, :luis te

'<>:::':mn'" j::bet melin:'em prrestc m"::",,,n

Di::::ip::!um s:'cm'cs cbi: vi::ceris: ut Ajax Prreteriit Telamonem, ut Pelea vicit Achilles. Parcendum teneris: nondum implevere meduUas Maturre mala neqllitire. b::::b;:m Cooperlt, et lonpi Km:Crfmenl admiltere cuhri, Fab:s Grit vcud,,:, p::rju:'ia SLlrnGla Exipua: Cereris tangens aramque pedemque. Elatam jam crede nurum, si lim ina vestra Mortifera cum :lote subit. Quibus ilIa premetur Per ::onmucn dit.itie nfEm :Iure

PUiflS, h.re.rifEr fEia (·,unlf:rer. illi

210

21

220

Nullns lfHim mHpni ::celeris labor. Hrec epo nunquam :Mandavi, dices olim, nec talia suasi. 225 Mentis causa malre tamen est, et origo penes teo Nam quisquis KrH:gm CH:1SUS pr22cepit FtmOKf.flJl,

Et lzevo mo::itu pU:::'os aVHl'OS, P~t !flEr il'audcs condupliGare Dat libertatem, et totas efl'undit habenas 230 Curriculo: quem si revoces, subsistere nescit, Et te contempto rapitur metisque relic[js. NegrC SHtiS ::redit tlmtum d::liwlueelf, :p:amilm Eermiw::r: ::de:': indulgent eibi lath'.::: Quum dids juvHoi, rtultum, qui donet amico, 235 Q.ui paupertatem levet attollatque propinqui ; Et spoliare doces, et circumscribere, et ollHli

"8'l .uy _,-, ~.

SATIRA XIV. 117

Crimine divitias acquirere; quarum amor in te, Quantus erat patrim Deciorum in .pectore, quantum Dilexit Thebas, si Grmcia vera, Menreceus : 240 In quorum sulcis legiones dentibus anguis Cum clypeis nascuntur, et horrid a bella capessunt Continuo, tanquam et tubicen surrexerit una. Ergo ignem, cujus scintillas ipse dedisti, Flagrantem late et rapientem. cuneta videbis. 245-Nee tibi parcetur misero, trepidumque magistrum In cavea magno fremitu leo toIlet alumnus.

Nota mathematicis genesis tua: sed grave tardas Exspectare cows.: morieris stamine nondum

. Abrupto. Jam nunc obstas et vota moraris: 250 Jam torquet juvenem longa et cervina seneetus. Ocius Arehigenen qumre,' atque eme, quod Mithridates Composuit, si vis aliam deeerpere ficum, Atque alias tractare rosas: medicamen habendum est, Sorbere ante cibum quod debeat et pater et rex. 255 Monstro voluptatem egregiam, cui nulla theatra, Nulla mquare queas prmtoris pulpita lauti, Si spectes, quanto capitis discrimine constent Incrementa domus, mrata multus in area Fiscus, et ad vigilem ponendi Castora nummi, 260 Ex quo Mars ultor galeam quoque 'perdidit, et res Non potuit servare suas. Ergo omnia Florm Et Cereris licet et Cybeles aulma relinquas: ' Tanto majores humana negotia Iudi.

An magis oblectant animum jaetata petauro 265 Corpora, quique solet rectum deseendere funeID ; Quam tu, Coryeia semper qui puppe morarill

118 D. JUNtt rovENALIS

Atque habitas, Coro semper tollendus et Austro, Perditus ac vilis sacci mercator olentis ; Qui gaudes pingue antiqure de littore Crelre ~70 Passum, et municipes Jovis advexisse lagenas ? Hic tamen ancipiti figens vestigia planta. Victum ilia mercede parat, brilmamque fam~que Dla reste cavet: tu propter mille talenta Et centum villas temerarius. Adspice porms, 275 Et plenum magnis trabibus mare: plus hominum est jam III pelago: veniet classis, quocunque vocarit Spes lucri, nec Carpathium Gretulaque tantum lEquora transsiliet, sed, longe Calpe relicta, Audiet Herculeo stridentem gurgite solem. 280 • Grande operre pretium est, ut tenso folie reverti lode donmm possis, tumidaque supel'bus aluta, Oceani monstra et juvenes vidisse marinos. Non unus mentes agitat furor: iIIe sororis In manibus vultu Eumellidum terretur et igni : 285 Hic hove percusso mugire Againemnona'credit Aut Ithacum. Parcat tunicis licet atque lacernis, Curatoris eget, qui navem mereibus implet Ad summum latus, et tabula distinguitur unda; Quum sit. causa mali tanti et discriminis hujus .290 Concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas. Occurrunt nubes et fulgura. Solvite funem, Frumenti dominus clamat piperisque coempti ; Nil color hie creli, nil fascia nigra minatur; . .iEstivum ton at. Infelix hac forsitan ipsa 296 Nocte cadet fractis trabibus, fluctuque premetur Pbrutus, et zooam lreva morsuque tenebit •.

SATIRA XIV. 119

Sed cujus votis modo non sufl"ecerat aurum, Quod Tagus, et rutila volvit Pactolus arena, Frigida sufficient velantes inguina panni, 300 Exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus assem Dum rogat, et picta'se tempestate tuetur. Tanti~~ ~~ura. majore metLlqUG

est magni custoqZG hamis vigilare 305

L~<:inus jubet, attonilL~~ ~~uis, Phrygiaque "LHLHUHaL

Atque ebore, et lata testudine. Dolia nudi Non ardent Cynici: si fregeris, ahera fiet Cras domus, ~ut eadem plumbo commissa mane bit. 310 Sensit Alexander, testa. quum vidit in ilIa. Magnum habitatorem, quanto felicior hie, qui Nil 'lui totum sibi POL!:<:L!:l

perieula reh!3~'e si sit prudenti~~ 315

Nos Deam. Met~~m~, 'lure Suffid~LL uuis me consulate I~ quantum sitis at~e fames et frig~ra poseunt, Quantum, Epicure, tibi parvis suffecit in hortis, Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante Penates. 320 Nunquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit. Acribus exemplis videor te claudere. Misee Ergo de moribus : Bis quam lex digmltw: Hme trahit, extenditquG 325

fae tertia 'iU'''U11H5',''

JUN T JUVEN1\LIS

Nee Crresi fortuna unquam nee Persiea regna SuEieient tmiQ'lo, dieiti;p Natci2si, Indulsit Cresar cui Claudius omni", cujus Paruit imperiis, uxorem occidere jussus.

SAT1RA

Qn Kit Vok,;! Bithyniee, d 'lYiSnS lEgyptus portenta colat? Crocodilon adorat Pi;,;; hrec ilIa sat;Itam sel'pGntib ;:; ;UIn.

Effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci, Dimidio resonant ubi Memnone chordre, 5

vetus Thebe centmn jaeet obruta pGrtis. TIlie creruleos, hie piscem fluminis, illic Obpida canetr; 1,'enenmtur, Di inlAm. Porrum et crepe nefas viol are, et frangere morsu. o "unctail quiblls hii~ie lliiseiintur hortii; 10 Numina! Tnnatiii imimalibus abstinz:t Mensa. Nefas illic fretum jugulare capellre : CUlTlibus hnmaniii ;:;;sci Ctt.onito quum Tale super crenam facinus narraret Ulyxes Aleinoo, qilcm a it risum I;;lrtassli Moverat, ut mendux aretaleglls. mrrYi nemo Rune abicit, sreva dignum v~raque Charybdi, Findentern immanE's Lrestl'qgonas ii1que Nam citius Scyllam, vel concurrentia saxa CplH;eas, tempYiiiLatibllE: atres Crediderim, aut tenui percussum verb ere Circes,

SA.TIRA XV. 1~1

Et cum remigibus grunnlsse Elpenora porcis. Tam vacui capitis populum Phreaca putavit ? Sic aliquis·merito nondum ebrius, et mini~um qui De Corcyrrea. temetum duxerat urna. : 25 Solus erum hoc lthacus nullo sub teste canebat. Nos miranda quidem, sed nuper consule Junio Gesta, super calidre referemus mrenia Copti ; Nos vulgi seelus, et cunctis graviora cothurnis. Nam seelus, a Pyrrha quanquam omnia syrmata volvas, 30 NoUus apud tragicos populus facit. Accipe nostro Dira quod exemplum feritas produxerit revo.

Inter fioitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas, lmmortale odium, et nunquam sana bile vulnus Ardet adhuc Coptos et Tentyra. Summus utrinque 35 Inde furor vulgo, quOd numina vicinorum Odit u'terque locus, quum solos credat habendos Esse deos, quos ipse colit. Sed tempore festo Alterius populi rapienda occasio cunctis Visa inimicorum primoribus ac ducibus, ne 40 Lretum hilaremque diem, ne magnre gaudia crenre Sentirent, positis ad templa et compita mensis, Pervigilique toro, quemnocte ae luce jaeeotem Septimus interdum sol iuvenit. Horrida sane lEgyptus: sed luxuria, quantum ipse notavi, 45 Barbara famoso non cedit turba Canapo. Adde, quOd et facilis victoria de madidis, et Blresis, atque mero titubantibus. lode virorum Saltatus nigro tibieine, qualiacunque Unguenta, et flores, multreque in fronte coronre: 60 Hinc jejunum odium: sed jurgia prima sonare

11

]22 D. JUNII JUVENALIS

Incipiunt animis ardentibus: hree tuba riXIIl •. Dein clamore pari eoneurritur, et vice teli Srevit nuda manus: pauere sine vulnere malre : Vix cuiquam aut nulli toto eertamine nasus 5.5 Integer. Adspiceres jam euneta per agmina vultos Dimidios, alias facies, et hiantia ruptis Ossa genis, plenos oeulorum sanguine pugnos. Ludere se credunt ipsi tamen, et pueriles Exereere acies, quod nulla cadavera calceRt. ~O

Et sane quo tot rix.antis millia turbte, Si vivunt omnes ? Ergo acrioT impetus, et jam Saxa inclinatis per humum quresita lacertis Incipiunt torquere, domestica seditioni Tela; nee hunc lapidem, quales et Turnus et Ajax, 65 Vel quo TydiHes percussit pondere coxam JEnere; sed quem valeant emittere dextrre, nlis dissimiles et nostro tempore natte. Nam genus hoc vivo jam decreseebat Homero. Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusiUos. TO Ergo deus, quicunque ad~exit, ridet et odit.

A diverticulo repetatur fabula. Postquam Subsidiis aucti, pars altera prom ere ferrum Audet, et infestis pugnam instaurare sagittis ; Terga fugre celeri prrestantibus omnibus instant, 75 Qui vieina c~lunt umbrosre Tentyra palmte. Labitur hine quidam, nimia formidine cursum Prrecipitans, capiturque: ast ilium in plurima seetlHJl

Frusta et partieulas, ut multis mortuus unus Sufficeret, totum eorrosis ossibus edit 80 Vietrix turba: nec ardenti decoxit aeno,

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SATIRA XV.

Aut verubus; longum usque adeo tardumque putavit Exspectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo. Hie, gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem,

123

Q~em summa. creli raptum de parte Prometheus 85 Donavit terris. Elemento gratulor, et te Exsultare reor. Sed qui mordere cadaver Sustinuit, nil utlcmam hac carne libentius edit. Nam scelere in taillo ne qureras, et dubites, an Prima voluptatem gula senserit. Ultimus Butem, 90 Qui stetit absumpto jam toto corpore, ductis Per terram digilis, aliquid de sanguine gustat. Vascones, ham fama est, alimentis tali bus oHm Produxere animas: sfld res diversa, sell iIlic Fortunre invidia est, bellorumque ultima, casus 95 Extremi, Jongre dira obsidionis egestas. Hujus enim, quod nunc agitur, miserabile debet Exemplum esse cibi; SiCllt modo dicta mihi gens Post omnes berbas, post cuncta animalia, quid quid Cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis 100

. Pallorem ac macielD et tenues miserantibus artus, Membra aliena fame lacerabant, esse parati Et sua. Quisnam hominum veniam dare, quisve deomm Viribus abnuerit :dira atque immania passis, Et qllibllS illolum poterant ignoscere manes, 105 Quorum corporibus vescebantur ? Melius nos Zenonis pralCept3 monent: nee enim omnia, quredam Pro vita facienda putat. Sed Cantaber unde Stolcus, antiql1i pralsertim altate Metelli? Nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas. 110 Gallia causidicos do.cuit facunda Britannos ;


De conducendo loquitur jam rhetore Thule. Nobilis ille tamen populus, quem dix:imus; et par Virtute atque fide, sed major clade, Saguntus Tale quid excusat. Mreotide smvior ara. 115 lEgyptus; quippe ilia nefandi Taurica sacri Inventrix. homines (ut jam, qure carmina tradunt, Digna fide credas) tantum immolat, ulterius nil Aut gravius cultro timet hostia. Qui modo casus Impulit hos? qure tanta fames infestaque vallo 120 Arma coegerunt tam detestabile monstrum Audere ? Anne aliam, terra. Memphitide sicca, Invidiam facerent nolenti surgere Nilo ? Qua. nee terri biles Cirnbri, nee Britones unquam, Sauromatreve truces, aut immanes Agathyrsi, ]26 Hac srevit rabie imbelle et inutile vulgus, Parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela phaselis, Et brevibus pictre remis incumbere testre. Nee pcenam sceleri invenies, nee digna parabis Supplicia his populis, in quorum mente pares sunt 130 Et similes ira atque fames. Mollissima corda

• Humano generi dare se natura {atetur, Qure lacrymas dedit: hmc nostri pars optima sensUs •

. Plorare ergo jubet caSlllD lugentis amici, Squaloremque rei, pupilIllm ad jura vocantem 135 Circumscriptorem, cujus manantia fletu Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli. Naturre imperio gemimus, quum funus adultre Virginis occurrit, vel terra. clauditur infans, Et minor igne rogi. Quis enim bonus et face dignus 14.0 Arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos,

SATIRA.XV.

UlIa aliena sibi credat mala? Separat hoc nos A grege mutorum; atque ideo venerabile soli Sortili ingeniulD, divinorumque capaces,

125

Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti, 145 Sensum a crelesti demissum traximus arce, Cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi Principio indulsit communis conditor iIlis Tantiuu animas, nobis animum quoque, mutuus ut nos Affectus petere auxilium et prrestare jubel'et, J 50 Dispersos trahere in populum, migrare vetusto De nemore, et proavis babitatas linquere silvas; lEdificare domos, Laribus conjungere nostris Tectum aiiud, tutos vicino limine somnos Ut collata daret tiducia; protegere armis 155 Lapsum, aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem, Communi dare signa tub~, defendier isdem Turribus, atque una portarum clave teneri. Sed jam serpentum major concordia: pareit Cognatis maculis simiJis fera. Quando leoni 160 Fortior eripuit vitam leo? quo nemore unquam Exspiravit aper majoris dentibus apri ? Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem Perpetuam: srevis inter se con venit ursis~ Ast homini ferrum letale incude nefanda 16i Produxisse parum est; quulll rastra et sarcula tantllm Assueti coquere, et marris ac vomere lassi Nescierint primi gladios extunderc fabri. Adspicimus populos, quorum non sllffieit irm Occidisse aliquem; sed pectora,- brachia, vultulD 170 Crediderint genus esse cibi. Quid diceret ergo,

11*


Vel quo non fugeret, si nunc brec monstra videret Pythagoras, cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui Tanquam homine, et ventri indulsit non omne legumen ?

SATlRA XVt

QUIS numerare queat felicis prremia, Galle, Militire ? N am si subeuntur prosper!l castra, Me pavidum excipiat tironem porta secundo Sid ere : plus etenim fati valet hora benigni, Quam si nos Veneris commendet epistola Marti, 5 Et Samia genitrix qure delectatur arena.

Commoda tractemus primum communia, quorum Haud minimum illud erit, ne te pulsare togatus Audeat; immo, etsi pulsetur, dissimulet, nee Audeat excussos prretori ostendere dentes, 10 Et nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam, Atque oculum medico nil promittente relictum. Bardaicus judex datur hrec. punire volenti Calceus, et grimdes magna ad subsellia surre, Legibus antiqllis castromm, et more Camilli 15 Servato, miles ne valIum litiget extra Et procul a signis. Justissirna centllrionum Cognitio est igitur de milite; nee mihi· deerit Ultio, si justre defertUi" causa querelre. Tota cobors tamen est inimica, omnesque manipli 20

SATlRA xvt. 127

E!::::,~~~~~oq:~~i~:: ~;gnum erit ergi' dlm Crl1rll Gffender" tot

Millia clavorllm. Quis tam procul absit ab Urbe? 25 PrlYlterell tarG Pyladlls, molenl aggeris ultl'e Ut veniat? Lacrymre siccentur pr.otenus, et sa Excusaturo8 non eollicitolXllls amieos.

testernl judeK quum dillerit eudeal Nescio quis, pugnos qui vidit, dicere, Vidi? 30

eredem dignun, barMi, Majorum. Citiu.<; falsum producere testem Contra pltqllDum pessis, pua.m loq""erem (~tmtra fJrlllDam rrmati pude,'em.

Prremia nunc alia, atque alia emolumenta notemus 35 eRrllramemerum, Conrltllem rllrlS aviti Improbus, irut campum mihi si vicinus ademit,

sacrUln effodi? medie limite SaXUitrl, (quod mea cum vetulo coluit puis annua libo ; Debitor aut sl1mptos pergit non reddere nummos, 40

llna supllrvaeui Picens ligni Exspectandus erit, qui lites inchoet, ann us 1 y us tunll quoque mille fl?fenda

Tredia, mille morre; toties subsellia tan tum Sternuntur..; jam faeundo ponente lacernas 45

FUt!!ll jam Digredimur lentaqlle fori pugnarnus arena.

illis, qllOS aitnS et bsltcus Quod pla~itu~ est ipsis, prrestatur tempus agendi, Nt!!l res ntterituy' kngo cktffiamillc litis. qO

128 b. J. JUV. SAT. XVI.

Solis prreterea testandi miliubus jus, Vivo patre, datur: nam, qure sunt parta lahore Militire, placuit non esse in corpore censUs, <..---...-

Orone tenet cujus regimen pater: ergo Coranuro, Signorum comitem, castrorumque rere merentem, 55 Quamvis jam tremulus, captat pater. Hunc labor mquus Provehit, etpulchro reddit sua dona labori. Jpsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur, . Ut, qui fortis erit, sit felicissimus idem, Ut lreti phaleris orones, et torquibus omnes. 60

NOTES

TO

THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL.

DEciMt7s Jmnt7s Jt7VENAL was bom at Aquinum, a town of th& Volsci, about the thirty·eighth year of the Christian era. It is uncertain whether he was the son or the foster-son of a rich freedman, who gave him a liberal education.

From the time of his birth, until he had attained the age of forty. nothing more is known of him than that his attention was devoted to the study of eloquence, and to declamation, more Indeed for his own amusement and improvement, than from any intention to devote him. self to a public lif!!.

About this time he applied himself to the study oCpoetry, and commenced satirizing the predominant vices oC the day . • Against Paris, a pantomime dancer, and Cavorite of the Emperor Do

mitian, Juvenal seems to have directed the first shafts of satire: In consequence of this attack, he was banished into Egypt, having been ordered to repair thither, as commander of a company of troops.

Soon after, Domitian died, and Juvenal returned to Rome, where he is said to have lived till the times of Nerva and Trajan.

SATIRE I.

In the beginning of this Satire, the poet gives a humorous account of the reasons, which induced him to commence writing :-that, his patience having been entirely exhausted by the rehearsals of wretched poets, he could refrain no longer, but intended to repay them in kind, He afterwards informs us why he devotes himself to Satire in prefer..

130 NOTES.

ence to any Dther kind Df poetrj, to. which he declares he is driven by the vices Df the age, Df which he gives a summary and general view. Finally, he makes SDme bitter reflectiDns Dn the danger Df satirizing living villany, and professes to treat of the dead, persDnating, under their names, certain living characters.

1. Semper ••. tantum: • shall I be ever a hearer anly ?'-ego used emphatically. It was custDOlary amDng the ancients to. recite their wDrks privately, amDng their particular friends; Dr publicly, either in the temple Df APDIlD, Dr in the spaciDus hDuses Df some rich and great man.-Rep6nam: a metaphDr taken from the repayment Df mDney.

2. Rami • •• Codri: • with the Theseis Df hDarse CDdrus.'-T1ae.e'(de: a pDem which described the actiDns Df Theseus, the authDr Df which was Codros a pDDr and mean pDet, who. is here suppDsed to have made. hill}self hoarse by frequently reading his poem.

8. Togiita,: t cDmedies ;' there were three different kinds Df CDmedy, each denDminated frDm the dress Df the persDns, which they represented:-

Togd~a. so. calIed from the toga, a gDwn WDm by the' CDmmDn people, which exhibited the actiDns Df the lDwer sDrt :-PrtSteztiita, so. called ,"Dm the pnetezta, _ white rDbe, Dmamented with purple, and wom by magistrates and nDbles, which described the actiDns Df this class :-Pallidta, from the pallium, an upper garment. WDm by the Greeks, and in which the actors were habited, when the manners and actiDns Df the Greeks were represented.

4. EllgolI: these were ShDrt pDems Dn mDurnful subjects generally, written in hexameter and pentameter verses alternately.

6. X'el1.phuB: SDme tediDus play Dn the subject Df Tel1.phUII, son Df HercUles and Auge, and king Df Mysia, who. was wDunded by the spear Df Achilles, but afterwards healed by its ru8t.-Atd • • • Or,,,": • Dr ,hall the tragedy of Orestes, the margin Df the whDle bDok being already full, and written Dn the back tDD, but nDt yet finisbed. waste the whole day ? '

7. LucUB .Martis: • the grove Df Mars;' that is, the hiStDry Df Romiilus and Remus. whDm Rhea Silvia bDre in a grove sacred to Mars. Dear Alba :-this and the Dther subjects mentiDned were so. cDntinually c1i.nned into. his ears. that the places were as familiar as his Dwn hDuse.

S; .lEoliis : •• flIp¥bull: to. the north Df Sicily are seven rocky islands, which were called the .Eolian or Vulcanian (now the Lipari) is-

----

SATIllE I. 131

Jaada.-.lntnfm Vsk«ali,' tilat ill, the biltoly of V~C1UJ, aM· the CyolepI. the sC8Ile of which was laid in • Vulcan's d".'

9. Quid .•• columntB,' tbe construction is, Platani FrontOflil, fOtt

f/Ul8lIque _or-. et ()(/lUmntB ruptIB (Mad1M' lell~, _per: clamt.!nt quid "linn ag4Jftt, .tc.-~ •• • • Il~ti,' this either a11u4ee to BOme tedious poetical treatille lUI the Bature of the winds, or $0._

play on the amours of Borhs and OrUhyla, the ~ughtel of Erechlbw.w, iir.Ic of Athens.

10. Undll ••. pelJicllltB,' i. e. Jason, who, by the as$istance el Media, stole the golden fleece from Colcbis.

11. MongeAu.,' a general name for tile Cen&aurs. because they ere described as haviug hoofs (l""-l n&t cleft (,. .. ,j. In the ~attle wiAh ibe Lapithll, they plucked up tree8 by the roots, and fl1ll1lg tMI'A likll darts at the enemy. It alludes here to some poem on this subject.

12. Frontonis platdni,' Franta, a noble Roman, famous for JUs learning, who was in the habit of lending bill porticoes to the p<'6ts of his times to recite their versee: these porticoes were saaded with·plllQ6 trees, supported by marble pillars, and adomoo with statues.-ConDtAl~ ••• clama1lt,' • the convulsed marble reechoes: ' this relates either to tbe statues almost sbakoo from their pedestals with the noise; w to

• the marble inlaid in tAe walls; or to the palle~nt, which seemed likely to be torn asunder by the.continual bawliDg.

13. .BBBiduo .•. col __ ,' • the pillars split by the incesaant recitatim;ls of the poets.'

15. Et ...• ubduzlm'lis,' the meaning is,-and why then should IIPt I, who have finished my studies, write as well ail others.-Et ••• dormlret,' iT! the schools, ditiowIe~8 aad declamations on various subjects

were introduced; one of theee 4liacuNioQll, while Juvellal was at ecbool, was .. whether Sylla abouIcl take the dictatorship, or live in ease IQId quiet as a private man 1" He had mliintaioed the latter propositioD.

18. PeriturtB •. . charttB,' • paper that will be wasted' by othe1'8. if I do not \I8e it.

19. Our ••• e~,' the construction is, ta~, si IIacat, Ilt plGc:idi Ildmittiti. raIioneRl, edam cur lCi,at decurrllTll hoc campo POR"', per ftIIlm magnus,!J.c.-Decvrrlrll,' a metaphor, taken from chariot racing, and applied hero to the writing of Satire.

20. AurutlctB,' Auruoca, an ancient city of J.atium, in Italy, was the birthplace of the great Rom .. satirist, Luciliue.

132 NOTES.

21. AtlmitRtia: admitto literally Biguifies to ' admit,' but it is sometimes used with aur1bm undentood, and then it signi1ies c to hearken, to attend.' . 22. Quum tmer ••. &Rram non .criblrll: the construction is, difficile list _ IIcriberll Batiram quum tener spada, &e.-.Minia ..• aprum: Mamia put here for any Immodest woman; in the time of Domitian, some women had the impudence to appear in the amphitheatre,

. and there perform the part of gIadiaton.-Thacan boa,., were considered the fiercest.

25. Quo ••• aondbat: the penon alluded to is snppoted to have been either OinMmUII or LiciniUII, the freedman and barber of Angustus.-Gravia .•. mihi: c troublesome to me, a youth.'

26. Quum... CrisplnUII: c when CrispinUB, one of the lowest of the Egyptians, once a Canopian slave.'-Oal'Wpi: a city of Egypt, addicted to all manner of debauchery.

27. Criapln1ls: from a slave, he had been made master of the hone to Nero.-Tyriaa •.. lacemas: the Romans used to fasten their cloaks (lacerna) round the neck with a loop. Crispinus wore his 80

loose, that he is here described as raising it up with his shoulden.Tyriaa: • dyed with Tyrlan purple;' which was very .expensive.

28. Ventllet ..• aurum: the Romans arrived at such a height of luxury, that they wore large and heavy rings in winter, but lighter ones in snmmer. The effeminate Egyptian is here represented as • waving to and fro' (!lmmo) his hand in the air, to cool his fingers, on one of which he wore a summer ring.

29. MajOris .•• gemmtB: • of a larger size,' that is,' a winter ring.' 81. Tam ferreua: • so insensible;' 80 much of the nature of iron. S2. Lecttca: this was a sort of • sedan,' with a couch in it, in which

the great men were carried by their servantB.-Mathonia: Matho had been a lawyer, but turned informer to Domitian, and thereby had amassed a great fortune.

88. Plena ipso: this alludes either to his corpulency; or to the haughty manner, which he assumed while in the sedan.-Delator: critics are divided about the man, who followed Matho. The old Scholiast 'says it was HeliodlJrus, the Stoic, who informed against his pupil, SoranUB; othen, that it was Egnatiua Oeler, or Demetriua the laWY6r. But more probably it was M. Regfdua, mentioned by Pliny, who carried on the trade of informer under Nero and Domitian.

SATIRE I. 133

." eo-B4: robbed and destroyed by secretucUllatiOllll. or pillaged by informers for hush-money.

85. Massa: Babius Massa, an infamous informer. 86. CaroB: Carw Mllntul, another informer, who bribed Regiilm to

avoid some secret accusation.-Thymllll ••. LatIno: Thymllll was the wife of Lattntul, a famous mimic; she was ' sent privately' by her husband and prostituted to Reg~ltul, to avoid some information which Lcltlnus dreaded.

38. Quum ••• proBtanlis: he now satirizes such guardians, as enrich themselves by the spoils of the young men, entrusted to their care ; the ward was afterwards reduced by their villany to such PQveny, as to be obliged to prostitute himself for his support.-Pop~l"m ••. premit: , presses on and incommodes the passengers with his train oC attendants.'

89. Et hie • .• bibit: the construction is, et hie Mari1" ez",l dam-1UJluB inanijudicio (enim quid, ftc.) bibit ab octll1la ;-lniJ.ni: 'vain,' because though intlicted on Marius, the injured province received DO

recompense. 41. .8.b octa1l4: the eighth hour oC the natural day, or two o'clock,

. P. M. which may be considered as an instance oC great luxury, the Romans not being in the habit of sitting down to their .meals sooner than the ninth hour.--.Marius: Marius PriscuB was pro-consul of Mrica, and being prosecuted by the province for cruelty and extortion, was convicted, fined,and banishcd from Italy. Yet retaining the greatel part of his former spoils, he lived in a wantoaexile; while the Mrieans returned home with the wretched consolation of having defrayed their own expenses and seen the money, levied on their oppressor, carried to the Roman treasury.-PTultur •.. iratis: though Marius had by his crimes incurred the anger of the gods, he, however, received no injury from them, but lived in the highest luxury.

42. View: 1Iictfir: was a law term, applied to those, who gained a suit.

48. Venu'In4 •.• lucem4: 'the Venusinian lamp,' that is, 'the pen of Horace himself,' who was born at Venusium, a city of Apulia ..

44 • .!lgUem: a metaphor from hunting wild beasts.-Sed ••• HeraclEas : fabrslas understood; 'but why should I rather write poetic fables on the labours of Hercules.'

12

134 NOTES.

45. Diomed'aa: ItJbiJlat understood; c the exploits of Diomede.'See Class. Dict.-.Mugltum Labyrinthi: 1. e. the Minotaur; see Class. Dict.

46. Et •.. puero: i. e. the story of Icarus. See Class. Dict.-Fabrumque t1oiantem, i. e. the story of Dmdilus. See Class. Diet.

47. Leno ••• bona: 'the husband, who turns pander, receives the goods of the adulterer,' as the price of his wife's prostitution.-Si •.• WiiJri: Domitian made a law, which prohibited the use of litters and the right of inheritance to adulterous wives. This was evaded by making'their husbands panders to their lewdness, and thus causing the legacies to be given to them.

48. Spectare lacunar: as inobservant of his wife's infamy. 49. DoctuB •.. naao: a cup was also set before the husband, (an

other device) which he pretended to have drunk, and then nodded and 1D0red as if in a drunken sleep.- Pigilanti: the poet uses the epithet trigilanti, here, very humorously, to denote that though the man seemed to be fast asleep by his snoring, yet his nose seemed to be awake by the noise it made.

50. Quum .•. amJem: another cause of indignation. It is uncertain to what person he here alludes; some understand Cornelius .Fuscus who was chatioteer 'to Nero, as 'Automedon was to Achilles; others, Tigell!;nuB.

51. Bona • .• prmBep~bw: 'has squandered his property In keeping and breeding horses.' .

52. MajiJrom censu: • his family estate.' 54. Ipse •• . quum Be jaetaret: 'when he was insinuating himsell

into the favour.'-~se: Nero.-Lacematm .•• amJcm: we are by this to understand Sporos, whom Juvenal humorously mentions in the feminine gender. The Lacerna was wom only by men.

55. Nonne .•. quadritJio: might not one amuse himself in filllng a large book with the objects of satire, which present themselves in the very streets.-CeraB •.• capiices: 'large waxen tablets;' these were thin pieces of wood, covered over with wax, on which the ancients wrote with the point of a sbarp instrument, called Btylw: it bad a blunt end to rub out with.

56. Quum .•• udt2: the constroction is, quum jam signattw 'a"o, 9ui leeer-at SII lautum et beatum e:riguis tabulis, et gemm4 ud4, Iera-

SATIRE I.· 135

I"" .edt! unnee, paten. hine, te.-Sutt! cerolCe: in a Jitter carried on the shoulder of six slaves.

67. Jlir&t: • • • patem: 'exposed on every side' to the view of the passengers and not ashamed of the means, which he had taken to enrich himself.-.MMI4: ' unveiled;' or it may be rendered almost • empty,' as filling the sedan himself.

58. Mullum ••• ",pi,..: 'much resembling the supine and effemiDate Meciinas.' ,

69. 8igntJtor falso: 'a signer to a false will; '-' a forger of wills.' -Some suppose that the poet refers particularly to 7igelllnu8, a favorite of Nero, who poisoned three uncles, and, by forging their wills, made himself heir to their estates.

60. &igui3 tab~: 'short testaments,' which in a few words bequeathed the entire property to one person alone.-Gemmlt ••• tulti : a seal, cut from some precious stone or gem, worn in a ring on the fin-181', and eceasionally used to seal deeds, &C. This they wetted to pre'Vent the wax sticking to it.

81. lkcurrit ••• _Tlto,: another subject for satire presents itself: women who poison their husbands, and that with impunity.-.Matrona ~: on account of the epithet potens, some think .!1grippina is meant, who poisoned her husband CIaudius.-Caltnum: vinum unclerstood; Cale. or Cal6num was a town of Campania, is Italy, famou. fqr excellent wine.

82. P'"'lTo ••• litietate: this may either be the ablative absolute, or ~e is the ancient form of the dative for sitienti.-Rubltam: a toad, that is, poison extracted from a toad.

68. Rutlu: before' unskilled' in the· act of poisoniDg.-Melior LoCUIta: 'a better Locuta,' a greater proficient in the art of poisoning, than Locusta herself. This woman assisted Nero in poisoning Britann¥cus, and .!1gripplna in poisoning Claudim.

84. .Nigro.: putrid and black, with the effects of the poison. 85. Gy4,;,; Gy4ro. was a small and barren island in the JEgean

sea, to which criminals were banished by the Romans. 67. Borlo.: beautiful retreats, where they had gardens of great taste

and expense.-Prtlltoria: this word denotes the country-seats of noblemen, as well l1li the palaces of great men in the city.-Men'(J8: tables made ofivory, marble, and other expensive materials.

136 NOTES.

68. Argmtum edul: 'ancient plate,' valuable on account of tlle workmllDBhip.-Caprum: the goat, being sacred to Bacchus, wu &equently represented in 1H.iH relief on drinking vo_ls. U 8tanding and browsing on the vine.

69. Quem .. poi!tam understood; where II the poet, tltat could sleep and not write satiresl-CornJptor: the father in law who takeB advantage of the covetollSn88S of his daughter in law, to debauch her.

70. PrtBte:rt4tw .. the prtBtezta was a white silk gown. trimmed with purple, wom by the 80n8 of the nobility. tID they were seventeen years or age.

72. Cltttriinw: Bome wretched poet. 73. E:e quo ••• libelli: i. e. all the vices, that have exi8ted, and have

been increasing ever since the deluge, shall be the aubjeet of my satire. -Deuealion: See Clus. Diet. and Ovid's MetamorpIa. Book 1.244-415.

75. MollUJ: • becoming soft,' as they' paduaIly _ed with life: 77. 7tmor.. 'fear offuture evil.' -78. DUettratu: the 'inconataney' of the human mind; or the de

ares and labors of men In acquiring wealth or power.-Famlgo: 'the composition;' this word signifies • a medley,-a misture,' particuIaJfy. of many sorts of com to feed cattle.

79. QuandtJ ••• nnw: a metaphorical allusion to the sail of a ship when expanded to the wind. the centre of which is called nfHII.· the bosom.' 'When did avarice spread itself 110 extensively l'

SO • .Illea:. '-the die,' a chief Instrument of gaming; put here. by Metonymy, for • gaming' itself.

81. HOB anlmos .. Aabuit, understood; an'fllm signifies here' spirit; • • when was gambHng carried on with such spirit? '~que .•• ared: gaming is carried to such an extent that they are not content to play for what can be carried in their purses. but they stake whole chests of money at a time.

83. RUe: • there, among the gamesters!-l>iIpenaatiJl't: ••• ~,. ro: the armiglri were servants, who follow"d their masters bearing their arms, when they went to battle. • The steward being armourbearer,' that is, carrying for their masters mone,: and every thing neees' aary for gambling.

SATIRE I. 187

84. SirItplafte.furor: • is it not more than madnen? '-&,tert1a. UftItIIII: • a hundred thouaand Se-tertii:' about '3570. See Adam's Lat. Gram. p. 289.

85. Horrenti: • shivering with cold.'-RedcUre: for the simple dare.-He here ceDsurea those gamblers, who had rather lose an immense BUID, than supply their familieB with the necessaries of life.

86. Quia toAdem: Be. _.-Quia .•• a!nl': • which of our ancestors ever supped in private on seven dishes.' The ancient Roman nl)ble., to display their munificence. were in the habit of giving costly entertainments to their mends and dependants: but the rich men of latter times excluded them and sat down to sumptuous entertainments, prov.ided for themselves alone.

87. Sportila: this was • a little basket' or pannier, made of a kind of broom, called Iportum. According to SuetoIDus, Nero forbade clients to be introduced to the entertainments of the rich, as had been the custom among the anciente, but ordered. that a dole of victuals or money might be distributed to them, in little baskets, at the outer gate.

88. P(JI'fJG: as containing only a trille of one hundred farthings.-71urbdl_ •• togi.tdl: the common people were called turba togata,

J'rom the gowns (toga) they wore. 811. 1Ue: the steward of the rich man, who di~tributed tha dole.

Bt trep¥dat: lest the dole should be given to an impostor.

91. .8&n""': • ~cognized as one of the ~ents.' 92. Ip,o. Trojuglnlll: • the very descendants of .<Eneas.' The poet

now inveighs against many of the Roman nobility, who were so mean as to scramble among the poor for these donations. The word ip.o. makes the sarcasm the stronger.

98. Pr.dltiSri: the prdltor was the chief magistrate of the city, and had the power of judging matters of law between the citizens.-TriMno: the tribunes, at their first institution, were two, afterwards ten, and were defenders of the liberties of the people against the encroachm6llts of the nobles. J uvenal satirically represents the chief officers of the city as crying to be first served out of the sportilla.

94. Libertln",: • an enfranchised slave.' 96. Nat"" •• Euphratem: the Euphrates. a river of Mesopota

mia, running through Babylon. From this part of the world many IllaVes were carried to Rome; the freed-man, therefore, acknowledges himself of a servile condition.-Molle •• . . fene.trdl: slaves, from

12·

139

the eastem countries, had their ears bored all a: marft of semtude, and hung with ear-rings: the epithet mollelJ may imply, that this custom was considered at Rome a mark of effeminacy; or molles in miTe fenelJtrtll may, by the figure HypalliJ9.e! be put for molli in aure fenelJtrtB.

97. Sed •• • paront: 'but my fife warehouses briDg me in 400 sestertia,'-this was equal to a knight's estate.

98. Purpt1ra: • the purple robes of the nobility.' 99. Laurenti ••• VorvinUIJ: ODe of the Doble family of the VlWlllni,

but so reduced, that he was obliged to keep sheep, as a hired shepherd, at Laurentum, a town of ancient Latium, in which were extensive pastures.

101. Pallante: Palla, was a freed-man of Claudius.-.Lidnil: the name ofseveral rich men, particularly of a freed-man of Augustus: and of Licinius Crassus, sumamed DivelJ.-E:t:8peclent ••• trib1Jni: the words of the poet Jndignant at the arrogance of these upstarts.

10i!. Sacro .• • honiJri: • the sacred office of tribune:' if anyone injured a tribune, his life was devoted to Jupiter, and his family were sold at the temple of Ceres.

103. Pedlbus •.. albis: the naked feet offoreign slaves, offered (or sale, were whitened with chalk.

105. F'uneBta: • destructive,' as being the source of unnumbered evils.

108. Saluttito ••. nitlo.t • and the temple of Concord, which chat· ters, the storks' nest being visited.' The temple of Concord was erected by Tiberius, at the request of his mother Livia. About this temple, storks and other birds were in the habit of building their nests. What the poet says, alludes to ,the chattering noise made by these birds, when the old ones revisited their nests, after having been out in quest of food for their young. Commentators remark that Concord was worshipped under the form of a stork, being very easily tamed, and that the flight of these birds was considered a peaceful omen. Some understand the bustle of the Senate hurrying into this temple where they held their rueetings. Others think, the poet satirically intimates, that this bnilding was already in ruins and inhabited only by birds.

109. SummulJ honor: • the highest honor,' that is, • people of the highest rank.'

110. Rationtblt.: • to their yearly income.'

SATIRE-I. 139

111. l1MtUe,: r the elieDtI.'-Binc: '&om hence,' .that ii, from the dole they receive.

112. ~UIqIIfl dorRi: • the smoke of the house ;' satirieaDy for the • green wood,' which the poor were compelled to buy, as being the cheapest, and which filled their ho_ with an abundance of smoke.-DetaNslma • • • lectlea: • a very thick crowd of litters.'

113. Quadrtmte.: the quatlram was the fourth part of an IU, worth / about one third of a cent; a hundred of these were put into the 1!Jptw

Hila or dole-basket.-Sequ¥tur ••• uror: the husband canies about his sick wife to claim her share.

115. Hic ••• ullam: another brings an empty litter. 117. Galla ••• ellt: addressed by the husband to the dole distributor. 118. Profer • .• caput: 'put your head out of the litter,' that I may

see if you are there; says the dispenser of the dole.-.N"oli .•• quk.cit : the answer of the husband.

119. Ip.e dies: the poet, having satirized the avarice of the higher sort. now ridicules the idle manner, in which they spent their time.

120. Sportflla: sc. petitur.-Forum: the place, where courts of justice were held: the' third forum' is meant, which was buUt by Au. gustus, and adorned with an ivory statue of Apollo, called here .;uriB percrus, from the CODstant pleadings of the lawyers.

un. 7numphale.: the statues of eminent persons, who had triumphed over the enemies of the state; these were placed in the forum of Augustus and in other public parts of the city.

122 • .IlrabarcM,: • Arsbian prefect;' Pompey is thus called by Cicero, but some infamous person is here alluded to, who had been prefect over Arabia, and had by extortion returned to Rome with great riches, and in consequence of his wealth a statue was erected- to him, as to the Egyptian mentioned in this verse, who is supposed by some to have been in a simUar situation in Egypt.

127. Rez horum: • the patron of these clients;' rez not only signi_ fies a king, but any great or rich man.-VacuiB •• • jaubat: the Ro. mans, at their meals, lay on couches; several of these couches are here supposed to be placed round the table formerly occupied by the friends and clients of the rich man, but they are now vacant; the selfish glut. ton alone partakes of the splendid entertainment.

128. Orblbw: dishes, which were circular. 129. Und ••• mcRBd: • at a single meal.'

140 NOTES.

180. PdrCllltm: from r.p, near, and .. j .. .., food: parasites were .. kind of jesters and flatterers, who were often invited to the entertainments of the rich. The rich men bad now become so mem and avaricious, that they did not invite even a parasite to flatter and divert them. -&d. quia: C but who, even a parasite l'

181. Toto, •. . opro.: 'whole boars at a time ;' the wild boar, particularly the Tuscan, was considered a very great luxury: the poet speaks as if boars were made and produced for no other purpose, than convivial entertainments.

134. CTudum pof1tJ'£em: C an undigested peacoek.'-Bo.lneo: it was customary to bathe before meals, the contrary was thought unwholesome.

185. Emc: from gluttony, &.c.-stomachs overloaded with undigested food.-Inte,tdto .e.ectw: i. e. old gluttons so suddenly taken oW, that they had not time to make their wills.

187 • .Duelfur: sc. ad. buBtum: is carried forth to burial.-b'IitiI: because you died without a will, and consequently left th~ nothing.

139 • .M"lfiBru: C deticeBdaDts.' 140. Omne ••• Bfetit: • every kind of viUany has long since arrive.

at its bigh!lSt pitch.'-Inprt.eeip¥ti: a metaphor taken from a bigh mountain or tower.-Utlre •.• BinU$: a metaphor taken from eailors; C then, Satire, hoist thy sails, spread all thy canvass.'

141. DUos ... ortnd: here the poet imagines himself interrupted by 80me friend, dissuading him from writing satire.

142. Priiirum: 8C. poettlrufn: alluding to Lucilius, Horace, Varra, and other Satirists of former times, who were permitted openly to satirize the preluing vices of their day.

14.8. Flagrante: • inflamed with satiric rage.' 144. SimplicUos: the .open and unmasked manner of writing.-CV

iw ... nomen: it is hardly safe to mention now the liberty of the olel

writers. 145. MuciuB: Titu. Muciw Albutiu., was openly and severely sati

rized by Luciliw; but in those days of liberty, no ill consequenCN were apprehended.

146. Pone 7l,geUtnum: • mention TigeUinus in your satires,' and your destruction will be certain. Tigellinus was an infamous favorite or Nero and Galba.-Tted4 •• - illd: 'you will blaze in that torch;' you will be wrapped round with pitch and tow, and set on fire like a torch.

SATIBE I. 141

Nero, after havIDg I18t fire to the city, laid the blame OIl the Chriltialw. and in this manner bomed many .f them.

147. Qu4: i. e. in the amphitheatre.-StIlllU,: • in an erect pol

twe,' being fastened to a atake.-.liizo: the point of a sword or other sharp instrument was placed agaiut the DeCk of the crimiDal to oblip him to keep his head in an erect posture.

148. Latum • •• arfrad: • you draw a wide furrow in the midst of the sand.' You plough the barren sand, which yieldB nothing; i. e. you expose your life in attacking Tigellinll8 or any other infamous character. but you do no good-your labour is all in vain. TlMs is the explanation of the line according to the reading adopted ill the text (flidikiB:) but did1lCit or flidllcet are found in most editiODl : commentators endeavour te explaiD these readings in vuiounvays. but nODe of them are satisfactory.

149. Qui ••• no,: this is the indignant _wer of the poet to his friend, who advises him not 110 write .. tire.-Qui patnlil: Tigellinus is probably here meant, who poisoned three uneleB, tbat he mi3bt obtain their property .--Jl_IIG: the atract of the poisonous herb, fDOV ..

bane, used also. as here, for any poisoo whatever. 160. PeftlillbUI plumil: It was a great luxury to have a mattreII

and pillow stuffed with feathers. on which the great man reclined ill his IIOdan: henco the term pmriftbUl, • hanging in the air,' is applied to pZ"",,", as being in the BOdan, wbic:h buag in the air, as it was canted along by the bearers.

1151. Quum ••• IHM''ttet: the poet's mend now continues his advice. ~ 152 • .I1ccm4tor • •• elt: there will be an accuser of him, who abaIl

only say, • That is the DlIIIl.' 1154. CommiUCII: • you may match in battle.'-.MIlli ••• JltAilk.:

• the history of Aehilles sIaln by Paris will offod DO one.' 1515. QutB.itw Hylaa: by Hercules. who had lost him.-Umamqu.

'41qu&tw: having fallen into the fountain after his pitcher. See C ..... Diet.

156. .I1rdm.: • burning with .. tirie rage.' 1157. lnfremuit: a metaphor from the roaring of a lion.-Rubd:

reddeDl with anger and shame.-.l1'riglIIa ••• eriminlbw: • chilled with horror at his guilt.'

159. IntU : I. e. from the reprehension of their gullt.-ke et l4erfI"..: anger at the satirist; tears at the exposure of their erime •• -n. cum ••• 'ubas; • weigh well, therefore, in your miDd,' ..,. the adviser

14! NOTES.

and friend, ,these admonitions, before you sound the trumpet,' and make the charge upon the guilty.

160. DueUi: for prQllii; duelhlm is properly a fight between two. 161. Ea:periar ••• Latin': well, says Juvenal, since satirizing

the living is attended with so much danger, I will try how far I may be allowed to satirize the dead. He therefore lashes the vicious of his own day under the names of persons long before dead.

162. ngltur einia: it was customary, at this time, at Rome, to burn the bodies of the dead and to' place the ashes in funereal UrDB.

Flammi4 ... Lai'ln/t: the Flaminian and Latin ways were remarkable for having on them the urns and· monuments of many noble Romans. Hence originated the use of Biste 1Iiator· on monnments and tombs. The Flammian took its name from C. Flaminius, who paved it; the other was called the Latin, because it commenced at the Latin gate and led to Sinuessa, the most remote of the towns of Latium. It was erdered by the law of the twelve tables, that no person should be buried within the walls of the city; hence the urns of the great were buried, and their monuments erected on these celebrated roads or ways.

SATIRE II.

This Satire contains an animated and severe attack upon the hypocrisy of philosophers and priests, and the effeminacy of military officers and magistrates; it exposes their ignorance, profligacy, and impiety, with just severity.

1. Saurom4ttll: 'the Saur0m4ttll,' or ' Sarmatians,' were a barbarous people, residing in the northern parts of Europe aUlI Asia.-Glaei4-lem oeeanum: the northern ocean, which was always frozen.-The poet intimates, that he wishes to leave Rome and retire even to the moat inhospitable regions, when he hears hypocrites talking in praise of morality.

8. Durio.: the Cnrian family was honoured at Rome, on account of .N. Owim DentfJtus, who was thrice consul, and remarkable for his courage, honesty, and frugality.-Bacehanalia tn1l1mt: 'live like the votaries of Bacchus.' Bacehanalia, a Gl'IIlcism for BacehanalJter.

4. lndoeti.: their pretensions to learning are as vain, as to virt1Je and morality.-Plena • •• f!!JP,o-:' every comer filled with busts.' Gyp .". signifies any kind of plaster, of which images and busts were 11114_

SATIRE II .. 143

6. aAryrippi: Chrysippus was a Stoic philosopher, a disciple of . Zeno, and a celehrated logician.

6 • .BriBtotMlem 8im¥lem flel Pitt4ton: • an image resembling Aristo· tIe or Pittllcus.'

'7. .!lrChetgP08 ••• Cleoothaa: • original images of Cleanthes.' Those,' which were done from the life, were called archetgpi, from A(XfJ, be. ginning, and ....... ~, form.

8. FroM: • the outward appearance.' 9. 7riatlbw OilBComiB: hypocrites, grave as to their outward appear·

ance, but within fall of the most horrid obscenities, which they practise in secret.-CaBtlgas turpia: • dost thou censure these crimes in others,' when thou art thyself as vile as they?

10. Loripl.dem ••• albw: these proverbial expressions show the im· pudence and folly of those persons, who censure others, for the vice. which they practise themselves.

11. GraccMII: two brothers, Caius and Tiberiu" tribunes of the peo. pIe, who caused great disturbances on their introducing the Agrarian law. See Class. Dict.

IS. Verri: Verres was a pl'1lltor in Sicily, and was condemned and banished for plundering that province.-.MilOni: Milo slew Clodius, and was unsuccessfully defended by Cicero.

15. TabiUam SulkB: Sulla or 8ylla was a noble Roman of the family of the Scipios. He was very crueland first set up tables of proscription, by which many Romans were put to death.-DilciptUi trell: the trio umvirs, Augustus, Antony, and Lepidus, who followed the example of Sulla, and are therefore called his disciple, in cruelty and murder.

16. 7raglco ••• concubltu: • tragical intrigue.'-AduUer: Domi· tian.

17. Reflocabat: • was reviving.'-At the very time, when Domitian was carrying on an intrigue with his niece Julia, he was reviving the severe laws of Julius ClIl8ar against adultery.

19. Vitia ulnma: for viOOri ulftmi; the abstractfor the concrete. 22. J-ez Julia: against adultery and lewdness. 25. Tertius . .• Cato: there were two eminent persons of this name.

Cato CemortRUII, remarkable for bis gravity and strict discipline, while he was censor; and Cato .lltitenris, a rigid moralist, who slew himself at Utica, after CIIlSar had conquered Pompey: to these. says LauroDia.

144 NOTES.

c:ontiDaiDg ber iJoI1y, __ bu aIlded II UainII Cllto, by eellltiDg UIJ so

leven, a mora1ist as thou art. 18. ~o611lHm11: this wu _ kind of pediuaery,lIHd by the ef-

feminate among the KOmaDII.

lIS. Lege. GCjurII: c Btatutes and laws.' 19. &atmia: this __ a law against unnaturalluBt. SO. Fllm.mt hi pltWG: they far outdo the other leX a thfap, worthy

of reprehension. 81. Juru:te ••• p/IIIlIt.fI«e.: a metaphor, lakeD frma the Roman man

ner of engaging. A p~ properly signifies a dilposition to attack the enemy.by the infantry, with every man's shield 80 close to another'., as to unite and make a aort of impenetlallie waJ). This hi said to have been fint invented by the Macedoniana: p1r4lonz is therefqre to be COII8idered as a Macedonian word.

34 • .Nbnquid • • • CGUI/U: C do we plead ClUl8I; '-do we women uawp the province of tlte men ?

86. Coliplaill.. c wresders diet! The coliplriulra wu a kind of dry diet, which wrestlers UIed, to make them strong and firm fleshed.

87. Vo, .•• fIfIllIrll: yoo have become so eJfeminate as to forsake manly ez.rcises and· addict youreelves to employments, fit only for women.-LanGlll tr~; c you card wool.'-OJl4t1IiI .. the ca1M1&i were tittle osier or wicker baskets, in which the women ueed to carry to daeir employers the work, they had finished.

88. Ptmeliipe: the wife of Uly_. See CIUl. Dict.--.8raclIru:: Arachne was a Lydian dtUDBe.l, very skilful in spinning and weaving. She hi fabled to have contended with MlPerva; but having been- conquered, lIbe hanged hereelf, and was, by that goddess, changed into a spider.

40. Horrida •• • pelle:J:.. C a dirty barlot.'-Cotllcll: • on a log of wood.' Miatre~ of families, says the old sehotiast, if they became jealOUl of their female slaves, used. by way of punishment, to fasten them to a large log of wood before the door, and keep them at ineesRllt labour.

41. Cur ••• liberto: c wby Hister made his freed-man his sole heir.' 42. Pvelle.. C ~ his young wife.' 44. 7U •.• cylirtdro,: this apostrophe may be supposed to be ad·

drel8ed to 80me unmarried woman, who is standing by. It may be paraphrased thus: cc you hear what you are to ezpect: I advise sum of yon, as wiah to be rich, to marry and keep your husbands' seerets."- .,

...

SATIRE II. 145

Cylitldro.: these were precious stonel of an oblong aod roDDd fonn, which the ladies wore, suspended from their ears. Here the word seems to lignify all kiDdi of gems.

46. Dot ~ •. columbas: men, who, like ravens and other birds of prey, are full of mischief aod vice, are yet excused: but women, comparatively, bannlesslll dOvel, when they chance to err, hear of nothing but punlsbment.

47. canentan: • proclaiming aloud.' 48. Stofdtk: I Stoicides.' This word Hem. to have been framed

for the occuion, with a feminine ending, the better to suit the cbaractera and to intimate the eff'eminacy of these pretended Stoica.

150. O'aRce: O'aReus was descended from the family of that MetelIus, who was called O'eReus, from the conquest of Orete.

lSI. Proc6las at PoRUas: the DSmes ofpardcular women, wbo were eondemned, DDder the 1u1ian law, for incontinence, but were 80 well known, as to stand bere for lewd women in general. The magistrate ereticus could condemn 80cb women as thele, when brought to trial before 1Iim, while be, by his immodest dress, shewed himself worae than they

lSI. LabulltI ••• CtJrjinia: notorious adultere8888. 112. Talem •• • togo",: these women, bad as they are, would not

appear in 80ch a dress as their judge now wears: or this may more probablyallude to the custom of obliging women, convicted of adultery, to 1JUIl off' the .tola or woman's garment, and put on the togo or man'. garment, whieb stigmatized them as infiunous; but even this was not .. 0 infamous as the transparent dress of the jUdge.

114. .Ilgas: • administer justice.' 1S5. En ... or41ris: the poet here 8Opposel some of the old, hardy,

and brave Romans, recently victorious, and covered with fresh wODDds, (erutN eulnerlbus,) rough mODDtaineera, who had left their ploughs to fight their CODDtry'1 battle., to bave arrived at Rome and to have folUld 10 eff'eminate a judge upon the bench.

58. Quid fIOn proc14ma.: • What would you not exclaim,' 0 victoriOUII and venerable people 1

81. Dedit • •• lobem: you owe all this e1l'eminacy to the company you have kept; by this .you have been Infeeted.

64, lT1HI •• , tJ6 ",,/I: a proverbial exprel8ion from the dpeniag of the black grape, which baa a blue or livid colour: the grapes do not _ lUBle this hue all at once, wt one after the other; which thfo vulgar lap-

18

146 NOTES.

posed was owing to the grapes looking upon each other, and thus contracting the same colour.

A provflbial expression of a similar kind is found in many languages. " One plum gets colour by looking at another" is said to be a common phrase in Persia, to signify the propagation of an opinion, custom, &.c.

66 • .!lc~t te: the poet now exposes a set of unnatural wretches, who, in imitation of women, celebrated the mysteries of the Bona De. or Good. Godde,s, whowas a Roman lady, the wife of one Faunus, and famous for her chastity; after her death she was. consecrated. Sacri.fices were performed to her only by night and secretly; to her was sacrificed a sow pig. At these rites none but women were admitted.

At the new institution, of which the poet is now speaking, no females were admitted.

68. Monilia: I necklaces;' these were peculiar to females;.. but the wretches, spoken of here, assumed not only the dresses and ornament", of females, but also, that they might resemble women as much as possible, went through the same rites and ceremonies.

70. Magno trattre: 'a large goblet,' out of which they poured Iibetions.-.More IIiniBtro: 'by a perverted. custom,' they exclude all women from these ceremonies, as men were excluded from the rites md mysteries of 'the GoOd Goddess.' So that the proceedings of these men were an utter perversion of the female rites.

73. JV'UUo ••• comu: at the sacrifices of the Bona Dea, it was usual for some of the women to make a lamentable noise (gemit) with a hom. The male worshippers had no women among them for this purpnse..MAllo tibicJna comu is put, by the figure Hypall4ge, for ftuUa tibicifta comu.

74. Setrteti ••• flBtl4: 'by private torchlight.' 76. Oetropiam ••• Cotytto: Cotytto was a courtezan, worshipped

by night at Athens, a city of Greece, whose first king and founder was Cecrops, as the Bona Dea was at Rome. The Baptal were her priest.. and so called from p.4"",,,, to wuh, because the priests bathe.d themselves in the most effeminate manner.-LaB.are: the priests are _d to weary the goddess, on account of the length of their infamous rites, and tbe multiplicity oftbeir numerous acts of impurity.

76. lUI! ••• acu: it was customary at Rome for the ,ladies to. paint both .their eyebrows and eyes: the first was done with a black compoBition made of .oot and. water; a neetUe or bodkin was wetted with

SATIRE II. 147

this composition, and drawn obliquely over or along the eye1JTotD.; in this way they lengthened the eyebrow, which was esteemed a great beauty.· This was imitated by the wretchel, whom the poetrentioDl, that they might appear more like women.

77. Pingif .•• ocGlo.: this WIIS another practice of the women, to paint their eyes.

'78. VIlr'eo... PriiJpo: • out of a glau Priapus.' '79. Betidllvm:· r a net or caul,' ueed by females, for enclosing the

hair behind. SO. &utuIdta: garmente of Bilk, wherein are wrought round figure!

like cobwebe, wom by women.-Galbdna rlJMJ: • smooth gran colored veste;' or, according to AinBworth, GaU/4na meaDl white.-Btua: r ahom of the pile,' i. e. • smooth.'

81. Per Jimonem: women swore by Juno; men by Jupiter, Herculea, &C. The lIlIIIIDers of the masters were copied by the servante.

82. Ilk • •• OtliimU: the poet, in this )lII88age, with great humour, parodies, in derision of the eJfeminate Otho and others of a similar character, some pU118g811 or Virgil: fust, where the word ge.tamen ia ueed, 88 descriptive of the shield oC AbllS. lEneid III. 286 •

.JEre cavo clyp_, magni ge.tamm .8.banti8, Po.tibm atlflerril jigo, ~c. And again in lEn. VII. 246, Virgil, speaking of the omamente which

Priam wore, when he sat In public among biB lubjecte, lIS their prince and lawgiver, saya:-

Hoc Pt'iami ge.tamm erat, Stc. In imitation of theBe passagel Juvenal calla OthO'1 mirror, plJthlci

'ge.tamm OthiJni., r the shield of patbic Otho.' 83 • .8.ctil';' ••• Bpolivm: alluding to Virgil, lEn. XII. 93, 94, where

Tumus arms bim&elf with a spear, which he had taken from .8.ctor, one of the .8.uruncian chief!.

Juvenal seems to insinuate that this wretch rejoiced as much in the JI0888Ision of Otho'! mirror, lIS Tumus did in having the spear of the brave Actor.

84. Tolli flerilla: this WIIS the signal for an eDgagement. 86. Be •••• beUi: a eubject worthy of being recorded, that among

the warlike baggage of a commander in chief, in a civil war, was found a mirror I This cil'j) war was between Otho and Vitellius, the latter

148 NOTES

of which persons wu let up by the German soldie1'8 for Em}leror, and at last succeeded.

89. ~lium ••• Pa1dtt: C the sceptre ~f the world l' i. e. the peaceable and sole pOBBession of the Emperor's palace.

90. Et .•• panem: the Roman ladies used a sort of bread or pute, wet in asses milk, which they preBBed, and spread with their fingers 011

the face to cover it from the air, and thUB preserve the complexion; this wu practised by the Emperor Otho.

93. Hie nullUl: Juvenal, having censured the etfemmcy of their actions and dress, now attacks their manner of conversation at their sacrificial feasts.-.Memlll: the table, where they feasted 011 their sacrifices, which, every where else, was considered sacred.

94. Hie ••• libertu: i. e. they indulge themselves ill all kinds of filthy cOllversatioll, like the priests of Cybele, who djsplayed all manner of obscenity. both in word and deed, before the image of their goddess.

96. Magni gutturW: • of Ullcommon gluttollY.' 97. CondUU,wUlque magistff: if any oue· i.e desiroUB of beina

taught the science of gluttony and beastly BeD8Uality, let him hire such a fellow as this to be his instructer.

98. Phrygio ••• more: • after the Phrygian fashion;' i. e. after the manner'of the Galli or priests of Cybele.

t9. SuPenHJcuam ••• camem: c their supedluoU8 flesh.' 100. Quadringema •••• e8tertia: 400 ,estertia, or 400000, .ester

tii, about $14280.-GracchuB: it is probable that no particular person is here intended.

101. Cornidni ••• tllf'e: the Romans used only w¥ instruments of mllsic in the army: the two principal ones were cornu, the hom, ben* almost round.; and tuba, the trumpet, straight, recto a:re.

102. Signat/ll tabflltB: c the marriage contract is signed.'-FeZicIter: a form of congratulation, particularly used on llUptial occasions.

103. Nova nupta: as SpOrUI was given in marriage to Nero. so GracehUl to this trumpeter: GracehUl is humoroUBly called ftOtICI

nupta in the feminine gender.-.MarUi: of the trumpeter, who had now become the hUBband of GracchUB.

104. CemDre •• • nobis: 'do we need a censor (to correct,) or an arUBpex (to expiate these crimes) ?

107. Segmento.: .egmentum was a female omament, wom only by matrons, which some suppose to have been a kind of C necldace ;' but

SATIRE II. 149

others, more properly,' an embroidered riband;' or' a pwple fringe,' sewed to the clothes.-Longo, lIabltu.9'.' the "ola or ' matron's gown,' which extended to the feet.-Flammea.' these were' red or flame-coloured veils,' which were thrown over the face of the bride.

lOS. ./lrc4no ••• ancilrbul: this alludes to the sacred ,hielda and image, of' Mars, which were carried in solemn procession through the city: a thong or leather strap was so contrived, that, by pulling it, the image nodded its bead to the great amazement and joy of the people.

109. Pater lJrbiB.' Msrs, the supposed father of Romulus, the founderofRome.

111. Urlka: literally • anettle,' but by Metonymy it sigDi1ies 'lewdness.'

112. 7l'adltvr.' 'Is given in marriage.' U4. Patri.' ;Jupiter.-Vade .•• neglfgil: if you are unconremed

at these atrocious crimes and show no dlsplessure, you may-as well quit U8 at once.-Cede: for diBdtle.-8ev«ri ..• eampi: the Campm .iIl'arlim, called ,~ri in allusion to the severe conflicts and exercises there exhibited.

115. OjJicium: to satirize the more severely these male-marriages, a conversation-between two persons on this subject Is introduced. The word oJfo:ium, flUptiiUe being understood, is peculiarly relative to marriage.

118. Ueeat model Ditlllre.' these 8eem to be the words of Juvenal. 119. m ada rvern: 'to be reported in the public registers.' 121. PtJrtu • •• martto,: barrenness was a frequent cause of divorce. 126. Lupereo.' the IAJ.perei were priests of Pan, who, at the f~tival

oC the LuperealiG, celebrated in the month of February, ran about the streets, lashing with a leather thong all they met: the women, so far from avoiding these blows, held out the palms of their hands to receive them, supposing that they would'thereby be rendered prolific.

126. JTaeit et hoe.' yet these monstrous acts can bear 1)0 comparison with the meanness and absurdity of Gracchus, .. Roman nobleman, exhibiting himself as a gladiator.

One class oC gladiatora was ealled retiarii : the retiariw was drened in a ,hort tunic: (tunic4ti), but wore nothing on his head; in bls left band he bore a three,ointed lance (fwetna or tritlem), and in bis right hand a Det (rete), with which he attempted to entangle his adversary by casting it over his head, and suddenly drawing it together, and then with

12*

150 NOTES.

his lance he usually lIew him. If he miRed his aim, by either throwIng the net too short or too far. he instantly tied and endeavored to prepare his net for a second throw. while his antagonist swiftly pmaued. to prevent his design. by slaying him.

Tbe gladiator. opposed to the retiGriul. was ealled rn4rmillo, from IA'(~ a fish, or .eq"utor, beeauae he PU\'8Ued the rdiariUl, if the latter misled his aim. Tbe mimIillo bad the image of a fish upon his helmet, and was armed, like a GauJ, with a buclder and a hooked eword

or eutl8llll. 127. Lmtrawque .fuglt: this intimates the ftigbt of Greechus, the·

retia.ri"., from the mimtillo.-.MIldia.m • •• ~_: • the middle of the amphitheatre: which was strewed with sand.

180. p,odium: from .,.w,. a foot, that part of the theatre nen the ~na., where the nobles sat; it projected in form something like the shape ,of a foot.

112. E8ItI allqvUlr the poet now proceeds to trace aD the forementioned crimes to their true source, the contempt of reHgion and disbelief in a future state of rewards and punishments.

188. Contum: contm is a long pole or staff, shod with iron at the bottom. to push on email vessels in the water. JUY8DaI here aBodes to Charon.

135. Qui ••• la.OtJrltur: the qua.drona, which was made of ma., equal in value to about one third of a cent. was paid. by the common people. to the keeper of the bath. Children. under four years of age. were either not carried to the bathe or nothing was paid for the privilege of bathing.

136. Ou"",: C\Jriua Dentatm. thrice coneuJ and remarkable for his courage, honesty, and (rugality.-Wbat does CuriU8 now think, who is enjoying the rewards of his virtue in Elysium ?-.I.lmbo ~: &ipio Africanw .Major, who conquered Hannibal; and 8apio ~ nUl.Minor, who conquered Numantia and Carthage.

187. Fa.briciUl: the one that conquered PyrrbU8. 138. Oremlrtll kgio: 'the legion of Cremera,' I. e. • the three hun

dred Fabii,' who were, with the exception of one, all slain by the Vajl'ntes, near the river Cremera.-Cannia: Cann.e was an obscure village in ApuHa. rendered (amous by a Blgnal defeat of the Romans by Hannibal.

139. Tot bellflmm an¥lIIQl: • I!O many warlike louls.'-Quotit. him: when the spirit of such a wretch, as has been described, leaves the world and arrives among these venerable shades, they would consider themselves contaminated.

141. Su~ra cum tediB: Slllphur and torcbe9, made of the wood of the unctuous pine tree, were used in purifications.-Humlda lou",. :

l'%.,mans also used a zKipped in water, with Bprinkled the persons lBzrified.

IUUc: to the worM JUfJemt.e: • Ireland"'

iHmey islands,' to the n'B%.'ill ira the Emperor CIaUP£%.'B~-

.•• Britanno.: i%., Bummer solstice, the are very short; scarce any in the most northem parts.

145. Sed qt.k8 ••• tnc¥mUB: the abominations, which are committed at Rome, are not to be found amongst the people, whom we have conquered.

SATIRE III.

illmlricius, an Aruspex, "f vice, and total point of quitting RoBBZ~

3 EttIe way from the his indignation,

%.¥ ,nal, disgnsted -at the m'%.%.BSuming virtue, is intr"',i%.%.%.,",q

TR,e Poet accompan,zz, hm,est exile, no longer wi th the causes of hi,

What he says may be arranged under fue fonowing heads,-that Flattery and Vice are the only thriving arts at Rome; that in these, particularly the first, foreigners have a manifest superiority over the natives and consequently engross all favour; that the poor are universally exposed to scom and insult; fuat the general habits of extravagance render it difficult for them to subsist; and that a crowded capital sub-

them to numberless %.%.%.,known in the couns, a ~ zh~pin adverts to the z,f the poorer citize'%.B

of a wen regnlate,"! illustrates by a va", PWW",t%.ZZ'S, and concludes h' and beauty, which

whole with singular Satire is imitated b,q iEescription of Londp%.%.

Bath, &c.

152 NOTES.

1. Digff_ "ell';' ••• amICi: C at the departure of an old friend;' 4. e. Umbricius.

2. P"acui8 ••• 0umiI: 0Umce, a maritime city of Campania, norfar from Puteiili, and famous for the cave and shrine of the OumlEan 8i~.

The poet calls it empty ("lUUiB) in comparison with tlte populousness ofRome.

8. Urwm 8i11ylltJJ: Umbricius was now about be,tOtDing himself as a citizen to Oumt.e, in taking up his residence there.

4. JantuJ Baillnlm: passengers from Rome to Baire, (a delightful city of Campania, celebrated for its wann springs, and frequented by the nobility of Rome, many of whom had villas there for their sumlDer residence,) were obliged to puB through Cumll: they went in on one aide and came out on the other, as through a gtJte.--Gratum .•. ,eeuBfU: the ,bore from Cumll!, to Baile was exceedingly plelJBantand calculated for the most agreeable retirement. Baill fonns part of the bay of Naples.

5. ProchflUlm: a small rugged island in the Tyrrhenian sea, near the Cape of Misiinum, rugged and desert.-Suborlll: Subura was one of the principal streets of Rome, but frequented by the vulgar.

6. Ham quid ••• po6tlJB: I. e. what place in the world is ~ere so tDf'etcheel and cle,ert, that it would not be better to Jive there than at Rome I

7. LapBUB teci6rum: • falling of houses,' oWing to the little care taken of old and ruinous buildings.

10. 7bta clomt.ia: i. e. his family and furniture. Juvenal insinuates the povertY and frugality of his friend Umbricius, whose entire household furniture was paclred lip in a single waggon.

11. &b,t.tit: we must imagine that Umbricius, attended by Juvenal, walked out before the waggon, and haVing gone to a certain distance ,tooel ,till to wait the arrival of the vehicle. Here he tells the poet his various reasons for leaving Rome, which are so many strokes of the keenest satire upon the vices and follies of its inhabitants.-P"eUre, MCUII :

the ancient triumphal arches of Romwus; or those erected to the memory of the Horatii; or perhaps the old arches of the aqueducts might here be meant.-.Mad¥damque CbpInam: Captna was one of the gates of the city that led to Oapua: it was also called FontiruJliB from the vast number of springs and aqueducts near it, and hence the epithet maclIclam.

SATIRE III. 158

12. BIe: in a grove near the gate CaplfllJ.-.MmIa : Pom.piliUl, th, successor of Romulus.-NoeNrt'ItB ••• amlCe: Numa, the more strongly to recommeJld his laws and instil into the Romans a reverence for religion, persuaded them, that he made nightly appointments with the goddess Egeria, (whom Juvenal h~moumlUly eallII his ftOch&nl.al millreBB, as if describing an bltrigue,) and that from her mouth be reeeived his whole form of government. In the grove, where they met, was .. temple sac;red to the Muses and to this goddess, whOle fountain watered the grove; for it is fabled, that she wept herself into a fountain froJD grief at the death of Nutna.·

The fountain, grove. and temple were let out at .. yearly rent to th, .rews, who together with the. Cbristianl were banished ~ theeity by Domitian.

13. DeIGbra: the difference between fIlmp_ and ~ If. that the former is sacred to one god only; th. latter iDd\lflea _III one roof shrines and altars to many divinities.

14. Coph'fnw ••• mpelle:&; the Jews were 80 poor at this time, that their only .furniture was a lHuket CIftIl lt4y. In th... bub.., formed of osiers, they carried their provisioDS, and made use of wist- of hay, to stow them the better, and prevent the c:ontenta froID CaIliDr; through the interstices.

15. Omnil ••• arbor: the grove being let out to the Jews, 8Vf1IJ tree may be said to bring in a reftt to the avaricious people.-.MendktaI 8ilua: • the wood begs ;' i. e. • the Jews, the inhabitants of the wood.'

17; Vallem Egerit.e : • the vale of Egeria,' the ArieinIaD grove, where the goddess was worshipped.

18. DiBrimlk. "eriB: • unlike natural eaves,' \III being now profimecl with artificial ornaments and robbed of their natural simplicity.

19 • ./VimIeft aqua!: every fountain was supposed to have a parfieulv divinity, wh~ presided;over its waters..,- V"lridi ••• tophu",: if, in place of having the water enclosed with _bk and other ornaments, it were adorned with its natural border of fWlfler-tlying grass, and f'tIde ,and .tone (tophum).

21. Hie: here, where they stopped, Umbricins addresses our poet. 22. Nulla • •• laborum: • no profit nor enc:ouragementfor industry.' 23. ReB • •• est: • my property is less to-day than it was yesterday.'

-Ectdem .•• detlret ••• al¥quid: this same poor pittance will decrease to-morrow,-will be wearing away something from the little,

154 NOTES.

that is left to-day.-Detlret: a metaphor taken from the action oC the &le.

24. Illue ••• aku: i. e. to Cu_, where DtIJtl4ltu alighted after his Bight from Crete.

26 • .PrimA et rectlJ r • fresh and upright:' while old age appears in its 'fiNt stage; the ancl4lnts supposed, that old age commenced about the Corty-sixth year.

27. Dum ••• torquetJt: • while Lachw has remaining some por1fon or my vital thread to spin.'-The PtJrU80r Destinies were three, Clotho, LtJehlIlia, IJnd .8.triJpo.; the first held the distaff, the second drew out and spun the thread, which the last cut 011', when finished.

29 • .8.rtoriva ••• et Cat6lUl: these· were two informers, who, from very low life, had raised themselves to affiuent circumstances, by aD kinds of meanness and villany.

II. QuI •••• foeIk est : either on account of their aequired wealth, or their avsrice. We are to understand publicans and farmers of the revenue; men, who would undertake· any thing for gain.-.lEdem: temples, theatres, &C. the building of which they contracted for.-FlumlntJ: this may mean foMriu, by hiring which they monopolized them, so as to distress othere, and enrich themselves; or the efJ7'riag. of goods upon the rivers, for which a toll was paid; or the cklJf&ing of the beds of riNr" for which they contracted.-PorlUl.. harbour, to be repaired; or port dtllW., which were farmed to them to the great public prejudlce; or the ports themselves, which brought them in much gain, for the station of ships.

82. 8iecu.ndam elulliem: • common sewers to be cleaned and emptied.'-BUIttJ.. the places, where dead bodies were burned.

88. Et .•• '""14: these fellows sometimes were sellers of slaves, .which they purchased, and then sold at auction.-Dom¥n4 '""14: a spear was the enBign of power, and signified, that an auction was held by legal authority, when set up in thef_: the poet calls itdomfn4, as presiding over the sale, ruling the disposal of the persons or things sold.

14. Bi eomidne ... .Ilrlorius and CbtfUus, not long before, were hom blDtDers to some strolling company of gladiators, stage-players, or the Hke.-.MimicipcJli8 ~_: rmmieipium: was a toum corptWtJte, which had laws of its own, and yet enjoyed the privileges and freedom of Rome. These persons are called the constant attendants on a mu-

SATIRE III. 156

nicipal theatre, by way of contempt, because none but first rate ped'onners appeared at Rome.

85. Nolta ••• bucece: blowers on the hom or trumpet were sometimes called buccinatlJre., from the great distension of the cheeb in the action of blowing. This by constant use left a swollen appearance on the cheeb, for which these fellowa were well bown in the country towns.

86. MunlrlJ nunc edu"': c now exhibit public shows of gladiators.' - JTerllo ••• polltce: this alludes to a usage at the fights of the gladiators: if the people supposed, that a gladiator wu conquered either through cowardice or want of skill, they turned their thumbll 191, (",,-80) a sign that he should be put to death: if they wished him to be spared, ,they fumed their thumbll down (premh'e).

37. Popultn'tter: at the wish of the people, and to obtain their ap- , ~lause.-.huU: c thence,' i. e. &om the plays and shows of the gladiators.

38. liuum ••• joci!.ri: the. pOet considers the advancement of such men as a freak of Fortune, exercised through mere caprice and wantonness, without any regard to desert or worth.

42 • . Po8clre: c ask for a loan, or gift of a copy.'-JI(C/tw IJIItrDrum ignoro: 'I bow nothing of Astrology or fortune-telling,' which are in high repute.

43. Ftmua ••• POIlBtllll: alluding to the want of natural a6ection in certain profligate young men, who were in the habit of consulting astrologers about the time, when the death of a rich father might be expected.

44. Rtmdrum • •• ~: though a SOQthllllyer (~). 'I have never inspected the entrails of frogs or toa4s, in quest of poison.' -Ra_ is a general word for all kinds offrog. or toadIt.

47. Ideo: 'for these reasoDS, I depart from Rome, &CC!)mpanied by no one ;' for 1 know noDe to whom 1 can attach myself as a companion, 80 universally corrupt have.all men become.

49. DiligUur: c esteemed at Rome.'-ConaciUl: &C • • cellrum aliiJrum.-Cui: this word in this line may be considered as a diB'YllalIle.

61 . .NIl • •• hone,li: the man, who imparts to you the secret of an honest transaction, never thinb himself indebted to you for concealing . it; but the villain, wbo makes you privy to his crimes, will ever bribe and fawn on you, that you may Dot divulge them.

I

156 NOTES.

6.. Opaci ••• 2'\rgi: Tagw is a river of Spain, which discharges itself into the ocean near Lisbon, in Portugal. It was anciently said tD have golden sands. It is called opaci, dark or shady; from the thick shade of the trees on its banks: or it may denote a dusky turbid appearCIRCe In the water.

66. Poner&da: for deponenda; c which ought to be rejected.' 67. TI'iIn.: c full of anxiety.'-Et •.. amlco: while the 'powerful

friend, who bribes you, dreads lest you should divulge his secrets, it is but natural, that you should be in continual fear, lest he take your life to rid himself of danger.

60. Quirtte,: this was a name of the Sabines, from the city Cures, or from quiris, a spear used by them. It was afterwards a general Dame for the Romans. The name Quirtn", was first given to Romulus.

61. GrllJcam urbem: i. e. the city of Rome now almost overrun with vagabond Greeks.-Quota ••• .Ilc1uei: C what is the portion of Acblllan dregs?' i. e. what are the Greeks to the number of other foreigners?

621. 8ynJs ••• OronteB: I. e. Rome has long since been inundated with Syrians. Orontes was the largest river of Syria.

8:1. Linguam: c the Syrian language.' 8.. Gmtilia tymp4na: • national timbrels.' 81S. Circum: the Circus ma.rimuB, which is probably meant here,

was an immense building. built by Tarquiniu. Priscus, but adomed and enlarged by succeeding kings to such an extent as to be able to contain in the seats two hundred and sixty thousand spectators.

66. Lupa barbdt'tJ: • a Syrian strumpet.' --.M"ltrd: a sort of turban worn by the Syrian women as a part of their head dress, omamented with painted linen.

87. Rustlcus ••• c011o: the poet intimates, in this apostrophe to Roml1Ius, that while the Greeks, &e. were worming themselves into all placea of power and profit, the Romans, once so renowned for their manly virtues, were wholly taken up with the idle amusements of the Circus. or thls-perversion of the Latian shepherd, he marks his contempt by crowding his description with words of Greek derivation.-7hchedipna : from ",'X'" to run, and )ai ..... , a supper; these were garments, in which they ran to other people's supper; probably,' the succinct vest,' which the Romans adopted from the Greek wrestlers.-Ceromat¥co: the cerllma, from .~, wax, was a mixture of oil, clay, and wax, with which

~----- -~----.. -

SATIRE Ill. 161

wrestlen anointed themselves.--\'ieeterilJ: &om .r.... 'fictory;' th_ were rewards for 'fictories, such as rings, c01lars of gold. &C.

69. B# . •• ./llalNmdi8: the poet now refers to the Grecianll who thronged &om various cities to Rome.

'70. 8amo: in scanning this line, the 0 in &mo is preserved Crom elision: it is divided thus,

Hic in-I dr'1lle sa-I mel hic I Trallibils I aot ill-I bindi8. '71. E8fJUiliaI: the motU EM]UillftUl, one oCthe Beven hUls on which

Rome was Idtuated.-Dietvm ••• a trim'rIII collem: the coUu V'un.lu, another oC the Beven hills, 80 called &om the OM' which grew there.

'72. V',",ra •. . domuum: by insinuating thelDlelves into the intimacy of gmt and noble families, they become as it were their very wals.

'78. Ingmium eelol:: • a ready invention.' '74. Ileo: .r._ was a great Athenian orator, and the preceptor of

Demosthene8. '76. QuemeiI ••• ad flO': • in his own person he has brought every

character you can imagine:' Cor he is completely a jack of aU trades; as is said oC the Jesuits. JemitUI e,t omnu homo.

76. Geo~tre.: the first two syllables oC this word are contracted by the Figure Syneresis: the line is thus divided.

Grimmllti-I cus rhe-l tor g'o-I meWs I picUir l-lliptes. '78. lkt.8CfUm ••• Wit: the diminutive is used sarcastically: let my

little lkecian be pinched with hunger, and he will undertake any thing, however improbable,-like anothe,.Daltl4lus, he will attempt to fly into the air.

'79. Ad _: C in short,' Daedalus him&elC was a Greek. 82. FultUI _ •• rell1ll7lbet: the Romans lay on couches at their con

'fivial entertainments; theBe couches were more or less ornamented, and were occupied aecording to the quality of the guests. The middle couch was esteemed the most honourable place, and 10 in order from thence.

84. Callum ••. AelntlnUl'll: 'imbibed the air of mount Aventine,' ODe oC the Beven hills of Rome.

86. .&Iced ••• &hIM I • Sabine berries,' i. e. the olive, which here, by SgnechdiJcAe, Bignifies the various fruit. oCItaly, in,contradistinctioD to ~ et cott4na, which were Syrian fruits.

14

158 NOTES.

88. .Lt1fIgum ••• coUum: 'a long neck' was considered a sign of imbe;:5Iily.-y'enn",&bUB; to tilll bram"y n""Y.'

90. ntis cred'ttur: these Greeks, however gross their flattery, (lTe

I,diel"ld; w" "ev"r ,hoiiXd be. 91. .llntwchus •.• est: although we at Rome greatXy admire me

slrecian actors, .!1rlZk,lchll"s, &C, det iTb their 0'wn llOUntT!; (ilUil) thf,Y are but little admired; for in reiiEty 45,eece is a nadon of mimics.

95. iiV~C : 'hut he grie"es not;' fOr his arll f:igned" 1

96 . .!1cclpit: 'the para.ite pUlii on.'-ElTb7,comldm: thic7" ,haggy '"ilat, mom bh 7,",),mnics aftel eX'Yrdsin7,i to prevent their taking cold.

99. .!1 facie jactiir"f: mlYllUB: this WOY the Vssh;g of honds to his t If:n, Or ,om" fiction of complimentary address, made use of by flatterers.

100. dndt! 'imtri.; lest they yhould nlve'lI lhe fl:f:rets wV,yh th"h led be,":ome possessed.

ill 02. ,'£bolE:e: thl; l,bo££iY was kin:! lif c?l;iik, ""elm by yoldielY, alai;" b££ philosophers. The abolla of the soldiers was smaller than the other, and cSlXTl:d flEfTior, that the pbilo7:ihher:7i beiop larheT, W77S call:::V major,-Here by Metonymy it denotes the philosopher himself.

103. :'£'ZOlt;il".: VareL7:7ll •. §cnc,e P. Vgnafi"8 C,:Zl:r,s:lh,Taf:f, tus, circumvented by false testimony his friend and disciple Barcas So,:,,:us.

104. Ripa ..• caballi: by this periphrasis we are to understand, that Sbll:: was brede; Thdif's, Cilici'E" this dty Wf,S bV5t by fierse,",,:

on the banks of the river Cydnus, on the spot, where his horse Pegasus chopped fe::fher Ollt of his winh"

105. Gorgonei ... eaballi: i. e. Pegbus. See Class. Dict. F07. lProtohiEncs •. D!ph:£flls. . EEimd:r::ilus: these

names of Greek parasites, commonly supposed fictitious. P1'otoglnes l;:nvevey was cru,:I per,i",utor:mde, CaIig,g,ka; Diphllu, fikhg, favorite and minion of Dornitian.

i 11. £f'eritt'z'nt sc:n:zzii: my X:mg lind faiVfV se:7ylces :Ere fiii'

gotten.' H2. tdZ'usl;,ulm clicuZis: tn otb", part the: worI,h is

loss of an old follower and friend thought less of.' 214. lTOgii.t:L': Cli'll:";' tl:e al::::nda':l' of f;reat ':;.::n Rowe

were called anteambuloncs, and clientes togati, from the toga, wom hl;the ::tmm:m peof'"

_, 01.

SATIRE III. 159

115. ' OIJ.rrlre: this implies the haste which they made to get fimt, and consequently to appear the most respectful.-Prtfltor lictiJrem impeUat: the prmtor was the ehiefmagistrate of the city; he was preceded by officers, called littOt'B, twelve in number, who carried the insignia of the prllltor's office. The pfilltor, that he may not be too late, is here represented as hurrying on his lictors, who, on other occasions, marched slowly and solemnly.

U6. OrbiB: 'childless widows;' Ot'bvs signifies a child that has lo.t hu pare'1it., or a parent tha( has loBI hu children.

117 . .Illbinam Bt Modiam: tw!l rich and childless old widows, to whom these profligate fellows paid their court.

118. Da te.tem: Umbrici1J8 also complains, that the times were so corrupt, as not to admit a poor, though good, and virtuous citizen as a witness; and that the rich alone were considered worthy of credit.HospeB ntmtrftu Idt.ei: P. Oo~li'IIB Scipio NaBIea adjudged by the senate to be one of the best of men, and pronounced by them worthy to receive into his house and to keep the image of CJyblle, brought from Ida. in Phrygia, until a temple should be ereeted to receive it.

'119. Qui •. • Mineruam: i. e. L. OtflcilWB Metellw. See CladS. Diet.

'120. 7repJdam:: 'trembling for her safety.' 121. Protlnw ..• quteBtio: sc. dll1Jenltur; 'the first inquiry regards

his income, the last question will be coneerning his moral character.' 126. Sam/Jt1wiktlm: Samot1wace was an island near Lemnos, not

far from Thtaee, very famous fo~ religious rites: from hence Dardllnus brought into Phrygia ~e worship of the .Dii MajIJr€B (Jupiter, Minerva, &c.). From Phrygia, ..Eneas brought them into Italy.

126. No.trlWtt.m: i. e. Mars and Romulus. 127. lX. igno,cent¥bvs: the gods not punishing his peljury, but ex

ell8ing him on account of the temptations, he is under from poverty anrl want.

129. 1lie idem: se. pauptJ'l'; • this same poor fellow.' 180. 8ordid1lla: dim. of BOt'dldw, -4, -um' somewhal'dirty.' 131. Patet: 'gapes,' the upper leather being tom trom the soal.

Vel • •• tit4N: the language is here metaphorical; I1Ulnlre, the 'WOI.md, meaDS the rupture of the shoe; titaN, which literally signifies a sear or seam in the Ilesh, means the awkward seam on the patch of the

160 NOTES.

cobbled shoe, which exhibited to view the C08II8 thread in the new made stitches.

135. PulolflO •.• ftljflcit: L. Bo,ei1n OIAo, a tribune of the people, instituted a law, that there should be in the theatres fourteen rows of seats, covered with cushions, for the &CCOlIIIIlodation of the knights i and that no poor person, nor any other, having less than 400 _tertia (about $14280), should sit there.

141. Quit gener: Umbricius continues to show the miseries of being poor, and instanees the disadvantages, which men of smaD fortunes lie under with respect to marriage.-Cemu minor: I inferior in property' to the lady, to whom he would propose himself in marriage, or, as lODle interpret it, ' less than the CemtJl,' i. e. one whose income is too small to be registered and assessed. -

144. Tentul, •.. Quirite,: 'the plebeians of Rome.' ,145. Emergvnt: out of obscurity, poverty, and contempt, to wealth

and honors. 146. Durior: • more difficult,' than it is in any other place.-llliI:

to the poor. 149. Quod ••. &.hellam: the poet here alludes to Cr.IriuI.l)ent4tuI,

whe) conquered the Sammtes and Marai, and reduced the &.belltml into obedience to the Romans. When elected consul, he was immediately ordered to march against thlt Sammtes.

151. Venlto duroque cucullo: 'with a course blue hood.'-1'he etc

ctdlm was a short cloak of rough course cloth, with a .cowl to pull over the head occasionally; it was O9OOly dyed with bltul, which color seems to have been first used by Venetian fishermen.

153. Nemo ••• mortuus: it was customary among the Romans to put a gown on a corpse, when it was carried forth to bwial. In many parts of Italy. where they livlld in rustic simplicity, the people dressed in the tunlca or jacket, never wearing the toga.-The meaning is that one might live in other places besides Rome, at a much less expense.Dierum ••• feBtlSrum: the die, fe.ti were festivals observed on some jbyful occasion: the people then went, dressed in their best apparel, to the plays and shows.

154. HerbiiBo .•• theatro: at Rome, the theatres were built of marble and other splendid materials; here they were not at the elqlense of costly edi1ices, but green IIOds alone were used.

155. Notvm "odium: • lome well known farce.'

SATIRE III. 161

156. Persi11uiI'." • • hidtum ': the perslJna or laTlla was a mask, entirely covering the head, having a large gaping mouth, that the actor might speak through it the more easily.

159. OrcheBtram: among the Greeks this was in the middle of the theatre, where the Chorus danced: but, among the Romans, it was the space between the stage and the common seats, where the nobles and senators sat.-Olari .•. albfll: the cediles, who presided at these celebrations, did not, as at Rome, dress themselves in fine robes decked with purple, but were content to appear in plain white tunits.

161. Hie: i. e. at Rome. 163. ,,smbitilJsa paupertdte: though poor, we are all ambitious to

appear rich and great. 164. Omnia .•. pretio : ' every thing is extravagantly dear at,Rome.' 166. Veiento: FabrieiuB Veiento was a proud nobleman, a favorite

of Nero and Domitian: he is here represented as being so haughty, that he would not deign to say a word to the suitors who were admitted to him; yet even admission to his presence was attained with great difficulty, and not until they had paid high bribes to the servants.

167. nle .•. amo.ti: it was the custom of the Romans, to dedicate the first shavings of the beard and cuttings of the hair, after they had arrived at a state of manhood, to some deity; when these were dedicated by the great, a fe~tivaj was observed and presents were expected from all their dependants. It was also customary with the wealthy to cut off the hair of their minions.just arrived at puberty, and to c.onsecrate it, on which occasions also presents were expected,

168. Libis tlenal'tbus: these were cakes made of honey, meal, and oil, and sent as presents' from the poor to the rich, on festal occasions. The slave, to whom they were presented, often sold them to advantage, hence the epithet, tlena!ib'U8.~edpe ••. habe: 'hear too thia cause of indignation,' amI let it work within your mind.'-Fermentum: 'It

metaphor from the working of bread; for anger raises the mind into a state ofjermentation.

170. Cul~is .•. servis: 'augment the vails (or perqui8lte~) of spruee slaves.'

171. Gelldd. Promeste: PrfllneBte was a city of Latium, well.watered, and situated amidst romantic mountains; hence it is called by the poets cold.-As it is always found in the neuter gender, commentator;; supply the word urbe.-Rulnam: 'the falling of houses.'

14"

162 NOTTT.

172. Volliniis: Vollinium was a pleasantly situate.~ town ill E truria. 1773e f;fimpZidbus dzzbiis (;abi£;;as a of Vol;;;ians, £"%;en

by the cunning of Sextus Tarquin: hence it is called simple.-Proni .. ai . • ;: Tibzzi was pleas;;;; cit%; 'if !tal%;. about sixteen miles from

Tome, thE. ;lver : it ;Lood a p;;.cipi.;;;. and h;;d the; ;;p-

pearance of hanging ooer it. 174e .Nos sui Home ,zzas b ;;.any parts ,;;Zzzous, mzzzp of

the houses were supported by very 'light props. 176e Tillk.z0: the. dty o11,ier, Ii 1;;;se d;;z11 it to z.ttz.nd t; the

repairs of the ;;ity: 0; ;;;ore 11;;;perlp ;he ste;o;;;;d of lan;?To;;d of ;h;se houses.-Rimm ... hiatum: instead of repairing the holes in the wall,

merdy stop; them wiz To mort;.; ;;r so;;;;; zhing 178. nUe: i. e. in those small aud retired towns. 17ge Trivlll;; his .;;;veabl;;; of vab';e 180. Ncallg.;;.: s I;. ;;iirgil ; JEn. ;';;.k 2, ZIH?-3iP.-7'iF.i; 'to 11 fur

destruction.' 181 e ,;ydlbi;' if occup;;;;ta of the gro;;;,d flo ;.e ;£re in yyn-

fusion (in consequence of the fire) the garret will burn.' 184e T.ect!L; • mI£;,;r: 'N;drus L;d a £e.mch s ;;;.ter his ;;;ife

Frocma.e

185. Infra: 'beneath' the cuphoarJ. 186e {.'anth;rn;s: vess;;; with hand I; to IL-Stt?c

Chiron: 'a figure of Chiron (the centaur) under the salDe marble j , e. umk" the ;;,;;rble ;;h;;b, of which cupfmard form;,;), peel;yps

hy way of support to it.-Some suppose, that relis WIa a m".m figuF; ;;f Chiron, made of the same material~ with the cantiulrus, viz. of clay, which iro;;l; ;.Uy ee;,l'ess;;; by w£; ;;mIlr;., for of tfzfis iW;;hes ,,;£;;e

usually made. 188. ;;iplci.e harh ;;e;;;;s;' G.z;lcu; a wmd tak;;e (rom '2.e

all, ancient, rude, and harharous people of Italy. 190. mnmus •.. mrum1l4 cumiUus: 'the height of his accumulatmis;;;k·'

191. Nudum: as having lost his few clothes by the fire. 192, .l.irwsplti;; 'ent;;;tainme;.;.' le93• Horrlda mater: 'the R9man matrons are in mourning;

mater may mean' Rome itself' ]96. ,.]"elet ,;;;;fJ;uc: wl.ile the;; hous;; stiH firee 198. Euphranllris e! PolycUti: these were two eminent Grecian

;;t;;tuari;;;ze

er::, 01"

SATIRE Ill. 163

199. Hac: • this lady! 200. Mediamque Minervam: • and a bust of Minerva! GrtmgiUl

observes, that the ancients had their II imaginell aut mtegrOl, /JUt. dimidiatOl;" of which latter sort was the image of MinereIJ.Britannlcull expounds mediam Minervam, II a statue of Minerva to! be placed in the middle, by way of ornamenting his library."

201. Modium: modim means here an indefinite quantity: so wet say II a bushel of money."

202. PerIlJcuB: .Ilaturim was either a Persian or was so called from his immense riches.

204. A"elli OirBensJbulI: the Circensian games were so called, because they were exhibited in the Circus. See Kennett's Rom. Antiq. These shows were favourite amusements, and therefore the Romans could with difficulty be prevailed upon to absent themselves trom them; hence the sarcastic a"eUi, to be forcibly dragged away.-&rie ••. FabraterUe .•• F'rusinone: these were pleasant towns in Campania.Paratur: • is purchased.'

206. Tenlbras: «darkness;' but here, figuratively, some miserable • dark hole.'

207. Hic: i. e. in any of these towns.-Reate mo"endus: i. e. not so deep, as to want a rope and bucket.

209. Bidentis.. a fork with two prongs, used in husbandry: here. by MettJnymy, • husbandry' itself.

210. PythagDTeiB: Pythagoras and his followers lived on vegetables, particQlar\y pulse.

212. LacertOl" the green lizard is found in various parts of Italy, as in all warm climates, and is very fond of living in gardens.-The poet means" that wherever a man may be placed, it is no small privilege to be able to call one's self master of a little spot of ground, though it were DO larger than to contain one poor lizard.

218. Inc: here, iD Rome.-V'1gilando: by being deprived of sleep and rest, from the continual noise in the streets.

214. Jmperfectm .. • indigested.' 215. Ardenti: feverish and burning. He seems to allude to what

we call a heart bum. 217 • .lr&de: i. e. from want of sleep.-Rhedarum: rheda means

any vehicle, drawn by horses, mules, 8tc.-.llreto •.• mandr.: the streets of Rome were anciently very narrow and crooked; the eon-

164 NOTES.

sequence was, that carnages were obliged frequently to stop: hence the scoldfng and abwioe language heaped by the drivers on each other for stopping the way.

218. Mandm: mandra signifies a, hovel for cattle, a pig-stye; also, by Metonymy, a team of horses or of any beasts of burden. Some think it put for the driller.

219. Dru.80: Tib. Claud. Dru.8. Ct.!8at was, according to Suetonil18, exceedingly drowsy.

221. Libufno: sc. SettlO; carried in a sedan on the shoulders of tall Liburnian slaves, abolle the heads (super ora) of every foot-passenger.

224. AnM ... Ileniet: though he reads, writes, or sleeps, on the way, he will arrive at his journey's end before 118, poor wretches.

226. ABBere: asser signifies a pole, a piece of wood, • the joist of a house;' the last may be meant here: or it may mean' the pole of some lltter,'-' a chair-pole.'

228. Plantd ••. Atsret: i. e. I can hardly turn myself, but some heavy, splay-footed fellow tramples upon my feet, and at last some soldier's hob-nail runs into my toe.-Soldiers wore a kind of harness, called callga, on their feet and legs, which was stuck fall of nails.

230. Pumo: some understand fu,mo, figuratively.' with how much bustle:' others think it alludes to the smoke of the chafing dishes, which were used to keep the food warm, as it was earned through the streets.

231. Cullna: the sharers of the dole retumed home. each followed by a slave. who carried a portable kitchen.

232. Corbi1lo: a very strong and valiant man in the time of Nero. 236. Sarraco: sarracum is a strong waggon to carry timber aud

stone. 238. E!4za Ligmt¥ca: vast masses' of stone, cut out of the mountains

of Liguria, between Etruria and Gaul. 241. Petit: 'is reduced to nothing;' or at least ground so small as

to be imperceptible. 242. More anlmIB: i. e~ the particles, which composed the body,

coald no more be found, than the soul, which is immaterial.-Secfj·ra: • unconcerned' as knowing nothing of the accident. ,

243. Unctu Btrlglibw: for Btrigillbw, for the sake of the metre; strigil was an instrument (or scraping the body after bathing: it had lOme oil put on it, to make it slide with less fiiction over the skin.

SA-TIDE III. 165

These iDstrumenfll were made of gold. silver, iron, or the like, which, when gathered up, or thrown together, make a clattering lound.

244. LintetJ: 'napkins,' to wipe the body after bathing.-Gutto: pttu, wu a vellel, from which oil wu poured drop by drop upon the body after bathing, and then it wu robbed all. over it.

245. me: the slave, bringing home the '1'ortula, who had been killed by the fall of a block of ltone.

246. Rip4: Ie. StygitJ; where the unburied and the poor, who could not pay the farthing (trimtem) to Charon, were obliged to remain, till the expiration of a hundred YearII.

248. Ore trimtem: the trietu Wal a very small piece of money, (equal to about one half of a cent,) the third part of the 48. It wu customary, among the Greeks, to put a piece of money into the mouth of the dead, which Wal supPol8d to be given to Charon, as the fare, for Palsing in his boat over the river Styx.

luvenal seems to ridicule the Romans Cor adopting this Coolfsh superstition.

249. Re'1'lce: Umbricius, U' an additional realon Cor his leaving Rome, now showl, with great humour, the dangers and diBadvantages. to which the inhabitants, especially the poorer lort, are exposed. in walking the streets by night.

There is every reuon, from the testimony of contemporary writers. to believe that the picture is aI faithful u it is anirpated; it Is nearly that in short of every overgrown and vicious capital, which is not protected by a vigilant police.

251. n.ta: a fragment of any broken vellel; 'a potsherd.' 268. po.N ... hablri: you may justly be considered negligent of

your a1JiUrs. 255. Tot lata . .. /ene.tra: i. e. u many chances of having your

head broken, u there are open windows, and people yet awake to throw down their broken ware on you.

258. PatfllaB tle.fundlre pelfJe.: 'to pour down the eontenfll of broad basins,' and not the buinB themselves.

259. Ebriu, ••• IUplnm: i. e. the drunken, saucy rue, if, on his way home from a tavern, he has had no opportunity knoclring dotDn or abusing any person. (dat pantJB) 'Is tortured' within himself, and is u aleeplell8 as Achilles, lamenting the death oC his friend Patroc;1us.

166 NOTES.

. Suetonius and Tacitus infonn us, tha(Neroand Otho were accustomed to go about in this manner and beat every one they met.

262. Ergo • •. dormlre: commentators consider these as the words of Juvenal, interrupting Umbrlcius, who answers, Quibusdam, ,,"c.

263. Impr6bm annil: C presumptuous in consequence of his youth.' 264. Coedna ltma: the ltma was a short heavy cloak, usually worn

by soldiers; but only the rich and noble could afford to wear those, which were dyed mBearlet (cocclna).

266. MuUum • . . jlamm4rum: the rich were usually attended through the streets at night· by servants carrying jlambeaUB.-.lEnea . Io.mplUl: C a lamp of Corinthian brass,' very costly and usually carried before 1ribunes and opulent persons.

267. Lmla: C the tight of the moon.'-Deduc~re: sc. domum. 268. .Filum: C the wick,' which was usually covered with wax. 269. Contemnit: this wanton fellow holds me in the utmost con·

tempt, as being a poor man and weaker than himself; but he is very cautious how be attacks the rich and powerful.-Cogno8ce pro/B71lia :

4 hear then the prelude.' 273. Fortior: t stronger.'-CujuB aclto: f whose sour wine bave

you been drinking? '-Others understand tJinegar, poured on the beans instead of oil.

274. Conche tumeB: conchil was a bean in the shell, and thus boil· ed; a common food among the lower sort of people, and very filling, which is implied by fumeB.

275. Vert7t"ciB lo.1Jre: the lips of a wether, but here, by SynecdOche, the entire c sbeep's head.'

277. COMBraB: conmto signifies to abide, to keep in one place; bere it seems to allude to taking a constant stand, as beggars do, in or· der to beg : C where do you take your stand as a beggar?' This idea seems countenanced by the rest of the line.-ProBeuch4: this word properly signifies prayers; it means also a place of prayer, in the porch of which beggars used to stand and ask alms; and hence it signifies any place, where a pauper begged.

279. Vadimonia ••• faciunt: then enraged, as if you had given the firsfblow, they compel you to give bail for your appearance at trial;they bind you over for an assault.

,S3. Nec tamen: Umbricius DOW gives other reasons for bfa quitting Rome.

SA.TIRE IIJ. 167

284. .Non de.",: tbia Une is thus divideu, Non clI-1 lit elaii.-I sIs diimi-I bus post-I qu'iimnis ii-Iblque.

De'nt, by Synmresis for de"". 285. CatetliUtB ••• tabemaJ: the old Scholiast says, that they used

to fasten up their shops against robbers, by introducing a large chain through every plank.-The word ailuit here shows that the building is put for the inhabitlmts within, by Metonymy.

287. Armtlto .•. pinw: i. e. when the PomtiDian. marsh in Campania, and the Gallinarian pine-wood near the bay of Cumre (both of them noted places for thieves and robbers) are protected by strong guards, the thieves and hi,l!;hwaymen flock into the city. . 289. Viooria: lIitIarieB ate places where wild creatures live, are Ced,

and protected, as deer in a park; fish-in a pond, &c. 290. CatlfftB: sc. conjicitmtur. 298. Proaf1i1TtW11 atatlOB I 'our ancestors of old time:' proatIW is a

gteat-grand-father: ataWB a great-grand-fathers grand-father. 295. Uno ... carclre: in the time of .Ancus Martius, robbers were

so rare, that the prison, which he built in the fOf"Ulln at Rome, was sufficient to contain all convicts. Servius Tullius built an addition to it, called the Thllidnum, which SaIll¥t describes as a dungeon.

296. Catllas: i. e. for my leaving Rome. 297. Vocant: 'summon me away.'-Jncllnat: from the meridian

towards its setting. 299. Vale. nOBtn memor: an usual kirid of valediction among- the

Romans.-Et .•. Aquino: the coustruction is, et quoties Boma red.det Ie properantem rejici tuo Aquino.

300. Tuo ... Aquino •.• Cerlrem:' Juvenal was hom at Aqulnum, a town of the Volsci, on the Latin way: in this place was a temple, sacred to Ceres, named :fIeltll_, and one also of Diana, the vestiges of which are said to be still remaining. '

303. CaligatuB: 'armed atall points.' The callga was a sortoCharness for the leg, wom by soldiers, who were hence called cal~ti.

Some think that a sort of shoe is meant, wom by rustics, and which Umbricius than intelided to wear, as becpming an inhabitant of the country, and intending never more to wear town shoes, in other words never to see Rome again.

]68 NOTES.

SATIRE IV.

JuvenaI, in this Satire, indulges his honest indignation against CrispiUus and his employer Domitian.

After describing some of the enormous crimes of Crispinus, the poet makes a sudden transition to his extravagance and gluttony, and. thereby takes occasion to dellCribe a ridiculous consultation, held by Domitian over a turbot, which was too large to be contained in any dish, that could be found. After a long deliberation among the senators, it was proposed, that the fish should be cut in pleces and thus cooked; but at last the opinion ~f the senator Montanus prevailed, that it should be dressed whole, and that a dish, large enough to contain it, should be made expressly for the purpose of receiving it.

The council is then dismissed, and the Satire concludes with a most severe censure on the Emperor's cruelty and i.qjustice towards some oCthe best and most worthy of the Romans.

I. nlrum CHap.nus: Crispinus has been mentioned before in Sat. 1,27.

2. Ad parte.: a metaphor, taken from the players, who, when they had finished the scene, they were to act, retired, but were called again to resume their parts, until the piece was finished.

s. JEger: c enervated;' infirm both in mind and body. 4. Quid rifert: i. e. what signifies how rich he is, since no bad

man can be happy ?-Jumentafaffgat: in riding through his magnificent porticos. It was a part of the Roman IImJl'Y to build vast porticos in their gardens, under which they rode in wet or hot weather.

5. Quanta: .• umbrd: it was alBo a great 11mJl'Y' to be carried in sedans through shady groves, in sultry weathei.

6. J'tIgera .•. lllde,: houses and land near the ancient forum, which was near the centre of the city, were the most valuable.

7. CtJtT1Sptor: c a corrupter of female virtue.' 8. lnce.tUB: c profane.'-V'Ut4ta •.• ,acerdOl: Vestal virgins had

fillets bound round their heads made of ribands or the like. The Vestal virgins made a vow of perpetual chastity_; if any bro~e this vow, by a law ofNuma Pompilius, their founder, they were burled Iillve.

10. AUer: any other than Crispinus would have 1Ieen punished by Domitian, whom the poet ironically calls jude:c morum.

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SATIRE IV. 169

12. Tino Seio: these were fictitious personages, whose names were inserted in all law-processes.

13. Quid ... est: i. e. what signifies the satirizing the crimes of such ,;;., a fellow? what he is is so much worse than what he does, that one is

at a loss how to treat him. 14. Mullum: probably the fish called red mullet or barbel.-Sez

mill~bu8: sc. nummorwn; 6000 sestertii, (about $214). 15 . .1Equantem ... libris: i. e. weighing six pounds,-it cost him

a sestertium, a pound. Three pounds was about the usual weight of this fish, and it was

rarely found larger. 16. Ut perhtbent: as the flatterers of Crispinus give out; they pro

bably represented the fish to be twiee as large as it really was, as some exeuse for his extravagance.

18. Pnecipuam ... ceram .. • abswlit : 'he had become the principal heir.'-It was customary for wills to consist of two parts: the first named the primi lImr,des, chief heirs, and was therefore called ura p"mcipua, because the tablets, on which they wrote, being of wood, were covered with wax: the second named the secundi haJredes,lesser heirs, and was called cera secunda.- Others thillk, that cera means the seal.

19. Ratio ulterior: 'further reason,' to excuse his extrava"o-ance. 20. Latis 8peculari~: 'with large windows.'-The speculdris lao

pis was a stone, clear like glass, cut into small thin panes, and in old times used for glass. The largest panes were of course the most cost· ly;-.dntro : 'litter-or sedan.'

22 • .Ilpieiua :; a noted glutton in the time of Nero.-Even Apicius, the poet intimates, was a frugal man in comparison with this gorman. dizer.-Hoc ... papgro: i. e. you who were formerly brought from Egypt to Rome, Ii vile slave, and then clad in papgrus; this was a kind of flag, growing on the banks of the river Nile, of which .ropes, mats, and mean clothing were made.-Or more probably his clothes were tied on him with cords made of this weed.

24. Squama: this . means the scales of fish, but put here, by SynechdOche, for the fi$h itself.

25. Proflincia • • • "endit -: i. e. the price ·otthis fish would purchase an estate in some of the provinces; but in Apulia quite an extensive one.

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170 NOTES.

28. IruluperatiJrem: by EpenthlriB for imperatorem; if CrispiDus paid so -much for what formed but a maaU part of a pri"ate meal for himself, what must the emperor's expense be to satisfy his gluttony 1-Quum ••• Bil-aroll: quum Crispinus purpureus Bcurra magni Pala#,

jam princepB equitum; qui .olebat, 4"c. rmtdrit tot lIeBtertia, eziguam partem et mmptam de margine modictB CtBntB.

32. Munic¥pes ••• riluros: Bil-ari were fish DC small value DC the .ame country with Crispinus; i. e. from Egypt.-Paced merade: thiB shows the wretchedness and poverty of Crispinus at his outset in life, denoting, that he not only got his living by crying fis}:t abp.ut the' streets but that these fish were not his own,_ and that he sold them for the owners, who agreed to pay him certain wages Cor his pains.

33. OaUiiJpe: the mother oC Orpheus, and chief oC the nine mUBell, .aid to be the inventress of he1'C?ic verse.

To heighten the ridicule, Juvenal preCaces his <DllJ'J'ative with a bur· lesque invocation of Calliope, and then of the restoC the muses.

36. Quumjqm: this line may be thus scanned, Quiim jim I Btm'anl-I miim liice-I raret I Fliiviiis I iirb6m. 8emianimum contracted by SynEresis into Bem'animum.-FlaoiUB ultfmus: the first emperor oC the FIavian family was Vespasian; the laat Domitian.

37. Oal"o .•• NeriJni : ' bald Nero,' i. e. Domitian; this emperor was bald, at which he was so displeased, that he would not suffer baldness to be mentioned in his presence: he was called Nero, as all the bad e~perors were, from ,his cruelty. .

38 . .me.dit: sc. rete, 'was caught.'-.8dri4c:i .... Ancon: the turbot was taken in the Adriatic gulf, near the city of Ancon which was built by the Syracusans, who were ~riginally Doriaos (hence the city is call· ed Dorica); at \his place was a temple sacred to Venus.

40. Dlis: sc. piBcibus. 41. GlacieB .Mtzoftc~: .Mtzotis was a large lake, which was froun

in winter, but discharged itself in summer into the E~ ,ea (Ponti) by the Cimmerian Bosphiirus.

The fish, which lay here in a torpid state under the ice, grew ex· tremely fat and bulky • . 45. Pontif'£ci mmmo: Domitian, whose title. as emperor, was p()fI. t¥fe~ 81IfIlmUl or madmw, 'ellieC pontift:' Some think the poet alludes

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SA'rIltE IV. 171

to the gluttony oC pontitrs in general, whlch was so great as to be proverbial.-Proponlre : 'to offer for sale.'

47. Alga! inquisitarcs: 'searchers of sea·weed i' implying thereby, that their accusations were founded upon the most tlivial causes.

60. Otllsiiris: 'of tbe emperor.' 52. Palfurio . . . Armilla to : both of these w';re men of consular

dignity; lawyers, spies, inforruers, and also favorites of Domitian. 64. Res jisci est: 'is the property of the emperor.' 55. He pereat: lest it should be taken from him by infonneni; or

• lest he perish/ as having kept the emperor's property. 66. Sperantlbus: ' dreading.' 67. Pra!dam . . . servabat: 'and kept the turbot fresh.' 68. Hic: the fisherman. 59. Utque lacus sublrant: 'and when they (tbe fishermen and

the informers) had reached the Alban lakes.' -Others construe it in this way, utque :Albani lacus suberant, i. e. prope erant.-Alba, fifteen miles from Rome, was bailt by Ascanius, between the Albani lacus and the co lies Alb ani. tt was levelled with the ground by Tullus HosliJius,

. for a breach of promise. The temples alone were spared. • 60. Ignem . . • Trojanum: the vestal fire, brought by lEneas from

Troy into Italy.- Vestam ... miniirem: the temple of Vesta, at Alba, was small, in comparison with the one built at Rome by Numa. At Alba, Domitian instituted a college of priests, of whom he was P01Itife:r lummus.

62. Ce88it: sc. turba,. 'when the crowd made way for him.' 64. Picens: 'tbe Picenian fisher.' 68. Ipse taP; f!oluit: i. e. the very fish itself was ambitious to be

caught for the entertainment of your Majesty.-Quid apertius: 'what fiattery more palpable than this? '-Et .. . ·cristaJ: ' and yet his pride was gratified.'-A metaphor from co'cks, who set up their combs, when pleased.

71. Sed . .. mensilra: the poet now pursues his narative i-this turbot was so large; that a dish could not be found to contain it.-Delrat In this line is contracted by Synreresis into Dt'rat.

72. QUos • .. amicit-itll: we have here a striking representation of a tyrant, who, conscious of being hated by all, hates them; and- they, knowing his capricioqs cruelty, never approach him, without horror and

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172 NOTES.

dread, lest they should say or do something, however UIldesigDedly, whieh may eost them their lives.

74. Libttmo: 'a Liburnian slave.' who diseharged the offiee of a eryer.

75. Rapid. . . Urbi,' abolla here signifies 'a senator's robe.' 76. Pegasus: an eminent lawyer who had been appointed prefeet of

the eity of Rome: he is here ealled IlillIcw, bailiff of the eity, sigoiiYing that the ehief magistrate of Rome, in eonsequence of the tyranny of Domitian, had now no more' power or dignity, than the'paltry officer of a country village.

77. OptlmUl ... jUltitid: i. e. P«:gasus was a very excene~t magistrate, yet sueh wa~ the arbitrary power of Domitian, that he dared not act according to the dictates oC his heart.

79. 1nermij'Ustitia: justice is said to be unarmed, when judges and, high officers act contrary to conscience.

80. Venit ••• Benectw,' 'the ol!! facetious Crispus comes too.' 86. Oum quo ••• amIci: it was not_ safe 10r Domitian's friends to

converse with him, even on the m49t trivial subjects, such as the state or the weather &c. if they did not agree in sentiment with him.

92. His armis: i. e. prudence and caution. 93 • .IlciliUl ..• cum juvlne: AciliUl GlabrW, a senator of singular

prudence and fidelity; his son Domiti'UII came with him to this council ; but both of them were shortly after charged with designs against the emperor, and were condemned to d~ath •. The father's'sentence was, ehanged to banishment, that he might be the more tortured by the re- ' membrance of his son's death. The son, to save his life, affected madness and fought naked with lions in the Alban theatre: the tyrant was not to be deceived, but put him to death.

97. Malim. ',' gigantis: i. e: since noble birth is dangerous, I had . rather claim no higher kindred than my parent earth, and though not in size, yet, as til origin, be a brother of the earth-born giants, than be descended from a noble race.

101. Quis ••• tuum: there are none, in these days, who would be simple enough to admire the device of Brutus; (he pretended idiocy to save his life, during the reign of Tarquin the Proud,) for it would not succeed with Domitian.

102. Barbato: alluding to the simplicity of ancient times, when Rome was governed by kings, who, as well as their people, wore their

SATIn IV. 173

beards: for shaving and cutting die beard were Dot in fashion, till later times.

106. Baftram .mbents eifUBtItI: the patAu Nero, who wrote a satire against Qlllntiiinus, in which he censures him severely for the very

'- abominatiODs, of which he himselfwas guilty. 107. MatutiftO: which he 1I88d early in the morniDg,-or, as others

interpret it, eastern. 108. RedOlent . . . funera: the custom of anointing dead bodies with

aromatic,pjntments was derived by the Romans from the East. .. 109. Pompei!": a vile informer, noted for his clandestine accusa-tions. ' - 110. Et ~ .. PusC'Us: Oome""'. F'usC'UB was sent by Domitian as general against the Dacians, by whom he and his army we~ destroyed.

111. Marmorea , . • 11illti: in ir!)ny, alluding to his being sent to ~ke the coJllmand, without having any other ideas of war, than he had acquired amid the sloth and luxury of his sumptuous villa.,

'1l2:Morti/lro ••. CatuUus: Catu.l1UB Me88alinm ,was raised to , the highest rank, from being a beggsr, at the foot of the Aricine hill, on -the Appian way. He i~ called deadly,.as causing the death of numbers, by secret accusations. '

113. Nunquam-viatll: according to Pliny, Catullus was blind. US. Aponte: from the bridge bn 'the App~ way, where mendi

cants stood. 116 • .8.riel"oB ••• Mles: i. e. the carriages, which passed from or to

Aricia, a to,wi! on the Appian way, about ten -miles from Rome: this way,was much frequented by carriages, and was therefore a good stand for beggars.

117. Devutll • .. rAedqJ,' Aricia was built on a hill, from which earriages descended On their way to Rome. -

118. Nemo ••• beUua ~ Done were louder in their praises of the prodigious turbot, than Catullus; though he CQuld not see it, but' turned the 'wrong way from it. "

120. OiliciB: sQme famous gladiator from CiIicia, a favorite of Domitian.

121. Pegma: from "",UI'I, to fasten; a wooden machine, so constructed, as to raise iUde, in'scenieal representations, to a' great height; lloy. were placed upon it, and Qn a ~dden carried up to the to1' of ihe

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174 NOTES.

theatre.-Velari4: sail clothea, extended over the tops of theatres as a defence against the weather.

122. lEBtro: a3tnu literally signi1i~s a gad-fly, but here, by Metonymy, , divine fury.'

126 . .I1mrilgm : a king of Britain, and an inveterate enemy to the Romans, in the time of Domitian.-Peregrlna elt: 'foreign,' thereby denoting some foreign cQnquest.

127. Sude. : the sharp fins, like spears. 129. Quidnam '.' • cense, : tbese are the words of Domitian, asking

the senators' opinion.-Concidltur : 'must it be cut? ' 131. Que .••• Ot"btm: 'large enough to enclose the h U@ie circum

ference of the fish within its thin rim,' which he humorously calls a waU.-The thinner earthen-ware was turned the more valuable it was.

132. Debltu~ -:< . P~theu8: some potter, a .leilfi,d and really workman, like PrOmetheus,~bould be employed. See Class. Dict.

133. Rotam: 'the pott~s wheel.'-Sed • . . seqlwntur: a sharP sarcasm against the tyraBt, and at the same time rendering the speaker equally ridiculous. ' .

136. Ll¢uriam • •• lJetlrem: • the luxury of furmer emperors: 137 .. .I1liamque fomem: 'another appetite,' ex:cited by certain proy..:

ocations, after a drunken debauch. 138. u,us :. ' experience.'· 139. Oirctis: Cercti was a town in Campania, at the foot of mount

Circello, on the sea co.ast. . 140. Lucrlnum all ,/lZUm 1 the Lucriae rocks were in the bay of

Lucrinum,in. Campania.-Rutuplno • •.• fundo: • produced in theRutupian bottom;' i. e. drudged for in thl' sea at Rutiipm.

146. Cllttis •. • Sygambri.: the Oatti were a people of Germany ; the Sygambri, inhabitants of' Guelderland: both these .people were formidable enemies of the Romans.

102. Oerdonlbus: cerdilneB means all kinds of low mechanics,-tbe plebeians : it is opposed to Lamitimm in the last line.

Domitian was safe, till be commenced his cruelties against the plebeians; then a conspiracy was formed against him by several persons of mean bit-th, who put him to death in the forty-filth year of his age. _ 16S. Lamidrum: by this word we are to understand nobk. in gelUl~ ral.-The Lamian family was Olle of the lDost noble ill ROlDe.

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I I

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SATIRE V. 1'75

From the conclusion oC this Satire, it Is ~vident, that it 1911 written ofter the death oC Domitian.

SATIRE V. '

Unde~ the pretence of dissuading the parasite Trebius from frequentIng the tables oC P1e great, Juvenal gives a spirited and minute accOUDt of the mortifications to which the poor were subjected by the rich, at those ente~ents, to which it was thought necessary sometime. to

. inVite them. . 2 • .Illitf14 ••• quadr6:' c at another's expense.'-Quadro literally

signifies a square tf'emher. . S. Samaentw . '.' GalbiJ: 8amaentw was a Roman lmigh~ who, by

hie Battery and buffoonery, insinuated himself int9 the favour of Augustus Cmsar, and often came to his table; where. he bore all manner oC in-

o I1I1ts.-Galbtl was a person of similar character in the time oC Tiberlus. ~. Quamvia... testi: i. e. if you can subinit to luch indignities,

merely from your love of eating and drinking, I shall, consider you so destitute of all principle, that I would not beli~ve you though on oath.

6. Ventf'e ••. .frugalim: the demands of natUre are e!l8ily supplied. 8. OreptdO: a hole or place by the highway, where' beggars sit.

TegltiB: Ceges was a coarse rug, worp by beggars. 9. Tann .•. C<efIIIl: i. e. is it worth while to suffer the sco1l8 and

affi-onts. which you undergo at a rich m~'i table? 10. nUe: at a stand for beggars. 12. Primo ••• o.fficifrrum: be assured, that an invitation to supper is

considered by the rich as a full recompense for all your past services. 17. Tertia ... leeto: i. e. to tin up a place at the table, which would

otherwise be vacant. ; , In the Roman dining room. was a table in the shape of a half moon,

against the rOlDld part whereof three couches were placed, every one containing three persons, each of whom had a pillow (culelta) to lean upon.

18. Una simm: the words. of the rich man, giving the invitation in a familiar way.

19. 7hbim: the name.of the parasite. with whom Juv8nal ill COIl

yersing.

76

22. ~<';i~"''''bu8 d~d<';<';~.~ ~o early, it is whs:<';~i3s the light is from the stars or from the first breliking of the mom.-Se •.• circumagunt: 'roll slowly round.'

24. . .• PiiSS: wine, w :id: is 80 that it H:st fit t:: soak wo::f: order prepare receiiiw<,; me dye not goo:, enough to scour the grease out of new shorn wool.

25. Corybanta: the Corybantes were priests of Cybele, who dane-::d about wild and f::::::tic m:rm::cr~

The was so :rud ha<,; an "pOD the: p:::::ts, whee drank it, as to make them frantic, and tum them into priests of Cybele, whose gestures they imitated. :

27. R::i:c:si ';ed': ct:si::ed wi:i: Mood OT combaf~d~ 29. Si~~:frrZlnd: Yfirgrmtum wm 6ty of Sp:£i i ~ famous earth~

en ware. 80. Ipse: your host, the patron hilDBelf.-.Dit/'Usum: the wine that

iCas pou"'r] filled {ium the va't into i~ask.-i~:fFd£i:;;to ••

i:nnBUle sHcienW",fS: when wore hair. 33 • .B.llJo.ni8 • • • montlbus: the .B.lban hills bore a very pleasant

grape. The ornno .B.lbino from the same place is still in great repute. 34. Cujl£~:7 ., tutiii / :l:e caski been 7n the such a

if:ngth or that had consf:H7tid a mOiildi:i~ess, wTi::~i over-spread the outside, as to conceal every mark anTi character, wh:ZCh had been impressed upon them.

36. 7'hri7:z£l£ Heltndii": ThraSi:f£ fniS son in law to Helvidius; both them and 0hp:i:if:rS ofNf:7:z~ 38. He£ih£,um Cru~S£if:S; drinking Si::P", mad:: iA~ j:Hge pieei;s iii amber.

-IntIlquo.les ••• phiitZas: the beryl, a precious stone, was inlaid in drinking cups: here called intequales: from the inequality or roughness

the ou:w£uTi surface: 07:z£££g to th" pmtuberan££i the piesi" d beryl , with whid£££as inkh,,~

89. Virro: the name of the master of the least. 41. Ungues ••• a.c1ltos: 'your sharp nails,' lest you should make

of th07:z pick 0:££ precioi£ £tiiCS. hS. Nm££ din-o • . di"Uis: 'ji:oct now £~££nsures sanity

and folly of the nobles, who took the gems out Qf their rings, to ornament their drinking cups.

h4. Vap%£fx:£jronle of thx: iis£x:d.'

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SATIRE V. 171

46. J1Ivlfti8 prtBliltua Iarbm: &neall, whom Dido preferred IS a suitor to larbas, king ot Gllltuli~.

46. 7b ••. quatuor: the cobler of Benetlmlum, by name Vatinius, was remarkable for having a large nose, as well as for being a drunkard. Henee those glass cups, which had four handles or spouts, which re_ble 80 many nOBeS, were called cal'lce, Vatinidni.

48. Quass41um: so cracked, as to be hardly fit for use.-Rupto .•. tritro: it was the custom at Rome to change away broken glass for brimstone matches. •

_ 60. Decocta: f boiled water;' it was an invention of Nero to have JV&ter boiled, imd' then set in a glass vessel to cool, in heaps of snow and- ice, which had been keptfm: use in summer, in plaees, eimilar to our ice-houses.

1S2 • .lIliam • •• aquam: while the master ot the house is drinking iced water, you are obliged to pUlMJp with common water. .

63. GrBMlw : Gretulla was ~ country of. .Africa, where the inhabi~ls we~ blacks.

56. Flos.IIsitB: an Asiatic bey, beautifol, IJId bloc)lDing as a :ftot,D~. who had been purchased at an e~ormou8 price,:walts upon the maater of the feast.

59. GrBtfJlum Gailgmldem: the poet alludes to the beautiful cupbearer of JUpiter, and gives his name to the G:.etulian negro foot-boy.

61. Puer: i. e. the Asiatic boy. 63 .. CalMtB ': •• miniBter: 'to serv.e you with hot or cold water;'

both these· the Romans, especially in winter time, had at their feasts, that the guests might be servecj. with that which they miglltprefer:

68. V"t:1Ifractum: -' broken into pieces with the utmost difficulty.'Sollda .. . faf'f,nm: i. e. grown into hard, solid lumps, by being so old and stale, and now be-come mouldy. .

69. QutB ••• agltent: 'which may looSeD a jaw-tooth.' '71. De:r:tram cohiblre: from the fine and Dice bread, prepared for

the patron himself: '73. PoflJ!re: for deponlre j c to lay it down.' '74. V'18 ••• colorem: the words of the butler. '76. Scilfcet . •• nimbo ~ the supposed words of Trebi~, vexed at

finding himself so ill repaid {or his services and attentions. '7'7. Mcmtem aaller8um: the Esquiline hill had a very steep ascent.

It must be supposed to have laill'ln the paruite's ~y to his patron"

NOTES.

hoUle, and by its ateepIies. to have been a hindrance to his speed.Gelldlu •.• E,quilitu: its hefght made it very cold and bleak at the top, especially in bad weather.

S2. AspariJgia: this word in the plural may here denote the young shoots of various herbs with which perhaps it was usual to garnish the disbes.-Qu4 ••. miniam: i. e. what a noble tail he displays; with what contempt does he seem to look down upon the rest of the banquet. when, lifted on high. by a tall alave, to be placed on the table.

84. Constrict",: • shrunk.'-Many render it in the sense ofpardttu. eoctuB, or the like, • dressed,-Ha80ned,' (dimidw'otlo) 'with haIf an egg.'

- \

86. EziguiI. ••• patelld: the Romans used to place on the sepul- ' cmes of the dead, to appease the shades, a small dish, containing milk, honey; water, wine, dowers, a very little of each: the smallness of the dish and of the quantity seems to be 4!he reason of the allusion.

86. Ip,e: the master of the Iwuse.- V< nofriino: sc. oleo; the oil, made at Ven4frum, a city of Campania, was the poorest in Italy. '

67. Pallfdus: sickly looking, as if it was halj'toiJhered. 89. Mlcip,iimm: Mu:ip8tll is a general name given to all the.M£.

mitlians, from -¥icipsa, one of their kiDgs.They were a barbaroUB people, on the shore of Africa, near Algiers, from whence the oil came. which the Romans used in their lamps.

90. Bocchdre: Boeehar is the name of one of the Mauritanian kings ; used here, probably, for anyone of that nation.

The mewing is this,-the Numidians and Moors, by anointing themselves with this oil, became so disgusting, thllt no Roman would go . to the same 'bllth with thein. .

93. Tauromenitl1.7Idl rope,: on the sea-c08st, nellr Tauromenium; in Italy.

95. MaceUo: • the market people,' who deal in fish. 16. Prodma: • the neighbouring Eeas.'-Nee ••• piBeem: the Ro

man n(lbles were so greedy afterdelicste fisli, and stich numbers were eaupt, dlat they were not suffered to grow to their proper size.

97. nUne: i. e. from the coasts of a foreign province. 98. Lenas: some famous legacy hunter, who, like the rest of hia

tribe, was in the habit or' purchasing whalever was rare an-i curious, to present it to some rich and childle88 person, whose heir he was desiroUB of becoming.-:Aurelia: probably this Is the name of some rich and child-

SATIRE V. 179

less widow, who perhaps, being very avaricious, was in the habit of selling the fine fish, which was presented to her.

102. hina: literally, nets; but here, by Metonymy, ( fishermen.' 104. TibertnWl: sc. p is cis ,. 'a pike; ' some common and coarse

fish , out of the river Tiber, is here meant, which in the winter-time, when the Tiber was fl'Ozen , contracted spots, perhaps from some disorQer, to which it might be liable .

106. Sol'£tus .: . . Subilrre : the fish is supposed to enter the mouth of the drain, that it might meet the filth in its way and feed upon it.

107. Ipsi pauca velim : 'I would say a few words to the master of the feast himself.'

109. Senlca: L . .Ilnnreus Senlca, the tutor of Nero, was very rich and munificent towards his poor cJients.-Puo: 'L. C'alphumim Pwo was famous for his liberality.-C'otta : .Ilurblim Cotta was distinguished for his munificence.

111. Solum posclmu8: 'all we ask.' ,'. 113. Dives . .. amtcis : i. e. when you BUP alone, fare as expensive

ly and as sumptuously as you please (dive. tvn); but when yOU invite your friends and dependants, fare as they do; if you treat them as poor and mean, thus treat yourself (pauper amt~).

114 . .Ilns.ris ... jewr: this was looked upon as a great dainty by the ancient epicures; and they therefore took extraordinary pains to in. crease its size, by subjecting the animal to a particular kind of regimen.

115 . .Illmis: from alo,. 'fatted,- crammed;' probably 'a capon' is here meant. "

116. Post hunt: the next dish after the boar.-Tublra: (mush. rooms.'

118. Majores : by a plentiful addition of mushrooms.-.Ililedim: some famous epicure.

119. Disjunge hoves: 'unyoke your oxen;' i. e. plough and sow no • Diore;"that there ~ay be more land for the production of mushrooms or

. truffles. Africa was one Of the principal granaries of ~ome. . 120. St,.udorem: 'carver,' who is supposed to be performiJlg his

duties, with ,some antic gestures. 123. Nee ..• refert: 'Iltlr is reckoned a matter of smaIl concern.' 126. Quid ••• hisclre: 'to mutter,'-' to make' the least complaint.' 127. 7bnquam •.• nomIna: i. e. as iCyou,were a man of quality.

180 NOTTS.

Thz+ great YlYf;n al Tome If;f;re dlYlinguilTYlyd by lYe prllfYOmen, '!Omen, and cognomen.

132, Q;uad'ingent", BC. le"tertia, equivalent to a knigzht's estate. 13Z:Y, Meliy,,, YiJtis hette, y",d kinder the fltes ',Y'lVe b ,Y,ll, in

making you so poor.-Homuncio: this means' a poor sorry fellow; , sueh 'Xl'S Trf;hius in pre,e"t condition.

136. IUbu8: 'dainties;' iluz literally signifies entrails or bowels, of 'Y"lhlch llome o,ry chui,,'c and dainty dishes were prepared.

HYYUYould, 'the Piudest mannell, if you lr",uJd any puud Juy,f be-come rich, call you brother, and invite you to taste of all the delicaces "n the lyyble.

137. Dom¥nm •.• ,iJlo: i. e. if you are desirous of domineering not, ,"oly dY'XYll,lydani" but en'm thd, masters, you must be childless. with"", son 71augld,"," to inherit eSYY'lLlY. ..En, 3271, d29.

141. Mycale,o the wife of Trebius. 14r" }pse Virro y,',Y,self. 144 . .JV"uces: literally nuts; but here probably it denotes little itlory

balls or round lyebbles, which were the usual play-things of children. 14}, "lnciT'z,s . . ,J,mgt YherellllY seV"ll,l speY'il::Yof mus}m"m,

kind, some of which are poi»ODous, and it is sometimes difficult to dis}ngu1'" the,,' the f;"nno' ce,""Y, th,Yt he is llle •.

The poet, after his digression, on the mean venality <If such men as Virro, (whQ would Ia} the utmost attention to those ~en, whom they "~OW Wi'l' the :',,'atcst ,untem::', if 'Any :"lliden', n,,,,,] ,h"uld become rich,) now returns to his main subject, the ill treatment, which the P:l£H' reed,,: at till' tabl", nf th,' ,£,:h.

147. Boletus: a mushroom of the wholesome and best' sort. 148, .I1nteillum 'UXoris: Agripp;na, the mother of Nero, and sis-

,,:r'to Cllligiill, the of CIlUdiu" :lestroy,::l he, hnsbanli, by £Hilling poison in a mushroom, which she gave him to eat.

14'7, Vi1T:mIbus.. e. rkh 'nen himl,'lf. 151. Phtedcum: the Pht:eacians were a people of the island Corfu, or

Corcy":, in thl: lonile" lea, wh"re there was feigned to be a perpetual "utU"""l, abo,m:Iing llilh th" f;hoic""fi'uiti,

152. SorOl'lbtls .I1fris: i. e. the Hesperldes. See Class. Dict. 153, Tu. Ilale') i. e, h'YU a,e nbligd to CmY'ent ym:rself llIth

such vile fruit, as a poor half starved soldier, in a fortress, who is glad ge' :,,'y thiefs whitlller, is forced to put up with,

,r::, 01"

SATIRE V. 181

154. MetmnsquejlageUi: being under severe descipline. 155. KWlluto • .• Oapelld: this reading is better than the one adopt

ed in the text.-Oapella, according to this, seems to be the name of Bome rough centurion, who taught the young recruits.

156. Fors¥tan ..• doleas: i. e. you may perhaps think that Virro treats you in this poor manner, to save expense; but you are mistaken, he does it, to vex you, and then to laugh at you.

157. Ham . .• motari: i. e. there can be no comedy more pleasing, no buffoon more laughable, than a disappointed glutton, bemoaning himself with tear80C anger and resentment at such wretched Care, and gnashing and~~ng.,Jlis ~i4. together, having nothing to put be,tween them, to keep thell\.~der.~ r "'~

158. Ergo: this line is thus ~vided, .... Quis meli~liir plii-lmntil gil-Il'ergo I amnil I fiunt.' The 0 ill; ergo is pr~rved from eli,ion. e(,~ ',: , ' '; .

.J64. EtTUscum • ~~. ~~: the j(,Wim boss or bulla was adopted lifthe Romans from the Etrurians, and at first was wom only' by the children of the nobility; afterwards, by all free-bom: it was in the shape of a heart, and wom before the breast, to prompt them to the study of wisdom.

165. Vel nodus • .• loro: a bulla or bos8 of leather, a sign or note of freemen, wom by the poorer sort of children, and suspended at the breast by a leatherncthong.

The meaning is, that no one would bear such Insulting treatment, one would think, a second time, whatever his situation in life might be, whether ofa noble or oCa freedman's family.

166. Spes • .. dedpit: i. e. your gluttony gets the better of your reflection, and lIeceives you into a notiOn, that you will be better treated another time.-Ecce ... apri: this is the supposed reasoning of Trebius on the subject. -

171. Pul8andum • " amJco: i. e. you will soon be more abject still; like slaves whose heads are shaven, in token of their servile condition, you will submit to a broken head; you will not mind a sound flogging; and you will prove yourself worthy of the poor fare, with which you have been insulted and deserving no better friend, than Virro who has derided you.

16

182 NOTES.

SATIRE VI.

This is not only the longest, but the most complete of our author"" works. With respect to his other Satires, some of them are distinguished by one excellence, and some by another; but in this he has combined them all. Forcible in argument, flowing in diction, bold, impassioned, and sublime; it seems as if the poet had risen with his theme, and, conscious of its extent, taxed all his powers to do it justice.

The whole of this Satire is a bitter invective against the female ser~ and the poet endeavours to dissuade his friend Ursidius Postumus from marriage, at the expense of the whole sex.

It would seem, from internal evidence, that this Satire was written under Domitian. It has few political allusions; and might not, from its subject, perhaps, have been displeasing to that ferocious hypocrite, who aft'ected, at various times, a wonderful anxiety to restrain the licentiousness of the age.

1. Satumo: the son of CtZlum and Terra; under his reign in Italy the poets. place the golden age.

3. Larem: Lar signifies a god, whose image was kept within the house and set in the chimney or on the hearth, and was supposed to preside over and protect the house and land.

5. Montana . •. _or: 'the mountain wife ;' i. e. living in dens and caves of the mountains.

'7. Oynthia: mistress to the poet Propertius.-Nec tibi ••• oceUo. : .Lesbia, mistress to Catullus, who wrote an elegy on the death of a sparrow. .

9. Potanda ... magnis: according to Hesiod, in the Golden age. men were accounted infants, and under the care of their mother, till near a hundred years old. Potanda well suits this idea, for men might rather be said to drink, than to suck.

10. Glandem ruetante: the first race of men were supposed to have fed on acorns.

11. CUJlo: 'the air.' 12. Qui •.. nati: in ancient times men were supposed to be born

of trees. The notion came from their inhabiting the trunks of large trees.

13. Comporitlfle luto: by Prometheus. See Class. Diet.

SATIRE VI. 183

Iii. Bub JOfJe: when Jupiter had driven hIa father Saturn into banUhment, the Silver age commenced.

16. Gra:cU ••• alteriUl: i. e. in those days of innocence, men had not the trick, afterward so common, of binding themselves by the most solemn asseverations to an untruth.

It is well known, that the Greeks were as much talked of for their bad faith, as the Carthaginians, and that they were in the habit of swearing not only by Jupiter, but by the other gods, and by men, by themselves, their own heads, &c.

19 • .I1stra:a: the goddess ~C Justice. 20. Bite: Chastity.-.DuaI •.. lorlJre.: Justice and Chastity. 22. Concutlre: 'to violate.' 25. Conllentum: Juvenal begins here to expostulate with his friend

Ursidius, on his intention to marry. 27. Pignw: i. e. the wedding ring. 28. Sanus eras: 'you were once in your senses,' before the inten

tion of marrying entered your head. 30. Domina",: a wife to tyrannize over you. 32: JEmilim p0ft8: 'the lEmilian bridge,' built over the Tiber by

lEmillus Scaurus, abont a mile Crom Rome. The poet intimates, that death in any shape is preferable to a tyranni

cal wife. 88. Lu Julia: against adultery. f 34. Caritfirm ... magno: persons, that were rich, without cIftld

ren, were courted with valuable presents by fawniUi sycophants, in hopes of becoming their heirs. .

89. Quem .•. LatIni: the comedian LatinUl played upon the stage the gallant to an adulteress, wllo, upon the unexpected return of her husband, locked him up in a chest; a part, it seems, that had oCten been realized by Ursidius in his yonnger days.'

40. Quid: 'whAt shall we say more? '-QOOd .•. qUtllrltur: i. e. that he is mad enough to expect a chaste wife?

41. Mediam ... Ilenam: it was usual to bleed mad people in the middle vein of the arm.

42. 7brpeium limen: the Capitoline hill, where there was a temple of Jupiter, was also called the Taryeian bill, on account of Tarpeia, a vestal virgin, who was there killed and buried by the Sabines.

184 NOTES.

48 • .I1urdtam . • . JunlJni •.. .;u"emam: Juno was esteemed the patroness of marriage and the avenger of adultery. To her was sacrificed a heifer with gilded horns.

45. Oer.ris ••• digntB: the priestesses of Ceres were to be chaste matrons alone; their beads were bound with fillets, and none but chaste women were to assist at her feasts.

46. Quat'Um ••• oscflla: i. e. the Roman women were so lewd and debauched, that it was hardly safe for their own fathers t~ kiss them.Necte ... corymbo,: upon wedding days, the common people crowned their doors and door-posts with ivy boughs; but persons of fortune made use of laurel, and built scaffolds in the streets for people to see the nuptial ceremony.

48. lberl1lt1l: tbe lady to whom Ursidius was about to be married. 51. Gabiis: Gabii was a town of the Volsci, about ten miles from

Rome. 52. .Fi.tUnis: Ji'idt1lt1l was a city of ltaly.-.I1geUo eedo paterno: 'I

yield the father's country seat: '-I grant what you say about her virtue, while at her father's house, in the country.

54 • .Ildeo 8ffluerunt: 'grown so old.' 55. Portidbus: 'in the porticos;' these were _ sort oC piazza, cov

ered over to defend people from the weather, in some of which the Roman ladies used to meet for walking.

56. Speetac1£la: the theatres and otber public places for shows and games.

60. Longa. ~. lauro: see note to line 46, Neete. 62. Testudineo ... eonopto: 'in a sumptuous bed.'-Lenti1le: in

the name which Juvenal here gives his friend Poatflmw, he had in view a curious anecdote which is handed down to us by Valerius Maximus. Lentfllu8 and Metellus, the consuls, were observed, by all the spectators at a play, to be extremely like a second and third rate actor, tben on the stage.

63. E:qw¥mat: 'resemble.' 64. Ludium: this line is tbus divided, Niiptii se-I nato'l rI comi-I tat'ost I Hippiii l'iklillm. Ludium contracted by Synlllresis into ludyum.-Hippia: sbe was

the wife oC Fa,,"riciull Veiento, a man of senatorial dignity, in the time oC Domitian.

SATIRE VI. 185

65. FamilIa: infamous for all manner oC luxury and debauchery..Mt.mia Lagi: Alexandria.

66. Prodigia ••• Oan6po,' i. e. even OaflOpUB. a town of Egypt, noted for the dissoluteness of manners, condemned, and was disgusted with the profligacy of the Roman ladies.

69. Parldem,' Pa.ri8 was a handsome young actor, the favorite of Domitian.

70. Plumd: pluma signifies a small or soft Ceather,-' down.' The poet is here describing the tender, as well as costly manner, in which Hippia had been brought up from a child; and, among other particulano, he alludes to the soft and downy bed, on which she used to lie at her father's bouse. Notwithstanding which, when the gratification of her lulit was in question, she not only could forget all this, but bid defiance to the boisterous sea, and contemn all its dangers and inconveniences.

13. MoUeIl •.. catMdrlJll " literally soft or easy chair" in which ladies were carried,-a sort of covered sedan,' or, by eatMdrlJll, may be meant the ,trake cothedrtll, soft chairs or comhel, on which the ladies reposed themselves. But here, by Metonymy, it is put for' the ladies' themselves.

76. Mutondum ••• mare: so many different seas were to be passed over, in going from Rome to Egypt.-JuBto ... oudent: the poet represents women as bold and daring in the pursuit of their vices, timorous and fearful of every thing, where duty calls them.

81. Sentlna: the hold or part of the ship, where the pump is fixed and the bilge-water collects and putrifies.-Summu •••. otr: 'the sky over her head tUrils round,' and makes her giddy.

86. Ludia: 'a stage-player's wife,' which Hippia, by going of with Sergius, the gladiator, might properly be called.

87. SergiOl'U,: the dimin. of Sergim, used here in demion, as satirizing her fondness for such a fellow.-Radlre guttur: young men began to shave at the age of twenty-one: he had already begun to .ha"e is to be understood ironically, intimating that Sergius had done this for many years, and was now an old fellow.

88. Seeto • .. lacerto: in fighting as a gladiator, he had probably been wounded in" one of his arms, which could not add much to the beauty of his figure.

90 • .8ttrltm galed; the helmet, by rubbing the skin olfhis forehead, had left a scarred and disagreeable appearanoe.

16*

186 NOTES.

91. Gibbul: 'wen.'---.8cre malum: 'a sharp rheum! 95. Rude: the nulis was a rod, given to gladiators, in token of their

release or discharge from the duties of a sword-player. If SergiUl had received his discharge and should cease to be a gla

diator, he would be as indifferent to her and as little regarded lUI her husband Jr~nto.

96. Hippomanes: 'love-potions.' 97. PrifligtlO: to put him out of the way, in order to make room for

a son of their own.-Faeitmt ••. peccant: i. e. what they do from lust is less mischievous, than what they do from anger, hatred, malice, and other evil principles, which govern their actions and may be said to rule the sex in general.

99. Optlma ... marlto: the poet now shows the power, which women get over their husbands, by bringing them large fortunes.

100. Bis • .. dedit: 'she brought him a fortune of one thousand Sestertia,' about $35700.

101. Nee • .• macer est t 'he never pined for love.' -La~: the torch of Cupid or Hymen.

102. Inde: from her large fortune. He glows with no other flame, than what is kindled by the love of

money. 103. Libertas: the privilege of doing as she pleases.-mn1UJt: make

signs to herlover. 104. Vidua: i. e. she is responsible. for her conduct to nobody but

herself. 103. Our: the poet continues to satirize the female sex. Having

5hown, that some women are married only for their fortunes, he now ~ays, that others receive attentions in consequence of their external beauty; while this lasted, they were admired and indulged in a kind of sovereignty over their husband; but when their beauty decayed, they were repudiated, turned out of doors, IlDd others taken in their stead.

112. Interea: in the days of her youth and· beauty.-Calet: she ;I;lows with the rage of dominion over her husband. -

113. CanUllnam: Canmium was a town of Apulia, on the river Aufidus; it afforded the best sheep and 'the finest wool in Italy, which nature had tinged with a cast" of red.-Ulmos ••• Falemas: vines were made to grow round elms; therefore elms here denote the flines,

SATIRE VI. 187

and so the wine itself, by Metonymy. Falemian wine was esteemed the best.

114. Ergastiila: these were places where slaves were set to work: here the word seems to denote the slaves themselves, numbers of whom (whole workhouses full) must be purchased, to gratify the lady.

116. MercatOf' ••. Jason: the. merchant, who encounters the dan. gers of the seas in all climates, for the sake of gain: alluding to Jason's dangerous enterprise after the golden tleece.

117 . .8.rmdtU: 'prepared for sea.'-Oasa candWa: i. e. the houses white with frost and snow.

118. ToUuntur:' are taken up on the credit of her husband.'-Orys. talUna: 'crystal vases.'

119. MyrrhitUJ: bowls, made of myrrh, which was supposed to give a fine tlavour to the wine.-Beronices: Beron¥ce or Beren¥ce was the daughter of Agrippa, king of Judma, whose youngest son, .I:lgrippa, was suspected of an incestuous 'commerce with her • • 121. Barbdrus: the Romans, as well as the Greeks, called all peo-

ple, but themselves, barbarians. 122. Ubi: in Judma. ~24. Greglbus: numbers of ladies. 126. Portidbus .. • diBpiJnat: distinguished families were in the

custom of placing the images of their ancestors in porticos or galleries, about their houses: the poet, therefore, means, let her be of high rank, as well as beautiful, &.c.

126. JntactiOf': 'more chaste.'-Omni ••. Sabina: alluding to the war between the Romans and Sabines, which was ended by the mediation of the Sabine females.

128. Rara ••• cycno: a proverbial eXl,ression: referring to the phrenix.

130. VenU,lnam: 'a country girl from Venusium.' 135. PtI!an: 'Apollo:' either from ... 1 .. , to strike, because he struck

and slew the serpent Python with his arrows; or from ....... , a physi. cian: Apollo was the fabled god of physic.-Dea: 'Diana,' who slew the seven daughters of Niobe, as Apollo slew the sons.

137 . .8.mphlon: the husband of Niobe. See Class. Dict. In this allusion to the story of Niobe and her children, the poet shows,

that the pride of women is such, as not only to barmss mankind, but

188 NOTES.

even to be levelled at and provoke the gods themselves, so as to brlbg down ruin on whole familiei.

188. 4Jmmque parentem: 'and Amphion himself.' 140. &rofd ••. albtl: 'than the white sow,' found by ..Eneas, near

Lavinium, wbich brought thirty pigs at a litter, and which directed him where to build the city of Alba.

141. V1.e ... imputet: i. e. that she should always be reckoning up her good qualities to you.

144. Quis .•. horiI: though he 'may praise her higbly in some res· peets, yet her ill temper and pride must excite disgust and detestatiOD, for many hours of the day.

149. De nucd GrtBcula: the custom of speakin~ the Greek language was very common at Rome, especially among the higher ranks ; and the ladies, however ignorant of their own language, were very fond of mixing Greek phrases in their conversation.

150. De Sulmonenri . •. Oecropi.: the inhabitant. of Sulmo, a town of Pelignum, spoke a barbarous Latin dialect; while the Oecropiana or people of Athens made use of the purest and most elegant Greek.

154. Legitlmis ••. tabe!lis: 'by such contracts as are required by law.'

156. Muatacea. these were cakes, made of meal, anise-seed, cummin, and other ingredients, moistened with mwtum, new wine, (whence, probably the name); they were of a carminative kind and were used at weddings.-Perdcl8: 'throwaway the expeme.'

157. Labef,te officio: this means the latter end of the feast, when the company was about retiring, their duty being almost ended; (or as we should say, the company having paid their respects;) at this period, the bride-cakes were distributed among the guests.-l.Tudis: • to guests having weak stomachs.'

159. Dadcus: a gold coin, having the image of Domitian on it, so called from his pretended conquest of the DacianB.-GermanlcU8: this was also a gold coin, bearing the image ~f Domitian.

A conaiderabJe sum of both these kinds of coin were placed in a broad dish, and presented by the husband to the bride on the wedding night. -&ripto •.• auro: i. e. ha\'ing the name, image, and title of the emperor inscribed upon them.

162. Parcat amanti: • would spare a lover;' i. e. will not take advantage of a man's affection to use him ill.

SATIRE VI. 189

163. Ardeat • •• Bpoliis: i. e. though she love to distraction, she delights in plaguing and plundering the man, who loves her.

164. /g'ttur • •• marttus: the better husband a man is, the more she will tyrannize over him; an honest man, therefore, who would make a good husband, will find, that of all men he has the least reason to marry, and that a wife will be of less use to him than to a man of a difl'erent character. .

167. Hde: this wife of yours. 168. Bee • .• aifectUII: • she will direct your affection ;'-dictste to

you in what manner you are to treat your mends; whom you are to like, whom to dislike. ..

170. Testandi ..• hiBres: all the Romans, even the most infamous, had the power of making their wills.

Pandars, prize-fighters, and gladiators have the liberty of making,their wills, but your wife will dictate yours, and name many of her paramours, your rivals, as heirs to your .estate.

171. Art'lk8: by Metonymy, • gladiators.' 173. Pone • •• servo: an order given by the wife to her husband ;

masters had the power ot'crucifying slaves, which was the usual way of putting them to death.-.Meruit •.. longa est: the words of the hus-band remonstrating against this barbarity. •

176. 0 demem • • . tloluntas: the words of the wife, who insists, that her will is a sufficient reason.

178. Regna: i. e. her husband's realms, over which she had ruled, to make new conquests of other men.

179. Flammea: • bridal veils;' they were of yellow or flame colour, and were thrown over the, face of the bride during the marriage ceremony.

180. Spreti. . . lecti: she leaves her paramours, and comes back again to the man whom she first left.

183. Octo mariti: eight divorces were allowed by the Roman law, beyond that was reckoned adultery.

185. Desperanda: the profligacy of the female sex is now exhibited in another view;-a mother-in-law, disturbing the peace of a family, and promoting the infidelity of a daughter to her husband.

186. JV'uai: • deprived of all he has.'

-..... 190 NOTES.

18t. Corp6re ••• .&nlrigimm: the old lady pretends siclmess, and lends for a physician, (.Ilrelaiglne" the name of some physician) whom her daugbter'. gs1lant is to personate.

190. OturDsa ••• jaetGl: as if in a high fever, 'she throws off the heavy bed clothes.'

Itl. .IlbdltuB ••• adulter: an opportunity is thus presenteil of secreting, in her apartment, the gallant, till the daughter comes under the pre· tense of visiting her sick mother.

193. Ul¥le .•. hlrpem: since by assisting in the prostitution 0{ her daughter, sbe becomes rich from the presents, she receives.

He next attacks the litigiousness of females •• 196. Mlmilia: the name of a common woman. 19S. Cello: the name of an eminent lawyer. 199. EftdromldM ••. ne.cit: women had the boldness to practice

fencing, to anoint themselves with wre,tler'. oil (cerDma), and to put on rugs (eftdromldm), after their exercile, to prevent taking cold; but these rug., to shew their pride, were dyed with Tynan purple.

200. Pali: the Palw was a stake fixed in the ground, about six feet high, at which, they went through all the exercises of a fencer, by way of preparation for a real fight.

2Ql. Quam eavat: hollow places were formed in the stake by COB·

tinual thrusts of weapons at it: Swords, made of wood, were theinstruments, made use of, in practising the art of fencing.-8tufoque laee.rit : i. e. presenting their shields to the post as to a real enemy, as if provoking and guarding against an attack.

202. Omne, .•• numlrOB: 'goes through all the exercile.' 203. Flot'dli • •• tuM: the Floral games, celebrated in honour of the

goddess Flora, were celebrated with vile indecency by harlots, who assembled at the sound of a trumpet.-JV'iBi .•. artna: unless she actually means to appear upon the stage as a gladiator; otherwise one would think, she was preparing for the Floral games.

%06. Pires: 'feats ofstrength.' '209. BalteuB: 'a sword-belt,' worn by soldiers and pdze-fighters.

ManlcQ1: armed gloves to defend the hand.-CriBtce: crests, of tufts of horse.hair, or of plumes ofCeathers, worn on helmets.-Oruri, ..• tegl· men: the lower p.rt of the left leg, as being most exposed to blows, from the position taken by prize. fighters, was coverec! with a stout busk-in; the upper part was defended by the shield. .

SATIRE VI. 191

210. Di1Ief'BtI ••• prcelitl: such as those of the Retiri or MannillotUB, who wore a sort of boots on their legs.

214. Momtrat08 ••• ictus. the thrusts or hits, pointed out to her by ber fencing master.-Perftrtlt: peifero signifies' to carry or convey to a designed person or place;' perfetre ictus may therefore be a technical expression for a fencer making his thrust, by which he COft1Iey. the hit or stroke to his adverssry.

215. Quanftl: 'how firmly,'-' with what an air.' 216. Quam demo • •• libro: • with how thick a fold.'-Fucitl:

this was a band or roUer, wound by prize-fighters round their thighs and legs.

218. Lepldi: .lEmilitu/ LepJdUB.

219. GurgltiB tlut Ftlbii: • or of Fabius Gurges.' See Class. Diet. 220 . ./bgli: .B.sglus was. a famous gladiator. When did an actress ever dress like these mtltrom 1 or when did the

wife of a gladiator ever behave as these ladies, fencing at a post, dressed as men, and pushing at the mark with the same noise, that men make?

227. Sud: this line may be thus divided, in stati-Ione su-\ a iit-\ qu' exspec-\ tiiDtibus \ ilIam. The a in BUa preserved from elision. 230. QUOI... mt1lCM: what a discovery of love-letters 'would be

made, if the cabinet of the adulteress was opened, who all this while is endeavouring to persuade you, that she is jealous of you, and that she grieves, as an innocent and injured woman.

233 .. .B.lfquem .•• colorem: 'some colour of an excuse' for such behaviour.

234. llt.eremuB: 'w.e orators,' Quintilian is supposed to answer, , are at a loss: '-we can rendel' no excuse.-Inquit: • says the wife.'

237. Homo sum: 'I am a human being;' homo is a name common to us both, and so are the frailties of human nature; and since we mutually agreed to do as we liked, you hal'e no just cause of complaint.

238. Iram: anger, to resent reproofs.--.B.nlmoB: courage, to defend what they have done.

239. Unde .•• requiris: the poet is now about to trace the profligacy of the Roman women to the true 8ources,-to the banishment of poverty, labour, and industry, and to the iAtroduction of riches, idleness, and luxury.

J92 NOTES.

242. 1"elUre 7UBco: the Tuscan wool was manufactured at Rome bywomen. -

243. Proz'f.mm .•• Hann."tll: Hannibal, after baving defeated the Romans at Cannm, marched towards Rome and encamped within three miles of the city; this obliged the Romans to keep constant guard.

244. Oolllnd: turre: one of the gates of Rome was on a bill and called Porta Oolllna: on this there was probably some tower, garrisoned by the people.

248. IBtoB .•. colle,: the seven bills, on which Rome was built; here used for the city or the inhalJitantB of the city.

249. SyTliiris .. . RhodoB .•. MUttOB • " Tarentum: cities, infamous for their effeminacy, lewdness, and debauchery.

258. 1"enm ..• ebria: i.e. a woman adding drunkenness to lewdness. 255. Sellam: this may mean a seat at the theatre, as well as a chair

to be carried thither.-Oe"'lcal: a cushion or pillow to leanon.--Aml· cas: female friends, who may appear as her clients and dependanfs.

256. FlafJam •.. puellam: sbining yellow hair was reckoned a great beauty, insomuch that flava puella was equivalent to P14lcht'R puella.

258. LetJlbm athlUis: 'to smooth-faced wrestlers.' 265. E:&haustd • •. nummUB: alluding to a notion very generally

received among the ancients, that mines, after being exbausted, sometimes reproduced their ores.

268. JVUllws .•. prtl!torlbm: 'no public performer can keep himselfsafe.'

269. Organa: organum is a general name for all musical instruments.

If the lady be a musician herself, sbe observes no moderation; she does nothing eise, but play froln morning to night.

270. Densi ••. sardonflches: 'sardonyxes,' (used here for ail kinds of precious stones) , thick set, sparkle over the whole lute.'

271. Crispo •.. pectlne: 'with the quivering quill.'-They struck the strings sometimes with their fingers, sometimes with a piece of ifJory (pecten) made in the form of a quill.

272. Hedymeles: some fashionable musician.-Operas dedit: 'performed; '-' made use of in playing.'

278. Plectro: plectrum, from .. A""""" to strike, as well as pecten, was the quill or instrument with which tbe strings were struck.

SAnRE VI. 193

2'14 • .Lamidrum: this was a noble family, deaeended from Lamw, the king and founder of the city Fonnle, in Campania.

275. Jtmum Ve8taml]1Ul: Janw and Ve,ta were the mOlt ancient ad the first deities of the Romani.

276. CapitoZlnam •.. quercum: Domitian instituted sports in hon- ' or of Jupiter Capitolinw, whieh were celebrated every fifth year; the victor was rewarded willi an' oaken crotDfI.

277. Fidlbw: fide. Bigni6es any stringed instrument; hence the English wordfiddle.

278. 7WBtibw: giving over their patient. . 280. CitMr4: by Metonymy,' aharper.'-.Dietata ••• tJerba; 'the

prescribed fonn of prayer! 281 • .Ilpertti ••• 1I&fId: from the appearance and state of the en.

tmiJ.8 of the victims, the soothsayers foretold future evenls. 288. BiB: such votaries as these.-.Mag"ll4 ••• apud 1)0': i. e. the

gods must have an idle time of It I if they can attend to such prayers and to such subjecls as fiddlers and actors.

J_nal; in· tIais,lI8It· lOme other passages, ridicules the Roman my. thology.

286. Varil:ilBW ••• OOrtIspu: the .ootMayer, who i. obliged to stand 'EO long and listen to such prayers, will have BtDoUen legs.

289. Paltulatis: dressed in the paludamentum, which was a generaf. white or purple robe, in which he marched out of Rome on an expedition.

290. Recttifacie: 'with an unembarrassed 100k.'-Strictisl]1Ul mao milliB: 'and with her bosom bare.'

291. Ike: the poet now assails the sex as being gossips and tale· bearers.

292. Secrlta ••• pullri: some scandalous story of an intrigue between a step·mother and her son·in·law.

296. Quo,dam facit: ' some she invenls' out of her own imagina. tion.-h.e •.• popfllo.: that the Jlliphdtes, a river of Armenia, had overflowed the country and drowned the inhabitanls.

298. J\'Wdre .•• mbBidllre: in consequence of earthquakes. 806. Conchas, this word may signify boxes, or .heUB for ointments,

to be used at the batbs.-Oastra: 'baggage;' things, of various sorts, 17

194 NOTES.

used at the baths, whieh the poet humorously eal1s, from their variety and number, clJlltra.-MOflt": 'to be brought after her.'

80S. Graft ••• mtU,d: to promote perspiration, before they went into the baths, they were in the habit 'of swinging two heavy ma.sses of lead.

810. RubicundiUlJ: 'flushed in the (aee.' 811. CEnophiJrom: from J.", wine, and f~", to carry; a veasel,

probably of a large size, for eonveying wine. 812. SeztlJrim alter: 'a second sextarius ;' implying, that she bad

drunk one before. The 8cztlJrim held nearly a pint and a half. 813. llabidam • •• orezim: 'a ravenous appetite.' 814. Ret#t: 'is brought up azain ; '-is vomited up. 815. MannorI:bm •.. olet: i. e. the wine, brought up fnim her stom

ach, gushes on the marble pavement like a mer, or she vomits into a balon, which smells of the wine, thrown up from her stomach.

818. Nauleat: -, sicken~ at the sight.' 320. IgnoBcit Elisatll: 'finds excuses for Dido. 323. Cedunt .•. pUlBdri: orators and grammarians are represented

by the poet as unable to contend with this learned lady; she vociferates 80 loudly, that neither a public crier, nor a babbling lawyer, nor any of the cl'mpany present, can edge in a single syllable.

327. Jam ne1nO ••• ltmtll: an ancient superstition prevaHed, that eclipses of the moon were occasioned by cbarms and incantations, against which nothing could prevail, except the beating of brass, sounding oC trumpets, and noises of a similar 1dud.

329. Imp4nit • . -. honeam: i. e. she draws the line, .. it were, nicely distinguishing, after the manner of philosophers, ou:tbe subject of ethics, defining the honeatum, the utile, the pukhnwn; and where. each begins and ends.

331. Crure ••. porcum: the dress of philOllOphers was a coat, thU came no lower, than the mid leg. The"y used -to offer a hog to Byl. nUB, the god of the woods; at which sacrifice no-woman was permitted to be present.

The poet tells these philosophical ladies,that, as they ranked among philosophers, they ought to dress in_ the same manner. and offer sacrifices to the same god.

332. Quadrante lava":: the usual small fee paid by poor philosophers for bathing.

--

SATIRE VI. 195

884. Dieendi geRm: i. e. the art of 10gic.-OtIrtum ••• entlaymtrna: • the sbort enthymeme;' a sbort syllogism, consisting only of two propositions, the tbird being retained in the mind, I. !)PM j whence the name.-Rotdto: • artfully turned.'

386. Qu<2dam ••• inteUJgat: i. e. allow her to have some taste for books, but not enter too deeply into them.

SS7. PaloJmllfli.: PaloJmon was a conceited grammarian, who said, that learning would live and die with bim.

340. Nee • .. "erba: the learned lady is represented as being so precise, as to find fault with her neighbours, jf they did not use the most elegant expressions.

341. SolGeismum: so called from the &li, a people of Attica, who, being transplanted to Cilicia, lost the purity of their ancient tongue and became ridiculous to the Athenians for their impropri~ties of speech.

34B. TTrides gemma.: • an emerald necklace.' 844. Eztentis: • extended downwards' with the weight. 346 • .MuUo •. • facies: f. e. her face app~ars unusually large, by a

quantity of paste stuck upon it, to preserve or improve the complexion. See note to Sat. ii, 90.

347. Po~ana: PopptBa, the wife of Nero, invented a 80rt of pomatum to preserve her beauty.

851. Gratlles: • slender;' thin and lean from the continual waste of their bodies by the heat of the climate.

85S. J.lgrwBci: this line is thus scanned, inclpit I agn6S-1 ci it-I qu' 1110 llicte ro-I viitiir. The i in agnosci is preserved from elision. 354. Propter • .• azem: alluding to Popplea, who, being banished

ftom Rome, had fifty she asses with her, for their milk, to wash in and to mix up her paste with.

356 • .Mutatis . .• tot medicamm¥bWJ.. • with so many cosmetics, that are continually changing.'

358. .I1n uleu... • or an ulcer 1 ' 361. Periit libraria: • the house-keeper is 'turned out of doors/-is

undone.-Lilwaria: from libra, a balance; a weigher of wool or flax, who weighed ont and delivered to the other servants the tasks of wool for spinning.

196 NOTES.

182. OI~fdl: f"rom "'1''-, to adom; peraonswho helped dress their mistresses, and bad tbe care of their clothes, ornaments, &c.

864. • frtmgit feri.laB: • this one bas bunches of rods, broken over his back.'-Rubet .• • flageUiB: • is whipped till his back is coYered with blood.'

865. Seutlcd: an instrument of punishment, msde of leather thongs. 866. VeTb«rat: he, one of the (torlorlbm) torment9rs or execu

tioners' lashes. 871. 8icU1d .•• auld: in Sleily some very cruel tyraRts bad reign

ed: such as Pha14riB, Diot.y.ius, .te. 872. Comtituit: • bas made an assignation! 8'73. HortiI: 'in the gardens of Lucullus,'noted for their pleasant

walks. 874. Ift4t:4J.. • .auana letam: the temple of Isis was the seene of

all manner oflewdness, and visited by the most indecent people. 876. PsetlaB: JuvenaI gives to the waiting-maid the name of one of

Diana', nymPhs. 882. Eat ••• acu: she then calls a councU upon the subject of lIer

dreBs,-first, an old woman, who has been set to Bpin (admota 14niB), being too old to dress her lady's hair; then the younger maids, according to their age and experience.-Emerita is here metaphoricaJ, it is the term used for soldiers, who have been discharged from service: these were called milite8 emeriti.

887. Oompaglbus: • stories of curls! -888 • .ilndromacluln: the -wife of Hector; tradition represents her as

being very tall. 889. Oeil9 •• • p14nM: j. e. there would indeed be some Reuse for

her, if she happens to be a little woman, short-waisted and when she has not high shoes on, (cothumuB, which was a 80rt of buskin, worn by actors in tragedies, with a high hoel to it,) seeming, in point of stature, shorter than a Pygmy, insomuch that she is forced to spring up OR tip-toe for a kiss: if such is the case, we may excuse ber dressing her ];lead so high. ._

897. Be1l611«l: Bell6na was the sister of Mars: her priests were called BeUonarii: they ran up and down, lancing their arms with sharp knives, upon ber festival, whicb was kept on the twenty-third or tweRty-fourth of Marcb, wbich, in allusion to tbese borrid rites, was sometimes called" the day of blood."-.MatriBque dei1m: CybeJ.e.

SA.TIRE VI. 197

~99. ·Rai&&l eoktwB: i. e. a troop of priests, who had bawled themHives Jwar.e.-7}/mpclna ••• plebeia: the tabour, or drum" which were beat by the inferior plebeian priests,-here by Metonymy the ~(I8ts, who played on them: all these bow to him, and BUbmit to his ~ty (cedunt). . ~. Phrygitl • •• ttcir4: this waa part of the high-priest's dress, and

called Phrygia_, because first br.ught from Phrygia; it covered the head and was tied under the chin.

400. HtbBnum •• . abluet: at the command of the priest, these women will plunge into the river Tiber, even ill the most dangerous parts ill the very depth of winter. l'hen the ice must be broken for them, to wash away their M,.

408. Superbi • •• regiBagrom;: i. e. the Campul MartiUB, which once belonged to Tarquin the Proud.

410. 10: an Egyptian goddess, the same with lBiB, who also had a temple at Rome.

411. CAlldti ••• Mero/!: the Nile flows round many large islands, the lar§est of which was called Mc1'Ol, and has the epitbllt !Dorm, from its being the nearest the torrid zone.

413. Proxima • •• otIlli: the temple of bis was near that part of the Campus Martius, where the Tarquins in their days had numbers of sheep, which, from this circumstance, was called the .heepfold.

414. lj1I1UB dom¥fIIll: • of the goddt'.8s herself.' 415. En .•• loqumatur: this apostrophe carries a strong ironical re

flection on these cunning and implliling priests. 416. Ergo: because. these deluded women are convinced that these

priests have real intercourse with heaven, and all that is enjoined comes directly from above.

~17. tkege liniglro: 'with a train of priests in linen robes.'-tkege eal1lo t they shaved their heads and went howling up and down the streets, in imitation of the Egyptians, who did the same, at certain periods, in search of OsIris.

418. DeriBOr .Iln1Jbis: at these ridiculous rites the high priest carried the image of .Iln1Jbi" the son of OsIris, whom they worshipped under the form of a dog; the priest all the while lauglaing at such a deity anet jeering at the folly of the people, that attended him.

17·

19B

421!. e~Reeice8e ••• 'eeptfUl: ,%'ere was, k, temple alHl O,l~ ris, an image with three beads, the middle one, that of a lion, the right, of a do", the left of a wolf: &pout these a seryeAt, made of silwF, seeme" twine briagin" head the l'iy;!%% 0 end of..hl",

:;~g, den:~~~~at d:~er:;:~~:f';:!C:n'::t' ;:b:~~:~'~3d ~ 424. An,ere: this bird was usually sacrificed to Isis, and in Egypt

constl,e,e' the chl3P f03,d of the 7>,33slB. 426, ille ' he "leeD ploell i. e. the prill3'

hu withdrawn.' 428. Sacerdos arb6ris: this is spoken in contempt of the-Jews, who

lived woods, and ,h'3refore puet proo;,ld hints at prieSto;,,,,,, of the tlln3d1e in wllod of R3'Pona, whu lH3,teaded' 133k and ceive answers from oak-trees.

432. Spondet •• . pmri: Armenia, and Syria, of which Commagt"-na is were for s wtfLmyers ; knOW3hid" of futur" 13¥3nts, by l,epecting they handled and examined for this purpose.

pretenf13tfl acquirr 13tllides of lmimals, wbkh

436. Faciet • .• ipse: he will commit a deed (the murder ofachiId), a,gainst "ihich, if t,ody els, doDe would jJ,e first inform,

437. ChaldtziB: the Cbaldeans, living about Babylon, were the great mastel'S in the knowledge of the stars, or judicial Astrology, as it is calle'l ""me of the33, Ilke Oth333 imposteES, tmothed abu"~ cam;; Rome3 where thep pelned great 3",3}it with women,

439. Delphis . •• cessant: when this satire was written and indeeP long before, oracles were rapidly falling into contempt. The oracle of DelpP'33, is said, '33l33ed at th'3 bi3th of Ch,23,.

441. : Bele"333.3 is here a famm33 astrolod3l. who hall been banish,"32 C'om Rm'i3%, by wh333' instigaLI3%f3 and prediction, Otho, (with whom he was intimate), failing to be adopted by G3flba, caused Galba to be put to death,

442. C.enducendlz. • tabe££tI the asti ,,1.3d33fS wrote or on 11321,ets_the 13nll,3%efS, whirh, they preti13hih, came to obtain a sight of these, people gave them money.

444, &nuit . .• Ia!tla, i. e. if he has been hand-cutl'ed. 44h eRgO.. 3"'Tere: redictfl' ",ho fOllit"zh

time were as P3l3 Hill38 with

parchment the

things

SATIRE VI. 199 cal8p, in expectation of the event: in which CODIIitiaD, tlley had a .. dier to guud them, and, for greater seeurity, were tied together with a cham of some length (this may perhaps be intimated by longo cat'cere), ODe end of wbiA:h, for conveniency, was lastened to the lIOIdi.ers left ann, the other to the prisoner's right.

450. Tanaquil tua: i. e. your wife. See Clus. Diet. 453. HtBC ••• prot: she is 80 desirous of knowing the fate of

others, that she is-coptent to be ignorant of her oWD..-Sidu •• • -Salumi: Satum was considered an tmluI:lty pkmct.

454. Vemu: VeIIW was considered a.frwtuno.tc plaoet. j( she lOBe

in conj1ac:tion with certain others. 4118. ~: this word here signifies • sort of ..fl~, ill

which were noted the daily rising and setting of the- VariOll8 constelladOllS; by coDBUltiog which, these wOlDen pret.eoded to. tell thm OWD

fortunes, and those of their acquaintances. 460. Thraaylti: ThraaylNB was a Platonist and a great _ .. mati

clan, once in high favour with Tiberius CEllar, 1!at aftemUfls, bJ his command, thrown into the sea at Rhodes.

461 • .Primum lapldem: i. o. the first mile ItonO from Rome. 465. PetoBlm: a famous Egyptian astrologer. 466. 8i mediacri& ••• fllCtlirum: L o. if the woman is in 1/ItD cir

cumstame8, she 1'UD8 to the circus, till she finds an astrologer, who .. her purpose. _

471. Qui ••• COftCiit: whenever a place was struck ~th ligIltning, a priest was ealled in to expiate it: this was done by collecting eV817 tbiiig, that had heen Icorched and burying it on the spot witlt due solemnity. A two-year old sheep was then sacrificed, and the ground slightly railed in: after which, all was supposed to be well.

These lightnings were reckoned publie or prifJ4U as they hap~ to strike either public or private edifices.

Pritlate lightnings were supposed to forebode things to come filr tea years only; public lightnings, for thirty yolll'S.

4'f2. Circo .•. agglff'e: Tarquin's motmt was c:ast up Oil the eastem

Bide of Rome. as a defence to tile oity: this, as well 88 the circt»,. was a place of resort to these low cheats.

474. Phalaa: wooden towe" in the form of an egg. built by Agrippat for the judges of the Circensian gsmes.-.De~hinonm&qUII colttm-

200 NOTES.

_: in the CiI'CWl, were lofty pillar" on which were plaCed the statues of dolpAim, erected for ornaments.

478. &tl jaut ••• poutmt: i. e. you will searcely ever hear of a lyiftg in tDomen among the ladies of quality; such is the power of art, luch the force of medicines, prepared by those, who make it their business to cause barrenness and produce abortions.

481. Spurco, .•• lacue: where children were exposed. 486. Hili ,e inglrit: 'with thc care of these she charges herself.' 490. IntU: i. e. from these philtres. 492. Jl""ru;(Um ••• ,al,"4: Cte,ar CaligiUa, whom his wife Ctuo

nia drenched with a love potion, made of the Aippomallll', (a little skin or piece of flesh, taken from the forehead of a .colt newly foaled,) which drove him into raving madness.

This potion of Cle80nia was infinitely worse than JlgrippIna', mmAroom, for that only destroyed a drivelling old emperor; but Caligula, after his draught, became a merciless and bloody tyrant.

499. &nu: the emperor Claudius, who was poiBoned by Agrippina, hiB wife, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.

508. Parlm eqtUl!: i. e. the colt, from which the hippomanes was taken.

1104. PeUiee: peUe:c properly denotes the kept.roiBtress of a married man.

511 • .MflBimm ••• hidtu: i. e. what I have been saying must appear so monstrous, as to be regarded by some as a fiction: and, instead of keeping within the bound and laws of satire, I have taken a Bight into the fabulous rant of tragedy, like Sophocles and other tragic writers.

515. Pontia: there were two women of thiB name; one was the wife of Vectius Bolanus, a man of high rank and estimation, who poiioDed her two children (they were twins) in the time of Nero: the other, to whom the poet particularly alludes, was .the wife of DIYmo, whose family took care to perpetuate her crime (as GI'IIIIgIBUS says) by the following inscription on het tomb; Pontia, Titi Pontii filia, late lito. 8tlm, qtUI!, duobm natu a me IIt:111lf&O eof&8tlmpti8 4IIaritial optIII,

mum! mihi mortem eonseilli. Th, quiBqtlil e" qui hde transi8, ri pim e" lJUOl'o a me owlos a"erte.

529. Sana: 'in her sound mind; '-' in cold blood.' 584. 7'ynditri' illa: 'that daughter of Tyndarus,'-Clytemnestra.

• SATIRE VII.

JUVeJIal, by the manner of expreesion, ilIlI 7ytadmie, 1miDaates, that • this name belonged to oth8J8, viz. to many of the Roman )Mi. of 1U

time. lJB'T. bIde.: Agamemnon, tlle .on of .I1treUB, and huaband of Cly.

tlemtiestra. J uvena! \lIIeII this name as deeeriptive of the situation of the husband, whom the modem Clytemnestra is determined to murder, fOr the sake of a gallant.

638. Pontkll ... rep: Mit1tridiUel, a king of Pontua, inftntecl>& medicine, called Kat1arid«te, an antidote againat poison.

SATIRE VII.

This Satire is addressed to TelesinuB, a poet, and coatains an auimat· ed aeeount of the g1lneral discouragement, under which llierature lao boured at Rome.

Beginning with Poetry, It plOceedB with great regularity through the various departments of History, Law, Oratory, Rhetoric, and Grammar: having many curious anecdotes interspened, and each diJl'erent head enlivened with such satirical, humorous, and 8eJItimental remarks, as naturally ftow from the subject.

1. Bpe,: the hope of reward for the labour of the learned.-Raho : the reason why meJI apply themselvee.-Ctuclre: the emperor Domitian is probably meant.

4. ConducJre: to hire, in order to make a livelihood thereby; or it may signify (as we find it used in Cicero, II. de Dillin.) to wdertake the work or management of.

6. .Ilgllnippe,: a fOllntain in a solitary part of lkeotia coDSecrateci to the Muses.

9. JIlllllAa:ne: MlIIllatBrll was probably the name of some noted crier. ,-

10. Commil'II ••. cn.u:tio: an cn.u:tion is said to be eommil,1I, wheJI ifatTwted to the honesty and activity of the auctioneer.-Some think, it alluded to the eommillion of the magistrates, who sanctioned the sale; -And others, that it is used figuratively for the strife of the purchaserl, who may be said, like gladiators, inter .e cormmtti.-A sale of this kind is called IIUCtio, (from IIvgeo, to increiee) because the bidden raise the price againit each other. ...

NOTES.

11. SttmRbtI.: 'to the bidders standing round.'-Baechi ••• Fmu· Ii: BaulKu or Baeehiw and Fawtw were two wretched tragic writ· ers.

14. Equ¥tel Aridni: the poet satirizes those noblemen, who enrich· ed their Asiatic slaves, and had them enrolled among the knights. T.bese Asiatics were notorious petjurers.

15. CapptJdike.: the Cappadoeiam were, like the Cretans, liars and dishonest to a proverb; yet many of them found favor, and obtained wealth at Rome.

16 • .Illtlra • •• Gallitl: GIIllo.Grmei4 or G/Ilatia.-.MJdo •.• talo: , with naked feet,' like poor persons or slaves exposed for sale.

18. Nectit • .• modis: the perfection of heroic poetry which seems here to be intended, is the uniting grand and lofty ezpre.lIion, eloquitim fJocllk, with tunejul meIJ8Ure., modis canom.

19. LauroflllJUtl momordit: the eating of the laurel was supposed to inspire young poets with noble ideas.

21. Dueis: 'of the emperor,' Domitian. 28. Crocem membrdn/J tabelUe: the parchment or fJeUum, which

the ancients used, was white on the inside where they wrote, and dyed of a .aJlron colour on the outside with the oil of cedar, to prese"e it from decay.

25. DOnG JTenlria ••• manto: 'commit them to the flames.' 26. Aut • •• libeUoB: i. e. Jay by your books, and let the moths eat

them. 27. JT"tgil4fa: which have cost you many a sleepless night. 29. Uf ... maerd: that, after all your pains, you may have your

half·sta"ed image, i. e. a representation of your lean and st~ed perlon, crowned with ivy, and set up in the temple of Apollo.

82. Uf.. . afJem: as children admire the beauty of the peacock, sacred to Juno, without doing the bird any service, so the rich of these days will give you nothing, though they may ldaiire and praise your works.

84. 7\mc: when you have grown old.-Seque •••• mectw: your old age, however eloquent, when clothed in rags, detests itself and the Muses, that have left it in such a deplorable situation.

87. Hw4rom .•• relicti!: there was a temple of the Muses at Rome, built by Hamw Philippw, where poets used to recite their works.

SATIRE VII. 203

AugmtUB built a Iibrilry and temple to Apollo, on Mount Palatine, where poets also recited their verses, and where they deposited them.

Some join et MUBarum ••• delictd to the following line, interpreting it,-he makes verses hiJDie1f (invltd Mine:") in defiance of the censure of the learned.

88. Uni • •. anno.: not that he thinks Homer a better poet, but because he was ancient.

40. MIJC1IUlnUB: some rich man, upon whose patronage the poet depended.

41. Ferril.ta: • barred against you? when you ask remuneration. 46 • .I1nabatM-a: • stairs,-or a step.ladder? to ascend to the rtl ••

trum, which was a kind of scaffolding erected with timber, hired for the purpose.

47. QutBque ••• cathedris: the poet is supposed to have fitted up the Orchestra with hired chair. for the accommodation of the better sort of people.-Reportandia: • to be returned to the owners.'

48. finui ... duclmUB: see Sat. i, note to line 148. 5S. Non publlca vena: • no common talents! 55. Monttd: montta is the stamp on money, hence, figuratively, • a

stylb in writing.' 57. Omnia •.• impatiens: • free from every bitter of life.' 62. Satur ••• Buoe: i. e. when Horace wrote his divinest verses,

he was sated with good cheer, and prospered under the patronage of Augustus and Mecenas.

64. Domlnia ••• feruntur: • are inspired by the lords of Cirrha and Nysa:' i. e. Apollo and Bacchus; the former was a town of Phocis, near Delphos, where Apollo had an oracle; the latter a cave in Arabia, where Bacchus was educated.

65. Dual .•. curas: i. e. poetl']tand domestic troubles. 68 . .I1dspiclre: • to conceive in his mind.' 69. DeellBet: this word is here by Syneresis contracted into two

syllables; the line is thus divided, Nam si ! Vlrgili-! 9 piler 1 iit tOle·1 riibile ! d'essiit. 70. Cadlrent ••• hydri: for cecidisBent; • all the snakes would have

fallen from the hair of .I1lecto;'-he never w~uld have been able to describe, as he has 1I0ne, the snaky tresses of Aleeto. See &n. vii. 450.

71. Su:rda ••• buctlna: • the silent trumpet;' BUrdUB not only sig-nifies one that does not hear, but also that which gives no sound.

204· NOTES.

JuftDal alludes te & .. vii. 619. '72. Ru/)rj,,," LII.pp«: an ingenbu. but poor and miserable tragic

poet. who lived in Jtmmal'. ti.me.-Oothvrno: by MIotonymy. • tragic

write .... • '78. Oujm . •• .I1trem: whose tragedy of Atreus, which he _

wriag. caused him to pGtDft hie platter. and dotJlc. to buy food. &C. Some think pignero me8ll8 to ttJlce a pledge. and suppose .I1trem to be the name of the broker to whom RulwmUl had pawned hie goods.

'74. bJfoli:l: .Nbm¥tor: • unfortunate. poor Numitor;' ironicaDy. for he is put here for any rich man.

1'6. Qaintille: the name of hie mistrea. '79. Lucd_, Lucan, a poet of Cordiiba in Spain, who, on coming

to Rome, was made a knight. He left his Pharsalia, a heroic poem, describing the civil wa ... between Cillear and Pompey, unfinished, baY. btg been put to death by Nero.

so. Serr4flo • •• 8aIeio: two poor poets in Javenal's time. 82. .I1miea :' grateful' to the hearers •

. 83. Thebafdo ••.• Statiul: Thebail was a poem, descriptive of the Tbeban war, written by Statiul a Neapolitan poet.

84. Prom"it .•• diem: 'appointed a day' for the recital of hie p0ct'".

8'7. Intactam ••. .I1giLflcn: 'hiB tragedy of Agave, never before per· farmed or read.-Paridi: Pa,;, was an actor in high favor with Demitian.

What the poet says in this and the three following lines, iu a seemiDg complimentsry way, waa a sneer upon Paris, and through bim upon the emperor; Domitian 80 understood it and turned our author's jest into his punishment: for in bis old age, be sent him into Egypt, by way of an honorary service. with a military command.

89. &me.tri . .. auro: i. e. makes them military tribunes. whose office luted for ~ monthl: these. aa well as knighta, wore gold rings • . -Some understand summer and winter rings.-As .emc,t';' also me8ll8 1uJlf a month (~r moon). some render Bcme.tri auro. circular gold (or rit'Ig.) like the moon, when she is full or fifteen days old.

90. Oamertno. • • • Barea.: rich nobles, whose levees the poor poets might attend in vain.

SATIRE VII. 205

9;2. Peloppg . . . : sE,e names of two tragedies, which, perhaps being dedicated to Paris, secured his favour 'and couse;2uently the p""d wiZI ,'f D,-",,;tian.

93. PulpUa: • the stage;' some understand 'poetical recitations.' 97. ~Palli-',," ZI-'oW p"Ze' studd.- V,num Dec"",bri :

in th" month of D"""mber, ide of tde Saturnalia was observed with great festivity.

913. Flecg,g1.ior: :more h""efic,"; to ym' than 70et-'i3 to it-, writers; ironically.

H",,;ng e"hibite" the w-,etshedn-"ss of poet-' -"fhis "sy he h-',gins to she,,;, ths" msto-,::ees we": "qually neglected.

101. Damnosa: ruinous to you, having been at the expense of so mU,'ll pape', ti,r wh;d, yon will res"ive n': -,,,compesse.

1 04. Acta legenti: the acta were journals, registers, acts of the sen-ate, -,eco:-;k, of a similar ; tIm slerk, mho w:·,:te or "sU,cted LI:em, was ''',ll ed "duari,".

106. Quid •.. officia: what profit arises to lawyers from their pll'ad-ings civil g-"tions

107. Magno ... libelli t their bundles of briefs, which they carry with them COUlt.

H'''. !psi; the I-,wyers.~·-'f.:fagna: for "'agnopfre. 109. Tetlgit ••• illo: i. e. if some c1iept, more earnest than the

othel. ",ho tI,;"s;s, h" not "sing j""t.lce t" the ca,-,-"", sh""kd toud,- him with his elbow.

110 . .lJ.d d,-,-c,ium

iarge ",-:cou"t-Oook.' run into debt.

. nOZl",n : pro"" a do"l>tful lid,t, witl> his So nomen is used by Cicero, nomina faure, to

UL -CavE .foU . .': i. his I "'ds. 112. Conspilltur:' is slavered wi.th foam,: from vehemence in plead

ing. 11~tr. Hinc; in one scale. 114. Solum russ(i.ti ••• LacernoJ: • that alone of Domitian's [red

,;oat"d ,;oacb"an,' you "it! find them '''1 lal.-d.'me t h hlk L,ll:7ma a fictitious name for a soldier, whose dress also was red, according to Brit"" cus

llh. Duc,'''; 'th" jlldges; the poet in this passage humorously alludes to Ovid's description of the contest between Ajax and U1hsse., fl!r arms "f AchffI::s. m.

18

206 N022S.

1143, DuP24? J7'0 li43,,43tJte for on,: whoc:c: ,iher,:;: qun"ione,£ ;'-or one who was claimed hy some person as a c:£:,ve.

117, Tibi ... palrtlfll: it was customary for clientS, if they gained their ::TfTlse, ,et Uh garl::nd oC iliP',Tfn p:::m at dOD" M ad-vocates.

11:" Vo,ic: 'of h':::r vodR':::rous d:£eadi':d' 120. Vetlre8 • •• bulbi: perhaps onions are :::::re '::::Tfnt,::::!:ich

might be amond the small presents, sent monthly from Mrica to Rome. 12:, Pin,!:: •.. ,E/T/Tect,,:T/: • br:,Tl¥;ht th" Tiber d,m

Veiento, or some other place, famous for inferior wine. 12h, Aur",: th, :,ureu, was ,pna! in T/::43ue ,:bou: $3,59 our

money. 123, JntU • pragmatieorum: i. e. of that gold piece, you must

give'n :ljvid,'n:£ to pettpfoggeTf': accmPing i:,: ,heir &:m:trac£':r;th you.-The pragmatiei were prompters, who sat behind the lawyers and p,&:mpteP [Pem wiTh W(:nls, as w,ll a, with ti:::: form, ;,:::d m::wIing of the law.

124, .!Emilio: lEmilius was probably a rich lawyer, but oC inferior T/bili'Tm,

128. Statutl ... lusea: i. e. he seems to meditate a stroke, with nne shut, ord" to be"" aim ::T/Tth ,:thet; fir, because he was blind of an eye.

Thus: on account of all this pomy:, lEmilius had great practice and was paR:L

129. Sic: • by such attempts at display.'-Conturbat: • ruins himteIC.:

131. Rhinocerote: the poor and middling class oC citizens used to go to th:: baths, with thr;r oil ve",:l: made of a bull's hom; the richer .ort, the of r ::hino:"";:8, whi::h w::,::ery T/T/hensiT/:::,

IS2. Per • •• a88lre: i. e. he rides through the forum in a litter, set upon p::Zes, wl:lch ;{:,ted on me sPn,lders nl the l""rers.-Medo:: J:1IIro.: the Romans were furnished with slaves from Media and Persia.

IS" Spor,d"t: • him credit!-Stl"tariUB: from silata, a ship or b::,£'; • fon,ign,' imporfCTd by from forelh" corml"".

185. Vendit: • recommends.' 141 ServE ;:,to : carrh hour 146. Quando ... matrem: i. e. when will BasilUB or any man with me", appem:mce be emplc:yed a can'Tf of consequence, II

,r::, 01"

SATIRE VII. 207

Cicero Cor Fonteins, where a mother was brought into court, weepinc and supplicating Cor the life oC her son.

160. IJeclamiJ:re doeeB: the poet now shows, that teachers oC rhetoric, who opened schools Cor instructing youth In the knowledge and art oC declamation, fared, if possible, worse than lawyers.

151. Perimit ••• tyrannos: the theme, given by VeeRm, who is here put for any teacher of rhetoric, to his class of pupils, is supposed

• to be Oil the suppression of tyrants. 154. Orambe repetlta.. iB allusion to the old Greek proverb, .. Cab

bage heated several times is death." '155. 00101': eoZor was that part of the declamation, introduced by

way of reason for the thing, supposed to be done, and by way of plea or excuse for the action.-C'amlll ••. genu.: whether it be demonstrative, deliberative, or judicial ;-or, whether defensible or not.Summa IJ1.UIIlltio: that, on which the whole cause must tum.

156. QWI ••• sagittal .. what arguments the adversaries may bring forward. '

158. M'eretdem ••• IIcW: the words of ,the dull and inattentive scbolw: to the master, demanding payment for his labours.

159. Lt.et!d ••• mamilke: the heart, according to Pliny, xi. 37, i8 seated inside the left breast with man, and is supposed to be the seat of understanding Qnd wisdom.

160. ArccuilcoJictllili[ Anadia was famous for its breed of GII.e •• - .. Oujm ... impZet: no theme was more common in the Roman schools, than the adventures of Hannibal. Every week, says the master, does the story of Hannibal torment my poor head on a declaiming day.

163. An post • .• co1wrte.: In the fifth year after the battle of Cannm, when Hannibal encamped within three miles of Rome, he was twice assailed by a most violent storm, at a time, when both armies were prepared for battle. This the Carthaginian considered as an unfavorable omen, and, after some deliberation, departed from Rome.

164. Oircumagat: c lead'back' from Rome to Apulia. 165. Quantum •. • audiat: C ask me to give you what you will, an.I

I will give it, if this blockhead's father will hear him as often as I do.'He that asks a certain sum is said .tipulari: he that promises it is said

'Pondere• 167. SophiBtlll: put here for rlldoreB.

J08 NOTES.

188. Et eeru •.. relido: and having left olf teaching, tum to the bar and plead real caQlles.-Rapt6re relil:to: leaving fictitious subjects, such as the rape of Helen, &c.-Tbere are some declamations, in Quintillan, De raptore.

169. Ji'u8a ••• Iilent: they say no more of Medea's pouring out and mixing poison for Creiisa.-.Malus ••. marltus: Juon, who forsook Medea; .JE~u, who abandoned Dido; or, Theseus, who left Ariadne,

170. Qt.ue ••• ttuos: i. e. what medlcines restored youth and sight to ..£son.-.Morlaria: mortars, but here figuratively medicines brayed in a mortar.

171. Ergo . •. fiumenti: this seems to be the sense of the passage ; as the profession of teaching school is so miserable and without profit, I would therefore advise those, who have left the shadowy declamation of the school for the real contention of the bar, to follow a new course of life and never to think of returning to teach rhetoric agaIn, lest they should have nothing left, with which they may buy bread.-Dabit •.. nulem: • he will discharge himself from' keeping school;' the mms was a rod given to gladiators, when dlscharged from their occupation: dare rudem, to give a dlscharge; donan rude, to be discharged.

178. Ad pilgnam. • to the contention of the bar.'-Rhetor¥cd ••• M umbra: fl'9m the fictitious declamations of the school, which were ~t .hadows to the real ones.

174. TeBilra •• • .frumenti: in any dole, made by the emperor or any city-magistrate for distributing com, the poor citizens had each a tally or tieket given them, which they first showed and then received their proportion, according to the money they brought to buy wheat from the public magazines, at a lower than the market price.

This tieket was called tesllera, it being four square, and was made of wood or lead.

175. Qtt.ippe ••• lauti88¥_: in comparison with what they get by teaching rhetoric.

176. OhryBogIJnUS ••• Pollio: two music-masters; others consider them rhetoricians.

177. Artem •.• Theodih'i: • discardlng the art of Tbeodorus,' a very famous rhetorician.-Scindens: if we consider Chy.ogonw and Pollio as teachers of rhetoric, scindenll must be rendered' explaining.'

SATIRE VII. 209

178. Babula 6ttl:CentU: C baths are built by them at the expeDlle of 600,000 sesterces,' about $21420.

The rich Romans spare no expense when luxwy is in question, but pay as little as they can for the honest education of their chlldren.

179. Anne ..• potiu.: ironically; should nobility, like these, wait at home for fine weather, &c.? certainly not, they mnst have POlticos, &c.

182. Numiddmm .•. eolumnit: Numidian marble was very elegant and expensive, and was first hrought to Rome by M. Lepidus.

183. Algentem • •• solem: the windows were so contrived as to take in the SUD in winter-time: i. e. they faced·the south-west.

186. Quintiliano: the celebrated rhetorician, who educates the chlldren.

189. &emp14 • •• transi: the poet answers, Felicity so strange and singular, as this is, must never be mentioned as an example for others; for Quintilian is the only person, who ever grew rich in this way.

The Romans called an UDUSUal good fortune nO'Dafata. 190. Feliz et pulcher: c the fortunate is both brave.' 192. Lunam ••• aZGtt.e: the senators and patricians wore II sloe

(aZut<ll) of the best and softest leather, with a buckle or clasp of ivory or silver, in the shape of a half-moon. This ornament was derived from Mercury, who, after snatching .Eneas from the fury of the Greek., placed a moon on his foot. .

MOI"8 probably it denoted by its shape, C (centum), the original number of senators.

By this line, the poet means that the fortunate may even becoll\ll senators and nobles.

193. Jaculiitor: C disputant.' 199. Vcntidim: Ventidim Bas8tl8, son of a bond-woman, at Asca

lon, was at first a carman, then a muleteer; afterwards, in one year, he was made pnetor and consul . ..:....TulZiu': Bemus ~ZZim, the sixth king of Rome, born of a captive.

203. Cathedr~: teaching rhetoric, which they did, sitting in a chair, desk, or pulpit.

204. Thrasymitchi: Thrasymachm was a Carthaginian rhetorician, who taught for several years, at Athens; he hanged himself through poverty .-8ecundi Oarriniim: Becundm Oafflnas came from Athens to Rome, and, declaiming against tyrants, was banl$hed by Caligula.

18*

210 NOTES.

205. Et laune • • _ cieGtaa: many think that Socrates is intended, who also taught rhetoric at Athens, and was put to death by the Athenians: but Secundua Oarrinal is certainly the one to whom the poet refers; having been banished from Rome, he returned to Athens, but his countrymen were aeriud to render him any relief, lest they should incur the displeasure of CresM. He, at length, poisoned himself.

207. m: sc. date or dent.-Tenuem ... terram: it was us~ with the Romans to express their good wishes for the dead in the manner, here mentioned, that the earth might lie light upon them; for they supposed the mane. dwelt sometimes in the sepulchfe together with the ashes.

208. SpiranteBque eroco.: it was customary with the ancients to strew Bowen and shed perfumes on the grave of a deceased friend.

210. Metuen. flirglll: reverencing and beholding with awe his tutor Chiron, the Centaur.

211. Cantabat: practised lessons in vocal and instrumental "music under his tutor.-Patriia in monAbua; the mountains of Thessaly, from whence came Peleus, the father of Achilles.

l!12. Cauda magistri: the upper part of Chiron was like a man, the lower, like a laorBe.

lllS. Rufum • •• dia:it: Rufu. or Ruffu' was a teacher, who charged Cicero with writing barbarous Latin, like an . .9llobrogian.

215. Quia: the poet now shows that the situation of a grammarian is still more deplorable.-Encelddi ••• PalmnMiB: Enceladua and Palamon were two very famous grammarians.

218. PrfBmordet: -, takes the first bite.' 219. Qui diapen.at: i. e. diapenBator; 'the housekeeper,-or

steward.' 224. Obkquo ••• ftrro: 'with the crooked teeth of the card,' such

as is used at the present time. 226. Quot .tabant pulri: 'as there were boys standing round you

to recite their lessons.' 228. Rara •.• egeat: i. e. though the pay, whicb the grammarian

receives, is so small; even that he seldom geta without going to law for it.-7rib1mi here means the judge. who tried civil causes.

229. Sed vo.: a sarcastic apostropbe to parents. 283. Phlllbi: the name of the keeper of the bath. 236. BiciluB: i. e. Acestes.

SATIRE VIII. 211

:'41. V''lCtlJri PflJliJlu. quod po,tf)lat: these words 8.Nl satiJicaDy added by the poet, and seem to be included in a parenthes1s.- V"lCtori I 'a victorious gladiator.'

SATIRE VIII.

The great object of thjs Satire is to demonstrate. that distinction is merely personal; although we may derive rsnk and titles {rolll our q

cestor" if we degenerste from the virtues, by which they ob~lilcJ tblill!l. we canl).ot be cO!1~dered 8i truly noble.

1. Pontlce: some noble penion. perhaps a descendant lIf the author of the Theballl.-Longo lIangulne: by a eJeseent through ~ long trsin of ancestors of noble blood.

S. In cu"~bw: 'in triumphal cars,' ~ !olxpressed in triumphal statues.

-4. Dimidio.: 'half demolished,' by lengt~ of ~e.-Humlro, •.. Cortlinum: 'a statue of Corvinus with a bro"en shoulder.'

6. Genlris tabilld ••. capaci: • in a long gene~ogieal table.' 8. PumIJBOII: • now black wjth smoke.' 9. Si . •• oil/ltur: if you live infamously before the images of these

great men.-QuO: sc. spectant; • what avail? ' 18. Our • • . lare: i. e. why should Fabius boast of his descent from

Q. Fabius Maximus ..Emiliiinus. (called ..IlUobroglculI from his victo'1 over the A1lobroges,) and in his descent from Hercules, &.c.-./lnJ: the altar of Hercules, of which the Fabian family were the hereditarr guardians.

They were said to be sprung (Herculeo lare) from Hercules. 16. Euganed. ••• agnd.: the sheep, bred o.n the Euganean downs,

had the finest arid softest fleeces in all Italy. 16. Catinemi pumIce: Catloo (now Catania) was a city ~ear

mount ..Etna; the finest pumice was collected trom the vicinity of Mount ..Etna: with these stones. the effeminate Italians used to smooth their skins.

17. Emptor ••• gentem: those, condemned of poisoning or any other capital crime, were not only put to death, but had their names erased from the public records and their images broken or othenvis.e destroyed.

Dig't>LedbyGoogle

212

22. HOI • •• tuilmm: prefer the virtues Of these excef,ent men to the images of your ancestors.

28, peesctdasLf flirgaa ~ 'if yOU should be consul, esteem them befoffi the eneiyllL llf your

29. 0'1" i""e1'I&o; Oriris Pe chier of ths, YLgyptians, shipped under the form of a bull or ox. They supposed that Osiris was the is,s'S,lltor of husbandry, and that his soul transmigrated into an ox. Whs'll ox, also Apis, arrived certain the pYerylry drowned him a,',d about h'''',ling in L,e anoLh"s, "f the form and marks as the former; which when they had found, they shouted with joy E~~ ....... ,,! we have found him: l/l')'X"eZ",,, \ let us rejokll l,"gether

k:abie •• ,,,,,,bUB: all the" zLair eai,"" "If with mange.

38. He tu riB: 'lest you be called in the same manner,' without havmd Tflly c1aiffi Lheir vislsh,,,,

mdglre: agger W"" "Sound, by for thll fence of the city, and much frequented by low company.

44. Vo, humlle, . . . Cecroplde,: these are the words of RubeDus. "d, Pkbe tog,WZ, 'the mL""',,,gt plebelffi,g,

s'hodos: difficuld"g, : 'the inidgg, cies.'

51. Batclm.: the Batam or Hollanders were conqu~1!yDomitiaJr ... whhh douth. '~.'- .o,

5d, tu • • : i. dhU are n'Jtd'''g but ilame, resemble a shapeless stone.

The poet alludes to the HermtB or heads of Mercury, set on posts at the of the men in millJns.

yr"c'!li • • ,jds,et: 'f", sch"m, sWil'i tbe COUlgJ, many a glows with applauding.'

a 62. Corgth~: the name of a famous mare from Cory thus or Corittu,

dEtru,i"" dirplni dJmous so call",' g',hm the :pl"ee" whe,,,

was bred, a hill in tbe country of the Sabines. 64. Ibi: 'in these horses.' fS7, Hepjjfis.' the name, l'eshaps, of sOme covetous miller, who

we,eLhd his hors"" emplod'''Y them in d,ihding niyhL ""d day. usia: i.

SATIRE VIIJ. 21S

'fl. Bee • . . jwlnem: 80 much for the youth, Rubellus :BlaDdus. 81. Phalitria • •• lauro: Pho.lmi8 was one of the mOlt cruel of the

Sicilian tyrants: he had a brazen bull, in which he inclosed people and bumt them alive. See Class. Diet.

85. O.trea •.• G_dna: Ga_ is a mountain of Campinia, near the Lucrine lake, where the best OY8ter8 were found.

86. Co.mi ••• t1i!no: the unguenrum Oo.miilnum was a perfumed ointment so called from one Oosmu8, a perfumer, who, by boiling various aromatics together, produced his famous ointment.

The poet here means, that if the person spoken of did not anoint him· self, a9' others, but could afford to purchase and dip himself in a UJMle kettle full at once of this rare perfume, yet his name would perish with his body. It is not living sumptuously, but well, that glves reputation after death. .

90. 0111111 ••• medulliB: i. e. you see the kings, we have conquered. robbed and oppressed, and the very marrow, as it were, sucked out oC their bones.-VClCUiB eor_tll medulliB. by ¥ypallage, for "CICUIJ U' _ti. meduUiB.

96. Pama . •. Natta: who Pan.lI, or his predecossor, Natta, was •• is unknown. They are probably fictitious namo;&. Some, from the simi· larity between this !IIld 841, I. 39, 42, thinll: PlJflla depotes the 8eAate. Uld Hatta. Mil",", . - _.- -

16. OIuBrippe: he introduces C/lterippm, a subject of the plundered province. whom he advises to sell the few trilles he has left. before a new governor comes to devour what the former had spared; supposing that, if he did turn his small goods into money. he might perhaps the better conceal it. .

97. Furor •• • flaulum: i. e. when you have nearly lost all, it would be the height of folly to lose what you should pay for your passage to Rome, in order to accuse your oppressor.

Some interpret it. lest you should not be able. when you die, to pay theferry mOfley to Charon,

Or more probably it is merely a proverbial expression, and mealll, "Ave what thou canst in the wreck of thy fortunes."

98. Vulnua: 'grief.'

104. MentlJre meme: Mentor was a distinguisbed artist in cb~ing and embossing silver.

214 NOTES.

He m_, that there were few entertairlmenta, where, in the co_ of the tables, there were not some cups, dishes, &C. of Mentor's work· IllUlllhip.

107. Plurel ••• triurnphol: i. e. they acquired more riches in stripping peaceable people, than their conquerors ever took from them in time of wsr.-OecultG: the last syllable of oecult4 is made long, in consequence of 8p in the commencement of the following word. See Carey's Lat. Pros.

118. Gallkm uiI: c the Gauls,' who used to fight tiom chariotS. 117. Metlorlllw: -the people of Africa, who supplied Rome with

corn. 118. arco .•• tulcmatem: C minding nothing but the diveralons of

th,circU8 and the theatres.' 128 • .I1eerleelnM.: 'favorite boy.' 129. Conventm: 'districts.' ISO. Cet.Ro: 'like the harpy Celmno.' The governors' wives used

to receive money tiom the suitors, to induence their husbands in their Cavour.

181. Pico: Pic"" the first king of the Aborigitle. or first inhabi· \ tants of Italy, was said to be the Bon of Saturn.

182. Omnem ••• pugnam: all the 7itaM, who were arrayed in

batUe against Jupiter. -- - -186. 8i te ••• • eee,.e,: i. e. It you delight in putting the pOOr ~eo..

pIe to death, till the very axes are blunted by frequent use, and the ex· ~cutioner himself is tired out with the number of executions.

142. QuO: &C. jactal; c wherefore do you boast of your high birth?' 145. 8antonlco ••. cucullo: the Bantlme. were a people of Aqui·

tsnia, in Gaul, from whom the Romans derived the use of Modi or cotO", which covered the head and (ace.

146. p,.eter • •• carpento: on the Appian, Flarninian, and Latin ways. See Sat. i. 162, note.

Juvena! inveighs against the great men, who, in imitation of Nero, were passionately fond of becoming charioteers.

148. .I1d.tringit • .. • uJllam¥ne: the st.fflldmen or d,.ag·c1w.in was put on the carriage wheel by the slave, (but Damanppw, though con· sul, performs the office) to prevent its running too fast down bill, or sliding back, when going up bill.-.Mtdto implies his doing it often.

SATIRE VIIL 215

153. Virgtt •.. annuet: salute Bm with a de'iitttifiU8 of hii whip.-Maniplos: 'trusses of hay.'

liSEL .interefi • alttiTiti: i. his ahill{fation, wh{fn, aCfifiiding the ttitttom, hi.ifltuted by I:.fuma, Lit itffers iiiiiitfice at altar Jupitei~

156. Jurat • .. Epllnam: sc. per; Epllna or RippOna was a god-dess i ttlio priiilLiid OViiI horses mulfiI~ Her Iifitiies WitIii placeh in hI~Iiiii' stahltii~

159. Syrophomiz: 'a Syrophamician perfumer.' best ttost perfiittirs [tOm and I:.fhttttieia"

Hifl Fdumii{i •• pt{i~tI£: the hhf{mtIlaIf~ hiite Wii~I callit{i" becaUSii Titus and Vespasian enter~d it in triumph, having conquered the Jews.

Ihh" Oyl1.nt ~itieeinct{{·~· • activit Cyme;' the Wiiniifi whit kI:pt thf:tavettL

168. ThermiirUm eaUces: the thermte or hot-baths, at Rome, were placnit where some, after bathinb" drank vebf hant They also drank hot wlnn, whilf bnthinb: prOmt:fi: perspi£££ifktn.-Ptf55riptaqI£5 lintea over the doors of brothels, signs made of painted linen were spread.

170" Prcestare ••• ""tas: i. e. persons of Damarippus' age are capa-ple :t:trving the arttb for th:t £i55tectiiw :tf botk embt:t:t:t (Nt~ rDnem) and the empire.

175. Sandapildrom: Bandaplia was a sort of bier or coffin for the POOf£iI tort, e5p:tdalIy ti:ose had exe"tnIeP.

182. VOUS08 Brotumquc: 'the nobles or Rome.t

186. PhaBma Catulli: Catullus wrote a play called Phasma or Visitt5L

187. LaureoZum: Pbe name OZtii tragedy, An whi::k the bet:: P"iiureit" Ius, for some horrid crime, is cruciJied.-Lentulus: another of these prollihttte noblf:men.

IIi t. PianipfttZ5S: Plttty, who ttdid the ¥,ittte of :t:tiitante, calle¥' planipedes, as being bare-footed. -

lltii~ Quanti •• re¥,¥'t·Z i. e. it-:tpose th:tlt person:t I:: be PIft death DO mtttter for pric:t, these n:tFtftil run ht"t hazarh nf their ; thtt¥, do it voluntarily, nobody, therefore, will pity them.

H5t now sttlliittes th:t:::: noblett::n: who iiifed thf: p::rts of plif¥'iatottf~ lhjJi~ .NUllif • NeIOttf: in oHfsion the CIftf:fLy of fL;lit:f·O, wht

commanded 400 senators and 600 knights to fight in the amphitheatre. l:Ftii ~ Thymi57ifB: Snn hit. i: if¥'" ftote.-Tinrinthi: the namn :tf a low

JDim±«t and bn±±Ctftn.

216 NOTES.

200 • .M'tnniuom.: for an accoQnt of the gladiators, called minnillones and retiarii, see Note to 126th line, Sat. ii.

107. .8.urea • •• Bpira: c a golden wreath.' The spira was a band, fastened to the hat and tied under the chin; the band being of gold showed that he was no common gladiator.

209. 19nominiam: in fighting with the nobleman, who was 80 cowardly and inexperienced.

212. Senf-cam: L • .8.nntllw Seneca. See Class. Djct.· J13. Oujw: i. e. Nero',.-Debu.it ••• _u.s: acCQrding to the

lawa of the twelve ~ble8, a parricide w~ewn up in a sack with an 4/le. a lIIfPent, a cock IIIld a dog, and thrown into the sea. • The poet means, that Nero's many parricides deserved more than one death.

215. .8.gamemnonldt.ll: Orestes, the son of Agamemnon and ClytemDIIIIIItra, who slew his mother. Nero slew his mother Agrippina.

217. Nee • • • polluit: j. e. Orestes did not kill his sister Electra. as .Nero did his brother Britannicu.s.

218. Spartani • .• conjugii: i. e. Orestes did not slay bis wife, HermWne, as Nero did his wives Oc/atria, .8.ntonia, and Popptlla.

219 • .8.conlta ••• miscuit: Nero poisoned his brother Britannicus and his aunt Domitia.

220. Canta"it: Nero not only sung upon the stage, but journied to Greece to try his skill among the most famous artists.

221. ~ofca •• • scripBit: Nero wrote a poem on the destruetion of Troy; and it is reported, that he set Rome on fire to better realize the scene.- P'irginiw • . • V'mdfce Galba: V'U'gin.iw Ru!us, leader of the army of Germanicus, Juliw P'indez, pro-prmtor in Gaul, and Sanguis Sulpitiw Galba, prefect of Spain revolted from Nero. See Class. Diet.

223. cn.uld: for cr'tMUli. 226 • .8.pium ••• corDntll: a garland of parsley was the reward of the

best musician at the Nemman games. 227. Majoru.m • •• colo88o: the poet here addresses Nero. 228. Domla: the father and grand-jather of Nero were named

Domitim.-ThyesttB •.. .8.ntiglJnes: i. e. the dress which you wore, when you played in the tragedies called Thyestes and .8.ntigone.lJyrma: a long garment which tragic pla)ers used.

SATIRE VIII. 217

229. Per8iWUJm Menalippe8: i. e. the mask you wore, when you acted the part oC Menalippe.

230. Marmoreo ••• collos8o: Nero erected a collossal statue to Augustus and suspended from it the harp, which was adjudged him in the contest with the Grecian musicians. The statue, alluded to here, was, however of brcu8, not of marble.

231. Quid ••• mblimius: i. e. who can deny, that Catiline and (Jethegm were of noble birth?

235. 7Unlc4 •.• molesttJ: a coat, made of linen, pitch, hemp, and other combustibles, and put on criminals, who were chained to a stake and thus burned alive.

236. Consul: M. 7Ullius Cicero. 241. Leucil.de: • from Leucas,' a promontory of Epirus, near which

Augustus defeated Antony and Cleopatra. 245 • .R.rptflCU alius: C. Marius, bom at .R.rpinum, worked at the

plough for hire, in his own country. 247. NodiJsam • .• flitem: the Roman centurions carried a piece of

tough "ine-branch in their hands, with which they corrected the soldiers, when they did amiss. Marius had been a private soldier and had endured the chastisement of his officer.

250. Solus .•. Urbem: it was not alOne, that Marius conquered the Cimbri, but with the assistance of Q. Lutatius CatmulI, yet the glory of the war devolved on-him, ~ being the commander in chief.

252. MajOra cadaolra: the Cimbri were men of very large stature. 255. Pro totis ... parenti: the Romans had a ,superstition, that if

their generals would consent to be devoted to death or sacrificed to Jupiter, Mars, the Earth, and the Infernal Gods, all the misfortunes of their party would be transferred to their enemies. Two of the family of the Decii, tather and son, had devoted themselves to death for the good of their country.

259. .,qncilld ••• bonorum: Semus 7Ullius, though bom of the slave Oriculana, arrived at the honor of being the sixth king of Rome.

262. Juolnes ipsius comiUis: the sons of the first consul, L. Juniul Brutus. who conspired to reinstate the Tarquins.

264. CoclUe: Horatius Cocles. See Class. Dict.-Mucius: Milciw Scf.BfllJla. See Class. Dict.

265. Virgo: C'ltBlia. 19

~18

Oc~~~£i~~ ..• ~~nmI: £i£ndici""~,, slav~, ""ito wi,,;t~d at o""hearintt Pi"t of discmmie, arno'h the ~m"pirat¥"::: about restoration of the Tarquins, informed the consuls.

Th:::~/i?ies: basest the f/:~:::ks, d~g/,m::ed in !:ody. h~e Hom~':s Iliah 212.

273. lrifami . .. asglo: Romulus, to promote the peopling of the city, in it~ fi""t inf;:m;tt, estahii~hed ;;"yl~," san~z;;;;ry, wE;,;,,/: chmlnals kin;3~: mho esc::h" thithe;: mere sm;; Eo be

!:AYIRE

This Satire consists of a dialogue between Juvenal and Nevolus, an

/,;;r"ADchis;;r ,lave; oor w'''';'!:, wh;" r,om a of je,Z;;; or da in small wit for a meal, had become what is called a man of pleasure ; and thence, by a regular gradation, a dependant of some wealthy del;;;;;"hee nam;,; ttirro), ",ho mad::: him soh,orvient his u;;;"'f' ural passions: and, in return, starved, insulted, hated, despised, and discarded him. This miserable object the poet rallies with infinite spirit,

bis dise"o;;olate ;;ppearan;,n and, an a/fgZ;;d ignr:;;mce of cause, engages him to enter into a detailed account of his infamous life.

Orel';;T;;;U8 P,;EE ;;: a spemlzhrift, wh;, ffould ffff£ [",rrow mon;,y, thougb he offered triple interest for it.

7. Vemam equltem: slaves, who appeared in a style and manner their ,;;mditi;g, ;;ffere ";;i±,,d ve"n,,, "quite", gentle';;;ft;,s/4fJe,t,

Sallbgt . • • pom",ria: 'jesL, of a pobshed hind,' in con-tradistinction to the provincial, low-born jests of the common slaves.-P,;marium , buasi g""£ mU"";ll J was 'pace the w,n, of a ,;;,thin and "fthou;, where not t"wful to plllugh hllnd fo: of hindering the defence of the city: hence, by Metonymy, a limit or h"und, thY Zif:~it8 of dty. .

Sicen: e. nnE ,noisten,h with K,:::Ywned "'"tmen!,. 14. Quarta •. . febris ; a quartan ague and fever, which has lasted i,mg, it has, it we"" hecomn :5nmesti;;ftt:ftd.

G;"'y,,,eden g"ei8: statu, Ganh",,,de, in temhI" ,,( Peace, was, as well as the other places enumerated, a place of rendez

for !ill manne" iff lewd h"",,,ns.

SATIRE IX. 219

ZOo MatriB: Ogblle. 24. Pingues . .• lacernas ~ •. course great coats,-or cloaks.' 27. ~ue argentum .. light money, not of due and legal weight. 88. VOl h~llii .. • pardti: i. e. if you are so sparing of your lib-

erality towards those, who minister to your pleasures, such as you will hardly be generous to those, who want your charity, your attendants and poor clients.

34. Morbo: morbus, in a mental sense, denotes any odd humour, UDreasonable passion, or vice.

35. Passer .. it is said, that sparrows are the most salacious of all birds: hence he gives this title to Pirro.

36. Aliltlos ..• lassos: he represents Virro's estate to be so large, as to tire the kites in fiying over it.

38. Blupectum • •• Oumis: Mount Misenus hangs, as it were, over the city C'u11ltll.

This and mount Gaurus were famous for their vines. 43. OgmbiUa pulsantis: i. e. one of the GaUi, priests of Cybele. 50. Ezspectate cicadas.. i. e. wait for the spring. 59. 7'o;.1lis .. • you bring them up.'-Li1nis .•. tlin: Servius Tullius,

to fix the number of births and burials, ordered, that, when a child was born, the kindred should bring a piece of money into the /Z1'artum of Juno Lucina; and into the exchequer of Venus Libitina, when any died. The father was obliged to give notice of the birth ot" a child, and the child received its name within thirty days afterwlrds. , 60. Forlbus ••• es: it was usual, on all festal occasions and particu

larly on the birth of children, to hang garlands and wreaths at the doors. 62. Propter . .• capis: if a legacy was left to a single man, it was

void, by the Papian law: if to a married man, having no children, he could take but a part of it, the rest went to the public treasury. .

63. Oaducum: this was a legacy, left a person upon certain conditions, such as those of being married, having children, Stc.; in default of which the whole went to some other per~ons.

,64. Oommllda ... implev~ro: the jus, tnum liberorum entitled a man to various privileges and immunities; of which the principal were, an exemption from the trouble of wardship, a priority in bearing offices. and a treble proportion of grain on the customary distributions.

This was the case, if the parents lived in Rome; if they lived elsewhere in Italy, they were to have five childreD.; if in any of the Roman

220 NOTES.

provinees, set!etl were neeessary to enable them to claim the advantage oC the jWl mum liberOf'Um. .

76. ONria Martis .!ltlilnis,' the judges oC the eourt oC .!lreopitgus gave their suffiages, by night, and in silenee, by eharaeters, and alpha. betiealletters; and it was a eapital crime to divulge the votes, by which any sentence was past.

77. 00rfldon,' Juvenal humorously styles HtI1tlolus, this paramour of old Virro, Oorydon, in allusion to VIRG. Eel. ii. 1,2.

87. BaZtea,' straps made ofleather, with which the masters eorreet· ed their slaves, in revenge for which, there was nothing whieh the slaves would not invent against their masters.-Delrit, deerit, in this line, and in line 105, is eontracted, by the figure SyntBre:ris, into two syllables.

92. Faciens, 'sacrificing.'-Latifella, a priestess of Ve.ia .. who,in celebrating the rites of the Bona Dea, together with the women wor· shippers, drank herself into drunken fury.

108. Qui .•. caput: by this periphrasis a~e described those unnatural wretches, who dressed their heads, like women: who, if they wanted to seratch them, gently introdueed one finger only, (or Cear oC discomposing their hair'.

117. Fabricius,' when O. Fabricius was cen8or, he adjudged Oom. Ruffi7l'lJ.8, a senator who had twiee been consul, unworthy of the senatorial dignity, becaus~ he had in ais house silver vessels oC ten pounds weight, esteeming it at a notorious example ofluxury.

118. Mresorum,' the Mresians were remarkably robust and therefore in great demand at Rome, as chairman 0)' carriers of sedans.

120. ON",us, 'skilful.' 123. Ham • •• surdo,' i. e. fortune is deaf to all petitions on my be

half •. This is expressed by an allusioll to the story of UlY83eB, who, saillDg

by Sicily and being forewarned of the danger of listening to the Sirens on the eoast, stopped his mariners' ears with wax, .and so sailed by thl!m securely.

SATIU X.

The subject of this Satire is the Vanity of Human Wishes. The {loet takes his stand on the great theatre of the world and summons be-

SATIRE X. 221

fore him the illustrious characters of all ages. As they appear in succession, he shows, from the principal events of their lives, how little happiness is promoted, by the attainment of what our indistinct and bounded views represent, as the most perfect of earthly blessings. Of these he instances wealth, power, eloquence, military glory, and personal accomplishments; all which have, as he abserves, proved dangerous or destructive to theil' respective possessors. From hence, he argues the wisdom of acquiescing in the dispensations of Heaven; and concludes with a form of prayer, in which he points out, with great foree and beauty, the objects for which a rational being may presume to approach the Almighty.

Juven;!1 seems, in the composition of this Satire, to have had in his thoughts Plato's second Dialogue of .Bkibiades and Persius' second Satire: he has, however, taken nothing from them, but the general idea; the filling up is entirely his own.

I. Gadibus: Gades, now Oadiz, is an island beyond the streights of Gibraltar, to the south of Spain. The ancients supposed it to be the e~tremity of the west whence the inscription, NE PLUS ULTRA, on the pillars of Hercules.

2. Gangen: the greatest river in the east, dividing India into two parts.

S. 7bgd ... militu!: the toga, says Cicero, is the badge of peace. In time of Peace, situations in the administration of civil affilirs are

sought for; in time of war, posts of command in the army; each oC which are often attended with damage to those who had eagerly sought them.

10. Mortijlra .•. facundia: Demosthenes and Cicero both came to violent deaths.- Vir¥buB .•• con/buB: .Milo, the Crotonian \vrestler. See Class. Dict.

n. Periit; this line is thus scanned, ConCH sUs peri-j it ad.j miran·1 disque la-j certis. The it in periit is made long by the Cmsural pause. IS. Ouncta ••. census: i. e. an income beyond the rate of a com.

mon fortune.

15. Tempor¥bus . •• cohor,: the construction is, Igitur tota cohors, illis diris temporibus, jt"'u Neronis, clausit Longinum et magna. horlo. prtBditritis 8enecfB, otc.

. 19-

222 NOTES.

16. LmgfftUm: Nero ordered CaBBim Longinu8 to be put to death, because he had in his possession a statue of 0tJ8BiU8, one of the murderers of Julius ClIl8lIr; but the real cause was, that he was rich.-SenICtll: tutor to Nero, supposed to be engaged in Piso's conspiracy; but put to death in consequence of his great wealth. See Class. Dict.

17. LateraniJrum tBde8: Plautim Lateranu8 h~d a sumptuous palace, in which he was beset by order of Nero, and killed so suddenly, that he had not a moment's time to take leave of his children and family. He had been designed consul.

The Pope's palace, called the Lateran, is built on the site of this edifice.

18. Oamacllla: literally, places to sup in; as the ancients used to sup in the highest part of the house, it is put here for a garret, where paupers lodged.

lID. Oontum: a pole, anned at one end, such as highwaymen used to carry. A boatman's pole is also called contus.

24. Toto . .. fOJ'o: the senators and other rich Romans had chest. of brass, in the forum of Mars, to hold and preserve their money: but these, having once been l'obbed, they removed to the temple of Castor. These chest8 were also kept in theforom of Trojan.

Some think, the,poet alludes to murers, who transacted their business in the fort,m.

28. Jamne .•• auctor: i. e. do you now think much about wealth or ostentation, (quod) which caused one philosopher to laugh, another to weep ~-Sapientlbm alter: Democr.tus, a philosopher of .Ilbtkra. who always derided the vanity of man.

SO. Oontrarim alter: Heraelltm, a philosopher of Ephlsw, who acted cOtltrary to Democritu8 and wept for the folly of man.

S5. TrabetB: robes, worn by kingl!, consuls, and augurs.-7nbtlnGl> a seat in theforum, in the form of a half-moon, from which the judges passed sentence. At the uPP41r part was placed the sella curtlliB, on which the prtBtor' sat.

S6. Quid.. the poet now derides the figure, which the prtBtor made, when presiding at the Circensian games.-OItmbm: triumphal cars, which were drawn by four white hQTSes.

S8. Tun¥cd Joci8: those, who triumphed, wore a hmic or garment, which, at other times, was kept in the temple of Jupiter.-8arnitua; Sarra. was the ancient name of 'l'yre, famous for its purple dye.

SATIRE X. 223

41. PubllCfl8: sc • • erm,,; the Romans had public, as well as pri:' vate servants, who attended them on such occasions as the"""ThIs servant aSsisted in holding up the heavy crown oC the prtMor.-Con. lui . .• eiJdem: the ancients had an institution, that a Blalle should ride in the same chariot with a comul, when he triumphed, and should admonish him to recollect that he waa a man.

As the prtStor is here represented as triumphing, the word comul is used.

48. J"oliJcrem ..• ebumo: the eagle with expanded wings, which the triumphant pr.etor held, on the top of his ivOry sceptre.

44. PrtScedentia • • • officia: for langum a."amen oflidi cama ;' these were the great man's dependants, who, on this occasion, marched in solemn. procession before the chariot.

45 • ./Villeo • ••• Quirt/e,: in triumphal processions, citizens, clad in white, w~ked by the side of the chadot.

46. DefoBBa ••• amlco,: • whom the sportula, buried in his coWers, (and not sincere attachment,) has made his friends.' _

47. Tunc: Democritus in his time. 50. Vero«cum ... naaci: the Blllotians, Thracian" and particular.

ly the people of .Ilbdlra, a city oC Thrace, were noted for stupidity. 52. FortfintS • •. laqueum: mandare laqueum alicui, is a phrase

somewhat like, go hang yourself. 5S. Medium . •. unguem: to hold out the middle finger, the rest

being contractedJ was significant of the utmost contempt. 55. Propter • •• deorum: it was customary with the ancients to

write their vows on paper or waxen tablets, and, sealing them up, to affix them to the knees of the gods with WIU: they used also to spread wax on the mees of the image, and thereon write their wishes. The knees were considered the seat of mercy. ,

The gods permit us to ask, but the consequences of having our peti· tions answered are often Catal.

56. Quo.dam: the poet now passes to honor" and, by examples, shows that, like riches, they prove the destruction of many.

58. paglna: pagina, in its proper and literal sense, signifies a page of a book, but here, a plate of brass, fixed before- the statues of eminent persons, containing all their titles and honors.-Re.temque .equuntur: things dragged by rope. are Bllid .equi restem.

Dig't>LedbyGoogle

224 NOTES.

The populace pulled down all the statues of SejanuB, to please the emperor, with whom this prime minister was in disgrace, and . dragged them about the streets of Rome.

69. Ipsa, • .• Sejiinus: some of the statues of SejanuB were on horseback; others in a triumphal car, drawn by two horses: all which were broken to pieces, the very chariots and horses demolished, and, if made of brass, carried to the fire and melted.

63. Facie . .. secunda: Bejanus was so favored by 7iberiUB, that he raised him to the highest diguity, next himself. .

65. Pone . •. trahat: the words of the populace, Irlumphing over 8ejanus and flattering Tiberius.-Lauroll: it was usual to adorn their houses with ~rlands oflaurel on any public occasion of joy.

66. Oretatum: beasts, sacrificed to the celestial gods, were white; those to the Infernal deities, were blaek.-Dudtur . •. spectandus : criminals were dragged by a hook to the 8call11 Gemonitll and thrown into the Tiber. The body of BejanuB was exposed three days at the 8caltB Gemonil11, before it was cast into the river.

The 8call11 Gemonil11 was a place appointed ~ither for torturing criminals or for exposing their bodies after execution. It was' on ·Mount Aventine, and there were several stepB which led up to it.

71. VerblJsa ..• CapreiB: Tiberius; while at Capretll, an island on the coast of Naples, was informed, that BejanuB had a design upon the empire: on which he wrote a long and pompous epistle to the senate, who had SejanuB seized and punished.

73. Turba Remi: ' the commons.' 74 • .IVil.rsia Tuseo: Sejanus was a Tuscan, born at Voiscinium,

where the goddess J\oursiu (the same as Fortune) was worshipped. 77 • .Il.ugustum: 'emperor.'-E:II quo ••. tJendlmuB: the poorer

sort of plebeians used to sell their votes to the candidates' for public offices, before Julius Cl11sar took from the people the right of electing their magistrates.

78. Ejfadit: sc. populus; have dismissed all care and concern about tbe state, and the election of officers.

80. Contfnet: 'withhold itself from all concerns of state.' 83 • .Bn~tidiu8: BruUdiuB .Niger, the redile and rhetorlcian, a great

'Criend to Sejanus. 84. JTwtUB ••• .Il.jaz: alluding to the story oC .Il.jaz (to whom the

emperor is compared), who, being overcome in his dispute with Ulyssetl

SATIRE X. 22f)

concerning the armour of Achilles, ran mad with grief, and vented hiB anger upon the cattle of the field.

86 • .Maze defensuB: I badly supported by the senate.' 88. Cerz,lce obstrictd: those, who were dragged to punishment, had

a chain or halter, fastened about the neck. 9!. CUrille.: the ivory chairs of state, in which PrtBtOT', JEdile.,

and other high magistrate" were carried, put here for the offices themselves.

94. Grege Chaldtso: Tiberius, at Capree, was surrounded by a band of Ohaldtsan astrologe[8, and was guided by them in all his affiIirs of state.-Pila: javelins, with which the Roman foot soldiers were armed; as if the poet had said,-" Do you wish to be an ollicer, to ha,oe soldiers under your _command? "-90horte8: a cohort was the tenth part of a legion. The dignity of a Tribune of the soldiers is intended.

95. Oastra domest¥ca: the same as castra PrtBtoria. '-100. Potesta8: 'the magistrate.' 101. De mensilrd ••• mdt/is: an a;dile was an inferior officer, who

had jurisdiction over weights and measures; and was authorized to break them, if they were not just.

There were two kinds of mdiles, (strickly speaking, indeed there were three) the Ouru/e and the Plebeian: the first were officers of considerable power; it is of the second kind, that Juvenal hllre speaks.

103. Ergo • •• rulnts: here. the poet dra~s a conclusion, from ~hat had been said of Sejanm, that few are wise enough to distinguish true good from evil.

105 . .lVbmerosa •.• tabulata: I was building for himself a tower of many stories.'

107. PrtBCep8: ~ubstantively for prtBcipitium. Ruperti construe~ ruints in the dative.

108. IUum: O. Julim OtBsar. 109. Flagra: while Rome enjoyed her freedom, slaves only, not

'Roman citizens, were permitted to be beaten with scourge,. 112. Genlrum Oerlris: Pluto, who fook away and married Pro,

erpine, the daughter of Oeres~ 114. Eloquium: the poet now shows, by the examples of 1Jemo.

thenes and Cicero, that eloquence is equally pernicious. 115. QuinqUatr¥bu8: the Quinquatria were festivals in honour of

.Minerz,a, the goddess of arts and sciences: they lasted five day" during which time the school-boys had holydays.

226 NOTES.

116. Quilquil . .. .Minertlam: i. e. one who has only commenced his first elements. The youngest tyro, who has, as yet, only paid one /lingle (JIJ to the master.-.Minenlam: by Metonymy for science itself.

122. 0 fortUniJ.tam ••• Roman: a verse of Cicero, notorious Cor its vanity and i11-~unding numbers. .

Dryden, in his translation, has made it exceedingly ridiculous,.. Fortune foretuned the dying notes of Rome,

Till I, thy consul sole, consoled thy doom." 125. Philipp~ca • •• prorima: Cicero wrote fourteen orations against

Antony, (ca1\ed Philippics, as imitating Demosthenes in freedom of language,) of these the second is the most elaborate and abounds in the severest invectives.

126. Vollllns: the books of the ancients were roIled up in volumes of paper or parchment: this famous Phillippic stood second in the volume.-Rlum: Demosthenes, who poisoned himselfto avoid falfmg into the hands of .I1ntipIJ.ter.

130. Pater, the father of Demosthenes is said to have been a cutler

at Athens. 132. Uteo: dirty with soot and smoke.-Others explain it by flatlO,

as denoting the colour of the fire;. but luteus, in this sense, has the first syllable long.

133. ExulJitB • .. tropfBis: all spoils taken from a conquered enemy, were ca1\ed exutlitll. The trophy was a monument erected in memory of victory: the custom came from the Greeks, who, when they had routed an enemy, suspended the spoils of al1llour and other ensigns of victory from the trunk of a tree, called tropOJum (from .. tl ..... to turn), a monument of their having turned the enemy to flight.

186. CaptltlUB ••• arcu: on the top of the triumphal arch, which was built upon these occasions, they made some wretched captive place himself, bemoaning his wretched fate, while the conque~rs were exulting in their victory.

145. Sterllil .. . ficu.s: the :wild fig-tree, springing up spontaneously near walls and monuments, and shooting its roots and branches between the joinings of the stones, totally overturns them In course of time.

147. Ez:pende Han.nibiJ.iem: put Hannibal in the scales, weigh his ashes and see how light they are: i. e. place him in the scales of human ~atness.

SATIRE X. 227

149. Mlo ••. tepenti: bordering on the N'lIe, which is called tepid, as being near the torrid zone.

150. Rur8t18 ••• popflloB: then extending to the country of the ..Ethiopisns.

lOS. Didileit •.. /Kilo: around such reeks, as obstructed his passage, he piled large trees, and, setting them on fire, poured tlinegar on the rocks, as they became red; and thus the rocks were split and calcined, and he was enabled to remove or cut a passage through them.

Pliny says, that the hardest rocks may be split with fire and vinegar. This story, however, is rejected as fabulous.

156. Suborct: one of the pl'incipal streets of Rome, put here for the city itself.

157. Quali digna tabelld: 'what a ridiculous picture he would have made.'

lOS. GmiIla ••• lmeum: when he was entering Tuscany, the .Bnio was overtlown with incessant rains, and the country was so flooded, that he was three days and nights, marching through the wet, in which aituation he lost many of his army, and all his elephants but one: here, by damp and fatigue, he lost the use of one of his eye,.

161. (]liens .•• tyranno: a dependant on PrusiaB, king of Bunynia, he visited him every morning to salute him as his patron, and was obliged to git and wait at the door of his palace, till the king saw fit to admit him •

. 165. Vindez •• . ann11l1l': at CanfllB, he is said to have taken above three busheJs of rings from the dead bodies.of the Romans. One ring containing poison, he always carried with him, and by means of which he finally perished.

168. Pellmo juvlni: Alexander the Great was bom at Pella, a city of Macedon, and died of a fever at Babylon, occasioned by excessive drinking.

170. GyartB •• : Seripho: two of the CycliUle" islands in the Al:gean sea, to which criminals were banished.

171. .Figfllis ••. 1Irbem: Babylon was surrounded by a wall oUrick, of an immense height amI thickness.

174. Velificaws .Btnos.' .Btnos is a mountain in Macedon, moning like a peninsula into the Egean sea. Xerzes is said to have digged through a part of it to make a passage for his fleet.

228 NOTES.

1'71i. ~lItum ••• mare: Xerxes is said to have had 12,000 ships with him in his expedition, and with them to have formed a bridge from &,to. to .lJ.bgdo., over which the army, chariots, horses, &C. passed, u if the sea had been solid under them.

1'7'7. DefeciBse ••. pra7idente: it is said, that the army of Xeaes was 80 numeroUB, as to drink up a river at once, wherever it stopped.Medo: the army of Xerxes consisted of Medes and Persians.

178. Madtdil .•• SostrdtuB: the fancy of a poet is compared to wings with which he soars into the region of invention. The fancy of &,tratuB (a poet, who described the Persian expedition), to produce such improbabilities, is supposed to be moistened with wine.

179. Ille •.• relicti!: Xerxes, after the defeat of bia naval forces, near Saldmil, by Themistocles, immediately fled in a poor fishing.boat.

180. Oorum .•. EnnosigtBum: when Xerxes found his bridge of boats shattered by a tempest, he ordered the Hellespont to be scourged with three hundred lashes, and fetters to be cast into the sea. Hero· dotus also relates the story, but says nothing of the teinds being scourg· ed.-Ennoaig_m: • the earth.shaking Neptune.'

183. Stigmdte: stigma signifies a brand or mark impressed upon the foreheads of fugitive slaves.

185. Oruentis: by the slaughter of such vast numbers of the Per· sians by the Athenian commander.

188. Da spatium: the poet now satirizes the folly of wishing for long life.

192. Deformem pro cute pellem: • insteall of a smooth skin, an un· sightly hide.'

-194. Quale, ..• Tabr~ca ••. buccd: Tabraca, now 7Unil, a city in the maritime part of Lybia, near which was a thick wood, abounding in apes.

200; Inermi: • toothless.' 205. OitharQldw: this wnrd denotes that species of musician, who

sang, and played the harp at the same time.-Seleucus •.• laumd: SeleltCUB was a noted musician, who, like all his profession, wore a ricb embroidered garment, when he exhibited on the stage.

214. llippia: a woman, noted for her debaucheries. 215. Them¥Bon: the name of some physician. 216. BaB¥luB: sOme prICtor, probably, who shamefully plundered

(.ocio.) the people ofbia province.-llifTW: the name ofsomefiaudulent guardian.

SATIRE X. 229

21"1. Po.aidea' •••• 0n4kt: a.ua4mus, the fceedmaD. and barber of Augustus.

231. Carclre fornlcis: c the prison of a brothel.' 238. Rtz Pylim: Nestor, king of Pylos. 289. PitIB ••• seCURdtB: the eroto is fabled to live nine times the

age of a man. Nestor, says the poet, stands second to this long-lived bird.

241. Deldr4 e8mptltat: the ancients counted by their fin$ers; the numbers under a hundred on the fingers of the left hand; from one to two hundred, on those of the right; and so on, alternately.

242. Quique ••• bibit: i. e. who has lived so many autumns and tasted the produce of so many vintages.

244 • .Mmio de ,tamlne: L e. the thread of life was spun out to too great a length.

245. Ardentem t upon the funeral pile. . 249. Alius: Laerle., king of llAaea, the father of Ulysses. 250. Ad umbras .I1BBar4ei: I to the sepulchre of his ancestors.' See

Assaraeus, Class. Dict. 253. Etlbe pia,..: it was customary to hire women to moum at

funerals, who went before the corpse, to lament the dead. 254. &iB.d ••. pallti: rellding the garments, in. token of grief, was

very ancient. 255. Dioer.o • • • earlnas: i. e. before Paris had made preparations

for sailing to Greece. 258. .I111iam: .I1sia Mmor, subject to the empire of Priam. 259. 7\"emtllus: Priam, now trembling and almost wom out with

old age. 260. Rait ••• JON: see Virgo ,;En. ii, 609. 263. Tonm .•• uzor: Hecuba, the wife of Priam, is said to have

been ehanged into a bitch. 265 • .I1d M.tro.: to examples among our own people.-Regem .••

Ponti: Mithridates. 2.66. 0..12_ ••• flitl2: o..l2BUB was the last king of Lydia and pro

verbially rich. He asked Solon, the Athenian lawgiver, who was the happiest man? The philosopher told him, .. no man could be called happy before death." This afterwards Crmsus found to be true; for being taken by Cyrus and ordered to be bumed; he cried out, .. Solon! Solon! Solon!" Cyrus asked the reason of this and was told what

20

230 NOTES.

Solon had remarked: whereupon, considering, it migbt be hi. own case, he spared his life and treated him with much respect.

268. EzBilium . •• habldre: the loug life of C. Mati.,. was attended with innumerable miseries. Being conquered by Sylla, he fled to the ma,.,1IIl. of .Minttlml:8, a town of old Latium, where he was taken and thrown into prison: but, escaping thence into Mrica, he was obliged to beg his bread through the streets of Carthage. He afterwards returned to. Rome, on the departure of Sylla to the Mithridatic war, and becomiug consul, then for the seventh time, died in a Cew months. having amply revenged himself upon his enemies.

272. Si. • • ct.WI'U: i. e. if Manus had died immediately after his triumph over the Teutone. and Cimbri.

218. Pomp4: the a in pomp,,", in this line, is preserved from elision. 276. Protitda • •• Campania: before the civil war between Pompey

and Cmsar, the former laboured under two violent fevers, one at Naples and the other at Campania. Campania is therefore called prooida, because, if the fever had killed Pompey, it would have prooided again8t all his after misfortunes, and the dire consequences of a civil war.

281. Fof"mtJm optat: the poet now satirizes tbtloUy of parents, who wish so anxiously for beauty in their children.

286. BuRZ.: ButiZa was an ugly hump-backed old-woman, io Juvenal's days, upwards of seventy-seven years of age, as Pliny saY8.

287. Suam: sc. fa.eiem. 290. Sancto •••• Sabino.: i. e. though a family, simple and honest,

may have furnished him with the purest morala, such as those, for which the ancient 8abines were distinguished.

296. Non .•• vim; i. e. it is impossible for them to be men, if they are handsome, since those endowed with beauty are generally effeminate.

800. Ha:e: PluBdf"IJ, the step-mother of Hippolytus, was the daugbter of Minos, king of Crete.

801. Sthenobflla; see Bellerophon and 8thenobrea, Class. Diet. 804. Cui ••• de.tlnat: Me •• allna, the wife of the emperor Claudi

us, so doated upon SiZim, a noble Roman, that sbe obliged him to put away his wife Julia 8yllana, and resolved to be married to him. herself, in the absence of the emperor, who had gone no farther, than to Oatia, a city near the.mouth of the Tiber.

SATIRE XI. 231

309. Rim •.. IJfItJquo: at marriages, a portion was given by the wife to the husband, in consideration of the burden of matrimony.

310. SigRatorlbm auspell:: on all such occasions, a sootkllayer used to attend, and nothing of importance, either public or private, was anciently undertaken, without his advice.-The lignatoTeswere a kind of public notariell, who drew up, signed, sealed, and attested willa, deeds, marriage settlements, and the like.

814. Seelus ••. admittas: of marrying another man's wife. 315. Princ'lpU: the emperor Claudius •. 829. Ditllna: all things, belonging to the gods or appertaining to

sacrifices, were called moine. 382. ~atium • •• cztrtmum: spatium tdtimum or ell:tremum, in

charlot and horse racing, signifies the space'between the last bound and the goal, where the race ended. Hence, metaphorically, it denotes the latter part oC life.

836. pltt,m(t Sardanapiili: • the downy bed,-or eJfeminacy of Sardanapalus ;' he was the last king of Assyria, whose life was such a scene of luxury and effeminacy, that his subjects held him in the utmost contempt. and at last revolted: having been overcome, he erect· ed a pile, and burned himselftogether with all his valuable effects.

840. Fori1Jna Deam: the Greeks had many temples erected to For· tune. Ancus Martius and Servius Tullus, were the first among the Romans, who bullt temples to this goddess.

This Satire has been imitated by Dr. Johnson, in his poem, entitled, " The vanity of human wishes."

SATIRE XI.

This Satire consists principally of an invitation to Persicus, the poet's friend, to spend -the day with him; in the course of which, be takes occasion to expose and reprehend in the severest terms all manner of intemperance and debauchery; but, more particularly, the luxury, }1Sed by the Romans, at their feasts.

1 • .I1ttICUB! the name 18 here used for any person of great wealth. I. Butllus: used here for any P!lrson, who, by extravagant gluttony,

has been reduced to poverty.

NOTES.

8. .8jIieiuI: .8pieitu was a DOted epiCllfe in the time oC Nero: after having spent near 800,000 pounds in luxurious living, he poisoned himself, while he had 80000 poundsleR, Cor Cear or wan!ing a meal.

8. 1ikriptfn'U ••• ltJftille: i. e. to copy out the laws, rules, words oC command (~gia verba), and other matters oflmow1edge, necessary to make him a fencer, that he may be thoroughly qualified Cor «he art.

14. awful: • dainties to please their taste.' 18. Land'*' opposJliI: • Camily-plate being pawned.'-Matri8 •••

./i'a.ct4: a famDy bust or statue, broken to pieces, that it may Dot be lmown, and pawned for the value oCthe gold or .DverODly.

20. Xllcella"ta IwU: • the diet of a prize. fighter.' 22. Yentidio: a noble and hospitable Roman. 28. Blum ••• lGCeWuI' the poet meana, If a man bas sense enough

to distinguish the aile of Atlas from that oC inferior mountains, but, at the same time, cannot distinguish between his own narrow circumstances and the Cortunes of the rich, 80 as to replate hill living accordingly, he is deserving of the utmost contempt.

34. OurtiUl: Ourtiu Motatat&u., a IIWl oC very moderate abilities. -..Mat/&o : a person of Tery inferior abilities, who, not succeeding at the bar, turned 'PY and mformer_Buu/8: 'or a Curtius and Matho, mere sound.'

40. F_1SriI ••. grain,,: by af'geflti graft. (joined with ftmoril, which signifies intere.t upon money lent) the priN;ip4l money itself may be understood. Or the epithet graftr may here signify the but silver money, in contradistinction to the tetw. argettNm, _ UeuAo

tUB, <te. Many interpret af'genti grGflil, silver in the rude beavy mass. 43." .ann~U",: a ring was a mark of honour and distinction, wom by

-the Roman knights. 45. LtAzuritll: to gluttons and spendthrifts. 48. FtBfIISriI auctor: • the money-lender.' 49. YerMre .olum: vertlre .olum signifies • to lUll one's country.' 60. Cedlre ••• Sub41r4: i. e. to IUD away from Rome for debt is so

common, that there i. no more discredit in it, than changing the bot street of the SIIl/ura, for the cool air of the E.quililm hill.

61. EI'andrum: Evander, a king of Arcadia, who, having accidentally slain his father, possessed himself of the place, where Rome was afterwards buDt. He 'entertained HereuU' and hospitably received .lEneas, when he landed in Italy.-7tryntlrius: Alcmena, the

SATIRE XI. 233

mother 01 Hereule., was born at 7VytaI, a city of Pelop0DDi8l11: he was therefore called 7trynthiul.-.Minor .•• hoqe.: .Eneu, inferior in birth.

68 • .81ter aquiB: .lIi:neu was drowned in the .I\'WAict.u, a river of ltaly.-.llUer jIamrAla: Here"," burned himself to death on Mount cEta.

74. 0d0riI ••• recentiB: i. e. smelling at fresh at if they were just gathered.

76 • .It.1ttmmum: sc. ftlccum; • the autumnal juice' of the- apple, which is crude and apt to 01l"end the stomach.

76. Ourim: eurius Dentitus. 80. Complde j018or: slaves, who had committed certain edmes,

were put in irons, and made to dig in mines, or in the nelda, or in stollequarries.

81. Vul"4 poplfl48: the paps of a BOW with young, together with a part of the belly, cut 011" from the animal, and dressed with proper seasonings, was a favourite dish among the Romans. Another favourite dish wu the womb of a BOW with young.

82. 8iui terg4 81M: • a ftiteh of bacon.' 85. Eli qtACIm ••• ho.M: if any of the flesh of the victim, oft'ered in

sacrifice, remained, it was.prized, at an accidental rarity. 86. ComtUiB ••• fumtm: alluding probably 'to 0uriUI Dent4tm. 89. Erectum: • thrown over his shoulder.' 95. 7hjuglni.: • the Roman nobles,' many of whom boasted of

their being descended from the ancient Troja.",.. 96. Kudo lc&Ure: their couches had plain and o~ sides, or

sides which had no backs, rising from them, to lean ~on for their ease. 97. J7"1le... ueUi: the head of an ass, crowned with clusters of

grapes, was cast in brass, and fixed upon the front of their couches, as a provocative to hilarity and good fellowship.

103. Ct.elat4 ••• ho,ti: i. e. the soldier, having found some large pieces of plate, with the designs of the wolf, which suckled Romulus and Remus, of Romulus and Remus, and of Mars,hovering over the chlldren, and protecting them, wrought upon them, broke out the figures and wtened them to his helmet, that he might exhibit them to the eyes ofa vanquished enemy.

109. 7\uco ••• catino: i. e. earthern ware, which was made at Aretum, a citj of 7\uC4nY.

20*

234 NOTTS.

111. Voz .•. nOB: alluding to the history of M. C",ditius, a plebeian, who ,,:quainY::d thz: t:;bunz::, that, he was p:n:::ing teW1'lZ: of Vesta, at midnight, he heard a voice, louder than human, saying, "The :daub ;::e co:::Ing," wdich cowm::nded rum :ell b:: magi:fmtes of this, that they might be wemed the impendieg dang,,:.

114. H'u: i. e. by the gods, who acted prophetically towards the liom::::eo

116. FidlliB .•• Jup'tter: 'the image of Jupiter, made of clay.' 121'0 Lato: • eb:::': ':mf::ss thd: ro:m<l tabk::: are on fo o:ge

pedestals ofivory.' 1240 Porta SytneB: Syine was the metropolis of an island of the

:ame thi: ;:fand w::s called Ino":}" Ef:,:hanh:c£, from the number of its elephants. Porta is here put, as denoting Syene to be :he d:::::: thr ::::Ih whtd:, frew the i:f:.::d, pase::ge lag into and thence to Rome.

125, Mauri o· many elephants came from Mauritania.-Indus: the lnrgest ::leph:mf:: came from IfnZia.

126. Depo8uit ..• bellua: elephants shed their teeth. 132, Tesse£<lr:: pmhebly, :lee Sqn::ff:S of:e ::hess hf:ard.'-Calcii,£tLf:

, chess-men.' 137, Trypheri: TrypheTus was eminent for his skill in carving,

which.h:: taugh: in a ymblic ::hool. 141. Ulmea crena: Trypherus had all kinds of provisions for a feast,

f::ade ::f WOOff, the h:st mel:rial leach;'h his :fohola:fo 142. Latus .Ilfrre ••• avis: the wing of a turkey;' this bird came

f::::f:~~:; :f~o;;~~r£:~ ~~~:~om" Phrygl:u: and Lyciau :keves Lfere

in great demand among the Roman nobility. 148, lif:tln;; as mh hoy ;f:::lersb:::;]: no :::her IU££:huage, 149. Tons. rectique capilli: and not long and curled, like the fash

i;:nabl,; waiters, 160. ;lllstan in CT'Ti£UB: lhese we fe, p:z;T;ahJy, ehells,

gether, as they danced.-Cum verbis: 'with obscene songs.' 163, liaced:ff:ffIOnif£f:: ••• 0,bem It:et:Zg::ans. w::re ::::fy fond fff

fine pavements or floors, made of marble and inlaid with various kinds f:t it; s:mffDg th;, rest; :::me ;f·::me frfm:. Sparta, in small round forms, which mere in::e:ted their p::fper E'if::fes bE' way ::rnam::::t .

. r::, 01"

SATIRE XII. 236 179. Megalesidcm • •• mappm:,. at the Circensian and MegaleBian

games, +.hey hung uut Lowzz£, to zhow, thaL the zpnrts weru about to be±<fn. Nero introdnced this custom; for, hearing as hu sat nt dinner, how impatiently the people expected his coming, he threw out at the winhow the tnwel with which hewfped his handz, to plue thu pez'hle notice, that he had dined, and would soon be at the circus. From that timn, thu behiz,ninh of me hnwes was zmnzwnceh by hzmginh' ont a towel. The Megalesian games were in honour of Oybele, who was ca)]ud Ich£:an, .fkom lila, muuntain of Phryhizz, whnre ,he was ,Z!iirshilzped' hence her festival was called ldoJum 801emne.

184. V"tr¥dis • •• panni: the four padles, which ran chariot, rae" in the nircu" WLZAZ z£zAZ£sed in dif£erex,t liv",ies, viz. h,een, !'US,,,,, ""xe, and white. One of these parties was always favored by the court, and, at Hliz3 ti",,,, xx:x"st dzrxbahld, thz: gr,"x'Z'X.

192. Togam: i. e. the Romans, crowding to the games.-Balnea Z,extxIZZ'X: me R',maxx, attz,nded to thlir 'IZUal husirzz,zs, nZ,In,

that is, the sixth hour, and then, to the ninth hour, our three o'clock, in. the aftemoon, they exrz,cisud and hathrz," thzzmse£:zz,s, w,d fitrzn wrzxxt to thzzir:zzrzals.

To do these, sooner than the appointed hours, was allowed only on kestinal d"dS, to Z":rso",. ageh a::,l inkh:::z. 'fo seen goinh to the baths before the appointed hour was reckoned effeminate.

lh,$., F"tlr,: hoc e. £,'eqnt'::t f:,,,,ts end in i Ez,nez,.

Tl:z, p:tz,f, h:,uing i::vit:z£ C:t,uin::£ to ,:,sist :,t a sacrifice, which he intended to offer up by way of thanksgiving for the safety of his friend Catc,Eus f::tm d:":her, z,f thu sea:, proff,sse, his di,intezt'ste,f::ess ::n the occasion, and from thence takes an opportunity to satirize the Hm,£dehet:e, Lz'±Z:,cy,hunt:,zs, who ft:zLtereh anh paid their ::OUzW to men, in hopes of becoming their heirs.

1. (Jo::nne, fri",:d of h uv£:z,al, wfzrxm sa f,e i, :,ddrrz:sed, 3. hieg"z(]J: to J n::o, ,£,,:,en of the gods, 4. Pugnanti Gorgone .lYIaura: i. e. hiinerva, Who is fahled bz"r hi,: shi::ld thz, he:,:l of ,l,ledl1:::. hee (;£::8S. 'Diet.

:r 01

6. 2lIrpeio ••• .Toei: on the M0ri8 Capitok""', othenriae eall.ed the fbrpeia" AilI, was a temple, aacred to Jupiter.

'T. ntlsPM mGtortU ~ beasts were reckoned of a proper age and IIize for aacrlfice, when the tail reached the joint in the hinder leg.

S. Spargeftllwque mtro: at the 8Ileri1ices, wine was poured on the 1mada of the victims, between the homa.

11. BispuIl4: a very corpulent lady, noted for her lewclness.-2'tIurtI8: 'a white bull 'WU UJrually 8Ilcriftced to Jupiter.

is. Clitumni: 'a tiver dividing Tuscany and Umbda~ 19. BubltU8 • •• igtIiI;- L e. a flash of Iightblng struck the sail-yards

and eet them on fire. 22. Omnia ••• pollRca ••• tmlpeltlZl: i. e. even the faney of a

poet could not picture any thing mote horrible. 24. Genua ••• aliud dilcrimlnil: i. e. the VIlllllel's being (I. 80.)

haJttuU of wa'ter. '!'t. Vofl'fl4 ••• taMtd: peJ'lll)bB, who ball ~pea shipwreck, bad

a paJhting inade 'Of the· acene of distress, througll which they had pallosed, and this being consecrated to Neptune, was hung up in. some temple, near the sea-coast. This painting was called 1IotimJ tahlla.

28. PictQre • ••• I.lde. so many table,. were hung up in. the temples of I,., by merchants ·and seamen, that many painters ·obt8lned a living by being employed on this branch olthe IU't alone.

83. Decidllre ••• ."entil: • by thro~g his goods o~board, he ( Catull",) began to compDund with the winds; '-to bargain, as it were, fDr his life, at the expense of his goods.

8'7. Mtscenatlbw: MtsCII~, the favourite of Augustus, was a very delicate and eJreminate person, from whom people of a similar description were called .Mi.ecentUell.

89. Egregiw .•. aer: Martial frequently speaks of 'this singular property of the air and water of BtBtiea (Andaiusia), In staining the fleeces of the sheep kept there with a bright yellow or golden hue.

42. Parthenio : Partheniw was an ingenious artist. 43. Pholo: Phol", was a drunken Centaur, who, when he enter

tained Hereules, brought out fDr this purpose, a tun oC wine at once. 45. Emptor Dlynthi: Philip oC Macedon; Lasthenes, govemoor of

Dlynth"', having been bribed by Philip, betrayed the city Into his hands.

SATIRE XII.

60. Jactlitur • •• tIIIId_: i. e. Dot only articles of IUperilaity, bUl even useful necessaries, a.re thrown overboard in the etorm.

61 • .8t1Hrsi.: &C. llenlil. Q. RecW: the first syBablein this word is made long by the fig

ure Dialtole. 5S • .Dia~lniB ••• tnin6rem: • it ii a Iign of the utmost distreIs,

when we are obliged to 1188 helps to make the ship lighter,' as by cutting away the maatlI, which is IUppOied to be the meaning of mintwem in this place.

68. SlamJ'" ~ ltuIiftCtB: it was the opiDfon of the ancients, that when the destinies intended long life to a person, they spun ",1tlte tln:ead; when death, bJaele thread.

61. VeZo 'JfIYWll ""': prrwG (by Syneedoche) may mean the ft8Ilel itself, but it literally eignilies the forepart, foredeck. or forecastle of a vessel; 8DCl so it is probably to be uu.derstood in this place, as lleio IUO

implies the sail, proper to this P.Ut of the ship; the fore ... prit saQ. 68. Gratu .•• maMtlliI: AIM Umga was built by luI", AscaDi

us, who, having before dwelt at .z:.m,I"''''' (built by .EneGl, and so alIed from Ilia second wife L.miRiG), left that place to his step-mother. "l11e Trojans were told by the oracle, that where they found a whire sow with thirty pigs sucking, there they should buU\l a city, which they 1tid, and called it, from the colour of the sow, .8164.

'78. 2'a11dcm ••• lMliam: these lines contain. ae.eription of the mole and port of O,tia, at the mouth of the 1'I.ber_.iaerc,1J JIet' ~ ra: through the waters included between and within the moles.

74. 7Yrr1lalamque Pharo",. ill the haven of Ostia, Claudius bullt a Pharo, or lighthouse, in imitation of that at Alexandtla.-P6Wecfa ••• ltaliam: i. e. we again reach the two sides of the piers, like arrntt, which extend so far into the Tyrthene sea, that they seemed to enclose it as far as the middle way, and, as it were, to leave the coast of Italy behind.

79. VerRet rGlo: when in dlstrell8 at sea, the sailors usually ·in~ked the assistance of some god, with a solemn vow of cutting off their

.bair, and offering it, as an aclmowledgemenl, for their preservation. 82. SertiJ,que deliLbris: on solemn occasions, all the temples 01 the

gods were adorned with garlands.-Farra ••• C1IltriB: they made cakes of meal and salt, with which they sprinkled the sacrificing knife, the

, head of the victim, and the fire.

238 NOTES.

88. Omne. tIilI,., ••• coliJre.: 'violets of every ·colour.' 90. Matutl,u, ••• lucemiB: it was customary, on any joyful occa

sion, either of a public or private nature, to adom the gates of their houses with branches of laurel, and with lamps, even in the day-time.~erlitur: • celebrates the festival?' the verb operor, when it stands without any addition, signifies, to .acrifice,-to jom in a sacrifice.

98. Libet ell:BJ1ectare: ' I should be glad to see.' 91S. 7bm ,tertIi: so unlikely to leave you anything.-Cotumill: •••

cadet: i. e. not even one of the least of birds would be offered in sacrifice for a man, who is a Cather, and, like Catullus, has heirs to his estate.

96. Smtlre caliJrem: c to be attacked with a fever.' 98 • .P'iII:iB ••• tQ!IeUis: it was customary, in cases of sickness, for the

friends to IUSpend, in the temples of the gods, votive tablets, having inscribed upon them the wishes and prayers of those, who hung them up. If the party, for whose sake they were made, recovered, the offerers of the tablets thought themselves bound to perform their vows.

102. Pu",d gmte: the Moo!". 103 • .IlrboribUI ••• agro: i. e. in the forest. near Lavinium, where

7bmUl, the king of the Rutulians reigned; the country was called Etruria.

104. az,itris annentum: Domititm, as a mat.ter of state and curio~ty, transported into Italy numbers of elephants; and iD. the forest of Lavinium, a herd of them might be seen together.

106. Begique Molo,so: Pynhus. , 107. Hon"" majiJres: i. e. the elepbants of former times •

. ' 108. 7Wrim: towers made of wood and filled with armed men . were put on the backs of the elephants, and thus carried into battle.BeUi: the i in beUi, in this line, is preferved from elision.

109. Noanum •• • Kutrum Pacuwum: the lIames of two legacy-hunters.

110. Ebur: ivory, but here, by Metonymy, elephMats. 113 • .IlUer: Pacuvius, as appears from 1. 123. 117. ~higmJa: this alludes to the story of Agamemnon sacrificing

his daughter ~higeflia. S!,e Class. Dict. 118. 7hzg¥ce •.• cervtB: alluding to Diana's stealing away Ipbige

nia and substituting the hind in her place.

--'

SATIRE XIII. 239 120. Libittnam efltulrit: should recover.' .I.ibitina was a Iliiiile

given to P",.erpt"", presiding onTe funera1s. 125. Juguliita J5,nyctniB: Kphigenia sacrificed at Jlycenll.'-If'fitg_

amemccon h"d mit o/fe,,,d to sacrifi',e hi, da"hhter, Pacuvb, w"uld never dave {hough! of deing d,e with his, f"r the ,,,co,,elY of the dch man, who, in consequence, has made him heir to his whole estate.

Ih4;. V,E NeIl1[J,a toEgm : 've" N",tor's 127, Quantum •.• Nero: the rapacity of Nero was proverbial. The

,um, he e"t"rted fyom pro"ince, illlde, "ario'" pret,n,es '''ce',S all belief.

H" d,ve sad' Su"t"nius, with'."t the "dditb" of iliiJ< sp,,«iaI charge: " &iB quid mihi opm lit; et hoc agamm, fie quiB quidquam hab""U'Yf «u· [J""w ""hat I "Jant I«t UJ man"de in ,«Ch manw", that nobody else may have any thing.

C",,,inus 'had Ie.!'i, a sum of m«neh th" hand, ',f a ""nfid"ntial son; when the restOlation of this was demanded, the man', to whom it had he"n e"trusteh, foreJmore J he dJ:l'"sit.

The indignation, expressed by Calvinus, at thi, 'bread: ,f trust, se,:m" ha": rea«i,ed ea", ,:fhi, Hend Jevenal, who endeavours to soothe

and comfort him under his loss: in ""ing u"s, po;:t spe,h, of ilie "Ulanb of thh tim,"" shJ,',' that nothing can happen, but by the will of providence, and that wh,hed m,n "'''IY with them thei, own puni,h-

r

4. «irati"... : in "hmim,l cas,:" the h'rll!b, Urb,m,us, mho sat as chief judge, put into an urn the names of his assessors (a kind of jury-",,,n,·"iiu,, t" the a,:mune "C so,:,,, hunb,eds, were ,mnuallih cho"n for this purpose), from which he drew out the number prescribed by Z"w, u,ualll', about fiftl', wh, sat hi,,, at trl'" "nen "e pleadings were over, they reriaed and deliberated on what had passed. Yfn their retem, hab ',ach three "axe" table' put thei, hanb" one of which was marked with the letter C. for condem7lO, guilty; an"ther, with the kiier A, for a7<J01,,0, tcot u::lfty; "nd a thIrd, "ith letter~ N. J.. non liquet, I am doubtful. ',' One of th~se tablets, each "erso:: 'iropi nrivat:<:1y an which PrJ:Jt;:r tOiS%; out, Sind nounced sentence, according to the decision of the majo~iy.

_, 01.

240 NOTES.

It was in the Pretor·. power, however. to manage the business in such a manner, that the ciefeadant, however in the wrong, might ap. pear to have the ""' in his Cavour •.

it. N" •.. pot.,;,: i. e. luch frauds, as you complain of, are not very rare in Rome.

It. E __ ••• _: taken, as it were, from the lesser and

every day miseries of life. 12. Nee jadil.re jagum: 'and Dot to shake off the yoke;' that is,

not lIIlpatientlJ to struggle with adversity. A metaphor, from unruly oxen, that to .. their necks, and strive iD

vain to get rid of the yoke. 215. Pydd8: literally calittle bo~; bllt here, by Metonymy, 'poison" 2'7. Thelnintm porl4l: Thebes a city in Bmotia, built by CaAimG8,

the son of Agenor, called Heptapylo., having 8eDer&gates. Therewas another Thebe., in Egypt, which was said to have had a hundred gates. -The first is meant here.-O,tiCI.lVUi: the mouths of the . .Nile were seven in number.

28. NOfI4..ta1: as .tal and ,.culum mean a period of 100 years,.· it II most probable that the ninth age of the city is intended, which corresponds very well with the time in which the poet wrote, viz, in the seventy·second year of the ninth age.-.BgJtur: 'is going on"Ferri tempo7ibus: the last of the four ages, into which the world was supposed to be divided, and which was worse than the three preceding it, was the iron age. See Ovid's Met. i. 121.

82. FtllBidium: the name of some vain and ignorant pleader, who courted the applause of the people, by treating them with ~ 8portulCl.

83. Bulld di,gniBllme: i. e. worthy, old as you are, to be. ranked with children, on accouot of your simplicity.

The bulla was a gold ornament, in the shape of a heart, which was suspended from the neck of free-born children, till they were seventeen. The children of the poor had it made ofleather.

31. Rubemi: red with the blood of animals facrificed, or with the fire upon it.

89. Falt:em: it is said that Saturn, after he was compelled to lIy from heaven, settled in Italy, and taught the natives the art of agriculture.

41. Idtllis ••• antril: • in the caves of mouot Ida,' where Jupiter, immediately after his birth, was carried and concealed.

•

SATIRE XIII. 241

43. lliiJem ptWI": Ganymede, the son of Tros, king of Troy. . See Class. Dict.-Hercilli. _or: Hebe. See Class. Diet.

45. LiparIB4 • • • t/Jbemt1: near Sicily, there were several blanda, caUed Lipari; in one of these, Vulc/Jni4, Vulcan's forge was said to be.

46. Sibi: • by himself,-alone.' . 48. Atlant/J: Atla. was a king of Mauritania, feigned by the poets

to have been transformed Into a mountain, and to have supported the heavens on his shoulders.

49. SortttUB • •. imperium: Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, the three sons of Saturn, cast lots for the dominion of the universe: Neptune obtained that of the sea.-Siciiltt ••• conj6ge: Proserpine.

51. Rot/J: aUuding to the story of lzIon.-FuritB: Alecto, Meglllra, Tisiphone.-Sazum: alluding to Sili/phm, the son of ..Eolus.-VultiiriB • • • ptBna: In anusion to the story of PrometheUB.

57. PZur/J .• . j'r/Jg/J .•. ace"'08: the fruits of the earth were the riches of the golden age.

61. ~T"U{!;lne: i. e. the coin, which had been lsid up so long, as to have contracted rust.

62. TuBcis ••• Zibellis: the art of soothsaying is said to have first come from the TuBc/Jns, which consisted in foretelling future events from prodigies; these were recorded In books and were consulted occasionaUy, to determine the meaning of any thing of a marvellous nature.

63. QuiBque ••• agntl: when any prodigy happened, the custom was to expiate by sacrifice, to avert the con$equences of ill omens, which were gathered from prodigies. A she lamb was the o/fering on such occasions: its head was crowned with a garland of dowers or with ribands.

65. Pulro: the ° in pmro is preserved from elision. 66. kttB .•• tnul<B: mules are not known to have ever brought

forth young; though Appian says, luch a thing happened in Rome, be. • fore the coming of Sulla. .

68. Emmm . .• tlelGbri: it was considered a very great prodigy, if • swarm of bees settled on the top of a temple, tree, or military stand. ard.

73. AreQ.na: for ,e.tertitJ arc/J/IO deposita; committed to the care of an acquaintance privately and without witne_.

21

242 NOTES.

78. Pet" .olis radio.: this was an usual oath.-Taryeiaquefolm¥na: i. II. by the thunder of Jupiter Capitolinus, who had a temple, built on the Tarpeian rock.

79. CinhaJi • .• flatis: Apollo, who had an oracle at Delphi, near Cinha, a city of Phocis, where he was worshipped.

80. VenatrteiB •.. Puellte: Diana, the goddess ofhuntiDg. 81. Patet" .lEgtzi: Neptune is said to have had his principal habita.

tion in the iEgrean sea. By patet", here, we are not to understand a fatMr, as some have interpreted it, by sayiog, that he was 'father cif .lEgeu., the father of Theseus. It is a title of reVl'rence, honour, and power, given to the gods; and sometimes even to demigods and heroes. Here it may be taken in the sense of potens.

82. Herculeo. arCUB: the bow, put for the arrow., which Hercules used in killing the Hydra, and which he gave to his companion Phil· octetes.

84. Comldam ... Binclput: alluding to the story of Thyestes, the brother of Atreus, who, having committed adultery with the wife of Atreus, was obliged to eat the child, which his brother killed in reo venge and served up to him at his own table.

85. Phario ... actto: Pharos was an isl~nd of Egypt, from whence came the best flinegar.

89 . .!Iltana tangunt: those, who prayed or, swore, usually laid their hands upon the altar.

91. Ita secum: • thus reasons with himself.' 93. IBis: an Egyptian goddess, adopted among the deities of the

Romans, was supposed to be much concerned in inflicting maladies and diseases on the perjured.-SiIItro: the sistrum was a sort of timbrel, used by the priests df Isis, with loose rings on tbe edge, which, when shaken, yielded a shrill sound: at the top, it had the figure of a' cat, with a human face, and below, that C!f Isis.

97. Ladas: the name of a famous runner.-.I1nticgrd: an island in the Archipelll.go, put for Mllebore (its principal produce), which was con· lidered good to purge the head, in cases of madness.

98 • .!Irchiglne: a physician, 1am0US, probably, for curing madness. 99. PislBm ••. Olltlm: tbe prize, at the Olympic gsmes, was an olive

crown, which is called Pillman from Pism, a city of Elis, where these games were celebrated every fifth year.

SATIRE XlII. 243

110 • .Mintum ••• CatuZli: alluding to a play of Catullus, called the Phasma, in which there was a charact~r of a buffoon, who ran away from his master, after having cheated him, and then vexed and even provoked him, that he might be brought to swear himself oft', cheerfully proposing thus to be perjured.

112. Stentilra: Stentor was a Grecian mentioned by Homer to have bad a voice as loud as the voices of fifty persons.

118. GradlllU' Homericus: when Mars was wounded by Diomede, he is said by Homer to have roared as loud as 10000 men in the field of battle:

116. CarbOne tuo: the coals burning on your altar.-Charta •.. ,Iol11td: the paper, in which the frank-incense was brought, having been broken open, that it might be poured upon the coals.

Some think the· sealed paper is meant, on which the vows were specified in writing.

121. Et qui . •. di.tantia: the difference between tbe Stoics and eyDics was in their dress: the Stoics alone wearing a tunic under their cloak.

122. Epieflrum: Epieurus was a temperate and sober philosopher oC Athens, who lived chiefly on bread, water, and herbs, and placed the summum bonum in tranquillity of mind. His followers perverted his doctrine, and placed the chief good in the pleasures of the body.

129. C'laud.enda ••• janua: it was customary to shut doors and windows, in a time of mourning, especially, for the death of a relative.

182. Vcstem diduclre summam: • to tear the border of his garment,' which was nn usual sign of grief.

186. Si deeics ..• eburnis: the construction is, Si. tabellis leeti, deeies a ci'editore dillersa in parte, (or dillersa parte, by the opposite party,) debitores dicunt chirographa superllacui ligni llana, quos ipsorum littera, prineepsque gemma Sardonyehum, qUIZ eustoditur eburniB loculis, arguit.

188. Gemma ... Sardongchum: the seal of Sardonyx, which the poet calls princl!Ps, because this gem was principally used in seals.

141. GallIna! filius alba:: this expression appears to have been proverbial in Juvenal's time: white was deemed a lucky colour.

145. Sulfr.r.re: by Synecdoche, for any combustible matter, with which houses are set on fire.

148 . .8.doraMe rubiglni,: • of venerable rust;' i. e. • venerable for their antiquity.'

244 NOTES.

150. H.e •• . non 'URt: i. e. if there are no such valuable relics in the temples.

152. Nept-ani: oCa statue of Neptune, whose beard was gold. 153. Totum conftiJre Tonantem: i. e. when he has stolen and melt

ed down an entire statue of Jupiter. 155. Deducendum: sc. parricid4m; see Sat. viii, 213, 214. note. 157. Gamcw: Rutiliu. Galllcw was appointed, under Domitian.

prefect of the city, which officer had cognizance of capital olf"ences. and Bat every day on criminal cases.

160. Una domu.: i. e. the house of Gallicu!. 162. Qui. •.. .II1plbwJ: the inhabitanta about the Alps have gene

rally great swellings around their throats, occasioned, as some suppose. by drinking snow-water.

163. Mer~ : an Egyptian island in the Nile. 164. CtIlT61a •. . Germani lumlna: the Germans are described by

Tacitus, as having piercing blue eyes, and red hair. 165. Madldo .•• cirro: the Germans were accustomed to anoint

and curl their hair, so as to make it look like horns. 166. Nempe: surely no one would wonder. 167 • .lid: for adver,u,.-SubUa, Thracum voI6cre,: a Bight of

crane., coming unexpectedly from Stl'ymon, a river of Thrace. 173. CQhors: sc. Pygmteorum. 174 . .Nulla • •• erit: an objection started by CalvinU!. 175. .IIbreptum ••• ern: the answer of the poet. 178. Sed ••• ip,a: the words of Calvinus. 180 . .lit: at is frequently synonymous with certe or ,altem. 181: Nempe: the answer of the poet. 184. Chry,ippw ChryBippUB was a Stoic philosopher.-T1&alltil:

Thales was one of the seven wise men of Greece. 186. Srne:t:; • . Hymetto: Socrates lived at Athens, in the neigb

bourhood of which was mount Hymettus, famous for its excellent honey.

186. Qui ••• dare: Socrates was accused of contemning the gods of Athens, and, for this was condemned to die, by drinking the juice of hemlock.

An old scholiast bas observed on this passage, as indeed some others have done, that one of his accusers, Melitu., was cast into priso». with him, to whom, a1tbough at his earnest request, Socrates refused to give a portion of the poison.

SATIRE XIlI. 245

194. Burdo: 8Urdus not only signifies one who doe. not hear, but that auo, which gives no sound.

197. Ctlldicius: a very cruel judge in the days of Vitellius; or, according to some, il\ the days of Nero.-Rhadamallthus: one of the judges of hell.

198. Te8tem: the testimony of an evil conscience. 199. Spartano .•• propinquis: the poet alludes to a story related

by Herodotus. A Milesian had entrusted a sum of money to one Glaucus, a Spartan. After a time, the sons of the l\lilesian came to redemand it. Glaucus affirmed, that he had no recollection of the circumstance and sent them away. As soon as they were gone, he hastened to Delphi, to inquire, if he should persist in denying it: he was answered, that, if he foreswore the money, he might escape for a time, but, for his wicked design, he and all his family should be utterly destroyed. Upon this, Glaucus sent for the Milesians and paid them the whole sum: , but what the oracle foretold came to pass, for he and all his kindred \ were afterwards extirpated.

214 . .9.lbani: .9.lban wine was very much esteemed. 216 . .9.cri: commentators render this aeetoso, ' sour.' 229. Lat~riB • • ·febre dolorem: meaning probably apleuriticfetler. 232. Pecildcm . .. balantem: it was usual for persons in danger Of

in sickness to engage by vow some offering to the gods, on their deliverance or recovery.

233. LarlbuB ••• audent: the Lares were the private gods of individuals. A coek was sacrificed to lEsculapius after recovery.

Madan thus understands the sentence: "So far from promising a cock to lEscuiapius, they have not the courage to vow even a cock's comb," &c.

245. Unwm: a chain the links of which were called unci or hami. Some understand a hook in the wall, to which the malefactor was

chained. Others, the hook, by which they were dragged to the &alr.e Gemo

nitB. 246. JEgtBi rupem: see Sat. i. 65, note. 249. Nee Burdum nee TireBiam: 'neither deaf nor blind~'-7tresia.

was a blind soothsayer of Thebes. 21-

246 NOTES.

SATIRE XIV.

The whole of this Satire is directed to the one great end of selfimprovement. By showing the facility, with which children copy the vices of their parents, he points out the netessity, as well as the sacred duty, of giving them examples of domestic purity and virtue.

After briefly enumerating the several vices, gluttony, cruelty, debauchery, &:c. which youth imperceptibly imbibe from their semora; he enters more at large into that of avarice, of which he shows the fatal and inevitable consequences.

Having placed the absurdity, as well as the perpleXity, and danget of immoderate desires in every possible point of view, the piece concludes with a solemn admonition to he satisfied with those comforts and conveniepces, which nature and wisdom require, and which a decent com-pt'tence is easily calculated to supply. .

1. Ji'rl8clne: Fuscintl8 was a friend of Juvenal, to whom this satire is addressed.

5. Bulldtus: i. e, not yet seventeen years of age. See Sat. xiii, sa note.

7. Rfuure tublra: • to peel truffles.' 8. Eadem jure . . • ficediillas: ficedultZ were beccasino, orflg-piek.

ers, birds mu,:h admired by gluttons of antiquity. It was reckoned a great lUXUry to have these birds dressed and served

up in the Bame ,auce orpickle with funguses of various kinds. 10. Cand ••. guld: • the hoary glutton,' his father. 12. BarbU.toB • • • magi,trp8: philosophers and learned teachers

were called barbati, from wearing long beards, to make them look grave.

14 . .11 magnlt ..• cullnd: • from the profuse luxury of his father'1 ample kitchen.'

16. Mittm anJmum .•• Polyphtmu,: the construction is, .I1n Rutilus, alter .I1ntiphates trepidi lam, ac Polyphemus, qui gatulet acerbo strepitu plagarum, et camparat nullam Sirena jttJgelliB,prtZCipit mitem animum et mores tZqu08 modici, erroribu" atque putat anima8 et corpora 'et'1)orum ex nostrd materid paribusque elemenlil: anne potius docet ,tZtrire;

18. Rutllu,: the name of some cruel master.

SATIRE XlV. 247

20. Antiphittes: Antiphates was king of the Lrestrygones, savages near Formie in Italy, who> lived on human fiesh.-Polyphtmu,: one of the Cyclops was also a cannibal.

!4. lnIcripta ugtJlltllltJ: • branded slaves.' 39. CUtJII: • waxen tablets.' 80. Vincedil: • pimps.' 35. Titan: Prometheus, who formed men of clay, and animated

them with fire, stolen from heaven. 42. Quocunque sub aze.: • in every cli~e.' 43. lJTldUB: .M. lJrutUl.-lJruti ••. a"unc1l1us: Cato of Utica. 49. Peccaturo: the 0 in this word is preserved from elilion. 50. Cen8oN •.• irli: the censor or judez morom was a Roman

officer, who punished offenders against the peace or good manners.Fec~rit . . . sc. filius.

55. 7lWllltJII mutare: • to alter your will,-to disinherit him.' 57. Vacuum ..• cerebro: • void of common sense.' 58. Ventola cucurbUa: cucurbUa probably means here a cup

ping instrument. The epithet IIentosa alludes to the nature of the operation, which is performed, by rarifying the air, within the instru· ment, by the application of fire, on which the blood is forced from the scarified skin into the cupping instrument by the pressure of the outward air.

The operation of cupping on the head, in cases of madne", is very ancient.

62. Leve argentum: • the unwrought plate,' which of course is ,mooth.-.I1.splra: • imbossed,' of course rough.

76. Eli: • the young· storks.'-Ele in the text is a typographical error.

77. OrocibUBque relicti8: i. e. feeds on the remains of the bodies of malefactors, that were le,ft exposed on crosse,.

79. Magni: i. e. when grown up. 81. Jom, ... a'Oe8: eagles. 86. OuTDo • •• CajtttB; the ,hore oC· Cajeta or Caieta, a sea-port in

Campania, was remarkably sinuous and crooked. 91. Spado ••. P08JdeS: a freedman of Claudius Cmsar, who was

possessed of immense riches; he built on the shore at Baile some very magnificent baths.-Capitolia nostra: the Capitol at RODle.

95. MeliOre • • • marmiJre: • more costly marbie,' than his father used.

248 NOTES.

96. Patrem: who is a Jew. 99. Mo~ et prtEputia ponunt: • soon they are circumcised.' 102 . .I1rc4no . •. tlOlumlne: the Pentateuch (or five books of Moses),

which is called secret, not because it was kept (arcd) in a chest in the synagogue, but because the Jews would not reveal it to the Gentiles.

105. In eaUld: • in fault.'-Oui ••• ullam: • with whom the sev-enth day was a day of idleness, and did not belong to any part of life.'

114. He'peridum serpen,: the dragon, that guarded the fruit in the gaIden of the Hesperide, and was said never to sleep.-Pontlcw : the dragon, that guarded the golden fleece, at Colchis,' in PontU8.

128. CtBnI.lei: so musty,and mouldy, that they have become perfectly blue.

129. Medio .•. Septembri: when the heat of the sun was severest at Rome.

132. Signdtam: ,ealed up in some vessel Or cup-board, so that the poor half-starved slave could not touch them.

133. F'ila ••• pom: • and the counted fibres of a sective leek;' or the leek, there were two kinds; one, that grew to a head, called capitatum; the other, that conSisted of fibres, called sectimm, sectile, or .ectum, which was considered inferior.-The fibres were cOlmted, that none of them might be taken.

134. Ponte: see Sat. iv, 115, 116, note. 144. Canet olilld: the flower of the olive is white or rather ,of a

light grey. 151. Quot •.. agroB: i. e. injuries of this kind have frequently

made people part with their lands. 162. Molo88os: the Molo,sions, a people of Epirus, fought against

the Romans in the army of Pyrrhus. 163. Juglra bina: two jugera or acres was the compliment of con

quered land given by the Romans to their soldiers. 173. Inde: i. e. from avarice. 180. Mar3U8 ••• Hemicu. • .• Ve,tlnus: the poet introduces three

old villagers of the Marsi, Hemici, and Vestini, giving advice to their. children. These three people were famous for being warlike, laborious, and fi·ugal.

'186. PeriJne: a kind of shoe or boot, made of raw leather, with the hairy side in, and worn by rustics in winter; it is 'called alto, high, because it came up to the calf of the leg.

SATIRE XIV. 249

192. Rubra • ••• lege.: the titles and initial letters of each act or chapter were written in red characters, as are seen in most of the ancient manuscripts. Hence the written law was called Rubrica.

198. V'atem: 'the ottice of centurion.' The Centurion carried, u an ensign of his ottice, a stick, made of a vine-bramh.

194. Bw:o: the Romans made comb, of b03:-wood. 195. lAlius: used here for any general. 197. Locuplltem aqullam: in the Roman army, the senior captain

had the care of the golden eagle or standard.-Here the atandard is put for the po,t, which was a lucrative one. " 202 . .I1bltgandts ••• ultra: it was a law in Rome, that all filthy trades should be carried on, and noisome wares exposed for sale, on the other side of the Tiber •

.204. Ungutnta tt cori1,m: i. e. between the business of a 'perjiwner and that of a tanner .

.206. PoettP.: Enniu" who translated the 207th verse from the Bel· lerophon o(Euripides, where it was used in irony.

208. VetilltB ••• /JI,ts: 'aged nurses.' 212. Melillrem . .. dilcipillum: i. e. I will warrant, that the scholar

will be a greater proficient in this and other vices, than you, who are his instructer.

217. Longi mucrcJnem • .• cultri: 'the edge of a long knife;' a periphrasis, for ' a razor.'

219. Oerer;, • .. aram: the altar of Ceres was considered the most sacred because, in the celebration of her worship, nothing was to be admitted, that was not sacred and pure.-But Oeres is here put for any goddess.

220. Eldtam .•. ,ubit: for her husband will certainly murder her to obtain sole possession of her property.

228. lAfJo: '"dishonest;' some render it,foolilh; others, unlucky. 231. Quem: a Grmcism for quod, BC. cun-itulum, though the sense

requires quem. 231. Oircumscribilre: 'to cheat.' 240. Dile3:it ..• Menreceus: Mentscew, the son of Creon, king of

Thebes, that he might preserve his country, when Thebes was besieg, ed by the Argives, devoted himself to death; the oracle having declared that Thebes would be safe, if the last of the race of Cadmus would willingly suffer death.-8i GrlaM "era: j. e. if the Grecian accounti be true,

250 NOTES.

241. Quorom: a Gnecism for quarwn, the antecedent being Thebal. 244. Ignem: the fire oC avarice. 246. 7hpldum . .. alumnus: alluding to the story oC a tame lion,

which, in the time of Domitian, destroyed its keeper and instructer. 248. Nota . •. colus: i. e. your son, who is impatient to enjoy yow

property, will consult the aStrologers, who know well what length of life has been allotted to you, for your boroscope; but then it is a great bardship Cor him to wait till your thread of life is all wound up.

249. Stamlne . .. abrupto: • by a premature death.' 252 • .I1.rchiglnen: the name of some Camous pbysiclan.-Quod

Mithridates compoBuit: see Sat. vi. last line, note. 253 • .I1.liam .•• fieum: i. e. to see another autumn.-Alias ...

rOSal: i. e. to see another spring. 255. Et pater et retIC: such an antidote, as a Cather should swallow,

to secure him against the wickedness of a son; or a king against the attempts of his subjects.

257. PradoriB .•• lauti: see Sat x. 36, notes. 261. Mars • •. BUaI: the temple of Mars, the avenger, in the forum

of Augustus, was the place, where treasures were at first deposited; but this, having been robbed of all its wealth, even the helmet from the head of the image of Mars was taken, the temple of Castor was appointed for that purpose, where a secure guard was constantly kept; whence the epithet Iligilem.

262. Flortll .•. CerlriB .•• Cy'blles auka: the sports and plays exhibited at the festivals of Flora, Ceres, and Cybele.

265. Petauro: some say, that thepetaurum was a wooden circle or hoop, through which the petauristtll threw themselves, so as to light upon the ground. See the next note.

266. Rectum descendlre funem: • to slide down the straight rope; , -or rectum funem, may signify a tight rope, and pelaurum, the pole with which rope dancers usually balance themselves.

267. Corycili: trading to Corycium, a promontory of Crete, where Jupiter was born.-Some think Corycium" a mountain of Oilicia is intended.

271. MunidpeB JOllis: • of the same country with Jupiter; '-Cretan.

272. Hie: the rope-dancer.

SATIRE XIV. 251

2'78. C'arpathium ••• aqullra : ' the Carpathian sea,' between Rhodes and Crete, was considered very dangerous.-GtBtula: what is now called the straits of Gibraltar.

2'79. OaZpe: a high rock on the Spanish coast, now Gibraltar: this with Abyla, now Ceuta, a rock on the Mrican coast, were called the pillars of Hercules; and were considered the western boundary of the worId.-C'aZpl seems to be used here in the third declension.

280. Hercullo .•• gurgUe: the Atlantic ocean was called the Hereulean gulf. where it joins Gibraltar.-Stridentem: alluding to the notion of the sun's setting in the western ocean.

283. JUlllnes ... marino, : Tritons, which were supposed to be half men, half fish.

284. Soron, .. • Eumenldltm: alluding to the story of Orestes, who, after he had slain his mother, was tormented by the F'uries: his sister Electra took care of him in his madness, and, embracing him, endeavoured to comfort him, but he said to her, .. Let me alone, thou art one of the furies; you only embrace me, that you may cast me into Tartarus." See Euripides, Orest. 260. seqq.

286. H~ •• • Ithi1.cum: .I1j=, running mad, because the arms of Achilles were adjudged to Ulysses, the Ithacan, vented his rage on the beasts of the field. He slew two oxen, taking one for Agamemnon, the other for mY8Be,. See Sophoc. Ajax Mastig.

289. TabUla: 'by a single plank.' 291. C'onclsum • .• minutas: a peripbrasis for money.-The silver,

of which it was made, was first cut into pieces, then stamped with the name and titles of the reigning prince, and also, with a likeneu of his face. '

294. Fascia nigra; 'the black clouds.' 295 • .lE,tll)um tonat: 'it is summer thunder; '-' it is a mere thun

der shower.' 29'7. Zonam: some think the ancients carried their money, tied to

their girdle,.-Others, that they carried it in their girdles, which were made hollow for this purpose.

299. Tagm: a river in Portugal, famous for its golden sands.-Pacto1m; a river in Ly£lia, famous also for its golden sands.

302. Picttt •.• tempe,t4te: persons, who had lost their property by shipwreck, used to have their misfortunes painted on a tablet. Some made use of this tablet to move the compassion of those, whom they

!52 NOTES.

met, as they travelled through the country, imilloring mllUJ, and, for this purpoee, they suspended tbe tablets about their necks, and . kept llinging verses, expressing the manner of their misfortunes.

Others bung their tablets in the temple of that particular deit:Y. wbose aid they bad invoked in their distress: a tablet, thus dedicated. wu called tabella votiva .

. 305. Hamil: kama signifies a water-bU(!ket, made of lcather. 307. Electro: cups made of e1ectrum, a mixed metal, contaiDing

four parts of gold, and one of sllver.-Some think amber is intended. 308. EMre: the furniture made of iflOry, or inlaid with it.-.2'hht

dine: couches and other furniture, inlaid with tortoise-sheU. 309. cynlci: Diogenes, whose tub was not made of wood, but Df

baked clay, and consequently in no danger of fire. 320. Ante: before the time of Epicurus.-Socrates died 400 years

before Christ; Epicnrns, 271. 324. Bi. 8eptem ordin¥bu.: fourteen rows of seats in the theatre

were assigned to the equestrian order. 326. SUme duos equrtes: 'take the estate of two knlghts.'-71:rtia

quailriflgenta: 'three times four hundred sestertia;' triple a Jmight's estate.

327. ImplLvi .•. '''Ira: a metaphor from the garments of the ancients, which, being loose,. they held open to receive whatever wu given them.

328. PerS¥ca regna: the kingdom of Persia was considered tbe richest in the world.

329. NarciBBi: NarciB.u. was a freedman and favorite of Claudius Cmsar, who had such an ascendancy over the emperor, as to prevail OD

him to put Messalina, his wife, to death, after her paramoUr SUiID.

SATIRE XV.

The poet, in this Satire, which he is supposed to have written, while banished into Egypt, relates the mortal and irreconcilable hatred, which sprung from a religious quarrel between the Coptites and Tent)·rites, inhabitants of two neighbouring cities of Egypt, and describes, in very lively colours, a bloody fray, which happened between them. The conclusion of the Satire is a just and beautiful description of the origin of civil society.

SATIRE XV. 253

5. Dimidio •.• Memt'l6tle: at Thebes, in Egypt, a city having a hundred gates, there was a colossal statue of Memnon, king of ..£thiopia, who was slain by Achilles, at the siege of Troy: this statue was made of marble, and with such art, that a lute, which was in its hand, would of itself give a musical sound, when the beams of the sun shone upon it.

Cainbyses, king of Persia, ruined the city and caused the statue to be broken about the middle, imagining, that the sound came from BOme contrivance within, but nothing was found. From this time, the music was thought to be magical. - IS. AIton'fto ... Alcinoo •.• mysses, having arrived at the island Coreyra, was entertained by Alcinous, the king, to whom he related his travels.

16. In mare • .. put4eit: supposed to be spoken by one of the company, who was present, when Ulysses gave an account of hiB adventures.

17. Smld •.• OhMybdi: i. e. he has told such a romance about a feigned whirlpool, which he calls OhMybdiB, in the straits of Sicily, that he certainlY' deserves a real one for his pains.

18. uitrygiJnas: the UBtrygOnflS were a rude and savage people near Formim, in ItlI.ly; they were like giants, and devoured men. ,

19. Sc'!Jllam: &yUa, the daughter of Phoroys, said to have been changed into a dangerous rock, between Italy and Sicily.-CoRCU7Tentiel ••• Cyaneas: the CyanetB, otherwise Sympleg/J.des, were two roeb at a short distance from the Thracian Bosphorus, so close to one

• another, that they seemed at a distance to be one and the same: and, as one passed by, they appeared to dash against each other.

20. PlenoB ... utreB: when mYBBeB arrived at the island of JEiJluB, that king of the winds enclosed the adverse winds in leather bag. and hung them up in the ship of mysBes, leaving at liberty the west wind which was favorable. But the companions of Ulysses, wishing to know what these bags contained, unloosed them; immediately a tempest arose and drove them back to the island of "£0108. Afterwards they sailed to the' Lmstrygones, where eleven ships were lost; with only one remaining they were driven to the island of Circe, a sorceres~, who turned many of the mariners, by a touch of her wand, into swine.

22. ElpeniJra: one of the companions of Ulysses. 22

254 NOTES.

27. JUnio: Junio is contracted into Junyo; the line is thus divided, Nos mi-( rindi> qui-I dilm sed I nuper I cansille JOOyo. 28. Oopti: a metropolitan city of Egypt, near the Nile, over which

the SUD, at noon, is vertical. 29. Ou.nctis .•. cothumiB I • any tragedy.' 30. SyrmiUa .. syrmata were long garments, wom by actors in trage

dy: here, like cothumis in the line before, it is put, by Metonymy, for tragedy itself.

85. Ooptos: most editions have Ombo •• 40. inimicDrum: • of the hostile Tentyrites.' 48. Quem ... intllnit: i. e. the festival sometimes continued seven

days.-This number the Egyptians held sscred. 48. .mile : on the part of the OoptiteB. 49. Qualiacunque unguenta: • ointments such as they '!ere.' 51. mnc: on the part of the Tentyrites.-Jurgia .•. incipiunt:

i. e. the Tentyrites begin the fray with bitter reproaches and abuse. 73. Pars alilra: the Tentyrites. 77. Hinc quidam: ~ at this juncture one of the Coptites.' 93. Vasc/jnes: the Vascona were a people in the llorth-eastem part

of Spain. They were besieged by Metellus and Pompey and reduced to such necessity, that the limng were forced to eat the dead, but they were at last relieved by Sertorius, a general of Marius' party.

107. Zenoni,: Zeno was the" founder of the Stoics' and taught, that, though some things might be done to prest!Ttle life (pro mtd), yet not every thing; nor indeed any thing, that was unbecoming or dishonest.

108. Oantaber: the VasCOfis were a people of the Oantallriam. 110. Nunc . •. .R.thtnas: 'now the whole world has the benefit of

Grecian and Roman literature.' 114. Saguntus: Saguntum at Saguntus was a city of Spain be

yond the river Ebro, a most faithful ally to the Romans. When they had h~ld out :lgainst Hannibal and were almost famished, rather than submit, they chose to bum themselves, their wives, and children; this was the cause of the second Punic war. .

US. MtBoAde ..• artJ : near lake MceiJtis, there was an altar, sscred to Diana, upon which strangers were sacrificed.

116. Taurlca: Diana TauT¥ca, so called from lIer being worshipped by the people of Taurica, where the altar was.-Or Taurica may

SATIRE XVI. 255

mean the country itself, which is called inflenlriz, because Thoas, kinp: of ChersonesU8 Taurica was the inventor of this horrid barbarity.

120. Impulit: • impelled these Tentyrites.' _ 122. Anne • •• Mlo: commentators explain this passage in various

ways. The meaning probably is, that, tbese Egytians, the Tentyrites, had, without any necessity compelling them to it, without any excuse to extenuate their crime, been guilty of so monstrous a wickedness, that they could not have found any other way so likely to provoke the Nile to withhold its waters in a time of drought, and to bring a famine upon the country, as by thus increasing the Nile's unwillingness to help them . .. What worse impiety could they commit to provoke the Nile to stay within her banks, when the country of Egypt is chapt with drought? "

127. Fictillbu, ••. pha,tlis: boats, made of clay, hardened in the fire, and varnished, so as to be water-tight, which floated very well down the trsnquil current of the Nile.

187. Incerta: doubtful of which sex the sufferer is . • 189. Terrli .•• rogi: the law of the ancient Romans required, that the bodies of i~nts,-who died before they had lived forty days, (or, according to some, before they had teetb, that is, about seven months old,) should not be burnt, but buried.

140. Face- • •• sacerdo8: the sacred rites of Ceres were celebrated by night; the worshippers carried lighted torches in their bands, in memory of Ceres, who, by torch· light, had sought her daughter Proserpine, when carried away by Pluto.

None were admitted to these feasts, but those, who were pronounced chaste and good and free from any notorious crime.

142. una ... mala: i. e. can' think himself unconcerned in the misfortunes of others.

178. PythaglJrtJ8: Pythagoras forbade tbe eating of animals, on account of his belief in the transmigration of souls; he would not allow himself to eat all kinds of flegetables, but abstained from beans, the cause of which is not known.

SATIRE XVI.

This Satire is supposed to have been written by Juvenal, while he commanded in Egypt: he sets forth, ironically, tbe advantages and

266 NOTES.

privileges of the soldiery, and how happy they are beyond othem, whom he mentioDS.

Many have thought that tbis Satire was not written by Juvena). 6. &Jmi4 genitriz .•• are-Tid: Juno was worshipped at SamoB, a

aandy island in the lcarian sea. 10. PrOltilri: the FOltor militariB was commander in chief. 12. A~e .•. relietum: i. e. his eyes left in BUch a condition, that

the surgeon cannot promise the restoration of sight. 13. Bardarcm jude:t:: a military judge, who had cognizance of aD

military causes and of such as rose within the camp. 14. Cakem: calcem signifies any shoe, but probably meum lIae Ii

particular shoe, worn by soldiers.-Surm: these seem to have beeD the upper part of the caligOl, as the lower were the calcei: for the caliga was a sort of bameu for the foot and leg; tbe lower part of which Dr

tbe calceus covered the foot; the upper part or su.t·a reached up to the calf of the leg.

The poet means, that the complainant is referred to a military judge, who takes his seat on the bench in a military dreu. •

21. Ut sit .•• injuria: i. e. that vengeance, even greater than the injury complaioed of, be inflicted upon the plaintiJf.

24. Callgas . .. clallQrum: the caligOl of the soldiers were Iltuck full of nails.

26. Pylii.des: the friend of Orestes. See Clau. Dict.-Motem agglris: the Romans used to surround their encampments with vast heaps or banks of earth thrown up by way oC rampart. The mau of earth which Cormed them was called moles aggeris.

31. Dign"m . .. majllrum: i. e. a man oCprimitive simplicity,fidelity, and courage; such as lived in the days oC our ancestors.

36. Sacramentllrum: when soldiers were enlisted, they took an oath of allegiance and fidelity to the emperor, to their country, anu to theit general.

38. Sacrum . •. libo: the stones, \\ hich were set up Cor h9undaries, were held sacred; it was customary to adorn them with chaplets, and every year to offer, on the top of the boundary stones, to the god Terminus, sacrifices of honey, meal, and oil, made into cakes; this composition was called puZs.

42. E:t:spectandus . .• annul: every tribe in Rome had three judges, who were appointed to hear and adjust civil causes among the people.

SATIRE XVI. 257

By the word annUB we are to understand a certain time of the year, when the judges sat to try causes.

43. Totius pop(J.li: i. e. when the courts were open to the people at large.

51. Testandi . .. jus: by the laws of Rome, a son, during the life of his father, could not dispose of his property by will. But the soldier, by his military oath, became free and had the right of giving, as he pleased, whatever he had acquired in the service of his country.

D. Junii Juvenalis SatirÃ¦ expurgatÃ¦

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